Articoli di riviste: "Plant mites"

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de Lillo, Enrico, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Sauro Simoni, Aline Daniele Tassi e Domenico Valenzano. "Phytophagous mites transmitting plant viruses: update and perspectives". Entomologia Generalis 41, n. 5 (29 ottobre 2021): 439–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2021/1283.

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Cruz-Miralles, Joaquín, Marc Cabedo-López, Michela Guzzo, Sandra Vacas, Vicente Navarro-Llopis, M. Victoria Ibáñez-Gual, Víctor Flors, Marta Montserrat e Josep A. Jaques. "Host plant scent mediates patterns of attraction/repellence among predatory mites". Entomologia Generalis 42, n. 2 (15 marzo 2022): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2021/1237.

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Feng, Ying. "Plant MITEs: Useful Tools for Plant Genetics and Genomics". Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 1, n. 2 (maggio 2003): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1672-0229(03)01013-1.

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Gamliel-Atinsky, E., S. Freeman, A. Sztejnberg, M. Maymon, R. Ochoa, E. Belausov e E. Palevsky. "Interaction of the Mite Aceria mangiferae with Fusarium mangiferae, the Causal Agent of Mango Malformation Disease". Phytopathology® 99, n. 2 (febbraio 2009): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-2-0152.

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The role of the mango bud mite, Aceria mangiferae, in carrying conidia of Fusarium mangiferae, vectoring them into potential infection sites, and assisting fungal infection and dissemination was studied. Following the mite's exposure to a green fluorescent protein-marked isolate, conidia were observed clinging to the mite's body. Agar plugs bearing either bud mites or the pathogen were placed on leaves near the apical buds of potted mango plants. Conidia were found in bud bracts only when both mites and conidia were co-inoculated on the plant, demonstrating that the mite vectored the conidia into the apical bud. Potted mango plants were inoculated with conidia in the presence or absence of mites. Frequency and severity of infected buds were significantly higher in the presence of mites, revealing their significant role in the fungal infection process. Conidia and mite presence were monitored with traps in a diseased orchard over a 2-year period. No windborne bud mites bearing conidia were found; however, high numbers of windborne conidia were detected in the traps. These results suggest that A. mangiferae can carry and vector conidia between buds and assist in fungal penetration but does not play a role in the aerial dissemination of conidia between trees.

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Pratt, P. D., e B. A. Croft. "Banker Plants: Evaluation of Release Strategies for Predatory Mites". Journal of Environmental Horticulture 18, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2000): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-18.4.211.

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Abstract Spider mites (Tetranychidae) are among the most injurious pests of commercial landscape plant nurseries. The introduction of predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae) into nursery crops for control of spider mites can be an effective alternative to pesticides. We sought to evaluate the use of banker plants as a method of rearing and dispersing predatory mites for the control of spider mites in landscape nursery systems. Banker plants include any plant addition that aids in development and dispersal of predators for control of herbivorous pests. Addition of the predatory mite Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) into spider mite infested arborvitae and rhododendron banker plants held in replicated greenhouse cubicles resulted in more predatory mites dispersing to spider mite infested plants downwind than were originally inoculated. To improve persistence and subsequent dispersal of predatory mites in an arborvitae banker plant, we evaluated the use of adding supplemental prey (spider mites) and applying a portion of the plant foliage with a pyrethroid to provide a refuge for the prey. Reintroduction of prey increased the dispersal duration of N. fallacis but the pyrethroid-based refuge did not. Predatory mites dispersing from arborvitae banker plants of approximately 1.25 m (4.1 ft) tall were collected from receiver plants at 10, 20 and 30 m (10.9, 21.9 and 32.8 yd) down wind. Integration of a banker plant system into a landscape nursery operation is discussed.

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Karlik, J., A. D. Ali e C. A. Harwood. "Spider Mites in Rose Plant Fields, 1988". Arthropod Management Tests 19, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1994): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.335.

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FLECHTMANN, CARLOS H. W., e JEAN ETIENNE. "On plant mites from Guadeloupe, with descriptions of four new species of Eriophyidae". Zootaxa 1046, n. 1 (8 settembre 2005): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1046.1.6.

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Seven species of plant mites are reported from Guadeloupe: two spider mites, Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) and Tetranychus mexicanus (McGregor), Tetranychidae; one false spider mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), Tenuipalpidae; two eriophyid mites, Colomerus bucidae (Nalepa) and Ectomerus triquetrus Flechtmann & Etienne, Eriophyidae; two phytoseiid mites, Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, Phytoseiidae; and, four new species of eriophyid mites, namely Acalitus cracens n. sp. from Turnera subulata Smith (Turneraceae), Aceria doliolum n. sp. from Haematoxylon campechianum L. (Caesalpiniaceae), Eriophyes gallitor n. sp. from Sideroxylon obovatum (Lam.) (Sapotaceae) and Vasates caritus n. sp. from Haematoxylon campechianum L. (Caesalpiniaceae).

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ALBA, JUAN MANUEL, JOSEPHINE BLAAZER, JIE LIU, CARLOS VILLARROEL, THOMAS VAN LEEUWEN, WANNES DERMAUW e MERIJN KANT. "Searching for genes that make plants susceptible to spider mites as a target for resistance breeding". Zoosymposia 22 (30 novembre 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.12.

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Herbivorous mites must have to overcome several barriers that are produced by plants to prevent herbivores from obtaining food and successfully colonize them. How this interaction plays out is determined by a set of complex molecular mechanisms that trigger physiological changes in plants to deter mites, and in mites to withstand deterrence and together these determine their degree of compatibility. We demonstrated that spider mites secrete specialized salivary proteins into plants that suppress plant defenses and therefore play a decisive role in the plant-mite interaction. To these proteins we refer as effectors (Villarroel et al. 2016; Jonckheere et al. 2016). Elucidating how effectors suppress plant defenses can aid plant resistance breeding and help to better understand plant-herbivore co-evolution.

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Petanovic, Radmila, Dejan Marcic e Biljana Vidovic. "Mite pests in plant crops: Current issues, inovative approaches and possibilities for controlling them". Pesticidi i fitomedicina 25, n. 1 (2010): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1001009p.

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In the middle of the last century, mites moved into the focus of attention as pests relevant to agriculture, forestry and landscape horticulture, presumably in direct reaction to the 'green revolution' that involved plant cultivation in large-plot monocropping systems, improved methods of cultivation, selection of high-yielding cultivars and intensified use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Agroecosystems in which phytophagous mites have become harmful organisms are primarily orchards, vineyards, greenhouses, urban greeneries, plant nurseries and stored plant products, as well as annual field crops to a somewhat lesser degree. Phytophagous mite species belong to a variety of spider mites (Tetranychidae), false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae), gall and rust mites (Eriophyoidae), tarsonemid mites (Tarsonemidae) and acarid mites (Acaridae). Most of these harmful species are widespread, some of them having more economic impact than others and being more detrimental as depending on various specificities of each outdoor agroecosystem in any particular climatic region. The first segment of this overview focuses on the most significant mite pests of agroecosystems and urban horticultural areas in European countries, our own region and in Serbia today, primarily on species that have caused problems in recent years regarding plant production, and it also discusses various molecular methods available for investigating different aspects of the biology of phytophagous mites. Also, acaricides are discussed as a method of controlling mite pests in the light of the current situation and trends on pesticide markets in Serbia and the European Union member-countries.

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Ozawa, Rika, Takeshi Shimoda, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Gen-ichiro Arimura, Jun-ichiro Horiuchi, Takaaki Nishioka e Junji Takabayashi. "Lotus japonicus Infested with Herbivorous Mites Emits Volatile Compounds That Attract Predatory Mites". Journal of Plant Research 113, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00013951.

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van den Boom, C. E. M., T. A. van Beek e M. Dicke. "Attraction of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) towards volatiles from various Tetranychus urticae-infested plant species". Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, n. 6 (dicembre 2002): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2002193.

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AbstractPlants infested with the spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, may indirectly defend themselves by releasing volatiles that attract the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot. Several plants from different plant families that varied in the level of spider mite acceptance were tested in an olfactometer. The predatory mites were significantly attracted to the spider mite-infested leaves of all test plant species. No differences in attractiveness of the infested plant leaves were found for predatory mites reared on spider mites on the different test plants or on lima bean. Thus, experience with the spider mite-induced plant volatiles did not affect the predatory mites. Jasmonic acid was applied to ginkgo leaves to induce a mimic of a spider mite-induced volatile blend, because the spider mites did not survive when incubated on ginkgo. The volatile blend induced in ginkgo by jasmonic acid was slightly attractive to predatory mites. Plants with a high degree of direct defence were thought to invest less in indirect defence than plants with a low degree of direct defence. However, plants that had a strong direct defence such as ginkgo and sweet pepper, did emit induced volatiles that attracted the predatory mite. This indicates that a combination of direct and indirect defence is to some extent compatible in plant species.

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Rozario, Shelley A. "Association between mites and leaf domatia: evidence from Bangladesh, South Asia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 11, n. 1 (febbraio 1995): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400008440.

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ABSTRACTMites use the leaf domatia of many woody plant species in Australasia and North America. Different types of leaf domatia, including pits, pockets and tuft domatia, are present among plant species in disturbed forests, plantations and gardens of Bangladesh in South Asia. These structures are frequently occupied by mites. Pooling across all species, domatia were often (66%) occupied by mites and used by them for shelter, egg-laying and development. On average, 70% of all mites on leaves were found in domatia, and over three-quarters of these were potentially beneficial (i.e. of predaceous or microbivorous taxa) to the plant. Further, when species were pooled across sites, leaves of domatia-bearing plants had significantly more predaceous mites than those of plants without domatia. These results are consistent with the patterns of mite-domatia association reported in Australasia, North America and North Asia and with predictions of mutualism between plants and mites.

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Sabelis, M. W., e R. Harmsen. "Special Issue Population dynamics of plant-inhabiting mites". Experimental & Applied Acarology 14, n. 3-4 (giugno 1992): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01200561.

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Marcic, Dejan. "Acaricides in modern management of plant-feeding mites". Journal of Pest Science 85, n. 4 (2 giugno 2012): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10340-012-0442-1.

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FLECHTMANN, CARLOS H. W. "Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in S o Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil". Zootaxa 708, n. 1 (29 ottobre 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.708.1.1.

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Two new species of phytophagous mites are described from Brachiaria ruziziensis (Poaceae), namely Catarhinus brachiariae n.sp. belonging to the Diptilomiopidae, and Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. a member of the Tetranychidae. New distribution records of other plant feeding mites in Brazil are also presented.

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Nishida, Sachiko, Akiyo Naiki e Takayoshi Nishida. "Morphological variation in leaf domatia enables coexistence of antagonistic mites in Cinnamomum camphora". Canadian Journal of Botany 83, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2005): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-152.

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We examined variation in Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl (Lauraceae) leaf domatium morphology with respect to domatium inhabitants in the tree's natural habitats. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that domatium morphology could be classified into four different types: pouch type, domatia with a narrow (about 0.06 mm) pubescent opening; pubescent pit type, domatia with a wider (about 0.21 mm) pubescent opening; glabrous pit type, domatia similar to the pubescent pit type but with a glabrous opening; and dish type, domatia with a wide (about 0.26 mm) glabrous opening. These four domatium types were found in different positions on a leaf, and domatia with narrower openings tended to occur in or near the position between the midrib and basal secondary veins. The four domatium types were associated, respectively, with herbivorous Eriophyidae mites and herbivorous or fungivorous Tarsonemidae mites; with carnivorous Stigmaeidae mites; with Stigmaeidae mites and egg shells or excuviae of carnivorous Phytoseiidae mites; and with egg shells or excuviae of Phytoseiidae mites. These results suggest that different mites use different domatia, even on the same C. camphora leaf. This conclusion may explain the different results in previous reports about domatium fauna. It suggests that ecological interactions within the plantherbivorecarnivore system are complicated.Key words: carnivorous mite, Cinnamomum camphora, domatia, herbivorous mite, inhabitant, morphology.

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Moraes, Vinicius de S., Samuel N. Nunes, Peterson R. Demite e Rodrigo D. Daud. "Vegetation structure define mite assemblage on plants: a case study in Cerrado biome". Entomological Communications 4 (1 settembre 2022): ec04029. http://dx.doi.org/10.37486/2675-1305.ec04029.

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We compared abundance and richness of mites on Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud. (Melastomataceae) found in Cerrado grassland (CGR) and in Cerrado sensu stricto (CSS), in order to evaluate the effect of plant physiognomy on mite assemblage structure, in the Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás State, Brazil, a biological reserve of Cerrado biome. In total, 453 mites of 45 species belonging to 14 families were collected. Stigmaeidae was the most abundant predatory mite family, represented by a single unidentified Agistemus species. Among phytophagous mites, species of Lorryia (Tydeidae) were the most common. Lorryia turrialbensis Baker, 1968 is reported for the first time on a Cerrado plant species. We concluded that the Cerrado phytophysiognomy can determine the organization of mite assemblages since CSS sheltered higher species richness and abundance of mites on M. albicans due to has more habitat complexity, species richness and abundance of plants than CGR. Therefore, CSS can provide more food resources, microhabitats for shelter and oviposition favoring the occurrence and populational development of plant mites.

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HAQ, M. A. "An in-depth study on the life stages of lohmanniid mite Lepidacarus ornatissimus Csiszar, 1961 (Acari: Oribatida)". Zoosymposia 22 (30 novembre 2022): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.118.

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The importance of oribatid mites in soil ecosystem for biodegradation of plant litter to increase soil fertility and crop development is a known fact. However, biodegradation of woody plant materials appears to be a difficult task to most mites. This study concentrated on the developmental biology of a mite which prefers plant material of woody nature.

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Feschotte, Cédric, Lakshmi Swamy e Susan R. Wessler. "Genome-Wide Analysis of mariner-Like Transposable Elements in Rice Reveals Complex Relationships With Stowaway Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs)". Genetics 163, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2003): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/163.2.747.

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Abstract Stowaway is a superfamily of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) that is widespread and abundant in plant genomes. Like other MITEs, however, its origin and mode of amplification are poorly understood. Several lines of evidence point to plant mariner-like elements (MLEs) as the autonomous partners of the nonautonomous Stowaway MITEs. To better understand this relationship, we have taken advantage of the nearly complete genome sequences of two rice subspecies to generate the first inventory of virtually all MLEs and Stowaway families coexisting in a single plant species. Thirty-four different MLEs were found to group into three major clades and 25 families. More than 22,000 Stowaway MITEs were identified and classified into 36 families. On the basis of detailed sequence comparisons, MLEs were confirmed to be the best candidate autonomous elements for Stowaway MITEs. Surprisingly, however, sequence similarity between MLE and Stowaway families was restricted to the terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and, in a few cases, to adjacent subterminal sequences. These data suggest a model whereby most of the Stowaway MITEs in rice were cross-mobilized by MLE transposases encoded by distantly related elements.

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Araújo, Walter, Érica Freitas, Ján Kollár, Rodrigo Pessoa, Paulo Corgosinho, Henrique Valério, Luiz Falcão et al. "Host Specialization in Plant-galling Interactions: Contrasting Mites and Insects". Diversity 11, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11100180.

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Galling arthropods represent one of the most specialized herbivore groups. On an evolutionary scale, different taxa of insects and mites have convergently adapted to a galling lifestyle. In this study, we have used a multi-taxonomic approach to analyze the interaction specialization between gall-inducing mites and insects and their host plants in the Nitra City Park (Nitra, Slovakia). We used four ecological descriptors for describe plant-galling interactions: number of host plant species used by each arthropod species, galling specificity on host plant species (specificity), exclusivity of interactions between galling and plant species (specialization) and overlap of the interactions between arthropod species (similarity). We have found 121 species of gall-inducing arthropods, totaling 90 insects and 31 mites occurring on 65 host plant species. Our results reveal that mites have high specialization and low similarity of interactions in comparison to insects. A multiple-taxonomic comparison showed that these differences are triggered by gall-wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), the taxon with the lowest levels of specificity of plant-galling interactions (i.e., occurring on different host plant species). Our findings are indicative of different patterns of interaction between distinct gall-inducing arthropods taxa and their host plants, despite the ecological convergence of different taxa to a highly specialized herbivorous habitat.

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Marić, Ivana, Dejean Marčić, Radmila Petanović e Philippe Auger. "Biodiversity of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Serbia: a review, new records and key to all known species". Acarologia 58, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2017): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184223.

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Despite the economic importance of spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), data on their biodiversity are scarce in some regions of Europe, such as Balkan Peninsula and particularly in Serbia. In this country, according to the Spider Mites Web database, only 17 spider mite species belonging to seven genera have been reported. This study provides a review of the Serbian literature dealing with spider mites species recorded in Serbia and presents results of a four-year faunistic survey in which spider mites were collected on cultivated plants and native vegetation throughout the country. In the survey, a total of 23 species were recorded, including six species new to Serbian acarofauna: Bryobia praetiosa, Eotetranychus aceri, E. fraxini, E. pruni, Panonychus citri and Tetranychus evansi. Together with previously reported data, it raises the number of known spider mite species in Serbia to 36. A total of 90 host plant species from 21 families that are favorable to spider mites were recorded in this study; there were 62 new host records for 20 spider mite species with 11 records of new plant species as hosts of spider mites. There were 63 new records for Serbia among host plant species, raising the number of Serbian hosts for tetranychid mites to 137. The spider mite species new to Serbian acarofauna were found on 17 newly recorded host plants from 11 families. A key to all known spider mites species from Serbia is provided.

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Oi, David H., e Ronald F. L. Mau. "Control of Broad Mites, 1988:". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1989): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.134.

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Abstract Broad mite infested pepper plants were transplanted into 6-inch pots, 5 wk after initial planting (8 Jul). Treatments were assigned according to a randomized block design, with blocks designated on the basis of plant similarity, and the degree of broad mite infestations. Infestations were determined on 18 Jul, with 5 out of 6 blocks having at least 10 broad mites, including eggs, on the leaves of the apical terminal bud for each plant. The plants in the remaining block were each infested with fewer than 10 mites. Pots were placed outdoors on a wire bench and were watered daily without wetting the foliage after treatments were applied. Treatments were applied until run off on 19 Jul with a hand-held CO2 sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were cut at the base on 27 Jul and washed individually in water using a screen sieve (U.S.A. Standard No. 200) to recover mites. All stages of broad mites, except eggs, were counted to evaluate the treatments.

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Walter, DE. "Leaf Surface-Structure and the Distribution of Phytoseius Mites (Acarina, Phytoseiidae) in South-Eastern Australian Forests". Australian Journal of Zoology 40, n. 6 (1992): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920593.

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Habitat structure, at a scale at which we do not normally perceive it, can be an important determinant of species diversity and distribution in arboreal mites. Phytoseiid mites (1552 individuals) collected from the leaves of 75 species of woody plants from 55 forest sites between Noosa Head, Queensland and the Hartz Mountains, Tasmania were found to represent 28 species in four genera: Phytoseius, Typhlodromus, Amblyseius and Iphiseius. About half (38) of the plant species from which phytoseiid mites were collected had leaves with well-developed coverings of hairs on their abaxial surfaces, especially along the veins. Species in the genus Phytoseius were the most abundant mites (46.4% of total), and they were almost entirely restricted to leaves with well-developed tomenta (714 of 720 Phytoseius mites collected from 34 of 38 plant species with hairy leaves). In a test of these observations at three sites in Victoria, phytoseiid mites in general were more abundant on leaves with well-developed tomenta, but only Phytoseius mites were restricted to hairy leaves.

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Situngu, Sivuyisiwe, Nigel P. Barker e Susanne Vetter. "A Snap-Shot of Domatial Mite Diversity of Coffea arabica in Comparison to the Adjacent Umtamvuna Forest in South Africa". Diversity 12, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020079.

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Abstract (sommario):

Some plant species possess structures known as leaf domatia, which house mites. The association between domatia-bearing plants and mites has been proposed to be mutualistic, and has been found to be important in species of economic value, such as grapes, cotton, avocado and coffee. This is because leaf domatia affect the distribution, diversity and abundance of predatory and mycophagous mites found on the leaf surface. As a result, plants are thought to benefit from increased defence against pathogens and small arthropod herbivores. This study assesses the relative diversity and composition of mites on an economically important plant host (Coffea aribica) in comparison to mites found in a neighbouring indigenous forest in South Africa. Our results showed that the coffee plantations were associated with only predatory mites, some of which are indigenous to South Africa. This indicates that coffee plantations are able to be successfully colonised by indigenous beneficial mites. We also found an “edge effect”, in that coffee trees at the edge of the plantation hosted fewer mite species. These results are a snap-shot from a single sampling period. Nonetheless, they highlight the potential importance of this mutualism in commercial crop species and the possible role of faunal exchanges between indigenous and exotic crop species. This study expands our understanding of the mite–plant mutualism in Southern Africa, a region where acarological studies are sparse.

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Sidorchuk, Ekaterina A., e Alexander A. Khaustov. "Two Eocene species of peacock mites (Acari: Tetranychoidea: Tuckerellidae)". Acarologia 58, n. 1 (26 gennaio 2018): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184228.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tuckerellidae are suctorial plant feeders with a wide host range, exploiting both aboveground and underground plant parts. A new species, Tuckerella weiterschani n. sp., is described from Eocene (ca. 40 mya) Baltic amber, and Tuckerella fossilibus Khaustov, Sergeyenko and Perkovsky, 2014 from Eocene Rovno (Ukrainian) amber is redescribed, each based on single holotype specimens. The two mites are morphologically distinct, with most striking differences concerning posterior, H-row of idiosomal setae. Tuckerella fossilibus has unusually large, obovate setae h1, while the other, setae in H-row are robust and fagellate with three different lengths. The new species, T. weiterschani, has small, narrowly lanceolate setae h1, while flagellate h2–h8 are fine, filiform and similar in length. Setae h1–h8 in the holotype of T. weiterschani are held erect and directed forward over the mite’s body, in a position reminiscent of the apparently defensive posture displayed by recent Tuckerella species. Tarsal setations of the two fossils and comparison with those of the recent Tuckerellidae advances discussion on the evolutionary significance of setal variation in acariform mites.

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Seeman, OD. "Flower Mites and Phoresy: the Biology of Hattena Panopla Domrow and Hattena Cometis Domrow (Acari:Mesostigmata:Ameroseiidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology 44, n. 2 (1996): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960193.

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Two flower-inhabiting ameroseiid mites exhibited different degrees of host specificity; Hattena panopla occurred only in Bruguiera gymnorhiza, but Hattena cometis occurred in Aegiceras corniculatum, Castanospermum australe, Dendrophthoe vitellina, Erythrina variegara, Aloe sp. and Amyema sp. Both species of mite consumed nectar and probably pollen in the laboratory. Flowers of B. gymnorhiza were short lived and senesced after about 5 days. Most H. panopla inhabited the flower for 1-3 days and relied on birds for transport between flowers, but could move from flower to flower via plant stems and were found on ants visiting dying flowers. H. panopla responded to an aging flower by moving out of the petals onto the calyx. All post-larval stages of H. panopla were phoretic; many immature mites of both species dispersed by climbing onto the dorsal surface of dispersing adult mites. The dispersal of immature mites and the behavioural response of H. panopla to flower age were considered to be adaptations to the mite's ephemeral habitat. Adult female H. cometis and adult male and female H. panopla had sucker-like ambulacra that lacked claws, a probable adaptation for phoresy.

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27

Buschman, L. L. "Control of Spider Mites and Second-Generation Corn Borers, 1988". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1989): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.194.

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Abstract This experiment was conducted in sprinkler-irrigated corn in Finney County, Kans. Treatments were applied with a Bull Thrush 1820 fixed-wing plane (wing span, 451/2 ft), flying 130 mph using Spraying Systems 3 hollow-cone nozzles at 22 psi and delivering a volume of 2 gal/acre. All plots were 3 plane swaths wide (except for 1 control plot, which was 2 plane swaths wide) (75 rows or 188 ft) and oriented east-west. The treatments were applied 30 Jul when the temperature was 82°F and the wind was 5 mph out of the west-southwest. Three treatments and a control were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. BGM, mostly large adult females, were counted weekly by searching the leaves of 5 flagged plants in the central part of each plot 28 Jul through 18 Aug. SWCB and ECB evaluations were made 8 and 9 Sep by dissecting 25 plants/plot (5 consecutive corn plants next to each flagged plant). Larvae were recorded by species for each plant.

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28

Nazer, I. K., e A. Al-Abbadi. "Control of Varroa Mite (Varroa destructor) on Honeybees by Aromatic Oils and Plant Materials". Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 8, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2003): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol8iss1pp15-20.

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Abstract (sommario):

The effect of several volatile plant oils, plant materials and fluvalinate (Apistan®) strips on the control of the mite Varroa destructor on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies was studied. The volatile oils were: clove, lavender, peppermint, sage, and thyme. The plant materials were: cumin fruits, eucalyptus leaves, and worm wood flowers. For each tested material, three treatment periods were carried out. Each period lasted for 24 days followed by eight days no-treatment. Within each treatment period, an average of three to six treatments were applied. Dead mites were counted one hour before and after each treatment. An increase in dead mites was recorded for the three treatment periods. It indicated that worm wood flowers, peppermint oil and clove oil treatments gave the best results in the control of Varroa mites but not significantly different than the control. The overall increase in the dead mites was 3.92, 3.62 and 3.34 fold, respectively.

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29

Mägi, E., T. Järvis e I. Miller. "Effects of Different Plant Products against Pig Mange Mites". Acta Veterinaria Brno 75, n. 2 (2006): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200675020283.

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The objective of this study was to determine the antiparasitic efficiency of herbal-based products. Four medicinal plant species extracts in 10% ethanol solutions (hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden, mugwort Artemisia vulgaris L., tansy Tanacetum vulgare L., wormwood Artemisia absinthium L.), and seven essential medicinal ethereal oils used in 1% emulsions (garlic Allium sativum L., black pepper Piper nigrum L., juniper Juniperus communis L., citronella grass Cymbopogon nardus Rendle, pennyroyal Mentha pulegium L., eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus Labill., tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia Gheel) were tested a on pig farm in Estonia to control swine sarcoptic mange mites (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis (L. 1758) Latreille, 1802). Trial groups (6 pigs each) were treated over the whole body twice, with one week interval in between; one group was left as untreated control. All the preparations used inhibited the development of and were more or less lethal to mange mites. Tea tree and citronella volatile oil preparations proved to be the most effective (viability of mites < 5% in 4 weeks). The most active extract of tested ethanol solutions was obtained from hogweed seeds: after two treatments of pigs, 57-93% of parasites died in 2-4 weeks. The extracts of local plants tansy and wormwood diminished the number of mites up to 44% within the first week after treatments. The results indicate that plant extracts may be further tested in practice as alternatives to drugs of synthetic origin.

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30

Kiss, E., Á. Szénási, A. Neményi e J. Kontschán. "Can we use the predatory mites against the invasive bamboo pest spider mites?" Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 52, n. 1 (giugno 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/038.52.2017.014.

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31

Wulff, Jason, Mahnaz Kiani, Karly Regan, Micky Eubanks e Adrianna Szczepaniec. "Neonicotinoid Insecticides Alter the Transcriptome of Soybean and Decrease Plant Resistance". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n. 3 (12 febbraio 2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030783.

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Abstract (sommario):

Neonicotinoids are widely used systemic insecticides that have been associated with spider mite outbreaks on diverse plants. These insecticides have complex effects on plant physiology, which have been speculated to drive enhanced performance of spider mites. We used RNA-Seq to explore how neonicotinoids modify gene expression in soybean thereby lowering plant resistance. We exposed soybean (Glycine max L.) to two neonicotinoid insecticides, thiamethoxam applied to seeds and imidacloprid applied as a soil drench, and we exposed a subset of these plants to spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus). Applications of both insecticides downregulated genes involved in plant—pathogen interactions, phytohormone pathways, phenylpropanoid pathway, and cell wall biosynthesis. These effects were especially pronounced in plants exposed to thiamethoxam. Introduction of spider mites restored induction of genes in these pathways in plants treated with imidacloprid, while expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis, in particular, remained downregulated in thiamethoxam-treated plants. Our outcomes indicate that both insecticides suppress genes in pathways relevant to plant–arthropod interactions, and suppression of genes involved in cell wall synthesis may explain lower plant resistance to spider mites, cell-content feeders. These effects appear to be particularly significant when plants are exposed to neonicotinoids applied to soybean seeds.

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32

Macko-Podgórni, Alicja, Gabriela Machaj e Dariusz Grzebelus. "A Global Landscape of Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Elements in the Carrot Genome". Genes 12, n. 6 (3 giugno 2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060859.

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Abstract (sommario):

Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are the most abundant group of Class II mobile elements in plant genomes. Their presence in genic regions may alter gene structure and expression, providing a new source of functional diversity. Owing to their small size and lack of coding capacity, the identification of MITEs has been demanding. However, the increasing availability of reference genomes and bioinformatic tools provides better means for the genome-wide identification and analysis of MITEs and for the elucidation of their contribution to the evolution of plant genomes. We mined MITEs in the carrot reference genome DH1 using MITE-hunter and developed a curated carrot MITE repository comprising 428 families. Of the 31,025 MITE copies spanning 10.34 Mbp of the carrot genome, 54% were positioned in genic regions. Stowaways and Tourists were frequently present in the vicinity of genes, while Mutator-like MITEs were relatively more enriched in introns. hAT-like MITEs were relatively more frequently associated with transcribed regions, including untranslated regions (UTRs). Some carrot MITE families were shared with other Apiaceae species. We showed that hAT-like MITEs were involved in the formation of new splice variants of insertion-harboring genes. Thus, carrot MITEs contributed to the accretion of new diversity by altering transcripts and possibly affecting the regulation of many genes.

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33

De Lillo, Enrico, Onofrio Panzarino, Pamela Loverre, Domenico Valenzano, Chiara Mattia, Francesca Marini, Matthew Augé e Massimo Cristofaro. "New eriophyoid mites from Italy. IV. Mites associated with weed plants". Systematic and Applied Acarology 22, n. 12 (29 dicembre 2017): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.12.15.

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Geographical surveys of plant feeders on weeds are essential for finding species which can be studied as classical biological control agents of alien plants. Four eriophyoid species have been collected on well-known weeds surveyed on the Italian territory. A new species, Aceria verbenacae sp. nov., was found on leaf and stem deformations of Salvia verbenaca L. (Lamiaceae) and is described and illustrated. Two Phyllocoptinae species were found for the first time in Italy: Aculus mosoniensis (Ripka & Érsek) comb. nov. and Metaculus rapistri Carmona. Aculus mosoniensis was collected on leaf deformations of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), whereas M. rapistri was collected on leaf and stem deformations of Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae). Finally, Aceria drabae (Nalepa) was found on deformed leaves and stems of Lepidium draba L. (Brassicaceae) in central Italy. Its previous record in Friuli Venezia Giulia was based only on symptoms observed on the host plants. Three last species are described and illustrated in details to allow morphological comparisons along with previous reports.

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34

XU, XUENONG, XIAOHUAN JIANG e ENDONG WANG. "Application of phytoseiid mites in China and an analysis of its problems". Zoosymposia 4, n. 1 (30 giugno 2010): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.4.1.20.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mass application of pesticides has caused more severe damage to plants by small-sized plant-juice-sucking pest insects and mites, for whose control predatory mites embrace great potential. In China, a large quantity of research work has been conducted in their biology, ecology, and mass rearing as well as application of predatory mites in biological control. Some issues existing in the application of predatory mites in China is discussed in this article.

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35

Toldi, Maicon, Noeli Juarez Ferla, Darliane Evangelho Silva, Priscila de Andrade Rode, Anderson de Azevedo Meira e Enrico de Lillo. "Could phytoseiid mites impair biological control of the invasive plant, Ailanthus altissima?" Acarologia 62, n. 4 (6 settembre 2022): 892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/2o0d-2ri4.

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Abstract (sommario):

Aculus taihangensis is a potential biological control agent of Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle. However, predatory mites found in Europe may affect the action of this eriophyid agent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biology of two predatory mites, Euseius stipulatus and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) exhilaratus, feeding on A. taihangensis. Rearing stocks were maintained in germination chambers at 25 ± 1 °C, with 12 hours of photophase and relative humidity 70 ± 5%. Of 40 individualized T. (T.) exhilaratus eggs, only 37.5% achieved adulthood, while viability of E. stipulatus was 87.5%. The mean fecundity was 18 eggs/ female. Both predatory mites evaluated in this study feed on A. taihangensis. However, only E. stipulatus seems to be an efficient predator, capable of controlling A. taihangensis.

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36

Lara, Carlos, e Juan Francisco Ornelas. "Flower mites and nectar production in six hummingbird-pollinated plants with contrasting flower longevities". Canadian Journal of Botany 80, n. 11 (1 novembre 2002): 1216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-109.

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Abstract (sommario):

Hummingbird flower mites and hummingbirds may compete intensely for the nectar secreted by their host plants. Here, we present the results from field experiments in which flower mites were excluded from flowers of six hummingbird-pollinated plants with contrasting flower longevities. Nectar measurements were taken on flowers from which mites were excluded and those without mite exclusion over their lifespans. The exclusion of mites had a significant positive effect on the amount of nectar available in plants with long-lived flowers. In contrast, nectar availability in short-lived flowers was not significantly reduced after mite exclusion. The significance of the mite-exclusion treatment was independent of floral morph and flower age. Results also suggest that the magnitude of the mite-exclusion treatment depends on the volume of nectar produced by the flower throughout its lifetime. The treatment effect was detected when nectar consumption, presumably by flower mites, exceeded 13% of the nectar produced by the flowers; nectar availability was not significantly reduced when nectar volume was < 7 µL per flower. It appears that flower mites consume proportionately more nectar in long-lived flowers than in short-lived flowers. Parasitic hummingbird flower mites seem to be preferentially taking advantage of plant-pollinator interactions in which flowers last several days and produce large volumes of nectar. The consequences of this finding concerning planthummingbirdmite interactions await further investigation. As a working hypothesis, we propose that nectar production has increased over evolutionary time not only by the selective pressures imposed by the pollinators, but also to compensate for the reduction they suffer after exploitation by nectar robbers and thieves such as flower mites.Key words: Ascidae, flower longevity, hummingbird pollination, multiple-species interactions, mutualism exploitation, nectar theft.

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37

Hu, Qi-Qi, Xin-Yue Yu, Xiao-Feng Xue, Xiao-Yue Hong, Jian-Ping Zhang e Jing-Tao Sun. "Phylogenetic-Related Divergence in Perceiving Suitable Host Plants among Five Spider Mites Species (Acari: Tetranychidae)". Insects 13, n. 8 (5 agosto 2022): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13080705.

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Abstract (sommario):

Spider mites belonging to the genus Tetranychus infest many important agricultural crops in both fields and greenhouses worldwide and are diversified in their host plant range. How spider mites perceive their suitable host plants remains not completely clear. Here, through two-host-choice designs (bean vs. tomato, and bean vs. eggplant), we tested the efficacies of the olfactory and gustatory systems of five spider mite species (T. urticae, T. truncatus, T. pueraricola, T. piercei, and T. evansi), which differ in host plant range in sensing their suitable host plant, by Y-tube olfactometer and two-choice disc experiments. We found that spider mites cannot locate their suitable host plants by volatile odours from a long distance, but they can use olfactory sensation in combination with gustatory sensation to select suitable host plants at a short distance. Highly polyphagous species displayed strong sensitivity in sensing suitable host plants rather than the lowered sensitivity we expected. Intriguingly, our principal component analyses (PCAs) showed that the similarity among five spider mite species in the performance of perceiving suitable host plants was highly correlated with their relative phylogenetic relationships, suggesting a close relationship between the chemosensing system and the speciation of spider mites. Our results highlight the necessity of further work on the chemosensing system in relation to host plant range and speciation of spider mites.

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38

Tutun, Hidayet, Nafiye Koç e Asım Kart. "Plant Essential Oils Used Against Some Bee Diseases". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, n. 1 (3 febbraio 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i1.34-45.1502.

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Abstract (sommario):

The most common honey bee diseases are American foulbrood (AFB) caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, Chalkbrood caused by fungus Ascosphaera apis and diseases caused by parasitic mites such as Acarapis woodi, Varroa destructor. These diseases and pests not only cause economic loss but also cause ecological problems related to the role of honey bees, as the most important pollinators on Earth. Synthetic acaricides and antibiotics are used to keep the diseases and mites in control. Use of the drugs lead to the development of drug-resistant organisms, detrimental effect on non-target organisms and the residue problem in bee products. For this reasons, the need for alternative control methods has become compulsory in recent years. It has been known that some plant oils used widely in perfumery and food industry for flavor and smell have been used as repellent to certain insects, bactericide and fungicide. Therefore, intensive studies have been carried out on plants with anti-mites, antibacterial and antifungal potentials and these studies are still going on. Recently, studies in this area have shown that essential oils of plants such as thyme, cloves, mint, lemon grass, cinnamon, grapefruit, rosemary, marigold, are lethal to some mites, bacteria and fungi. In addition, it has been reported that some components, isolated from these plants such as sanguinarine, thymoquinone, capsaicin, carvacrol, citral, eugenol, thymol, show these effects on the organisms. As a result, in countries rich in biodiversity due to endemic plant species, the essential oils used in control of these diseases should be favored instead of or in combination with conventional drugs in integrated the disease management programs because of the lack of harmful effects of essential oils on non-target organisms and environment.

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39

Dar, Mohd Yaqoob, Asha Singh, R. J. Rao e G. K. Ramegowda. "Mites and their interaction with Mulberry Plant-A Review". Invertis Journal of Science & Technology 11, n. 1 (2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-762x.2018.00004.5.

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40

Grabovska, S. L., I. I. Mykolaiko, V. P. Mykolaiko e T. M. Myronyuk. "Diversity structure of phytoseiid mites in urban plant habitats". Acta Biologica Sibirica 5, n. 1 (19 febbraio 2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i1.5378.

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Abstract (sommario):

We founded that E. finlandicus and K. aberrans formed the nucleus of Phytoseiidae community on the plants of urbanized environment in the result of study of 93 plant species (55 species of tree-and-shrub (58.9%) and 38 species of herbaceous plants (41.1%). Our research was carried out in plantations along the main and secondary municipal highways, near residential area and industrial buildings, on private plots of the private building area, in city parks and squares of Kyiv, Uman, Brovary, and Vasylkiv (Ukraine). The peculiarities of their distribution among urban plant associations, which differ from each other by different characteristics (population, area, degree of urbanization) were determined. Both species - E. finlandicus and K. aberrans have a rather extended range of indicators of relative biotope contiguity (-0.91<Fij<0.43 and -0.93Fij<0.96) that indicated their property to inhabit large number of plants. The indicator of K. aberrans occurrence, which was the highest in the city with the smallest degree of urbanization (Vasylkiv), decreased in the city with the maximum possible degree of urbanization (Kyiv). This indicator of E. finlandicus on the contrary increased along the gradient from a smaller city to the metropolitan city. K. aberrans inhabit a large number of plant species (33 species), while preferred plants from Rosacea family. E. finlandicus dominated by number of urban plant species it inhabited (75 species, 79.78%), absolute number of individuals in collected samples of predatory mites (504), occurrences index (Is = 74.49%), and by index of Palii-Kovnatsi (Di = 51.42%). The dominance of E. finlandicus species was registered in both groups of plants. The distribution of Phytoseiidae’s was primarily connected with the possibility of their movement along the surface of the substrate. Speed of mites moving was not the same in different species and depended on their morphology and plant morphology. Both species lived and laid eggs on the underside of the leaf. K. aberrans was more commonly found near the central vein of the leaf, while E. finlandicus was observed more evenly on the leaf plate, which can be explained by it higher vagility. K. aberrans could inhabit high number on fruit varieties of plants with pubescence leaves. Morphological features of plant leaves did not affect the spread of E. finlandicus species, therefore, they could be considered more "universal". However, it reached a higher quantity on the plants with a smooth surface of a leaf plate. Certain temperature, illumination regime, air and soil humidity caused the differences in mites spreading at various habitats.

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41

Schausberger, Peter. "Saito, Y.: Plant mites and sociality—diversity and evolution". Experimental and Applied Acarology 52, n. 4 (19 ottobre 2010): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-010-9409-1.

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42

Sudo, Masaaki, e Masahiro Osakabe. "Do plant mites commonly prefer the underside of leaves?" Experimental and Applied Acarology 55, n. 1 (7 aprile 2011): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-011-9454-4.

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43

Karlik, J., e P. Wollesen. "Spider Mites in Rose Plant Fields, Wasco, Ca, 1993". Arthropod Management Tests 19, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1994): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.334a.

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44

Karlik, J., e C. A. Harwood. "Spider Mites in Rose Plant Fields, Wasco, Ca, 1992". Arthropod Management Tests 19, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1994): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.336.

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45

Solo, Katherine M., Sara B. Collins, Liesel G. Schneider, M. R. Hajimorad, Frank A. Hale, John B. Wilkerson, Alan S. Windham e Mark T. Windham. "Evaluation of Floral Cuts on Eriophyid Mite Retention on Knock Out and Multiflora Rose Cuttings". Plant Health Progress 20, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2019): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-12-18-0080-rs.

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Abstract (sommario):

Current eriophyid mite quantification techniques require transportation of the Rosa spp. cuttings to the laboratory. It is thought that the change in xylem hydraulic conductance within the cut cane could trigger the mites to abandon their host, owing to the changes to the microenvironments that these mites are inhabiting. An experiment was conducted to determine the necessity of floral cuts (reducing stem embolisms by an additional cut underwater) for the retention of eriophyid mites during transit. Four groups of plants (rose rosette virus (RRV)-free Knock Out roses, RRV-infected Knock Out roses, RRV-free multiflora roses, and RRV-infected multiflora roses) were evaluated at different time intervals (0.5, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postharvest) to assess mite populations on each plant (number of mites per gram of tissue). Cut type (floral or dry cut) and rose species were found not to have a significant effect on the number of mites per gram of tissue found, indicating that floral cuts are not needed for accurately estimating eriophyid mite populations. Rose cuttings infected with RRV were found to have an average of 46 times more mites per gram in comparison with RRV-free cuttings.

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46

KLIMOV, PAVEL B., PHILIPP E. CHETVERIKOV, SAMUEL J. BOLTON e ANDREY V. TOLSTIKOV. "Phylogenomic resolution of the eriophyoid position among Acari and symbiotic bacteria of the gall‑inducing mite Fragariocoptes setiger (Eriophyoidea)". Zoosymposia 22 (30 novembre 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.61.

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Abstract (sommario):

Eriophyoid mites are ancient and widely distributed microscopic plant symbionts, with 4,400 nominal species. Some eriophyoid mites can induce galls in their plant hosts, but the mechanism of gall induction is not well understood. One hypothesis suggests that associated bacteria may enhance the production of phytohormones by gall-inducing arthropods. The phylogenetic position of Eriophyoidea is also a contentious issue.

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47

Kersten, Anne-Katrin, Carmen Büttner e Peter Lentzsch. "Determination of spider mite abundance in soil of field-grown cucumbers and in plants under predatory mite pressure in invasive infestations using HRM real-time PCR assay". PLOS ONE 17, n. 7 (14 luglio 2022): e0270068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270068.

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Abstract (sommario):

The two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch L. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a plant pest that can lead to severe economic losses in open field cucumber cultivation. Between 2017 and 2019 we studied the abundance of spider mites in the soil to estimate the potential infestation pressure of soil colonizing spider mites. The spider mites were heterogeneously distributed in small concentrations in the soil. Soil colonizing spider mites did not affect spider mite abundance on plants and reversed. We observed that spider mite migration occurred primarily from the edge of the field adjacent to the weed strip. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the efficacy of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) for suppressing spider mite hotspots in the cropland. We compared untreated spider mite hotspots with N. californicus treated hotspots and showed that a single release of predatory mites could result in a high level of control when spider mite infestation density was initially high. With this study, soil can be ruled out as a habitat for spider mites, and attention to spider mite pest control can be directed to plant infestations. The highly sensitive HRM real-time PCR assay was used for the quantification of the spider mites.

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48

Walzer, A., K. Moder e P. Schausberger. "Spatiotemporal within-plant distribution of the spider miteTetranychus urticaeand associated specialist and generalist predators". Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, n. 5 (21 gennaio 2009): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006494.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractPredators are important determinants of the spatiotemporal distribution of prey within a given habitat. The predator effects may vary with diet specialisation, the associated risk posed to prey and, if multiple predators are present, the predator-predator interactions. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution of the herbivorous spider miteTetranychus urticaeand the associated specialist and generalist predatorsPhytoseiulus persimilisandNeoseiulus californicuson bean plants.Tetranychus urticaeis a key pest on numerous agricultural crops. Both predators are used singly and in combination for biological control of spider mites. Population development and within-plant distribution of the spider mites and the predators were compared among five treatments:T. urticaewithout predators, with either predator alone and with both predators in combination at full and half densities. The spider mites were suppressed to zero density in both predator combination treatments but not in the single predator treatments. The predators determined the spatiotemporal distribution of the spider mites through density- and behaviour-mediated effects, and these effects were linked to diet specialisation. The specialistP. persimilisexerted stronger density-mediated effects on the spider mite distribution than did the generalistN. californicus. Either predator induced in the spider mites early upward migration on plants. The predators also affected each other's distribution. The aggregation level ofN. californicuswas lowered byP. persimilisbut notvice versa. In combination, the predators were more dispersed than when alone, reducing the predator-free space and leading to the local extinction ofT. urticae.

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49

De Araújo, Walter Santos, Érica Vanessa Durães De Freitas, Luana Teixeira Silveira e Rodrigo Damasco Daud. "Network structure of interactions between phytophagous mites and their host-plants in natural ecosystems in Brazil". Systematic and Applied Acarology 25, n. 5 (15 maggio 2020): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.25.5.4.

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Abstract (sommario):

Phytophagous mites represent a diverse group of Arachnida, however, the patterns of their interactions with their host plants remain little explored. Herein we compare structural patterns of plant-phytophagous mite networks of forest and open habitats in Brazil. We adopted network size, network connectance and network modularity to characterize plant-mite network structure. We analyzed 11 plant-mite networks composed by 106 mite species, 96 host-plant species, and 342 distinct interactions. Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae were the most speciose mite families while Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae were the most relevant host-plant families, hosting 67 and 16 mite species, respectively. We did not find any differences in network size and modularity between biomes and habitat types. However, network connectance was lower for open vegetation habitats than for forest habitat networks. Open areas can constrain the selection of defensive traits by plant species, leading phytophagous mites to consume plant species more selectively, which generates low connectivity in networks of these environments. The small number of plant-mite networks described here highlights the need for more efforts to increase knowledge about plant mites in Brazilian natural vegetation.

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NAVIA, DENISE, MERCIA ELIAS DUARTE e CARLOS H. W. FLECHTMANN. "Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata) from Brazil: an annotated checklist". Zootaxa 4997, n. 1 (7 luglio 2021): 1–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4997.1.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

The superfamily Eriophyoidea constitute a group of phytophagous mites of particular economic and evolutionary interest due to their intimate association with host plants and their agricultural importance as harmful or beneficial organisms. Studies on the Eriophyoidea fauna in Brazil started in the early 1900s with botanical works on cecidias and were continued with researchers looking for and reporting on eriophyid mites causing damage to agricultural crops. Therefore, in this annotated checklist, we compile information from just over a century on eriophyid mites reported or described from Brazil. Its purpose is to facilitate plant protection strategies and guide future work on this important group of phytophagous mites. In addition to taxonomy, we present information on host plants and general aspects of cecidia attributed to eriophyoid mites but without genus/species identification. Compilation was based on: i) literature, including papers, books, theses and congress/symposium publications; ii) specimens deposited in mite collections in Brazil. On each species we present: i) suprageneric/generic classification, synonyms and previous genus/era assignments, including references on original and/or additional descriptions; ii) type host plant and other host(s) plant(s) found in the country; iii) host relationships and remarks on symptoms; iv) localities of occurrences at States/Federal District and municipal levels; and v) host plant status in Brazil as well as biomes where they occur or are cultivated. A total of 234 valid eriophyoid mite species are recorded: 196 Eriophyidae, 20 Diptilomiopidae and 18 Phytoptidae, distributed in 92 genera. Host plants comprised 233 species, belonging to 141 genera and 56 plant families. Four new reports of eriophyoid mites in Brazil are presented based on specimens deposited in reference collections. A new combination is presented for Propeaciota secundum (Flechtmann, Amrine & Stasny) in the genus Khanthongella. In addition, data on observations and descriptions of 67 cecidias attributed to eriophyoid mites in five states and on 21 plant families are presented. Geographically, the distribution of species reports of eriophyoids around Brazil is highly uneven, with more than 64% of species (151 spp.) in the Southeast region, which surely reflects a lack of research elsewhere. Regarding host plant specificity, 77.7% are reported on only one host species, 88.9% on one host genus and 98.3% on one host family. Regarding host status 64.1% of species are exclusively associated with native host plants, 27% with naturalized or exotic cultivated host plants, and 6.4% from both native and naturalized or exotic host plants.

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