Bibliografie tematiche / Pigments

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pigments"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 9 giugno 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pigments"

1

Bacarji, Edgar, Fabíolla Xavier Rocha Ferreira, Larissa Alves de Souza, and Henrique Santiago de Camargo. "BLOCOS MODULARES NÃO CONVENCIONAIS COM SUBPRODUTOS DE BRITAGEM: INFLUÊNCIA DE PIGMENTOS INORGÂNICOS." REEC - Revista Eletrônica de Engenharia Civil 19, no. 1 (May 12, 2023): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/reec.v19i1.74966.

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RESUMO: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adição dos pigmentos inorgânicos nas cores vermelha, amarela e verde em blocos destinados à construção modular. Os blocos foram fabricados com o traço 1:5 (cimento: agregados totais), em massa, utilizando como agregados areia artificial, fíler e micro fíler; todos, subprodutos de britagem. Foram incorporados 0% (traço de referência), 5%, 10% e 15% dos pigmentos em relação à massa do cimento e em substituição parcial ao fíler. Para a confecção dos blocos, utilizou-se uma prensa hidráulica com capacidade de prensagem de 8,0 tf. Foram determinadas as densidades dos blocos e realizados os ensaios de absorção total de água e de resistência à compressão. Além disso, com o fim de analisar os efeitos dos pigmentos sobre a porosidade dos blocos, foram realizados ensaios de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), que indicaram uma microestrutura mais densa para os blocos que apresentaram menor absorção total de água. Verificou-se ainda que o efeito da adição dos pigmentos varia conforme o formato dos grãos e porcentagem de pigmento. Os blocos que tiveram melhores desempenhos mecânicos foram os com 5% de pigmento amarelo, 10% e 15% de pigmento verde e 15% de pigmento vermelho, todos estes com desempenhos superiores ao desempenho dos blocos de referência, sem pigmento. ABSTRACT: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of inorganic pigments in red, yellow, and green colors in blocks intended for modular construction. The blocks were manufactured with the mix 1:5 (cement: total aggregates), in mass, using artificial sand, filler and micro filler as aggregates; all crushing by-products. Reference mix (0%) and 5%, 10% and 15% of the pigments were incorporated in relation to the cement mass and in partial replacement of the filler. To make the blocks, a hydraulic press with a pressing capacity of 8.0 ton was used. Block densities were determined, and total water absorption and compressive strength tests were performed. Furthermore, to analyze the effects of pigments on the porosity of the blocks, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests were carried out, which indicated a denser microstructure for the blocks that showed lower total water absorption. It was also found that the effect of adding pigments varies according to the shape of the grains and the percentage of pigment. The blocks that had the best mechanical performance were those with 5% of yellow pigment, 10% and 15% of green pigment and 15% of red pigment, all of which performed better than the reference blocks without pigment.
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Lin, Lan, and Jianping Xu. "Production of Fungal Pigments: Molecular Processes and Their Applications." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9010044.

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Abstract (sommario):
Due to the negative environmental and health effects of synthetic colorants, pigments of natural origins of plants and microbes constitute an abundant source for the food, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The demands for natural alternatives, which involve natural colorants and natural biological processes for their production, have been growing rapidly in recent decades. Fungi contain some of the most prolific pigment producers, and they excel in bioavailability, yield, cost-effectiveness, and ease of large-scale cell culture as well as downstream processing. In contrast, pigments from plants are often limited by seasonal and geographic factors. Here, we delineate the taxonomy of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments, with a focus on the biosynthesis of four major categories of pigments: carotenoids, melanins, polyketides, and azaphilones. The molecular mechanisms and metabolic bases governing fungal pigment biosynthesis are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the environmental factors that are known to impact the synthesis of different fungal pigments. Most of the environmental factors that enhance fungal pigment production are related to stresses. Finally, we highlight the challenges facing fungal pigment utilization and future trends of fungal pigment development. This integrated review will facilitate further exploitations of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments for broad applications.
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LYONS, ANTHONY V., and GREGG REED. "Pigmented aqueous barrier coatings." November 2020 19, no. 11 (December 1, 2020): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.11.551.

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Abstract (sommario):
The desire for more sustainable packaging has led to the development of new packaging materials that are fiber based. Aqueous coatings are a pathway to improve the recyclability of these materials. Pigments used in these coatings can improve the performance of the coating and reduce cost while further improving the recyclability. Mineral pigments are also considered to be compost neutral. In this paper, we provide the reader a better fundamental understanding of the mechanisms by which pigments work in barrier coatings. A pigment’s mineralogy and physical characteristics are important to how it will perform, and there have been recent pigment developments that improve coating performance. This paper shows that some pigments are better than others in particular barrier applications. Also, pigmented base or pre-coats can be used to prepare the surface for more highly functional coatings that go on top, improving the barrier function of packaging material and reducing overall cost. Finally, the converting operation is of major importance in driving formulation choices for barrier applications.
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Leow, M. E. L., R. K. K. Ow, S. Valiyaveettil, M. H. Lee, and R. W. H. Pho. "Colourfast pigments in silicone hand and maxillofacial prostheses." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 26, no. 2 (August 2002): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640208726635.

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This study addresses the clinical problem of long-term discolouration of silicone hand and maxillofacial prostheses. Seven (7) pigment hues, considered essential for achieving a suitable tissue colour-matched prosthesis, were compared for their colourfast property, across three selected proprietary formulations. In all, a series of 21 pigments, were tested for colourfastness. The pigments, presenting as suspensions (PS), pastes (PP) and dry pigments (PD), were exposed, over nine months, to ultraviolet light, elevated temperatures and varying concentrations of salinity. Colour change of the pigments was measured and expressed as Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) (L∗, a∗, b∗) units. Pigment discoloration was significantly attributed to ultraviolet light. Pigmented and clear silicone samples showed a “yellowing” (+Δb∗) effect. Lighter pigments became darker (-ΔL∗) in shade. Pigment samples at the elevated temperature of 50°C showed significant but small colour change (?E, 0.77 to 3.63). Only the master blue pigment (PS-4) recorded a higher ?E, 6.26 at 50°C. At a moderate temperature of 35°C, both pigmented and clear silicone test samples remained relatively colourfast. Comparison was made to control samples, stored in darkness, at 26°C. The pigments were generally colourfast (ΔE<6 units) to saline solutions of 0.15M and 5.0M concentrations. Only the monastral red (PD-3) pigment recorded a ΔE of 9.33, in 0.15M normal saline, simulating the vulnerability of this pigment to the salinity of human sweat. Pigment hues were systematically ranked according to colourfastness. Pigment suspensions were more colourfast than pigment pastes.
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Ramesh, Chatragadda, V. R. Prasastha, Mekala Venkatachalam, and Laurent Dufossé. "Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation." Fermentation 8, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8090460.

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Pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria, and microalgae have been gaining more demand in the food, leather, and textile industries due to their natural origin and effective bioactive functions. Mass production of microbial pigments using inexpensive and ecofriendly agro-industrial residues is gaining more demand in the current research due to their low cost, natural origin, waste utilization, and high pigment stimulating characteristics. A wide range of natural substrates has been employed in submerged fermentation as carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance the pigment production from these microorganisms to obtain the required quantity of pigments. Submerged fermentation is proven to yield more pigment when added with agro-waste residues. Hence, in this review, aspects of potential pigmented microbes such as diversity, natural substrates that stimulate more pigment production from bacteria, fungi, yeast, and a few microalgae under submerged culture conditions, pigment identification, and ecological functions are detailed for the benefit of industrial personnel, researchers, and other entrepreneurs to explore pigmented microbes for multifaceted applications. In addition, some important aspects of microbial pigments are covered herein to disseminate the knowledge.
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Lebeau, Juliana, Thomas Petit, Mireille Fouillaud, Laurent Dufossé, and Yanis Caro. "Alternative Extraction and Characterization of Nitrogen-Containing Azaphilone Red Pigments and Ergosterol Derivatives from the Marine-Derived Fungal Talaromyces sp. 30570 Strain with Industrial Relevance." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121920.

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Many species of Talaromyces of marine origin could be considered as non-toxigenic fungal cell factory. Some strains could produce water-soluble active biopigments in submerged cultures. These fungal pigments are of interest due to their applications in the design of new pharmaceutical products. In this study, the azaphilone red pigments and ergosterol derivatives produced by a wild type of Talaromyces sp. 30570 (CBS 206.89 B) marine-derived fungal strain with industrial relevance were described. The strain was isolated from the coral reef of the Réunion island. An alternative extraction of the fungal pigments using high pressure with eco-friendly solvents was studied. Twelve different red pigments were detected, including two pigmented ergosterol derivatives. Nine metabolites were identified using HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS as Monascus-like azaphilone pigments. In particular, derivatives of nitrogen-containing azaphilone red pigment, like PP-R, 6-[(Z)-2-Carboxyvinyl]-N-GABA-PP-V, N-threonine-monascorubramin, N-glutaryl-rubropunctamin, monascorubramin, and presumed N-threonyl-rubropunctamin (or acid form of the pigment PP-R) were the major pigmented compounds produced. Interestingly, the bioproduction of these red pigments occurred only when complex organic nitrogen sources were present in the culture medium. These findings are important for the field of the selective production of Monascus-like azaphilone red pigments for the industries.
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Widyaningrum, D., N. F. Sadek, D. Cecilia, R. A. Oktafika, and F. Tedjakusuma. "The effect of temperature and encapsulation on the stability of microalgae pigments." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012090.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Microalgae pigments are gaining interest in food industry applications as food additives by providing color and health benefits such as antioxidant properties. The pigment’s sensitivity to heat, pH, oxygen, and other conditions may reduce or lose its function in food products. Due to the sensitivity and instability of microalgae pigment, strategies are needed to protect and retain pigment from reducing their functions. Thirty-two research papers related to the topic published during 2012-2022 were employed in the review. This review focuses on astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis, and β-Carotene from Dunaliella salina, as widely known microalgae pigments. This paper provides information about the effect of temperature during processing and storage on the stability of the pigments. Strategies to improve pigment stability by encapsulation were also discussed. The study concluded that temperature is one of the essential factors that affects microalgae stability. Furthermore, encapsulation may provide a potential solution to protect and maintain the stability of microalgae pigments.
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Kohl, Miroslav, Fouzy Alafid, Karolína Boštíková, Anna Krejčová, Stanislav Slang, Dominik Řezníček, Radim Hrdina, and Andréa Kalendová. "Preparation and Testing of Anti-Corrosion Properties of New Pigments Containing Structural Units of Melamine and Magnesium Cations (Mg2+)." Coatings 13, no. 11 (November 19, 2023): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13111968.

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Abstract (sommario):
This paper deals with the properties and testing of newly prepared organic pigments based on melamine cyanurate containing magnesium or zinc cations depending on their composition and anticorrosive properties in model coatings. Organic pigments based on melamine cyanurate with Mg2+ in the form of a complex differing in the ratio of melamine and cyanurate units were prepared. Furthermore, a pigment based on melamine citrate with magnesium cation Mg2+, a pigment based on melamine citrate with magnesium cation, and a pigment based on melamine cyanurate with zinc cation were prepared. The properties of Mg-containing organic pigments were also compared with those of selected magnesium-containing inorganic oxide-type pigments. The above-synthesized pigments were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the basic parameters that are indicative of the applicability of the pigments in the binders of anti-corrosion coatings were determined. The anti-corrosive properties of the tested pigments were verified after application to the epoxy-ester resin-based paint binder in three different concentrations: at pigment volume concentrations of 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%. The anticorrosive effectiveness of pigmented organic coatings was verified by cyclic corrosion tests in a salt electrolyte fog (NaCl + (NH4)2SO4) in an atmosphere containing SO2 and by the electrochemical technique of linear polarization. Finally, the effect of the structure of the pigments on the mechanical resistance of the organic coatings was investigated. The results obtained showed that the new organic pigments exhibit anticorrosive properties, and at the same time, differences in performance were found depending on the structure of the pigments tested. Specifically, the results of cyclic corrosion tests and the electrochemical technique of linear polarization clearly demonstrated that synthesized pigments of the organic type based on melamine cyanurate containing magnesium or zinc cations ensure the anti-corrosion efficiency of the tested organic coatings. The highest anti-corrosion efficiency was achieved by the system pigmented with synthesized melamine cyanurate with magnesium cation (C12H16MgN18O6), whose anti-corrosion efficiency was comparable to the anti-corrosion efficiency of the tested inorganic pigment MgFe2O4, which was prepared by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis. In addition, these organic coatings achieved high mechanical resistance after being tested using the most used standardized mechanical tests.
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Hewagama, H. L., G. M. T. K. Somarathna, L. Herath, and S. E. Peiris. "Microbial Pigment Isolation, Culturing, and Extraction to Use as Textile Dyes." SLIIT Journal of Humanities and Sciences 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2024): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sjhs.v4i2.59.

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The textile industry is one of the largest worldwide polluters of clean water due to the heavy use of synthetic dyes. These chemicals negatively affect the environment, especially aquatic life due to their toxic and mutagenic properties. Synthetic dyes cause harm to human health such as skin allergies and respiratory sensitization. Several advantages such as ease of extraction, availability, high yields and no seasonal variation make microbial pigments the most ideal source of natural pigments. This study was done to isolate colour pigment producing bacteria and fungi from soil collected from organic farms from various locations in Sri Lanka. Out of 7 soil samples, 3 yielded pigment producing bacteria and fungi. In total, 9 pigment producing bacteria and 3 pigment producing fungi were isolated. Gause’s synthetic agar yielded the most pigmented isolates. Isolates were inoculated in broths and pigment production was observed. Extracellular pigments produced by 5 of the bacterial isolates were extracted by a water-based method. The antibacterial activity of the pigments in their crude and concentrated forms was tested using the well diffusion method against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P. Inhibition zone against S. aureus was observed for both crude (12.33±0.58mm) and concentrated pigments (9.67±0.58mm) extracted from purple pigment producing bacterial isolate (BPU). This pigment has the potential to be used in antibacterial textile preparation. Extracted pigments were used to dye scoured cotton fabric with the use of 3% alum as mordant. Pigment from BPU isolate resulted in better coloured fabric.
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P. Nanaware, Jayashri, Shah K.S., and Pathade G.R. "Isolation and Screening of Pigment Producing Bacteria from Soil and Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Pigments." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.004.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pigments are colored compounds that play important roles in various biological systems, such as photosynthesis, vision, and signalling. Pigment-producing bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that can produce a wide range of pigments with different colors and properties. The present study is aimed to isolate the pigment-producing bacteria from the soil with the antibacterial activity of pigments. Soil samples were collected from nearby Karad city. All eight different pigmented colonies were isolated that produced the pigments like Yellow, Red, Golden Yellow, and Orange and they were designated as YP-I, YP-II, YP-II, GYP-I, GYP-II, RP-I, RP-II, and OP. The isolated organisms were characterized with the help of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. The pigments were extracted with a solvent like chloroform and the antibacterial activity of the extract was tested against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extracted pigments had an inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. The pigments of isolates designated as YP-III, GYP-I, GY-II, and RP-II showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli.
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Tesi sul tema "Pigments"

1

Hélot, Frédérique. "Les pigments minéraux." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P046.

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Lawani, Leonard Olu. "Characterization of the Pigment-Protein and Pigment-ester of Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Juglandis." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798279/.

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The objectives of this project were to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic method for separating the pigment esters mixture, to determine the locations of the pigment moiety in the isolated esters using pholosiphases, and to characterize the pigment-protein complex and determine its distribution in other bacteria. Saponification of the two pigment esters 1 and 2 with aqueous KOH yielded two free pigments on TLC plates developed by two solvent systems. The fasters moving of these two free pigments co-chromatographed with the one free pigment produced from each pigment ester by phospholipase A2 treatment. This suggests that the pigment molecule is a methoxy derivative of xanthomonadin and is esterified to the 2-position of the glycerol moiety of each pigment ester. No free pigment was released from phospholipases C and D treatment of the two pigment esters, indicating that pigment is not esterified to the sorbitol or phosphate moiety of pigment esters 1 or 2.
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Majmudar, R. N. "Lake pigments." Thesis(Ph.D.), University of Bombay, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3679.

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Beauquier, Myriam. "Classification et description chimique des pigments des champignons." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P026.

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Beltrán, Suito Rodrigo. "Surprisingly green: copper and its pigments." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99887.

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El premio Ig Nobel de Química 2012 fue otorgado al ingeniero sueco Johan Petterson por explicar que el cobre era el responsable de teñir el cabello de verde a los habitantes de una pequeña población sueca. En la naturaleza existen numerosos compuestos verdes de cobre, que se usan como pigmentos, y está presente también en las hemocianinas, enzimas sanguíneas de algunos artrópodos y moluscos.<br>The 2012 Ig Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Johan Petterson, a Swedish engineer who discovered that copper was responsible for turning hair green in a little Swedish town. Many green copper compounds used as pigments are present in nature and there are also the hemocyanins, copper-containing proteins found in the blood of some arthropods and mollusks.
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Engel, Eva. "Tattoo pigments in skin : determination and quantitative extraction of red tattoo pigments." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2008/850/.

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Kirk, Christopher J. "Pigments for the 21st century." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12528.

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Materials with potential for high temperature inorganic pigment applications (e.g. ceramics) have been synthesised using solid state methods and characterised using powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, magic angle spinning NMR, Mossbauer spectroscopy, UVNis spectroscopy and colour measurement techniques. A number of compounds containing tin (H) and niobium (V) have been modified and doped with various constituents to tailor and widen the colour properties of the bright yellow parent phases. The dark yellow (L*(91.28), a*(13.74), b*(54.76)) tin niobium oxide pyrochlores have been re-characterised using neutron diffraction techniques. These materials exhibit both cation and anion disorder caused by a stereoactive lone pair on the tin (H) metal centres. Solid state NMR and Mossbauer studies have shown the presence of tin (IV) on a symmetric site within the primary phase of the pure oxide pyrochlore and methods have been investigated to minimise the tin (H) disproportion method from where the tin (IV) is derived.
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Pegg, N. A. "Synthesis of natural fungal pigments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380151.

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Boyce, Geraldine. "Electron crystallography of organic pigments." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340747.

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Ammora, Ayham Awad. "Novel polymer-based luminescent pigments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621865.

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Libri sul tema "Pigments"

1

Hashimoto, Hisashi, Makoto Goda, Ryo Futahashi, Robert Kelsh, and Toyoko Akiyama, eds. Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3.

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Carothers, Milena. Pigments. [Claremont, California]: Scripps College Press, 2017.

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3

Nicholas, Eastaugh, ed. The pigment compendium: A dictionary of historical pigments. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

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Nicholas, Eastaugh, ed. The pigment compendium: A dictionary of historical pigments. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

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Nicholas, Eastaugh, and State University College at Buffalo. Dept. of Art Conservation, eds. The pigment compendium: Optical microscopy of historical pigments. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, 2004.

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Babington, Mary F., Anna Docktor, Tonia P. Bell, and Lori L. Mort. Dyes & pigments. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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Roy, Suzanne, Carole Llewellyn, Einar Skarstad Egeland, and Geir Johnsen, eds. Phytoplankton Pigments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511732263.

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Lewis, Peter A. Organic pigments. Philadelphia, PA, USA (1315 Walnut St., Philadelphia 19107): Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 1988.

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Ahluwalia, V. K. Natural pigments. Oxford, U.K: Alpha Science International, 2010.

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W, Goodwin T., ed. Plant pigments. London: Academic Press, 1988.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pigments"

1

Paitio, José, and Yuichi Oba. "Bioluminescence and Pigments." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 149–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_5.

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Futahashi, Ryo, and Mizuko Osanai-Futahashi. "Pigments in Insects." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 3–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_1.

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Kimura, Tetsuaki. "Pigments in Teleosts and their Biosynthesis." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 127–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_4.

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Hashimoto, Hisashi, Makoto Goda, and Robert N. Kelsh. "Pigment Cell Development in Teleosts." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 209–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_7.

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Miyazawa, Seita, Masakatsu Watanabe, and Shigeru Kondo. "Theoretical Studies of Pigment Pattern Formation." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 293–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_9.

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Owen, Jennifer, Christian Yates, and Robert N. Kelsh. "Pigment Patterning in Teleosts." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 247–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_8.

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Moriyama, Minoru. "Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Insect Color Change Towards Understanding Molecular Links." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 451–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_15.

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Arnheiter, Heinz, and Julien Debbache. "Development of Melanin-Bearing Pigment Cells in Birds and Mammals." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 185–208. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_6.

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Yoshioka, Shinya, and Toyoko Akiyama. "Mechanisms of Feather Structural Coloration and Pattern Formation in Birds." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 343–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_11.

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Goda, Makoto, and Takeo Kuriyama. "Physiological and Morphological Color Changes in Teleosts and in Reptiles." In Pigments, Pigment Cells and Pigment Patterns, 387–423. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1490-3_13.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pigments"

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Olson, Ahren, Todd Williams, Mark Hudson, and C. Wayne Fleming. "Two-Coat Polyaspartic Urethane Coatings Protect Virginia Steel Bridges for over a Decade." In SSPC 2016 Greencoat, 1–28. SSPC, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2016-00053.

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Abstract (sommario):
Protective coatings have been used for more than a century to protect steel bridges from corrosion. Oil-based coatings with lead and chromium pigments applied directly over mill scale were the industry standard for almost 100 years, and provided excellent protection against corrosion at a reasonable price. In the mid-1960s, use of lead-based paints declined and zinc became the inhibitive pigment of choice1. Zinc-based pigments galvanically couple to steel, causing the zinc pigments to sacrifice themselves as they are anodic to the steel. For more than 40 years, zinc-rich primers in three-coat systems have been considered state-of-the-art technologies for preventing corrosion of steel bridge structures. Typically the zinc-rich primer is topcoated with two additional coats to improve aesthetics and barrier properties along with chemical, corrosion, and abrasion resistance.2
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Kirmaier, Lars, Susanne Bender, and Andreas Heyn. "In Zinc We Trust? - Zinc-Free Anti-Corrosive Pigments." In SSPC 2015 Greencoat, 1–5. SSPC, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2015-00032.

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Abstract (sommario):
The use of suitable anti-corrosive pigments has a significant influence on the protective properties of formulations for metal substrates. The mode of action of an anti-corrosive pigment is attributed to the following factors: ○Increase in film strength○Prevention of rust creepage and underfilm corrosion at defect areas○General retardation of the corrosion process○Cathodic and/or anodic passivation of the metal surface
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White, David. "Complex Inorganic Colored Pigments and IR Reflective Pigments for Waterborne Coatings." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat, 1–10. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00060.

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Abstract As we continue to move towards a solvent free society and further into waterborne there are 2 classes of pigments that are more important than ever. Complex inorganic pigments and IR reflective pigments offer outstanding properties. The IR reflective pigments reduce the thermo binder degradation therefore giving the waterborne resins longer durability. Complex Inorganic Colored Pigments are all the rage these days. They offer the hiding power of inorganic pigments but with a much higher Chroma. They also offer 2 year Florida exposure and a less than 1 delta E fade resistance. So combining the hiding power of inorganics with the fade resistance of high performance organics gives the formulator a great deal of flexibility. By rigid control of particle size distribution and smaller particle sizes a higher strength, better dispersibility and less abrasive CICP can be created. The higher strength can also be accomplished by incorporating more coloring ions into the structure of the CICP. IR Reflective pigments are becoming popular in many applications to reduce the effect of solar heat. TSR, total solar reflectance is becoming a popular vernacular in the coatings industry. These IR Reflective pigments are being incorporated into Universal Colorants to be used in Point of Sale (POS). The ecological contribution of NIR Reflecting pigments are interior Heat management by reduced heat flux (Reduced energy consumption for cooling), increased lifetime by reduced thermal binder degradation, (Arrhenius-Equation k = A * exp (-Ea/RT)) (Exponential increase of degradation rate in relation to temperature), Increased lifetime by reduced thermo mechanical stress. IR Reflective colorants can lower surface temperatures in coatings. The potential for energy savings depends on climate conditions, isolation, color (TSR before/ after), cooling/heating sources, Etc. It has been reported in literature that savings can be from 2- 40% with an average savings of 20%.
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Weinell, Claus E., and Soeren Nyborg Rasmussen. "Advancement in Zinc Rich Epoxy Primers for Corrosion Protection." In CORROSION 2007, 1–13. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07007.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The protecting mechanism of zinc rich coatings is mainly based on cathodic protection provided by the zinc dust in the paint. Cathode protection by zinc is finite; however, since after the zinc has been corroding for some time the electrical conductivity diminishes and at the same time zinc corrosion products build up on the zinc dust pigments and polarizes the zinc. The zinc primer still protects the steel substrate but the galvanic activity is taken over by post-cathodic protection which is based on barrier and inhibitive protection provided by the zinc corrosion products, also named “post-cathodic protection”. Improvement of the protecting mechanism can be obtained by formulation with auxiliary pigments combining the effects from size distribution and packing, pigment oil absorption, cathodic inhibition etc. A preliminary test result is given in this paper.
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Guruviah, S., and M. Sundaram. "Role of Inhibitive Pigments on the Protection of Metals by Organic Coatings." In CORROSION 1989, 1–14. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89141.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Pigments play an important role in controlling corrosion. Inhibitive pigments are extensively used since they protect the metal surface by modifying the environments. The protective effect of inhibiting pigments is mainly due to the formation of a passive oxide film and soluble inhibitive ions. The evaluations of the paints containing these inhibitive pigments such as chromates, phosphates, red lead and zinc dust by electrochemical, accelerated and field trials are described in this paper.
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March, Ricard. "Anticorrosive Zn Free Pigments: Their Performance." In SSPC 2014 Greencoat, 1–12. SSPC, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2014-00030.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Anticorrosive pigments are key compounds in coating formulations to protect the metallic substrates on which coatings are applied. As these products are subjected to an increasing demand for more sustainable products, new ranges of zinc-free anticorrosive pigments are being developed. Their activity and protection mechanism are based on the combination of selected inorganic and organic compounds and they consist in a specially tailored core part based on silicate and phosphate chemistries with an organic surface treatment. Their anticorrosive mechanism is based on the precipitation of phosphate and oxide-like compounds that provide anodic and cathodic protection of the metal substrate, while the organic part increases the barrier effect and the compatibility with the resin, enhancing the anticorrosive performance of the paint. The methodology used to develop new pigments and to verify their anticorrosive properties involves both formulating and testing through the use of accelerated tests. The most common are the evaluation of coatings by means of the salt fog spray and prohesion tests, which require very long exposure times and only a qualitative evaluation of the rusting, adhesion, blistering or cracking in the different exposed zones. In the present work the development of anticorrosive pigments by means of classic accelerated tests but also fast electrochemical techniques is presented as an alternative to the traditional methodology.
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Connor, Mitch, and Dan Baribault. "Benefits of Micaceous Iron Oxide, Aluminum Flake and Glass Flake Filled High Performance Coatings." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2007, 1–14. SSPC, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2007-00018.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract For several decades, engineered coatings have been used to protect steel from corrosion. Many formulas were made and tested for their ability to prevent corrosion. Changes in the formulas would include different resins, pigments, solvents and additives. In this paper, we will talk about three specific pigments, which are also commonly referred to as reinforcing pigments. These reinforcing pigments are micaceous iron oxide, aluminum flake and glass flake. These fillers when used in high performance coatings will improve various performance properties. Improved performance properties would include film strength, flexibility, impermeability, temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, edge retention, cathodic protection, chemical resistance and corrosion resistance.
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Goodwin, Ian. "Are You Restricted by Your Total Solar Reflectance Performance?" In SSPC 2013 Greencoat, 1–8. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00023.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Cool coatings can play an important role in reducing global energy consumption and increasing interior comfort. They do this by minimizing solar absorption on a surface whilst maximizing thermal emission. Used in this way, a cool coating is able to reduce the flow of heat from the exterior coated surface into the building, resulting in lower internal temperatures. The reduction in the internal temperature can reduce the need for electricity used to power air conditioning units used for cooling. The benefits for buildings have been quantified in studies produced by Lawrence Berkeley National. Traditionally, white coatings have been used to raise solar reflectance in an exterior coating however, there is a growing need for good solar reflection in bright, vibrant and dark colors. A new pigment is introduced that enables formulators to increase solar reflection in a broad range of colours, especially deep, dark colours1. This new innovation enables solar reflective properties to be created from a single additive. Color can then be created with the use of a wide variety of conventional pigments with guidance on color formulation generated from a proprietary software program. In developing the technology, titanium dioxide crystals have been engineered to optimise the ratio of near infrared reflectance to visible reflectance and encapsulated them in dense silica coating for durability. Finally the product has been treated to give outstanding dispersibility. The presentation will review the potential benefits of cool coatings and how this new solar reflective pigment can improve total solar reflectance when combined with colored pigments in a range of colored coating systems.
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Fancy, Saiada Fuadi, Md Ahsan Sabbir, Kingsley Lau, and Dale DeFord. "Extended Connectivity of Zinc Pigments to Provide Enhanced Galvanic Coupling by Partial Replacement with Nano-particles." In CORROSION 2019, 1–14. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13470.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Zinc rich primer coatings (ZRP) have become widely used since the 1980's for corrosion mitigation. The effectiveness of the ZRP coating strongly depends on the pigment volume concentration and bonding to the steel substrate. Beneficial cathodic polarization occurs when the dispersed zinc pigments have continuity with the steel substrate. Carbon nano-particles are being considered in the development of the ZRP coating systems considering its physical, electrical and mechanical properties. Therefore this is of interest to identify the extent of possible corrosion mitigation of a nano-particle enriched epoxy primer coating (NPE-ZRP). In order to assess the effect of nano-particles on zinc electrochemical coupling, the extent of zinc consumption, steel corrosion development, and coating degradation were addressed. The test condition of major importance to promote electrochemical activity of the zinc, includes both oxidation and reduction reactions. A traditional ZRP coating was studied to reference the performance of nano-particles. After exposure, physical parameter such as disbondment length, pull-off strength and cross-sectional micrographic analysis were done to elucidate the nano-particles influence. Apparent enhanced continuity of zinc pigments due to either improved conductivity or higher coating mechanical adhesion afforded by the nano-particles was observed.
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Weaver, William, Lynn Chikosha, and Matthew Sharp. "Characterisation of a Novel Hybrid Anti-corrosive System Comprising Graphene Nano Platelets and Non-Metal-containing Anti-corrosive Pigments." In CORROSION 2019, 1–15. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13266.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Applied Graphene Materials produces a number of graphene nano-platelet (GNPs) dispersions, enabling properties such as electrical/thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, gas permeability and barrier type to be achieved Anti-corrosive pigments have come under environmental pressure. The challenge is to develop anti- corrosive systems with performance equal to that of current anti-corrosive pigments. Prior work has demonstrated that very small additions of GNPs decreased water vapour transmission rates and extended time to initial corrosion and has been explained by the tortuous pathway created by the addition of GNPs to a host matrix. It has also been postulated that there is an anodic/cathodic process taking place in conjunction with typical active anti-corrosive pigments. This work is benchmarking GNPs against and in combination with commercially available anti-corrosive pigments via electrochemical, corrosion, and mechanical testing. We seek to characterise the mechanisms by which GNPs work as anti-corrosive pigments and investigate synergistic effects which will allow improvements in coatings anti-corrosive performance. Electrochemical AC impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and corrosion potential (OCP) measurements has been used to probe the properties of GNP-epoxy coatings. In their simplest form, values of impedance provide useful information concerning the passive barrier properties of a coating.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pigments"

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Dave, Foram, Mahmood Ali, Mozaffar Mokhtari, Richard Sherlock, Alistair Mcllhagger, and David Tormey. Effect of pigments on laser beam transmission in diode laser transmission welding of poly(propylene). Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.pc.4.

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Welding technologies are state of the art for joining polymer composites, with one of the two joining parts considered laser transmissive (LT) and the other laser absorptive (LA). Pigments are often added to LT to enhance the crystallinity of the polymer matrix. However, pigments lead to internal scattering of the laser beam and the rate of transmission or the laser energy density decreases. Depending upon the type and amount of pigments added in the formulation of LT, the percentage of the laser beam transmitted, absorbed, or scattered differs. Laser welding performance depends on the laser energy available for welding after considering the losses. In the present study, optical transmission of injection molded isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples were analyzed with a varying dosage of organic pigment (neat PP, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) using a LPKF TMG 3 transmission tester. The device uses a wavelength of 980 nm and simulates the optical radiation conditions of diode laser transmission welding (LTW). The percentage transmission varied with the sample thickness and the composition percentage of pigment. The modified Bouguer-Lambert law described the transmission energy and apparent extinction coefficient. The model was validated with the experimental value of transmittances of the samples with varying sample thicknesses of iPP. There was a decrease in the percentage of laser transmission with an increase in the pigment content of the samples. It was found that the apparent extinction coefficient is a function of the pigment levels.
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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Travis Thornell, Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu, Dane Wedgeworth, Hayden Hanna, Robert Jones, Alison Thurston, and Robyn Barbato. Characterization of pigmented microbial isolates for use in material applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46633.

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Organisms (i.e., plants and microorganisms) contain pigments that allow them to adapt and thrive under stressful conditions, such as elevated ultraviolet radiation. The pigments elicit characteristic spectral responses when measured by active and passive sensors. This research study focused on characterizing the spectral response of three organisms and how they compared to background spectral signatures of a complex environment. Specifically, spectra were collected from a fungus, a plant, and two pigmented bacteria, one of which is an extremophile bacterium. The samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dis-criminated using chemometric means. A top-down examination of the spectral data revealed that organisms could be discriminated from one an-other through principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, there was a strong distinction between the plant and the pigmented microorganisms. Spectral differences resulting in samples with the highest variance from the natural background were identified using PCA loading plots. The outcome of this work is a spectral library of pigmented biological candidates for coatings applications.
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Van Patten, P. G., R. J. Donohoe, J. S. Lindsey, and D. F. Bocian. Investigations of biomimetic light energy harvesting pigments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296683.

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Patterson, Philip, and William Lum. Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyses of Pigments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353710.

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Turner, Dwight L., and Walter R. Mohn. Evaluation of Water-Thinned Preconstruction Primers Containing No Metal Pigments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455804.

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Liu, Robert S., and Alfred E. Asato. Azulenic Pigments for Near IR Detection and Nonlinear Optical Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379071.

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Sugama, T., and T. Pyatina. Inorganic Corrosion-Inhibitive Pigments for High-Temperature Alkali-activated Well Casing Foam Cement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183248.

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Sugama, T., and T. Pyatina. Inorganic Corrosion-Inhibitive Pigments for High-Temperature Alkali-activated Well Casing Foam Cement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183251.

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Brand, Larry E., and F. C. Stephens. Spatial and Diel Variability in Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Pigments in Shallow Benthic Communities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628277.

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Brand, Larry E., and F. C. Stephens. Spatial and Diel Variability in Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Pigments in Shallow Benthic Communities. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada631647.

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