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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Phytopathogenic microorganisms Reproduction"
1
Parfeniuk, A., e N. Voloshchuk. "Phytopathogenic background formation in agrophytocenoses". Agroecological journal, n. 4 (17 dicembre 2016): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.4.2016.271247.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ways of phytopathogenic background formation at crop growing were described. Necessity of pathogen regulation with activation of biocenotical methods in agrocenoses was shown. Rationality of scientific basis development of plant community using to control of microbiota was demonstrated for management of biosecurity in agrocenoses. Infectious plant diseases, including transgenic are hazard pollution of environment along with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides. They appear and become significant as a result of imbalance of useful and pathogenic microorganisms. The imbalance is caused by highly resistant or highly susceptible varieties, including transgenic. Highly resistant sorts are strict selection factor for virulent pathotypes of pathogenic microorganisms. They are able to quick resistance overcome, rapid reproduction and cause epiphytotia. Highly susceptible sorts stimulate intensive development of highly and low virulent pathotypes. It also leads to epiphytotia that increases the speed of forming processes and contributes to the appearance of new aggressive pathotypes that are able to overcome the resistance of plants and rapid reproduction.
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Patyka, Volodymyr, Natalia Buletsa, Lidiya Pasichnyk, Natalia Zhitkevich, Antonina Kalinichenko, Tatiyana Gnatiuk e Lyudmyla Butsenko. "Specifics of pesticides effects on the phytopathogenic bacteria". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23, n. 2 (1 giugno 2016): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2016-0022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The data concerning the effects of pesticides of different nature on the phytopathogenic bacteria was examined and summarized. Without extensive research on the mechanisms of interaction between pathogenic bacteria and pesticides in the literature review a similar message about microorganisms of soil and phyllosphere are included. The bacteria can be suppressed permanently by pesticides with a mechanism of action that universally affects biological processes in living systems. Long-term storage, ease of use and fast visible effect are the advantages of synthetic pesticides remedies. But chemical pollution, shifts in the balance of ecosystems, unpredictable effects of chemical pesticides on non-target objects are the drawbacks. Stimulation of resistance response in plants is unifying factor for all types of biopesticides. This is realized through localization of the pathogen during infection, blocking its further penetration, distribution and reproduction. The results of the study of effects of plant protection products on the phytopathogenic bacteria of main crops are described. Among all tested pesticides, thiocarbamate fungicides demonstrated significant inhibitory action on phytopathogens, but their effect may be neutralized by other constituents of multicomponent preparations. Triazole fungicides affect the causative agents of bacterioses of crops at a dose of more than 1% of the active substance in the nutrient medium. Insecticides and herbicides have little or no effect on phytopathogenic bacteria; however they can enhance morphological dissociations of some Pseudomonas strains, thereby increasing their ability to survive. The disadvantage of many biopesticides against phytopathogenic microorganisms is the difference between their efficacy in vitro and in vivo that is why the desired result is not achieved in field condition. In addition, biological pesticides often lose their activity causing the problem of constant search for new active antagonists. The fact that the sensitivity of phytopathogenic bacteria to pesticides is strain-dependent should be considered in practice, particularly, assessment of the antibacterial action of various preparations should not be limited to a single bacterial strain.
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Kulbanska, I. M., А. F. Goychuk e M. V. Shvets. "Myco- and microorganisms in the tuberculosis pathology of the common ash in Ukraine and interaction between them". Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science 12, n. 2 (30 giugno 2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/forest2021.02.008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Attention is focused on the fact that in recent years there has been epiphytotic dieback out of many species of forest woody plants both in Ukraine and in other countries of the world, which has a dynamic character and a tendency to grow. In the deep pathology of this phenomenon, phytopathogenic bacteria, which have high reproduction energy and can penetrate the plant both from the outside and cause a pathological process as vital obligates, were left without attention. It has been established that the most common and harmful disease of common ash in Ukraine is tuberculosis. The causative agent of the disease is the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi Gard. affects both trunks, branches and shoots, and inflorescences of common ash. Bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens Mig., Pseudomonas syringae Van., Erwinia herbicola Eh., Xanthomonas sp. were isolated from tuberculous pathology as a concomitant myco- and microbiota and micromycetes Cladosporium cladosporiodes Fres., Ulocladium botrytis Preus., Mycelia sterilia (dark), Mycelia sterilia (orange), Fusarium heterosporum Lin., Fusarium sp., W., Cylindrocarpon didymium Har., etc. The mechanism of systemic relationships of the components of myco- and microbiota of tuberculous pathology of common ash in the regulation (self-regulation) of pathogenicity and aggressiveness of vital obligates has been investigated. Attention is focused on the prospects and expediency of using the antagonistic properties of myco- and microorganisms and biological products based on them for the prevention and protection of tree plantations from bacterial pathogens. It is shown that the pathology of common ash is a multifaceted phenomenon with interrelated processes of an infectious and non-infectious nature. The need to distinguish between the etiology and pathogenesis of this negative phenomenon is indicated, that is, not to mix the factors that lead to the weakening of ordinary ash (factors catalyzing the disease) and the factors that cause its epiphytotic dieback. Keywords: bacteria, fungi, common ash, antagonism, Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi.
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Tkach, Yeuheniia, Alyona Bunas, Victoriya Starodub, Tetyana Pylypchuk e Iryna Gumeniuk. "The Effect of Chemicals of Plant Protection Products on Soil Microbiocenoses". Scientific Horizons 24, n. 9 (26 gennaio 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.24(9).2021.26-35.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the emergence of agriculture, humankind faced numerous difficult tasks. For example, how to use the potential of the soil while saving its quality and functional properties, how to apply agricultural technologies effectively and environmentally friendly, how to make them safe for human health and biota, and many others. There are several informative and reliable recording criteria and indicator systems that fully and comprehensively describe changes in the ecological condition of the soil and agrocenoses. However, all these systems have one defect – the time from the impact of the factor to the “reaction” of the indicator. Early diagnosis of changes in the agrocenosis is possible due to the biological component of the soil, namely the microbiocenosis. Notably, that microorganisms have a large contact surface with the environment, high rates of reproduction in space and time, sensitivity to changing living conditions. The reaction of soil microbiocenosis and its activity (number of microorganisms of ecologicaltrophic and taxonomic groups, respiration intensity, microbial biomass content, and soil phytotoxicity) under the action of chemicals that are the basis of plant protection products (PPP) was studied in the laboratory. It was found that the number of microorganisms of different ecological-trophic and taxonomic groups under the action of a composition of cymoxanil with dimetomorph decreased by 1.5-4.5 times relative to control, chlorperifosmethyl in 1.1-2 times, and prometryn – not more than 1.5. The content of microbial biomass and the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions when using cymoxanil with dimethomorph compared to the control variant decreased by 44% and 51.4-64.8%, respectively; prometryn – by 10-13% and by 8-12%. The highest level of soil phytotoxicity was observed for variants using prometryn (20-24%), the lowest for a composition of cymoxanil with dimetomorph (7-12%). It was shown, that the high level of inhibition of test culture development with the use of prometryn associated with the class of PPP and the mechanism of its effect on the plant organism. Low indicators of soil phytotoxicity and microbiocenosis activity when using cymoxanil with dimetomorph are explained by the influence of the studied composition not only on phytopathogenic micromycetes, but also on all groups of soil micromycetes (cellulose-destroying, saprophytic) that dominate. Therefore, the influence of PPP chemicals on the microbiocenosis can be shown as follows: PROMETRYN (the lowest level of influence) → CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL → CYMOXANIL + DIMETOMORF (the highest level of influence)
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Martínez, Eliana, Celina Torres e Jaime Ernesto Díaz. "Identification of Phytopathogenic Fungi in Cultivars of the Heliconiaceae Family". Revista de Ciencias 21, n. 2 (11 luglio 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/rc.v21i2.6701.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main pathogens that affect the foliage and floral bracts of Heliconia cultivars in Las Heliconias National Park (Caicedonia, Colombia) were identified. Random samples were taken of foliage and floral bracts presenting symptoms of damage caused by phytopathogenic fungi. The degree of damage was described qualitatively and was correlated with the phytosanitary state of the crop. Reports of the evaluated plants indicated that 75% of the pathogens resided in the foliage and 25% resided in the floral bracts. The statistical analysis determined that the microorganisms Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., and Nigrospora sp. appeared equally in the two evaluated organs. The fungal genera found associated with plant sickness symptoms were considered to be phytopathogens. The degree of infection and development of disease varied from moderate lesions to severe infection. Reproductive fungi were present in the different plant organs studied and in organic matter residue in the soil.
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Fait, Maria E., Helen P. S. da Costa, Cleverson D. T. Freitas, Laura Bakás e Susana R. Morcelle. "Antifungal Activity of Arginine-Based Surfactants". Current Bioactive Compounds 15, n. 3 (7 maggio 2019): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180131161302.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background:Amino acid based surfactants constitute an important class of surface active biomolecules showing remarkable biocompatible properties. Antimicrobial activity is one of the most remarkable biological properties of this kind of surfactants, which have been widely studied against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, the antifungal activity of this kind of compound has been less well investigated. The aim of this work is the study of the antifungal activity of two novel argininebased surfactants (Nα-benzoyl-arginine decylamide, Bz-Arg-NHC10 and Nα-benzoyl-arginine dodecylamide, Bz-Arg-NHC12), obtained by an enzymatic strategy, against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophyte strains.Methods:Four phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and two human pathogenic fungi (dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) were tested. Inhibition of vegetative growth and conidia germination was investigated for the phytopathogenic fungi. In order to elucidate the possible mechanism of biocide action, membrane integrity, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Additionally, the inhibition of germination of dermatophyte microconidia due to both arginine-based surfactants was studied. Minimum inhibitory concentration, as well as the concentration that inhibits 50% of germination were determined for both compounds and both fungal strains.Results:For the vegetative growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the most potent arginine-based compound was Bz-Arg-NHC10. All the tested compounds interfered with the conidia development of the studied species. Investigation of the possible mechanism of toxicity towards phytopathogenic fungi indicated direct damage of the plasma membrane and production of ROS. For the two strains of dermatophyte fungi tested, all the proved compounds showed similar fungistatic efficacy.Conclusion:: Bz-Arg-NHC10 and Bz-Arg-NHC12 were demonstrated to have broad biocidal ability against the proliferative vegetative form and the asexual reproductive conidia. Results suggest that both membrane permeabilization and induction of oxidative stress are part of the antifungal mechanisms involved in the interruption of normal conidia development by Bz-Arg-NHCn, leading to cell death.
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Beznosko, I., T. Gorgan, Yu Turovnik, I. Mostoviak e V. Mudrak. "Pathogenic mycobiot of seeds of cereal crops under the influence of different growing technologies". Agroecological journal, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2022): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2022.255185.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the important factors in obtaining quality seeds of cereals is the technology of cultivation, which should ensure high yields and quality of grain and be safe for the environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the impact of different growing technologies on the pathogenic microflora of the seeds winter wheat and oats. It was established that on the seeds of winter wheat of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi according to the traditional growing technology 7 genera of phytopathogenic micromycetes parasitized such as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremoniella spp., Bipolaris spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporim spp., which were characterized by different frequency of occurrence from 10% to 60%. On the seeds of oat variety Timbre we identified such phytopathogenic micromycetes as Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., where their frequency of occurrence was from 10 to 50%. The highest frequency of occurrence the seeds winter wheat and oats by traditional growing technologies was characterized by genera Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. This can create a significant problem when storing seeds and suppress its germination. Under organic growing technology on winter wheat seeds of the variety Oberig Myronivskyi micromycetes of the following genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp. were identified, where their frequency of occurrence was from 25 to 50%. On the seeds of oats of the variety Timbre there were micromycetes of genera: Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Chaetomiums spp., Drechslera spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. with frequency of occurrence from 10 to 50%. The dominant genus was Trichoderma spp. Fungi of this genus have the ability to multiply rapidly, which will compete with other microorganisms. The growing technology of cereal affect not only the number and frequency of occurrence phytopathogenic micromycetes on seeds, but also sporulation and their reproductive structures. It was found that the seeds of winter wheat and oats, in the conditions of traditional growing technology, the similarity of micromycetes was 56%. At the same time, the coefficient similarity of species the phytopathogenic micromycetes on the seeds of the studied crops, in terms of organic technology, was slightly higher and amounted to 63%. The analyzed indicators, such as the frequency of occurrence and the similarity coefficient, make it possible to evaluate the seeds of growing plant varieties in order to avoid biological contamination of agrocenoses with infectious structures of the phytopathogenic micromycetes.
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Mosiychuk, I., І. Beznosko, Y. Turovnik e Т. Gorgan. "Ecological reasoning of regulation the phytopathogenic mycobioma in agrocenoses of spring barley under ecologically safe technologies". Agroecological journal, n. 2 (26 giugno 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2021.234468.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article shows the economically valuable features the spring barley and analyzes the most relevant varieties for growing on the farm. It is studied that many varieties of the spring barley with competitive genetic potential of productivity have been created in Ukraine, which in 2021 makes 181 varieties. It is shown that the use the best varieties and high quality seeds is one the most effective means of economic growth in the agro-industrial sector. In recent years, there has been an increase in the spread various diseases of plants spring barley, leading to significant yield losses. We analyzed modern methods of plant selection which allows faster searching new markers with partial resistance to diseases. It is shown that one the strategic direction of modern agriculture development is its biologization — the use of biological means to obtain quality products crop and the reproduction of fertility soils. Modern views on the effective use of biological preparations of different spectrum of action in the technologies of growing crops were presented. It is established that the use ecologycally safe technologies for growing spring barley is relevant. This does not only increase resistance to adverse conditions and phytopathogens, but increases yields and improves grain quality. We analyzed liquid microfertilizer Oracle and complex natural-synthetic preparation Vimpel 2, products of Dolyna company. These preparations have an inhibitory effect on plant diseases and building stimuli of natural plant immunity. Analysis of scientific and technical literature allows us to conclude that the urgent task is to find ways to regulate phytopathogenic microorganisms to ensure the harmonious flow of biological processes in the soil, improve plant nutrition, and the formation of full-fledged plant-microbial associations, which allows controlling the development and spread of pathogens.
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Vasnetsova, E. V., E. I. Tikhomirova, O. Yu Ksenofontova e S. Yu Efremova. "Study of Biological Properties of Effective Pesticides Destructor Pseudomonas Putida P2". KnE Life Sciences, 25 novembre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i14.5635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A promising approach for remediation of contaminated soils is the use of biological products based on microorganisms-destructors. Of particular interest are the strains that can decompose several types of pollutants. Potential strains-destructors should be not only effective but also adapted for certain soil and climatic conditions. In addition, when introducing a significant amount of biological agents into the ecosystem, the lack of toxicological and pathogenic effects on plants, animals, and humans is particularly important. The object of the study is the destructor strain of sim-triazine herbicide of prometrin Pseudomonas putida P2. The study explores the ability of strain to use various pesticides as the only carbon source, the effect of bacterial culture on seed germination, biotesting of strain on toxicity using earthworms. Besides, the study presents the phytopathogenic factors and enzymes causing bacteria invasiveness into animals and humans. The determination of dehydrogenase activity of prometrin destructor strain shows that this strain can also use active ingredients of pesticide malathion, HCH, and 4,4-DDT as only sole carbon source. It is also established that the studied strain Pseudomonas putida P2 increases the germination of seeds of the variety Saratovskaya 70 and carrots of the variety Samson and does not possess pathogenicity factors. The strain biotesting on the earthworms revealed no acute toxicity of the culture. The analysis of data obtained from the model pollution shows that the introduction of the destructor of Prometrium Pseudomonas putida P2 into the soil can create favorable conditions for vital activity and reproduction of earthworms.
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Kalhoro, Muhammad Talib, Hong Zhang, Ghulam Mujtaba Kalhoro, Fukai Wang, Tianhong Chen, Yahya Faqir e Farhan Nabi. "Fungicidal properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oils against Phytophthora colocasiae". Scientific Reports 12, n. 1 (9 febbraio 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06321-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractRecently, plant essential oils (EOs) have attracted special attention in plant disease control and food preservation. Since ancient times, essential oils extracted from plants have exhibited many biological characteristics, especially antimicrobial properties. Recent studies have described the potentials of EOs and derivatives to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, mainly in response of overwhelming concerns of consumers about food safety. In the context of returning to nature, with the advancement of science and technology and improved living standards, people have begun to seek solutions for food hygiene without chemical additives. Therefore, biological pesticides and plant-oriented chemicals have received special attention from scientists because they are environmentally friendly and nonhazardous, sustainable, and effective alternatives against many noxious phytopathogens. Present study is intended to appraise the fungicidal properties of ginger EOs to combat leaf blight disease of taro, which threatens global taro production. Farmers often hinge on extremely toxic synthetic fungicides to manage diseases, but the residual effects and resistance of chemicals are unavoidable. The microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method was used for ginger EOs extraction and an FTIR (ATR) spectrometer was used to evaluate their chemical composition and citral was identified as most abundant compound (89.05%) in oil. The pathogen isolated from lesions of diseased taro plants was identified as Phytophthora colocasiae and used as test fungus in the present study. Ginger EO was evaluated in-vitro for antifungal properties against mycelium growth, sporangium production, zoospore germination, leaf, and corm necrosis inhibition. Repeated experiments have shown that the concentration of ginger essential oil (1250 ppm) proved to be the lowest dose to obtain 100% inhibition of fungal growth and spore germination, sporangia formation and leaf necrosis assessment. These results are derived from this fungal species and a hypothesis that involves further research on other plant pathogens to demonstrate the overall potency of essential oils. This study references the easy, economic, and environmental management and control of plant diseases using essential oils and byproducts.
Tesi sul tema "Phytopathogenic microorganisms Reproduction"
1
Forster, Anthony Carlyle. "Self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs". Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf7331.pdf.
Testo completo
2
Sheldon, Candice Claire. "Hammerhead mediated self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs /". Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs544.pdf.
Testo completo
3
Warrilow, David 1968. "Studies on the replication complex of citrus exocortis viroid". 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw295.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references. The aim of this work is the further characterisation of the citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) replication complex in a tomato host system. The study employed three approaches. i. To raise polyclonal antiserum against a putative catalytic component of the CEV replication complex, the second largest subunit of tomato RNA polymerase II--ii. To develop a cell-free system for CEV RNA synthesis--iii. To use the polyclonal antiserum to the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and a commercially available monoclonal antibody to the largest subunit, for antibody inhibition and immunoprecipitation experiments using the cell-free system.
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Warrilow, David 1968. "Studies on the replication complex of citrus exocortis viroid / David Warrilow". Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18871.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references.vi, 86, [56] leaves, [10] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm.
The aim of this work is the further characterisation of the citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) replication complex in a tomato host system. The study employed three approaches. i. To raise polyclonal antiserum against a putative catalytic component of the CEV replication complex, the second largest subunit of tomato RNA polymerase II--ii. To develop a cell-free system for CEV RNA synthesis--iii. To use the polyclonal antiserum to the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and a commercially available monoclonal antibody to the largest subunit, for antibody inhibition and immunoprecipitation experiments using the cell-free system.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1997
5
Forster, Anthony Carlyle. "Self-cleavage of plant pathogenic RNAs / by Anthony Carlyle Forster". Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18536.
Testo completo