Articoli di riviste: "Plant gas exchange"

1

Sperry, John S. "Hydraulic constraints on plant gas exchange". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 104, n. 1 (luglio 2000): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(00)00144-1.

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Huang, Guang-Ming, Ying-Ning Zou, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Yong-Jie Xu e Kamil Kuča. "Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts". Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 6 (23 giugno 2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/240/2020-pse.

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Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO2 concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

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Souza, Gustavo M., Steven M. Pincus e José Alberto F. Monteiro. "The complexity-stability hypothesis in plant gas exchange under water deficit". Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, n. 4 (dicembre 2005): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202005000400004.

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We hypothesized that more complex, i.e. irregular, temporal dynamics and a more interconnected overall network supports greater stability to gas exchange parameters (herein, CO2 net assimilation and transpiration) in plants under water deficit. To test this hypothesis two genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris were subjected to a period of absence of irrigation, and subsequent rewatering to achieve recovery. Gas exchanges parameters were measured each 10 s during 6 h to obtain time series to evaluate complexity by Approximate Entropy (ApEn) calculations, and network connectance in each water regime. Notably, the Jalo Precoce genotype showed significantly more stability than the Guarumbé genotype under system perturbation, coincident with greater irregularity in each gas exchange parameter and greater overall connectance for Jalo Precoce. This conclusion is consistent with other observations of greater homeostasis in more complex networks, seen in broad contexts such as cardiac rhythms and respiratory dynamics

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Proietti, P., F. Famiani e A. Tombesi. "Gas Exchange in Olive Fruit". Photosynthetica 36, n. 3 (1 agosto 1999): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1007028220042.

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Solomos, Theophanes. "Principles of Gas Exchange in Bulky Plant Tissues". HortScience 22, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.766.

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Abstract Determination of diffusivity of gases in bulky plant tissues is of both theoretical and practical interest. For instance, a precise knowledge of O2 diffusion is needed for studying the nature of “oxidases” that may be involved in fruit respiration and also for predicting minimum O2 levels that can be safely used in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Further, a precise knowledge of the internal concentration of ethylene may be useful in determining the maturity of apples before harvest (15). Principles and techniques used for determining resistance to gas diffusion in bulky plant organs, and some practical applications for CA storage of apples are presented here.

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BABIDORICH, M. I., P. S. PENKOVA e O. A. REUTOVA. "OPTIMAL REALIZATION HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE PROCESSES OF GAS FRACTIONATION". Applied Mathematics and Fundamental Informatics 6, n. 4 (2019): 039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2311-4908-2019-6-4-39-45.

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He article presents a study of gas fractionating plant, which is associated with the problem of high energy consumption for heating and cooling of technological flows. To solve this problem, a method of heat utilization of isopentane fraction streams and gas gasoline for heating cold streams was proposed. This process of heat exchange was integrated into the existing network of heat exchangers and analyzed using the pinch analysis method. The plant model developed at Aspen HYSYS using data from real plants was exported to Aspen Energy Analyzer. Analysis of the heat exchange network showed that the consumption of hot and cold energy can be reduced by 6.4% and 4.4%, respectively.

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Hejnák, V., H. Hniličková e F. Hnilička. "Effect of ontogeny, heterophylly and leaf position on the gas exchange of the hop plant". Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 11 (4 novembre 2014): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/671/2014-pse.

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This paper evaluates the influence of ontogeny and the position of bine and offshoot leaves on the rate of photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) in hop plants. In the ontogeny influencing Pn, E and gs among hops. The highest Pn was measured in phase 81–89 BBCH and E and gs in phase 61–69 BBCH. The Pn increased over the course of ontogeny from the 1st to 3rd level of the hop plants. From the 61 BBCH phase, the leaves of the first and second level achieved a photosynthetic maturity and Pn value no longer increased. The third-level leaves achieved photosynthetic maturity from the 81 BBCH phase. Higher E was measured in the upper parts of the hop plant. Pn and E were higher in the bine leaves in the third level of the hop plant over the entire course of the vegetation period. In the first and second level of the hop plant, higher values of Pn were measured in the offshoot leaves. Differences in gs were not noteworthy among the leaf types. Results show that a significant factor affecting the differences in Pn and E in hops is the age of the leaves.

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Lake, Janice A. "Gas exchange: new challenges with Arabidopsis". New Phytologist 162, n. 1 (aprile 2004): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01019.x.

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Tarasov, S. I., e N. V. Gerling. "MEASUREMENT OF CO2 AND H2O FLOWS BETWEEN MEDIUM AND PLANTS BY INFRARED GAS ANALYZER BASED ON OPEN GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INSTRUMENTAL ERROR". NAUCHNOE PRIBOROSTROENIE 32, n. 3 (30 agosto 2022): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18358/np-32-3-i75103.

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Currently, the study of gas exchange in leaves and even entire plants is not difficult. Measurement of gas exchange parameters is, as a rule, carried out using infrared gas analyzers integrated with open gas exchange systems. The measured parameter values are used to evaluate and calculate the physiological processes of interest to the investigator, such as, for example, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by the plant during photosynthesis or the rate of release of water vapors during transpiration. In the scientific literature on plant physiology, the error of the result of measuring physiological parameters is given without taking into account the instrumental error, the contribution of which to the total error can be significant, since the physiological parameters of interest to the researcher are mostly indirectly measurable values. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of the error of measuring the parameters of gas exchange of plants obtained using open gas exchange systems on the error of the estimated physiological parameters. The work analyzes equations that are used to estimate the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of water vapors based on the gas exchange parameters of the plant and are actually standard for open gas exchange systems; issues related to the release of carbon dioxide from the plant in the form of gas during respiratory processes in the light are also considered. An evaluation of instrumental error of carbon dioxide absorption rate measurement during photosynthesis for open gas exchange systems is given.

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Weiland, R. T., e T. E. Omholt. "Method for Monitoring Nitrogen Gas Exchange from Plant Foliage". Crop Science 25, n. 2 (1985): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1985.0011183x002500020039x.

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11

Cernusak, L. A. "Gas exchange and water‐use efficiency in plant canopies". Plant Biology 22, S1 (19 dicembre 2018): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/plb.12939.

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12

Cornett, J. D., J. E. Hendrix, R. M. Wheeler, C. W. Ross e W. Z. Sadeh. "Modeling gas exchange in a closed plant growth chamber". Advances in Space Research 14, n. 11 (novembre 1994): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)90319-0.

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Hernández-González, Olivia, Silvia Vergara-Yoisura, Roger Sulub-Tun, José Manuel Castillo-Chuc e Francisco Alfonso Larque-Saveedra. "Gas exchange and fluorescence of Brosimum alicastrum". REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, n. 4 (28 ottobre 2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i4.548.

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Gas exchange measurements were taken with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) and chlorophyll fluorescence with a modulated amplitude pulse fluorimeter (Mini-PAM) on fully developed leaves of ramon (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) a tropical rainforest tree, grown in its natural habitat as to collect basic information of its physiological behavior. Data showed that maximum f ixation of CO2 was 5 µmol m-2 s-1, photosynthetic eff iciency was 0.67 while the photosystem II was found to saturate at a photonic flux density (PFD) of 500 µmol at 15 h. A high correlation was found between photosynthesis and transpiration. Highest water use eff iciency occurred after 15 hours at a temperature of 30 °C, while chlorophyll levels remained constant. This is a shade tolerant, plant species thus it was found that initiates the photosynthetic process with low levels of light, presenting a light compensation point of 24 µmol m-2 s-1. In a parallel study, the same variables were measured in two sets of individuals of the same specie collected from two distant localities but growth in pots in the open. Photosynthetic variables of this plant species data showed very similar patterns. The results obtained suggest that, during the daylight hours and at higher temperatures, this species can carry out photosynthesis with high water use eff iciency. Based on the results, the conclusion is that this plant species can adapt to a diversity of environmental conditions.

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Prieto, Jorge A., Gaetan Louarn, Jorge Perez Peña, Hernán Ojeda, Thierry Simonneau e Eric Lebon. "A functional–structural plant model that simulates whole- canopy gas exchange of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) under different training systems". Annals of Botany 126, n. 4 (14 dicembre 2019): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz203.

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Abstract Background and Aims Scaling from single-leaf to whole-canopy photosynthesis faces several complexities related to variations in light interception and leaf properties. To evaluate the impact of canopy strucuture on gas exchange, we developed a functional–structural plant model to upscale leaf processes to the whole canopy based on leaf N content. The model integrates different models that calculate intercepted radiation, leaf traits and gas exchange for each leaf in the canopy. Our main objectives were (1) to introduce the gas exchange model developed at the plant level by integrating the leaf-level responses related to canopy structure, (2) to test the model against an independent canopy gas exchange dataset recorded on different plant architectures, and (3) to quantify the impact of intra-canopy N distribution on crop photosynthesis. Methods The model combined a 3D reconstruction of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) canopy architecture, a light interception model, and a coupled photosynthesis and stomatal conductance model that considers light-driven variations in N distribution. A portable chamber device was constructed to measure whole-plant gas exchange to validate the model outputs with data collected on different training systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact on C assimilation of different N content distributions within the canopy. Key Results By considering a non-uniform leaf N distribution within the canopy, our model accurately reproduced the daily pattern of gas exchange of different canopy architectures. The gain in photosynthesis permitted by the non-uniform compared with a theoretical uniform N distribution was about 18 %, thereby contributing to the maximization of C assimilation. By contrast, considering a maximal N content for all leaves in the canopy overestimated net CO2 exchange by 28 % when compared with the non-uniform distribution. Conclusions The model reproduced the gas exchange of plants under different training systems with a low error (10 %). It appears to be a reliable tool to evaluate the impact of a grapevine training system on water use efficiency at the plant level.

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Basiri Jahromi, Nastaran, Amy Fulcher, Forbes Walker e James Altland. "Optimizing Substrate Available Water and Coir Amendment Rate in Pine Bark Substrates". Water 12, n. 2 (29 gennaio 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020362.

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Water resources can be used more efficiently by including sustainable substrate components like coir that increase water-holding capacity. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of coir amendment rate on plant available water and plant gas exchange, with the goal of optimizing substrate available water and determining the optimum coir amendment rate in a greenhouse environment. The second objective was to establish the optimum method of determining plant available water using either plant gas exchange parameters or substrate physical properties. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with Hydrangea paniculata ‘Jane’ (Little Lime® hardy hydrangea) potted with one of five different coir rates (0%, 10%, 25%, 40% and 65%) mixed with pine bark on a volume basis. Plant gas exchange parameters and substrate water content were measured daily over a range of increasingly drier substrate moisture contents. Actual photosynthetic rates increased with increasing coir amendment rate and were highest with 65% coir amendment. Amending pine bark with coir increased the water storage capacity, plant available water, and plant gas exchange parameters. Results suggest that 65% coir amendment rate was the optimum amendment rate among those tested in a greenhouse environment and plant photosynthetic rate was the better method of determining plant available water.

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Schwob, I., Mireille Ducher, Huguette Sallanon e Alain Coudret. "Growth and gas exchange responses of". Trees 12, n. 4 (1998): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050146.

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Ferrari, Florencia Noemí, Carlos Alberto Parera e Carlos Bernardo Passera. "Whole plant open chamber to measure gas exchange onherbaceous plants". Chilean journal of agricultural research 76, n. 1 (marzo 2016): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392016000100013.

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Wheeler, Raymond M. "Gas-exchange Measurements using a Large, Closed Plant Growth Chamber". HortScience 27, n. 7 (luglio 1992): 777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.7.777.

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Cen, Yan-Ping, David H. Turpin e David B. Layzell. "Whole-Plant Gas Exchange and Reductive Biosynthesis in White Lupin". Plant Physiology 126, n. 4 (1 agosto 2001): 1555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.4.1555.

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Martin, C. A., e L. B. Stabler. "Plant gas exchange and water status in urban desert landscapes". Journal of Arid Environments 51, n. 2 (giugno 2002): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.2001.0946.

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Gent, Martin P., Francis J. Ferrandino e Wade H. Elmer. "Effect of verticillium wilt on gas exchange of entire eggplants". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, n. 4 (1 aprile 1995): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-058.

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Verticillium dahliae infection may reduce growth and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by inhibiting gas exchange per unit leaf area, and (or) by reducing leaf area. To quantify this inhibition, eggplants were grown in a field in fumigated soil or soil naturally infested with V. dahliae. Photosynthesis, dark respiration, transpiration, leaf area, disease symptoms, and yield were measured. Whole plants were enclosed in clear-walled chambers to measure gas exchange for 24-h periods. Before fruit set, there were no symptoms of wilt and no difference in leaf area or in gas exchange of plants grown in infested or fumigated soil. After fruit set, plants grown in the Verticillium-infested soil became symptomatic and had less leaf area, smaller leaves, and less photosynthesis per plant under high irradiance than plants grown in the fumigated soil. When whole plant gas exchange was normalized per unit leaf area there was no significant effect of disease on photosynthesis or transpiration. Although verticillium wilt reduces photosynthesis per unit leaf area in other species, our findings suggest that verticillium wilt reduced gas exchange of the entire eggplant predominantly by reduced leaf area rather than by reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Key words: Verticillium dahliae, Solanum melongena L., photosynthesis, transpiration, leaf area.

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Daisuke, Yasutake, Yokoyama Gaku, Maruo Kyosuke, Wu Yueru, Wang Weizhen, Mori Makito e Kitano Masaharu. "Analysis of leaf wetting effects on gas exchanges of corn using a whole-plant chamber system". Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 5 (14 maggio 2018): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/186/2018-pse.

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A whole-plant chamber system equipped with a transpiration sap flow meter was developed for measuring the transpiration rate even if leaves are wetted. A preliminary experiment in which dynamics of transpiration rate and/or evaporation rate of wetted and non-wetted plants were measured and compared with each other demonstrated the validity of the measurement system. The system was then used to analyse leaf wetting effects on gas exchange of corn under slight water stress conditions of soil (a volumetric soil water content of 9.7%). Leaf wetting decreased vapour pressure in leaves by decreasing leaf temperature but it increased vapour pressure in the air; therefore, vapour pressure difference between leaves and air, as a driving force of transpiration, was significantly lower in wetted plant. As a result, transpiration rate decreased by 44% and leaf conductance as an index of stomatal aperture was increased by leaf wetting. Such increasing leaf conductance due to leaf wetting increased the photosynthetic rate by 30% and therefore it improved water use efficiency (2.4 times). These results suggest that morning leaf wetting due to night time dew formation may have an advantage in crop production in semi-arid regions.

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Kitaya, Y., J. Tsuruyama, T. Shibuya, M. Yoshida e M. Kiyota. "Effects of air current speed on gas exchange in plant leaves and plant canopies". Advances in Space Research 31, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00747-0.

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Schulze, ED. "Whole-Plant Responses to Drought". Functional Plant Biology 13, n. 1 (1986): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9860127.

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The partitioning of carbon and interactions which cause limitations on gas exchange and growth under conditions of a limited supply of water and nutrients are discussed. Possible mechanisms of effects of air humidity on stomatal functioning and carbon assimilation are described. Also, it is shown that stomata respond to a signal from the root when the soil dries out prior to leaf wilting. Stomatal conductance determines canopy transpiration if the aerodynamic boundary layer resistance is low, such as in trees. Water shortage significantly affects extension growth and the root-shoot ratio at the whole- plant level. But experiments with xylem-tapping mistletoes show that stem growth can also be promoted by the presence of the mistletoe even when there is no apparent signal from the subtending shoot except the flow in the stem xylem. It appears that the internal plant water status may not affect gas exchange and carbon partitioning unless the plant fails to maintain a flow of water through the leaf epidermis and root tip.

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MÄKELÄ, A. "Optimal Control of Gas Exchange during Drought: Theoretical Analysis". Annals of Botany 77, n. 5 (maggio 1996): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0056.

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BERNINGER, F. "Optimal Control of Gas Exchange during Drought: Empirical Evidence". Annals of Botany 77, n. 5 (maggio 1996): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1996.0057.

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Berninger, F. "Optimal Regulation of Gas Exchange: Evidence from Field Data". Annals of Botany 71, n. 2 (febbraio 1993): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1017.

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Mencuccini, Maurizio, e Jonathan Comstock. "Variability in hydraulic architecture and gas exchange of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars under well-watered conditions: interactions with leaf size". Functional Plant Biology 26, n. 2 (1999): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98137.

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In a greenhouse study, 12 common bean cultivars from a wide geographical range were compared for their morphological, gas exchange and hydraulic architecture characters. Cultivars bred for cultivation in hot and dry regions had significantly smaller leaves and crowns, but higher stomatal conductances and transpiration rates per unit of leaf area. Short-term variability in gas exchange rates was confirmed using leaf carbon isotope discrimination. A literature survey showed that, although previously unnoticed, the strong inverse coupling between leaf size and gas exchange rates was present in three other studies using the same set of cultivars. Several measures of ‘leaf-specific hydraulic conductance’ (i.e. for the whole plant and for different parts of the xylem pathway) were also linearly related to rates of water loss, suggesting that the coupling between leaf size and gas exchange was mediated by a hydraulic mechanism. It is possible that breeding for high production in hot regions has exerted a selection pressure to increase leaf-level gas exchange rates and leaf cooling. The associated reductions in leaf size may be explained by the need to maintain equilibrium between whole-plant water loss and liquid-phase hydraulic conductance.

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Rose, Mary Ann, e Mark A. Rose. "Oscillatory Transpiration May Complicate Stomatal Conductance and Gas-exchange Measurements". HortScience 29, n. 6 (giugno 1994): 693–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.6.693.

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A closed-loop photosynthesis system and a heat-balance sap-flow gauge independently confirmed oscillatory transpiration in a greenhouse-grown Rosa hybrids L. Repetitive sampling revealed 60-minute synchronized oscillations in CO2-exchange rate, stomatal conductance, and whole-plant sap-flow rate. To avoid confusing cyclical plant responses with random noise in measurement, we suggest that gas-exchange protocols begin with frequent, repetitive measurements to determine whether transpiration is stable or oscillating. Single measurements of individual plants would be justified only when transpiration is steady state.

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Wullschleger, S. D., P. J. Hanson e R. F. Sage. "PHOTOBIO: Modeling the Stomatal and Biochemical Control of Plant Gas Exchange". Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 21, n. 2 (settembre 1992): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.1992.0141.

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McDowell, L. Brooke, e Chris A. Martin. "596 Landscape Design and History Affect Urban Plant Gas Exchange Parameters". HortScience 34, n. 3 (giugno 1999): 549E—550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.549e.

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Effects of landscape design and land use history on gas exchange parameters were evaluated for woody plants in a factorial site matrix of formerly desert or agricultural land uses and xeric or mesic residential landscape designs within the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Ariz. Remnant Sonoran Desert sites and an alfalfa agricultural field functioned as controls. Residential landscapes and the alfalfa field were irrigated regularly. Monthly instantaneous measurements of maximum leaf and stem carbon assimilation (A), conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) were made within three replicates of each site type during 1998 and 1999. Measurements were repeated monthly on three woody plant life forms: trees, shrubs, and ground covers. Assimilation fluxes were not related to former land use, but were lower for plants in xeric compared with those in mesic landscapes. Transpiration fluxes were higher for plants in formerly agricultural sites than in formerly desert sites, and were lower in xeric than in mesic landscape design. Compared with plants in residential landscapes, A and E fluxes were generally higher for plants in the agricultural control sites and were lower for plants at the desert control sites. Plant instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE = A/E) was higher in formerly agricultural sites than in formerly desert sites but was not affected by landscape design. Patterns of A, gs, and shoot temperature at irrigated sites suggest that maximum plant carbon assimilation was not limited by shoot conductance but was more responsive to shoot temperature. Similarities in patterns of ITE between plants in the different landscape design types suggest that xeric and mesic landscape plants do not differ in terms of water use efficiency.

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Olszyk, David M., e David T. Tingey. "Joint Action of O3 and SO2 in Modifying Plant Gas Exchange". Plant Physiology 82, n. 2 (1 ottobre 1986): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.82.2.401.

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Wolff, S. A., L. H. Coelho, M. Zabrodina, E. Brinckmann e A. I. Kittang. "Plant mineral nutrition, gas exchange and photosynthesis in space: A review". Advances in Space Research 51, n. 3 (febbraio 2013): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.024.

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Bowden, R. L. "Effects ofVerticillium dahliaeon Gas Exchange of Potato". Phytopathology 81, n. 3 (1991): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-81-293.

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Lloyd, J., SC Wong, JM Styles, D. Batten, R. Priddle, C. Turnbull e CA Mcconchie. "Measuring and Modelling Whole-Tree Gas Exchange". Functional Plant Biology 22, n. 6 (1995): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9950987.

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Diurnal patterns of CO2 and water vapour exchange were determined for Macadamia integrifolia and Litchi chinensis trees enclosed in whole-tree gas exchange chambers at Alstonville, New South Wales (28.5�S) during October and November 1991. Whole-tree gas exchange responses to photon irradiance (I), ambient partial pressure of CO2 (Ca) and vapour pressure deficit (D) were similar to those normally observed for individual leaves. Nevertheless, at a given I (above approximately 500 μmol quanta m-2, s-1) stomatal conductances (gs) and CO2 assimilation rates (A) were higher under overcast, as opposed to clear sky conditions. This difference was maintained even when A and gs were examined as a function of sun angle. Combined with a simple light interception model, nested quadratic equations combining stomatal responses and biochemical characteristics of individual leaves were found to provide excellent descriptions of the gas exchange responses of the isolated trees. This indicates a close to optimal partitioning of photosynthetic machinery throughout the canopy. From the whole-tree gas exchange model it was found that higher A and gs under overcast conditions are attributable to both lower T1 and D as well as to a more uniform distribution of irradiance across the canopy surface.

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Resco de Dios, Víctor. "Circadian Regulation and Diurnal Variation in Gas Exchange". Plant Physiology 175, n. 1 (31 agosto 2017): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00984.

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ALVAREZ, RITA DE CASSIA FÉLIX, CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL, ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE, JOÃO DOMINGOS RODRIGUES, GUSTAVO HABERMANN e VESPASIANO BORGES DE PAIVA NETO. "TRINEXAPAC-ETHYL AFFECTS GROWTH AND GAS EXCHANGE OF UPLAND RICE". Revista Caatinga 29, n. 2 (giugno 2016): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n208rc.

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ABSTRACT: A major problem affecting some upland rice cultivars is the increase in plant size when subjected to high doses of nitrogen fertilizer, leading to high levels of lodging. A method to reduce the height of upland rice, and therefore lodging, would be to use plant growth regulators. However, little information exists on the effect of these regulators on plant physiological processes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of trinexapac-ethyl application in upland rice via analysis of growth and gas exchange. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions using the BRS Primavera cultivar. A completely randomized design with eight replications was used. Treatments were carried out with and without the application of the plant growth regulator, and plants were subject to two-stage assessments in which physiological and gas-exchange indices were measured. The use of trinexapac-ethyl improved the growth of rice plants from the flowering to the physiological maturity stage, resulting in higher values of leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, and leaf matter ratio in treated plants. At the same time, it provided smaller reduction in net CO2 assimilation at the physiological maturity stage. Thus, net/apparent assimilation rate did not change after the application of growth regulator, but relative growth rate decreased in these treated plants. These results indicate the occurrence of self-shading in rice plants induced by what might be a supra-optimum trinexapac-ethyl concentration.

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38

Boer, Hugo J., Charles A. Price, Friederike Wagner‐Cremer, Stefan C. Dekker, Peter J. Franks e Erik J. Veneklaas. "Optimal allocation of leaf epidermal area for gas exchange". New Phytologist 210, n. 4 (16 marzo 2016): 1219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13929.

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39

Proietti, P. "Gas Exchange in Senescing Leaves of Olea Europaea L." Photosynthetica 35, n. 4 (1 dicembre 1998): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1006987109181.

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40

Almeida, A. A. F., F. P. Gomes, R. P. Araujo, R. C. Santos e R. R. Valle. "Leaf gas exchange in species of the Theobroma genus". Photosynthetica 52, n. 1 (1 marzo 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-013-0048-8.

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41

Karimi, S., A. Yadollahi, K. Arzani, A. Imani e M. Aghaalikhani. "Gas-exchange response of almond genotypes to water stress". Photosynthetica 53, n. 1 (1 marzo 2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11099-015-0070-0.

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42

Layzell, David B., Stephen T. Gaito e Stephen Hunt. "Model of gas exchange and diffusion in legume nodules". Planta 173, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00394496.

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43

Magalhães, Ivomberg Dourado, Alberto Soares de Melo, Pedro Dantas Fernandes, Messias Firmino de Queiroz, Nair Helena Castro Arriel, Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz, Janivan Fernandes Suassuna et al. "Gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and yield of Jatropha curcas irrigated with saline water". MAY 2020, n. 14(05):2020 (20 maggio 2020): 802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.05.p2247.

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Jatropha curcas L. is a rustic plant with great potential for energy source. In semi-arid regions, where water scarcity has been one of the major problems, saline water is an alternative source in agriculture, although it causes losses in crop development and yield. This study was developed to evaluate the photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, and yield of Jatropha curcas irrigated with saline water. The experiment was carried out under five levels (L) of water electrical conductivity: L1 = 1.2, L2 = 1.8, L3 = 2.4, L4 = 3.0, and L5 = 3.6 dS m-1, (calibrated at 25 ºC). We conducted physiological assessments such as photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, gas exchange through stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 internal concentration and leaf net photosynthesis rate after application of saline water and following prunning. J. curcas production was measured based on the following variables, number of bunches per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per bunch, weight of shells per plant and weight of seeds per plant. Continuous application of saline water after J. curcas pruning caused a drastic reduction of up to 31.1% in gas exchange (A, gs, E, Ci, and A/Ci). Photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was restricted by salinity at 2.4 dS m-1 level. Increasing electrical conductivity in irrigation water at levels above 1.20 dS m-1 significantly reduced J. curcas production components by up to 77.3%. Irrigation with saline water up to the level 1.20 dS m-1 did not damage gas exchange and fruit production of Jatropha curcas crop.

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Tenhunen, John D., Riccardo Valentini, Barbara Köstner, Reiner Zimmermann e André Granier. "Variation in forest gas exchange at landscape to continental scales". Annales des Sciences Forestières 55, n. 1-2 (1998): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19980101.

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45

Sirvydas, Algimantas, Tomas Ūksas, Paulius Kerpauskas e Rasa Čingienė. "ROLE OF THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES IN PLANT LEAF GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM FOR ASSIMILATION OF CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE AMBIENT AIR". Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, n. 3 (22 settembre 2022): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.17409.

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When temperature in the leaf gas exchange system changes, the thermodynamic parameters describing the condition of moist air also change. A temperature change of 1 oC in plant leaf tissues leads to a change in partial water vapour pressure of 144 Pa in the gas exchange cavities. Then a temperature decrease of 1 oC in a plant leaf produces 0.897 g of condensate, from 1 m3 of air in leaf ventilation cavities on the surface. When the temperature of plant leaves in the leaf ventilation system changes, the total water vapor state on the inner surface of the leaves changes, and the water vapor state in the stomatal cavities changes. The thickness of the formed condensate film on the plant leaf canal wall surfaces depends on the canal diameter and temperature change. The paper presents information about the mechanism of water formation and thermodynamic processes in the plant leaf gas exchange system participating in the process of assimilation. The formation and change of the internal surfaces of the stomatal cavities of the water film sheet allow the participation of chemical processes in the assimilation of CO2 emissions from the environment.

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46

Falge, E., W. Graber, R. Siegwolf e J. D. Tenhunen. "A model of the gas exchange response of". Trees 10, n. 5 (1996): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050034.

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47

Gent, M. P. N., J. A. LaMondia, F. J. Ferrandino, W. H. Elmer e K. A. Stoner. "The Influence of Compost Amendment or Straw Mulch on the Reduction of Gas Exchange in Potato by Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans". Plant Disease 83, n. 4 (aprile 1999): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.4.371.

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Single potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. Superior) were grown in microplots in soil that was fumigated and then infested with Verticillium dahliae, Pratylenchus penetrans, or both to evaluate the effects of these pathogens and of cultural treatments with spent mushroom compost or straw mulch on gas exchange of potato leaves. Photosynthesis and transpiration of terminal leaflets of a cohort of similar-aged leaves were measured once a week from the time of expansion until they senesced. Over all measurements, gas exchange per unit leaf area was less for plants in microplots infested with V. dahliae or P. penetrans than for those in uninfested plots. For leaves that expanded in early June, gas exchange was similar immediately after leaf expansion but declined more quickly when microplots were infested with one or both pathogens compared to no infestation. Overall, leaf gas exchange was increased by compost amendment but not affected by straw mulch. Compost amendment prevented some of the decline in gas exchange due to infestation by one or both pathogens. For leaves that expanded in July, compost increased the gas exchange immediately after expansion in both infested and non-infested plots.

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48

Morishita, Don W., Donald C. Thill e John E. Hammel. "Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Interference in a Greenhouse Experiment". Weed Science 39, n. 2 (giugno 1991): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500071381.

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Intraspecific and interspecific interference effects on growth, gas exchange, and water potential of wild oat and spring barley were measured under greenhouse conditions using a 1:1.06 barley to wild oat replacement series. Intraspecific barley interference affected barley growth more than interspecific wild oat interference. Interspecific wild oat interference with barley reduced wild oat growth more than intraspecific interference. Wild oat plant height surpassed barley plant height near barley anthesis. Growth and gas exchange of barley and wild oat responded the same to short-term water stress.

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49

Marler, Thomas E. "SALINITY AFFECTS GROWTH AND NET GAS EXCHANGE OF CARAMBOLA". HortScience 25, n. 9 (settembre 1990): 1136d—1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1136d.

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Salinity effects on growth and net gas exchange of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) examined in were greenhouse culture with ten-month-old seedlings in perlite: peat: sand: pine bark chip medium in 5.1 liter (21 cm top dia.) containers. Treatments of 0.05, 5.1, 9.5, or 13.9 dS·m-1 were obtained by dissolving ca. 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 g of dehydrated sea salt per liter of rain water and delivered from elevated tanks by gravity to dribble ring emitters in containers via polyethylene and q icro tubing. All plants except control plants received 5.1 dS·m-1 beginning 25 Nov., and concentration was gradually increased for the two highest salinity levels until reaching 9.5 dS·m-1 on 3 Dec. and 13.9 dS·m-1 on 7 Dec. Plants were watered twice weekly until 1 March 1990. Stomatal conductance was determined (LI-COR 1600 steady-state diffusion porometer) on 7 day intervals beginning 24 Nov. Growth was determined as leaf area (LI-COR 3000 area meter), plant dry weight, and trunk diameter. Stomatal conductance declined in all salinity levels to 50% or less of controls by day 12, with a gradual further decline thereafter. Leaf area, plant dry weight, and trunk diameter declined linearly with increased salinity.

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Alvarez, Rita de Cássia Félix, Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol, Adriano Stephan Nascente, João Domingos Rodrigues e Gustavo Habermann. "Gas exchange rates, plant height, yield components, and productivity of upland rice as affected by plant regulators". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 47, n. 10 (ottobre 2012): 1455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2012001000007.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate gas exchange rates, plant height, yield components, and productivity of upland rice, as affected by type and application time of plant growth regulators. A randomized block design, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates was used. Treatments consisted of three growth regulators (mepiquat chloride, trinexapac-ethyl, and paclobutrazol), besides a control treatment applied at two different phenological stages: early tillering or panicle primordial differentiation. The experiment was performed under sprinkler-irrigated field conditions. Net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, plant transpiration, and water-use efficiency were measured four times in Primavera upland rice cultivar, between booting and milky grain phenophases. Gas exchange rates were neither influenced by growth regulators nor by application time. There was, however, interaction between these factors on the other variables. Application of trinexapac-ethyl at both tillering and differentiation stages reduced plant height and negatively affected yield components and rice productivity. However, paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride applied at tillering, reduced plant height without affecting rice yield. Mepiquat chloride acted as a growth stimulator when applied at the differentiation stage, and significantly increased plant height, panicle number, and grain yield of upland rice.

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