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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 21 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

1

Sperry, John S. "Hydraulic constraints on plant gas exchange". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 104, n. 1 (luglio 2000): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(00)00144-1.

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2

Huang, Guang-Ming, Ying-Ning Zou, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Yong-Jie Xu e Kamil Kuča. "Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts". Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 6 (23 giugno 2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/240/2020-pse.

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Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

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3

Souza, Gustavo M., Steven M. Pincus e José Alberto F. Monteiro. "The complexity-stability hypothesis in plant gas exchange under water deficit". Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17, n. 4 (dicembre 2005): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202005000400004.

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We hypothesized that more complex, i.e. irregular, temporal dynamics and a more interconnected overall network supports greater stability to gas exchange parameters (herein, CO2 net assimilation and transpiration) in plants under water deficit. To test this hypothesis two genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris were subjected to a period of absence of irrigation, and subsequent rewatering to achieve recovery. Gas exchanges parameters were measured each 10 s during 6 h to obtain time series to evaluate complexity by Approximate Entropy (ApEn) calculations, and network connectance in each water regime. Notably, the Jalo Precoce genotype showed significantly more stability than the Guarumbé genotype under system perturbation, coincident with greater irregularity in each gas exchange parameter and greater overall connectance for Jalo Precoce. This conclusion is consistent with other observations of greater homeostasis in more complex networks, seen in broad contexts such as cardiac rhythms and respiratory dynamics

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4

Proietti, P., F. Famiani e A. Tombesi. "Gas Exchange in Olive Fruit". Photosynthetica 36, n. 3 (1 agosto 1999): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1007028220042.

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5

Solomos, Theophanes. "Principles of Gas Exchange in Bulky Plant Tissues". HortScience 22, n. 5 (ottobre 1987): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.766.

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Abstract Determination of diffusivity of gases in bulky plant tissues is of both theoretical and practical interest. For instance, a precise knowledge of O2 diffusion is needed for studying the nature of “oxidases” that may be involved in fruit respiration and also for predicting minimum O2 levels that can be safely used in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Further, a precise knowledge of the internal concentration of ethylene may be useful in determining the maturity of apples before harvest (15). Principles and techniques used for determining resistance to gas diffusion in bulky plant organs, and some practical applications for CA storage of apples are presented here.

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6

BABIDORICH, M. I., P. S. PENKOVA e O. A. REUTOVA. "OPTIMAL REALIZATION HEAT EXCHANGE IN THE PROCESSES OF GAS FRACTIONATION". Applied Mathematics and Fundamental Informatics 6, n. 4 (2019): 039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2311-4908-2019-6-4-39-45.

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He article presents a study of gas fractionating plant, which is associated with the problem of high energy consumption for heating and cooling of technological flows. To solve this problem, a method of heat utilization of isopentane fraction streams and gas gasoline for heating cold streams was proposed. This process of heat exchange was integrated into the existing network of heat exchangers and analyzed using the pinch analysis method. The plant model developed at Aspen HYSYS using data from real plants was exported to Aspen Energy Analyzer. Analysis of the heat exchange network showed that the consumption of hot and cold energy can be reduced by 6.4% and 4.4%, respectively.

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7

Hejnák, V., H. Hniličková e F. Hnilička. "Effect of ontogeny, heterophylly and leaf position on the gas exchange of the hop plant". Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 11 (4 novembre 2014): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/671/2014-pse.

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This paper evaluates the influence of ontogeny and the position of bine and offshoot leaves on the rate of photosynthesis (P<sub>n</sub>), transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>) in hop plants. In the ontogeny influencing P<sub>n</sub>, E and g<sub>s</sub> among hops. The highest P<sub>n</sub> was measured in phase 81–89 BBCH and E and g<sub>s</sub> in phase 61–69 BBCH. The P<sub>n</sub> increased over the course of ontogeny from the 1<sup>st</sup> to 3<sup>rd</sup> level of the hop plants. From the 61 BBCH phase, the leaves of the first and second level achieved a photosynthetic maturity and P<sub>n</sub> value no longer increased. The third-level leaves achieved photosynthetic maturity from the 81 BBCH phase. Higher E was measured in the upper parts of the hop plant. P<sub>n</sub> and E were higher in the bine leaves in the third level of the hop plant over the entire course of the vegetation period. In the first and second level of the hop plant, higher values of P<sub>n</sub> were measured in the offshoot leaves. Differences in g<sub>s</sub> were not noteworthy among the leaf types. Results show that a significant factor affecting the differences in P<sub>n</sub> and E in hops is the age of the leaves.

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8

Lake, Janice A. "Gas exchange: new challenges with Arabidopsis". New Phytologist 162, n. 1 (aprile 2004): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01019.x.

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9

Tarasov, S. I., e N. V. Gerling. "MEASUREMENT OF CO2 AND H2O FLOWS BETWEEN MEDIUM AND PLANTS BY INFRARED GAS ANALYZER BASED ON OPEN GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INSTRUMENTAL ERROR". NAUCHNOE PRIBOROSTROENIE 32, n. 3 (30 agosto 2022): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18358/np-32-3-i75103.

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Currently, the study of gas exchange in leaves and even entire plants is not difficult. Measurement of gas exchange parameters is, as a rule, carried out using infrared gas analyzers integrated with open gas exchange systems. The measured parameter values are used to evaluate and calculate the physiological processes of interest to the investigator, such as, for example, the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by the plant during photosynthesis or the rate of release of water vapors during transpiration. In the scientific literature on plant physiology, the error of the result of measuring physiological parameters is given without taking into account the instrumental error, the contribution of which to the total error can be significant, since the physiological parameters of interest to the researcher are mostly indirectly measurable values. This work is devoted to the study of the influence of the error of measuring the parameters of gas exchange of plants obtained using open gas exchange systems on the error of the estimated physiological parameters. The work analyzes equations that are used to estimate the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of water vapors based on the gas exchange parameters of the plant and are actually standard for open gas exchange systems; issues related to the release of carbon dioxide from the plant in the form of gas during respiratory processes in the light are also considered. An evaluation of instrumental error of carbon dioxide absorption rate measurement during photosynthesis for open gas exchange systems is given.

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10

Weiland, R. T., e T. E. Omholt. "Method for Monitoring Nitrogen Gas Exchange from Plant Foliage". Crop Science 25, n. 2 (1985): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1985.0011183x002500020039x.

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Tesi sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

1

Maddison, Joanna Sarah. "Mechanisms underlying plant responses to elevated ozone". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312032.

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2

Bailey, David E. "Wetland Vegetation Dynamics and Ecosystem Gas Exchange in Response to Organic Matter Loading Rates". W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Bailey06.pdf.

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3

Soumana, Diallo Amadou 1957. "The effects of water stress on gas-exchange in Pinus brutia, var eldarica". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277326.

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Pinus brutia var. eldarica is often considered to possess photosynthetic characteristics that make it highly tolerant to drought conditions. However, very little is known about it's photosynthetic response to water stress under either laboratory or field imposed drought conditions. The purpose of this study was to utilize laboratory gas-exchange measurements to determine the effects of water stress and recovery from stress on photosynthetic capacity of potted Pinus brutia via. eldarica plants. Analysis of the rate assimilation (A) versus intercellular CO₂ (Cᵢ) data indicates that recovery of carboxylation efficiency (g'm) (i.e. Rubisco activity and amount) does occur after daily re-watering of moderately stressed (ψ₂ ≃ -2.0 MPa) Pinus brutia. However, these same data indicate that irreversible damage to cell membranes results in an inability to re-generate RubP. Although inferences on the effect of stress on A in field grown Pinus brutia is tenuous, these laboratory results indicate that Pinus brutia may not be as drought tolerant as commonly believed.

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4

Ravetta, Damián Andres. "Plant morphology and gas exchange in Hesperaloe: Influence on its adaptation for cultivation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186643.

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The working hypothesis for this dissertation was that the contrasting plant architecture, and the distinct native environments of Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna should be reflected in differences in their eco-physiological responses, and that these, in turn, would determine these species' adaptability limits and productivity under cultivation. The objective of this dissertation project was to evaluate plant morphological characteristics and their effect on physiological processes, and how environmental factors interact with these processes in H. funifera and H. nocturna. Common to both Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna is the possession of constitutive crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). The major implication of CAM is a prominent water use efficiency (WUE). Although instantaneous net CO₂ uptake rates of both Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna are low when compared with C₃ plants, integrated 24-hr net CO₂ uptake rates are within the lower range of C₃ species. Because there is a relatively large range of conditions in which photosynthesis occurs (i.e., both Hesperaloe species have a long growing season), net CO₂ uptake in Hesperaloe integrated throughout the year may reach or surpass that of C₃ crops. Daily integrated CO₂ uptake during late fall, winter and early spring were similar in Hesperaloe funifera and H. nocturna. A major peak in CO₂ uptake was found during the fall for H. funifera but not for H. nocturna. Also, no reduction in integrated CO₂ uptake was found in H. nocturna during the summer months, while H. funifera showed a considerable reduction in CO₂ uptake during this season. The increase in photosynthetic activity in H. nocturna coincided with the emergence of the inflorescence. Contrastingly, flowering did not appear to increase net CO₂ uptake in H. funifera. In this species a flush of new leaf production (increased sink demand) coincides with the observed increase in photosynthesis during the fall. The late fall peak of CO₂ uptake found in H. funifera could also be caused by a photoperiodic stimulation of CO₂ uptake. Significant differences in WUE between the two Hesperaloe species were found. These differences were, at least, partially explained by contrasting plant architecture and differences in leaf morphology.

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5

Langan, Anthony Mark. "Interactions between insect pests and the size, quality and gas exchange activity of cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea)". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265087.

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6

Ghannoum, Oula, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture e School of Horticulture. "Responses of C3 and C4 Panicum grasses to CO2 enrichment". THESIS_FAH_HOR_Ghannoum_O.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/139.

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This project aims at investigating the effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth and gas exchange of C3, C3-C4 and C4 Panicum grasses. Potted plants were grown in soil under well watered conditions, in artificially lit environmentally controlled cabinets or naturally lit greenhouses at varying levels of CO2 enrichment. CO2 enrichment enhanced the dry weight of C3 and C4 Panicum species under optimal light and N supplies, but had no effect on the total leaf N or TNC concentrations. The high-CO2 induced photosynthetic reaction in the C3 species was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco concentration and was related to the conservation of the relative growth rate of the plant. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the photosynthetic capacity of the C4 species, but enhanced its CO2 assimilation rates under high light and N supplies. The effect of elevated CO2 on the leaf and stem anatomy reflected increased carbon supply at high CO2 in the C3 grass, and reduced transpiratory demand at high CO2 in C4 grasses. Consequently, it is clear that both C3 and C4 grasses are likely to be more productive under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
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7

Pereira, JordÃnia Maria Gabriel. "Production, gas exchange and nutritional status of watermelon, submited to different irrigation levels and doses of boro". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9015.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Boron, among micronutrients, is one that appears most often deficient in the soil, mainly due to the low availability of land and lack of knowledge of application and crop response to their application. As to the low availability in the soil, this condition is aggravated when the water shortage, since the mechanism involved in the contact with the root of boron is the mass flow that is directly proportional to the hydraulic conductivity. Regarding response to nutrient culture, it is believed that the optimal range between toxic and is very narrow. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of boron in watermelon crop irrigated with different irrigation in the municipality of Pentecost - CE. The statistical design was randomized block split plot with four replications. The plots were assessed four irrigation levels, 50%, 75%, 100% and 125% of potential evapotranspiration of the crop (ETpc) and subplots five levels, corresponding to 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3, 5, 4.5 kg ha-1 to B, taking with boric acid source. The boron contents in watermelon leaf tissue showed linear fit as a function of increasing doses and decreased linearly as a function of irrigation levels, ranging from 102.39 to 168.20 mg kg-1 and negatively correlated with productivity, indicating toxicity. Foliar N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn were not affected by irrigation and boron levels. Since sulfur and copper, influenced by irrigation and B levels, respectively. It was demonstrated effect of boron on the increased production of MSPA. The stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration and photosynthesis were not affected by factors, demonstrating that the blades did not impose on plants water scarcity, and that with the variables analyzed was impossible to pinpoint the influence of boron gas exchange. The crop transpiration was significantly affected by irrigation.
O boro, dentre os micronutrientes, Ã aquele que mais frequentemente se apresenta deficiente no solo, devido principalmente Ã baixa disponibilidade dos solos e a falta de conhecimento do requerimento e da resposta das culturas a sua aplicaÃÃo. Quanto Ã baixa disponibilidade no solo, tal condiÃÃo seria agravada, quando da escassez hÃdrica, uma vez que o mecanismo envolvido no contato do boro com a raiz Ã o fluxo de massa, que Ã diretamente proporcional Ã condutividade hidrÃulica do solo. A respeito da resposta da cultura ao nutriente, acredita-se que a faixa entre o nÃvel ideal e o tÃxico seja muito estreita. Sendo assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicaÃÃo de doses crescentes de boro na cultura da melancia irrigada com diferentes lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo, no municÃpio de Pentecoste â CE. O delineamento estatÃstico foi blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetiÃÃes. Nas parcelas foram avaliados quatro lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo, 50%, 75%, 100% e 125% da evapotranspiraÃÃo potencial da cultura (ETpc) e nas subparcelas cinco doses, correspondentes a 0,5, 1,5, 2,5, 3,5, 4,5 kg ha-1 de B, tendo com fonte o Ãcido bÃrico. Os teores de boro no tecido foliar da melancia apresentaram ajuste linear crescente em funÃÃo das doses e linear decrescente em funÃÃo das lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo, variando de 102,39 a 168,20 mg kg-1 e correlacionando negativamente com a produtividade, indicando toxidez. Os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe e Zn, nÃo foram influenciados pelas lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo e doses de boro. Sendo o enxofre e o cobre, influenciados pelas lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo e doses de B, respectivamente. Foi demostrado efeito do boro sobre o incremento da produÃÃo de MSPA. A condutÃncia estomÃtica, concentraÃÃo interna de CO2 e a fotossÃntese nÃo foram influenciadas pelos fatores, demostrando que as lÃminas nÃo impuseram sobre as plantas uma escassez hÃdrica, e que com as variÃveis analisadas foi impossÃvel precisar a influencia do boro nas trocas gasosas. A transpiraÃÃo da cultura foi influenciada significativamente pelas lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo

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8

Martorell, Lliteras Sebastià. "Understanding the regulation of leaf and plant gas Exchange under water stress with a process-based model of stomatal conductance". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/288210.

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Water availability is one of the biggest constraints limiting the plant growth and species distribution around the world. This is the case in the Mediterranean region where, moreover, the frequency and amount of rainfall will decrease due to global warming. This will provoke longer periods of drought and a general decrease of water availability. In this context, one of the most vulnerable crops is grapevine. This crop has been traditionally rain-feed, although in recent years it’s becoming an irrigated crop. This increases the demand to regulate the water use by more precise irrigation techniques based on the plant water status. A good physiological indicator that allows knowing the plant water status is stomatal conductance. Although it is widely known the importance of the stoma, there is not an accurate model to predict their behavior as many physiological and environmental parameters co-regulate it. The aims of this thesis are to: a) study the physiological mechanisms regulating stomatal conductance, b) apply a process-based model to predict the behavior of stomatal conductance c) use this model as tool to better understand the physiological stomatal regulation along the canopy. Results show that stoma has a strong regulation by hydraulic conductance being a key physiological parameter regulating water use. In addition, abscisic acid and osmotic adjustment are also playing an important role in their regulation. On the other hand, the mechanistic model of stomatal conductance has been validated predicting with a good accuracy the variations throughout the day and season in well water and water stress conditions. At time, because this model is based on physiological parameters permits to infer about the relevance of those physiological parameters under water stress, predicting that hydraulic conductance has a main role on the regulation of stomatal conductance in different parts of the canopy.

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9

Hupp, Jason R. "Mechanistic basis of gas exchange in the Terrestrial Astomatal Acid Metabolism plant, "Chiloschista lunifera" (REICHB. F.) J. J. SM. (Orchidaceae)". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014180.

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Ghannoum, Oula. "Responses of C3 and C4 Panicum grasses to CO2 enrichment". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/139.

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Abstract (sommario):

This project aims at investigating the effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth and gas exchange of C3, C3-C4 and C4 Panicum grasses. Potted plants were grown in soil under well watered conditions, in artificially lit environmentally controlled cabinets or naturally lit greenhouses at varying levels of CO2 enrichment. CO2 enrichment enhanced the dry weight of C3 and C4 Panicum species under optimal light and N supplies, but had no effect on the total leaf N or TNC concentrations. The high-CO2 induced photosynthetic reaction in the C3 species was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco concentration and was related to the conservation of the relative growth rate of the plant. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the photosynthetic capacity of the C4 species, but enhanced its CO2 assimilation rates under high light and N supplies. The effect of elevated CO2 on the leaf and stem anatomy reflected increased carbon supply at high CO2 in the C3 grass, and reduced transpiratory demand at high CO2 in C4 grasses. Consequently, it is clear that both C3 and C4 grasses are likely to be more productive under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

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Libri sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

1

Dennis, Ojima, e Svensson Bo H. 1946-, a cura di. Trace gas exchange in a global perspective. Copenhagen K., Denmark: Munksgaard International Booksellers and Publishers, 1992.

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2

Pieruschka, Roland. Effect of internal leaf structures on gas exchange of leaves. Jülich: Forschungszentrum, 2005.

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3

Cazier, Jean-Baptiste. Mathematical modelling of gas exchanges in film-wrapped cucumbers. Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000.

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4

Holtan-Hartwig, Liv. Ammonia exchange between crops and air. Ås, Norway: Agricultural University of Norway, Advisory Service, 1994.

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5

Both, Ralf. Wirkungen gasförmiger Immissionen auf den CO₂/H₂O-Gaswechsel von Waldbodenpflanzen eines Melico-Fagetum. Frankfurt/M: Wissenschafts-Verlag W. Maraun, 1990.

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6

Stickan, Walter. Auswirkungen von Umweltchemikalien auf den Gaswechsel von Grünlandpflanzen. Göttingen: E. Goltze, 1985.

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7

Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. The Illinois Conservation and Climate Initiative: Earn revenue through the sale of greenhouse gas emissions credits. Chicago, Ill: Illinois Conservation and Climate Initiative, 2006.

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8

Wheeler, R. M. Carbon dioxide and water exchange rates by a wheat crop in NASA's biomass production chamber: Results from an 86-day study (January to April 1989). [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1990.

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9

Wheeler, R. M. Carbon dioxide and water exchange rates by a wheat crop in NASA's biomass production chamber: Results from an 86-day study (January to April 1989). [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1990.

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10

Laisk, Agu, e Vello Oja. Fast-response Photosynthetic Gas Exchange: Techniques and Applications (Plant Sciences Techniques Series). CSIRO Publishing, 1997.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

1

Oehler, O., e H. Blum. "Photoacoustic Measurement of Plant Gas Exchange". In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena II, 369–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46972-8_95.

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2

Sharkey, T. D. "Analytical Gas Exchange Measurements of Photosynthetic CO2 Assimilation". In Modern Methods of Plant Analysis, 73–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83346-5_5.

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3

Sorrell, Brian K., e Hans Brix. "Gas Transport and Exchange through Wetland Plant Aerenchyma". In Methods in Biogeochemistry of Wetlands, 177–96. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser10.c11.

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4

Golombek, S. D., e P. Lüdders. "Gas exchange of Ficus carica in response to salinity". In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 487–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_81.

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5

Lange, O. L., P. C. Harley, W. Beyschlag e J. D. Tenhunen. "Gas exchange methods for characterizing the impact of stress on leaves". In Plant Response to Stress, 3–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70868-8_1.

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Lambers, Hans, F. Stuart Chapin e Thijs L. Pons. "Scaling-Up Gas Exchange and Energy Balance from the Leaf to the Canopy Level". In Plant Physiological Ecology, 230–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2855-2_5.

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7

Lambers, Hans, F. Stuart Chapin e Thijs L. Pons. "Scaling-Up Gas Exchange and Energy Balance from the Leaf to the Canopy Level". In Plant Physiological Ecology, 247–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78341-3_8.

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Lambers, Hans, e Rafael S. Oliveira. "Scaling-Up Gas Exchange and Energy Balance from the Leaf to the Canopy Level". In Plant Physiological Ecology, 291–300. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29639-1_8.

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Lawrence, W. T. "Gas exchange characteristics of representative species from the scrub vegetation of central Chile". In Plant Response to Stress, 279–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70868-8_17.

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Meinzer, Frederick C., e Guillermo Goldstein. "Scaling up from Leaves to Whole Plants and Canopies for Photosynthetic Gas Exchange". In Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology, 114–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1163-8_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

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Bento, Carlos Henrique Pereira, Fabia Barbosa da Silva, Lucas de Jesus Silva, Amanda Ferreira Rodrigues, Filippo Giuseppe Parisi, Cláudio Witer Ferreira Pereira Júnior, Bruno Matheus Mendes Dário, MÁRCIO ROSA e Fabiano Guimarães Silva. "RED LIGHT IMPROVES GAS EXCHANGE IN STRAWBERRY GROWTH IN VERTICAL FARMING". In Annals of the Brazilian Congress of Plant Physiology and Ibero-latinamerican Congress of Plant Biology. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/175303.1-2.

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Yuzbekov, A. K. "Evaluation of the carbon dioxide gas exchange of European spruce in southern taigafir tree". In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-492.

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Johnstone, Melanie, Bernard Grodzinski, Hai Yu e John Sutton. "Plant Disease Progress Can Be Monitored by CO2 Gas Exchange of the Plant Canopy". In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2023.

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Cornett, J. David, John E. Hendrix, Cleon W. Ross, Frank D. Moore e Willy Z. Sadeh. "A Model of Gas Exchange in a Closed Plant Growth Chamber". In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961510.

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Bolondinsky, V. K. "The study of CO-gas exchange of the trunk and branches of 10-year-old birch seedlings". In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-77.

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Daunicht, H. J., C. Richter e J. Resemann. "An Autonomous Plant Cuvette for Advanced Climate Control and Gas Exchange Measurement". In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951536.

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Golovko, V. F., I. V. Dmitrieva e N. G. Kodochigov. "Research and Development of Compact Heat Exchangers of Gas Turbine Power Conversion Unit for Nuclear Power Plant With High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor". In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22587.

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The NPP design that integrates a high temperature helium cooled nuclear reactor with a gas-turbine power conversion unit requires investigations and development of high-efficiency heat-exchange equipment operating in the closed primary circuit. The equipment must be very compact, which implies highly efficient heat transfer at minimum pressure loss. This paper presents an analysis of optimal heat-exchange surface selection, as well as design and layout features of recuperators, precoolers and intercoolers. Considered are tube (made of straight, helical, including those with the small bending radius, finned tubes etc.), plate-and-fin and matrix heat-exchange surfaces combined as separate modules or as a single bundle. Suggested are methods and criteria to select rational heat-exchange surfaces with account of critical factors and limitations. Given are results of the comparative analysis and computational and experimental investigations of surfaces; design and layout solutions for heat-exchange apparatuses arranged in the vertical high-pressure vessel with limited dimensions.

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Perkavec, M. A. "Gas Turbine Operating in Combined and Regenerative Cycles Using Liquid Metal Heat Exchangers". In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-179.

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Liquid metal technology for heat transfer was developed for use in nuclear power stations. Applied to a gas turbine regenerative cycle plant, it makes high heat exchange rates in the regenerator, and low pressure losses as well on the air side as on the exhaust side economically possible. Its application permits combined cycle as well as regenerative cycle operation of the same gas turbine. Mixed operation in any ratio is also easily accomplished, so that the ratio of heat and electricity produced by the gas turbine plant is variable within a wide range. This paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculations for such plants and describes the optimization of design parameters. Influences of the individual parameters of the regenerative cycle on the power output and efficiency of the plant are examined, and the reasonable limits for this application are outlined. The advantages of applying liquid metal technology to gas turbines, such as a virtually pressureless liquid metal system, flexible operation, and separate optimization of the heat exchange coefficients for the air and exhaust flows are discussed. Reference is also made to emissions, which are more complicated than those for combined or regenerative cycles because the plant is operated in both modes.

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Stasiak, Michael, Richard Côté, Bernard Grodzinski e Michael Dixon. "Light Piping to the Inner Plant Canopy Enhances Plant Growth and Increases O2, CO2, H2O and Ethylene Gas Exchange Rates". In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2103.

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Soudarev, A. V., B. V. Soudarev, V. B. Soudarev, A. A. Kondratiev e P. Avran. "Application of Cassette-Tube Airheaters as a Way to Improve the Mass-Size Characteristics of Regenerative Gas-Turbine Units". In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-331.

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To produce a new generation of gas-pumping units and to upgrade the existing ones, the producer needs to update their heat exchange equipment. The aim of the update is to decrease its mass and sizes and to reduce its manufacturing and assembly costs. Heat-hydraulic calculations and experiments with models of the gas-turbine plant cassette-tube airheaters demonstrated that application of profiled U-tubes of a small hydraulic diameter to manufacture the matrices of such heat exchangers provides a high compactness and low metal consumption rate typical for plate heat exchangers. Simplicaty, reliability, elasticity and maintainability which are typical characteristics of tube heat exchangers are retaned.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Plant gas exchange"

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer e Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.

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Pell, Eva J., Sarah M. Assmann, Amnon Schwartz e Hava Steinberger. Ozone Altered Stomatal/Guard Cell Function: Whole Plant and Single Cell Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573082.bard.

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Original objectives (revisions from original proposal are highlighted) 1. Elucidate the direct effects O3 and H2O2 on guard cell function, utilizing assays of stomatal response in isolated epidermal peels and whole cell gas exchange. 2. Determine the mechanistic basis of O3 and H2O2 effects on the plasma membrane through application of the electrophysiological technique of patch clamping to isolated guard cells. 3. Determine the relative sensitivity of Israeli cultivars of economically important crops to O3 and determine whether differential leaf conductance responses to O3 can explain relative sensitivity to the air pollutant: transfer of technological expertise to Israel. Background to the topic For a long time O3 has been known to reduce gas exchange in plants; it has however been unclear if O3 can affect the stomatal complex directly. Ion channels are essential in stomatal regulation, but O3 has never before been shown to affect these directly. Major conclusions, solution, achievements 1. Ozone inhibits light-induced stomatal opening in epidermal peels isolated from Vicia faba, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum in V. faba plants this leads to reduced assimilation without a direct effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. Stomatal opening is more sensitive to O3 than stomatal closure. 2. Ozone causes inhibition of inward K+ channels (involved in stomatal opening) while no detectable effect is observed o the outward K+ channels (stomatal closure). 3. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits stomatal opening and induces stomatal closure in epidermal peels isolated from Vicia faba. 4. Hydrogen peroxide enhances stomatal closure by increasing K+ efflux from guard cells via outward rectifying K+ channels. 5. Based on epidermal peel experiments we have indirectly shown that Ca2+ may play a role in the guard cell response to O3. However, direct measurement of the guard cell [Ca2+]cyt did not show a response to O3. 6. Three Israeli cultivars of zucchini, Clarita, Yarden and Bareqet, were shown to be relatively sensitive to O3 (0.12 ml1-1 ). 7. Two environmentally important Israeli pine species are adversely affected by O3, even at 0.050 ml1-1 , a level frequently exceeded under local tropospheric conditions. P. brutia may be better equipped than P. halepensis to tolerate O3 stress. 8. Ozone directly affects pigment biosynthesis in pine seedlings, as well as the metabolism of O5 precursors, thus affecting the allocation of resources among various metabolic pathways. 9. Ozone induces activity of antioxidant enzymes, and of ascorbate content i the mesophyll and epidermis cells of Commelina communis L. Implications, both scientific and agricultural We have improved the understanding of how O3 and H2O2 do affect guard cell and stomatal function. We have shown that economical important Israeli species like zucchini and pine are relatively sensitive to O3.

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Solomon, P. R., Yuxin Zhao e D. S. Pines. Feasibility study for an advanced coal fired heat exchanger/gas turbine topping cycle for a high efficiency power plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7089854.

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Solomon, P. R., Y. Zhao, D. Pines, R. C. Buggeln e S. J. Shamroth. Feasibility study for an advanced coal fired heat exchanger/gas turbine topping cycle for a high efficiency power plant. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10135308.

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Jones, Nicole S., Jeri D. Ropero-Miller, Heather Waltke, Danielle McLeod-Henning, Danielle Weiss e Hannah Barcus. Proceedings of the International Forensic Radiology Research Summit May 10–11, 2016, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. RTI Press, settembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.cp.0005.1709.

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On May 10–11, 2016, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI; Dutch Ministry of Security and Justice of the Netherlands), the International Society for Forensic Radiology and Imaging (ISFRI), the International Association of Forensic Radiographers (IAFR), and NIJ’s Forensic Technology Center of Excellence (FTCoE) at RTI International organized and convened the International Forensic Radiology Research Summit (IFRRS) at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam. The summit assembled 40 international subject matter experts in forensic radiology, to include researchers, practitioners, government employees, and professional staff from 14 countries. The goal of this 2-day summit was to identify gaps, challenges, and research needs to produce a road map to success regarding the state of forensic radiology, including formulating a plan to address the obstacles to implementation of advanced imaging technologies in medicolegal investigations. These proceedings summarize the meeting’s important exchange of technical and operational information, ideas, and solutions for the community and other stakeholders of forensic radiology.

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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, settembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.

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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.

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Solomon, P. R., Y. Zhao, R. C. Buggeln e S. J. Shamroth. Feasibility study for an advanced coal fired heat exchanger/gas turbine topping cycle for a high efficiency power plant. Technical report, April 1, 1993--June 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143778.

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Solomon, P. R., Y. Zhao, R. C. Buggeln e S. J. Shamroth. Feasibility study for an advanced coal fired heat exchanger/gas turbine topping cycle for a high efficiency power plant. Technical report, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143781.

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Solomon, P. R., Yuxin Zhao e D. S. Pines. Feasibility study for an advanced coal fired heat exchanger/gas turbine topping cycle for a high efficiency power plant. Technical report, September 10, 1992--December 31, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133353.

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Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker e Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.

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A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249

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