Articoli di riviste: "Phytoparasites"

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Lima-Medina, Israel, Edriana Araujo-Lima, Rosario Y. Bravo-Portocarrero, Grover B. Cornejo-Condori, Dino V. Franco-Mariaca e Victor H. Casa-Coila. "Phytoparasitic and free-living nematodes associated with the cultivation of Passiflora ligularis Juss. in the Sandia Valley, Puno Region, Peru". Bioagro 36, n. 2 (1 maggio 2024): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.51372/bioagro362.7.

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The identification of phytoparasitic nematodes, which is essential for the implementation of management strategies, is required for further study. The objective of this work was to identify, at the genus level, the phytoparasites and free-living nematodes associated with the cultivation of sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) in the valley of Sandia, region Puno, Peru. For the study, 165 soil samples were evaluated, coming from eight communities from the district of Sandia, during the agricultural season 2018–2019. The samples were processed by the method of centrifugal fluctuation in sucrose solution, later identified on the basis of morphological characteristics. The results showed the presence of seven genera of phytoparasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Mesocriconema, Xiphinema, Tylenchus, and Hemicycliophora, and two genera of free-living nematodes, Aphelenchus and Dorylaimus. The most harmful genera were Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus because they cause damage to other crops. In the nematode community, there was variability in the density and frequency of phytoparasitic and free-living nematodes in the evaluated localities.

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Grynberg, Priscila, Roberto Coiti Togawa, Leticia Dias de Freitas, Jose Dijair Antonino, Corinne Rancurel, Marcos Mota do Carmo Costa, Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa et al. "Comparative Genomics Reveals Novel Target Genes towards Specific Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes". Genes 11, n. 11 (13 novembre 2020): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11111347.

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Plant-parasitic nematodes cause extensive annual yield losses to worldwide agricultural production. Most cultivated plants have no known resistance against nematodes and the few bearing a resistance gene can be overcome by certain species. Chemical methods that have been deployed to control nematodes have largely been banned from use due to their poor specificity and high toxicity. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of cleaner and more specific control methods. Recent advances in nematode genomics, including in phytoparasitic species, provide an unprecedented opportunity to identify genes and functions specific to these pests. Using phylogenomics, we compared 61 nematode genomes, including 16 for plant-parasitic species and identified more than 24,000 protein families specific to these parasites. In the genome of Meloidogyne incognita, one of the most devastating plant parasites, we found ca. 10,000 proteins with orthologs restricted only to phytoparasitic species and no further homology in protein databases. Among these phytoparasite-specific proteins, ca. 1000 shared the same properties as known secreted effectors involved in essential parasitic functions. Of these, 68 were novel and showed strong expression during the endophytic phase of the nematode life cycle, based on both RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analyses. Besides effector candidates, transcription-related and neuro-perception functions were enriched in phytoparasite-specific proteins, revealing interesting targets for nematode control methods. This phylogenomics analysis constitutes a unique resource for the further understanding of the genetic basis of nematode adaptation to phytoparasitism and for the development of more efficient control methods.

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Quénéhervé, Patrick, Serge Marie-Luce, Béatrice Barout e Frédérique Grosdemange. "Une technique de criblage variétal précoce des bananiers envers les nématodes phytoparasites". Nematology 8, n. 1 (2006): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854106776179962.

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Churikova, A. K., e S. N. Nekoval. "Biological agents and their metabolites to control <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. when growing vegetables (review)". South of Russia: ecology, development 17, n. 3 (9 ottobre 2022): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-175-186.

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Aim. Analysis of modern studies on the effectiveness of fungi and antagonist bacteria against Meloidogyne root‐knot nematodes on vegetable crops.Materials and Methods. Studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the use of biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables have been carefully analysed.Results. The harmfulness of gall nematodes on vegetable crops is described. Studies on the most pathogenic species of Meloidogyne, including those common in Russia, are summarised. Information is given regarding features of the relationship between the host plant and phytoparasites are highlighted. An analysis of the range of chemical and biological nematicides is presented. The problem of the lack of effective environmentally friendly products able to control root‐knot nematodes on vegetables, including the prospect of using biological agents, has been identified. The features of ongoing research on the study of the nematicidal activity of biological agents and their metabolites to control various stages of development of Meloidogyne species have been collected, analysed, systematised and described. The prospect of studying the mechanisms of action of microorganisms against root‐knot nematodes is substantiated in order to create new effective biological nematicides that allow the growth of high‐quality and healthy vegetable products.Conclusion. Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) remain a current pest of soil‐grown vegetables. Scientists are actively working on the study of nematophagous fungi and antagonist bacteria to create environmentally friendly biological nematicides. With proper use, biological agents and their metabolites can help protect plants from phytoparasites at the level of chemical nematicides and have an additional beneficial effect on the growth and development of vegetable crops.

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Reversat, Georges, Jean-Pierre Rossi e Pierre Bernhard. "Analyse des courbes de survie de nématodes phytoparasites selon le modèle de Teissier". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 320, n. 3 (marzo 1997): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(97)86934-x.

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Gheysen, Godelieve, Jan De Meutter, Tom Tytgat e August Coomans. "Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes as a model for other plant parasitic nematodes". Nematology 2, n. 1 (2000): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100508827.

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AbstractPlant parasitic nematodes are known to cause a severe reduction in crop yield. Recently much effort is being put to engineering new nematode-resistant crop cultivars. Plant parasitic nematodes occur in three widely separated orders: Triplonchida, Dorylaimida and Tylenchida. All triplonchid and dorylaimid plant parasitic nematodes are migratory ectoparasites of roots. Within the Tylenchida, several different types of plant parasitism can be recognised. The sedentary endoparasites have the most complex interaction with their host, and are responsible for the vast majority of the agricultural damage. This causes most research to be concentrated on two groups of the sedentary endoparasitic nematodes: cyst- and root-knot nematodes. Both induce specialised feeding structures in the vascular cylinder of the plant root. The mechanism of phytoparasitism of the cyst- and root-knot nematodes is reviewed, of which some aspects will be applicable to the study of the other plant parasitic nematodes. Les nématodes parasites de plantes sont connus pour provoquer de sévères réductions dans les rendements des cultures. Actuellement, un effort se développe pour créer de nouveaux cultivars résistants aux nématodes. Les nématodes parasite de plantes appartiennent à trois ordres très éloignés: Triplonchida, Dorylaimida et Tylenchida. Tous les nématodes parasites de plantes chez les Triplonchida et Dorylaimida sont des ectoparasites migrateurs. Chez les Tylenchida, plusieurs types différents de parasitisme peuvent être identifiés. Les endoparasites sédentaires ont l’interaction la plus complexe avec leur hôte et sont responsables de la plus grande part des dégâts agricoles. C’est la raison pour laquelle la plupart des recherches sont concentrées sur deux groupes de nématodes endoparasites sédentaires, les nématodes à kystes et les nématodes galligènes. Ces deux groupes induisent des structures d’alimentation spécialisées dans les tissus vasculaires de la racine végétale. Le mécanisme parasitaire des nématodes à kystes et galligènes est revu, certaines de leurs caractéristiques pouvant être applicables à l’étude des autres nématodes phytoparasites.

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Kakhorova, Komola A., Zaynat S. Khashimova e Ekaterina O. Terenteva. "Studies on Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant activities of Lectin-like proteins from Phytoparasites (Cuscuta europaea)". Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 4, n. 3 (2018): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31024/ajpp.2018.4.3.4.

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Konate, Abel Yanougo, S. Léonard Ouuedraogo e Daouda Kone. "Etude faunistique des nématodes phytoparasites de l’oignon (Allium cepae L., Alliaceae) au Burkina Faso". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, n. 3 (9 settembre 2019): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i3.14.

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Fontana, Lais Fernanda, Claudia Regina Dias Arieira, Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe, José Junior Severino, Jailson de Oliveira Arieira e Raimundo Nonato Farias Monteiro. "Interference of Meloidogyne javanica in the reproduction of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean cultivar BRS/MT pintado". Summa Phytopathologica 44, n. 2 (giugno 2018): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/177037.

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ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, are the most common phytoparasites in soybean crop, which usually occur in association in crop areas. However, few studies were conducted on the interaction between these parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interference of the increase in M. javanica population in the reproduction of P. brachyurus, and the effect of mixed populations on soybean (cultivar BRS/MT Pintado) development. The experiment consisted in inoculating a population of 1000 specimens of P. brachyurus per plant and changing the inoculum level of M. javanica, using zero, 1000, 2000 and 4000 eggs, in two different periods. After 65 days of inoculation, the increase in the initial population of M. javanica reduced by 79 and 73% the final population of P. brachyurus in the different experiments. However, both species significantly increased their populations. When subjected to the same inoculum level, M. javanica was more efficient in reproducing than P. brachyurus. The increase in the number of nematodes reduced the vegetative growth of the plant.

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Mateille, Thierry, Nicole Gautier, Domitien Debouzie e Patrice Cadet. "Étude synthétique des réactions induites par les nématodes phytoparasites sur le bananier Musa acuminata (groupe AAA) : hiérarchisation des paramètres adaptés à la sélection variétale". Canadian Journal of Botany 73, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1995): 2006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-215.

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The susceptibility of bananas to phytoparasitic nematodes, the damages caused by nematodes, and the plant defense reactions can be evaluated respectively by the multiplication rate of parasites, the plant growth and metabolism, and the modifications of the secondary metabolism. The comparison, through multivariate analyses, of these four groups of parameters between two banana cultivars (Poyo and Gros Michel), differently susceptible to nematodes, helps to hierarchize the importance of these groups. So, the variables associated with shoot and root growth and the variables associated with plant physiology (photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, nitrogen and mineral absorption) are quite bad parameters because they evolve anarchically with the initial nematode population pressure. On the opposite, the final nematode population pressure and the variables associated with host defense reactions (secondary metabolism) are more reliable because they give more homogeneous results. It is then possible to assess the usefulness of the parameters describing banana susceptibility to nematodes and to give reliable criteria to geneticians for nematode resistance breeding programs. Key words: banana, defense reactions, phytoparasitic nematodes, resistance, tolerance, cultivar behaviour. [Traduit par la rédaction]

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Quénéhervé, P., e E. Van den Berg. "Liste des nématodes phytoparasites (Tylenchida et Dorylaimida) des départements français d’Amérique (Guadeloupe, Martinique et Guyane) et dispositions réglementaires". EPPO Bulletin 35, n. 3 (dicembre 2005): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2005.00877.x.

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Hostachy, B., P. Quénéhervé, E. Van Den Berg e P. Topart. "Analyse Écologique De La Spécificité Parasitaire Des Nématodes Phytoparasites Associés à Quelques Plantes Ornementales Cultivées à la Martinique". Nematologica 43, n. 2 (1997): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/004825997x00088.

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Traore, M., F. Lompo, B. Thio, B. Ouattara, K. Ouattara e M. Sedogo. "Etude des nématodes phytoparasites du sol et des racines sous quatre niveaux de fertilisation minérale en culture de niébé". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8, n. 3 (21 ottobre 2014): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i3.6.

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Monokrousos, Nikolaos, George Charalampidis, George Boutsis, Varvara Sousanidou, Efimia M. Papatheodorou e Maria D. Argyropoulou. "Plant-induced differentiation of soil variables and nematode community structure in a Mediterranean serpentine ecosystem". Soil Research 52, n. 6 (2014): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14011.

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Abiotic and biotic components of a serpentine Mediterranean soil were studied in terms of heavy metal and nutrient concentrations, microbial biomass, and structural and functional characteristics of the soil nematode community. We explored differentiations of the soil environment imposed by vegetation, sampling the bare soil and soil under Buxus sempervirens, Juniperus oxycedrus, Cistus creticus and Thymus sibthorpii. Organic matter, microbial biomass, nutrient availability and calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio of the serpentine site were similar to those of degraded, non-serpentine Mediterranean ecosystems; the serpentine site showed potassium deficiency and high heavy metal load. Soil nematode abundance, especially of phytoparasites, was very low. Low enrichment and structure indices and high channel index values indicated a degraded, low-resource, stressful environment where fungal decomposition predominates. There was no differentiation of heavy metal concentrations among microsites. Bare soil exhibited high pH, low water content, low Ca/Mg (0.68), low nutrient concentrations, low abundance of most nematode groups, low values of maturity and plant parasitic indices, low nematode diversity and a distinct generic composition. Rhizosphere soil was differentiated according to the evergreen–sclerophyllous or seasonal–dimorphic habit of shrubs. This was reflected in soil nutrients and in all parameters of the soil nematode community.

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Dauphinais, Nathalie, Carl Bélec e Benjamin Mimee. "Utilisation de la crotalaire, Crotalaria juncea, comme engrais vert pour la gestion des nématodes phytoparasites de la carotte en sol organique". Phytoprotection 103, n. 1 (2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1106141ar.

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Mateille, T., R. Duponnois e MT Diop. "Influence des facteurs telluriques abiotiques et de la plante hôte sur l'infection des nématodes phytoparasites du genre Meloidogyne par l'actinomycète parasitoïde Pasteuria penetrans". Agronomie 15, n. 9-10 (1995): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:19950907.

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Dimou, Maria D., Nikolaos Monokrousos, Petros Katapodis, Panagiota A. Diamantopoulou, Maria D. Argyropoulou e Efimia M. Papatheodorou. "Use of Microbially Treated Olive Mill Wastewaters as Soil Organic Amendments; Their Short-Term Effects on the Soil Nematode Community". Diversity 15, n. 4 (29 marzo 2023): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040497.

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Managing olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a major environmental problem. We followed two methods for OMW bioremediation: one with the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus alone and one with the fungus plus the microalga Chlorella vulgaris. To evaluate the potential use of both final products as soil amendments, in a pot experiment, we applied treated OMW to soil cultivated with Lactuca sativa, and we studied their short-term effects on the soil nematode community in terms of trophic and functional structure, metabolic footprint, genera composition, and interaction networks. We also applied non-treated OMW and simply water (control). The addition of non-treated OMW significantly reduced the abundance of all nematodes, and the network of interactions was the most fragmented and the least robust against future disturbance. The effect on trophic group abundances was similar but less pronounced when OMW was previously detoxified either by the fungus alone or by its combination with the alga. In the latter case, the phytoparasites were suppressed but the bacterivorous nematodes were not affected. However, the most cohesive and robust nematode network was formed in the soil that received the fungal-treated OMW. None of our OMW applications significantly changed community composition, none improved the already degraded status of the soil food web—which is attributed to the sandy texture of our soil—and none affected the growth of lettuce plants, perhaps because of the short duration of the experiment (30 days). Thus, our future research will aim to estimate the long-term impact of OMW.

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Chetverikov, Philipp E., Charnie Craemer, Vladimir D. Gankevich, Nhung Thi Tuyet Le, Viet Duc Nguyen, Hoat Xuan Trinh e James Amrine. "Molecular Phylogenetics and Light Microscopy Reveal “True” and “False” Calacarines and Novel Genital Structures in Gall Mites (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea)". Forests 15, n. 2 (8 febbraio 2024): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020329.

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Gall mites (Eriophyoidea) are cosmopolitan microscopic phytoparasites that often transmit viruses and induce callogenesis. The tribe Calacarini is diagnosed by a set of plesiomorphic and homoplastic traits, including elimination of setae sc shared with other lineages of Eriophyoidea. We reviewed data on the generic diversity of calacarines, revised the concept of the type genus Calacarus Keifer 1940, and proposed three zones (MZ, SMZ, LZ) in the prodorsal shields of calacarines to simplify descriptions of their shield patterns. We describe three new calacarine species (Calacarus baviensisn. sp., C. burchelliaen. sp., and Viginticus searsiaen. sp.) from indigenous dicotyledonous trees from South Africa and Vietnam and report on new findings of Paracalacarus podocarpi Keifer in Brazil, Jiangsuacarus sp. in the USA, and Calacarus pusillus Pye in Latvia and Russia. The latter represents the new most northern locality of Calacarini. Reinvestigating the type species of Jaranasia Chandrapatya & Boczek 2000 revealed that absence of setae l’’ II is the only character separating it from Jiangsuacarus Xue 2009. We proposed two new combinations: Jiangsuacarus sesleriae (Skoracka 2004) n. comb. (transferred from Jaranasia) and Procalacarus mussaendae (Keifer 1977) n. comb. (transferred from Calacarus). Partial sequences of Cox1 and 28S genes were obtained for six calacarines, some of them originating from old ethanol material kept at room temperature. Molecular phylogenetics revealed a stable cluster of “true” calacarine sequences comprising Calacarus, Jaranasia, Latitudo, and Viginticus and a polyphyletic group of erroneous sequences assigned to Calacarini in GenBank. All investigated females of calacarines have a pair of genital tubules associated with the vestibulum and hypothesized to participate in fertilization. This finding may contribute to resolving the question on how the fusion of gametes happens in gall mites.

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Djian-Caporalino, Caroline, Mireille Navarrete, Ariane Fazari, Marc Baily-Bechet, Nathalie Marteu, Arnaud Dufils, Marc Tchamitchian et al. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes de culture maraîchers méditerranéens innovants pour gérer les nématodes à galles". BASE, n. 1 (2019): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.17725.

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Description du sujet. Une approche système basée sur la co-conception et l’évaluation expérimentale in situ de prototypes de systèmes de culture (SDC) a été mise en œuvre dans le projet INRA « GeDuNem » pour une gestion durable des nématodes à galles (NG) dans les systèmes maraîchers sous abris. Objectifs. Il s’agissait (i) d’évaluer pendant quatre ans diverses stratégies de culture combinant résistances génétiques et pratiques culturales (rotations culturales incluant des plantes sensibles, résistantes et non-hôtes, gestion de l’interculture avec couvert végétal nématicide ou solarisation) pour réduire les populations de NG dans le sol et augmenter la durabilité des résistances variétales à ces bioagresseurs, (ii) d’étudier leur impact sur les communautés de nématodes rencontrées et (iii) d’évaluer l’acceptabilité des nouveaux SDC par les agriculteurs. Méthode. Trois prototypes de SDC, co-conçus entre acteurs de la recherche et ceux du développement, ont été comparés à des SDC appliqués classiquement en région méditerranéenne et évalués grâce à des dispositifs complémentaires : (i) expérimentations-système sur trois sites de producteurs du Sud de la France ; (ii) expérimentations analytiques pour approfondir les mécanismes d’action des leviers mobilisés ; (iii) enquêtes pour évaluer l’acceptabilité des prototypes par les agriculteurs. Résultats. Les trois SDC se sont révélés efficaces (90 % de réduction des NG, protection des Solanaceae à résistance partielle, pas d’effet négatif sur les nématodes non phytoparasites) et durables lorsque les conditions d’application et les équilibres biologiques du sol étaient favorables (nématofaune totale diversifiée et abondante). Leur degré d’acceptabilité dépendait du type d’exploitation et de la sensibilité des agriculteurs face à l’innovation. Conclusions. Ces nouveaux SDC doivent encore être améliorés, en interaction avec les producteurs, tant en termes d’efficacité, par l’introduction de nouveaux leviers agroécologiques, que de cout. Les recherches futures devront aussi s’ouvrir à la gestion plus globale de la santé des sols.

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Carta, Lynn, e David Carta. "Nematode specific gravity profiles and applications to flotation extraction and taxonomy". Nematology 2, n. 2 (2000): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100508935.

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AbstractA technique is described that refines the standard sugar flotation procedure used to isolate nematodes from their surroundings. By centrifuging nematodes in a number of increasing specific gravity solutions and plotting the fraction floating, the cumulative probability distribution of the population’s specific gravity is generated. By assuming normality, the population mean, μ, and standard deviation, σ, are found by a nonlinear least squares procedure. These density parameters along with their error covariance matrix may be used as a taxonomic physical character. A chi-squared test is derived for comparing populations. Mean and standard deviation pairs (μ, σ) were found for the specific gravities of the adult stage of the plant parasites Pratylenchus agilis (1.068, 0.017), P. scribneri (1.073, 0.028), P. penetrans (1.058, 0.008) and the bacterial-feeder Caenorhabditis elegans (1.091, 0.016). La technique exposée affine le procédure standard par flottation au sucre utilisée pour séparer les nématodes de leur milieu. La centrifugation des nématodes dans une série de solutions de densités spécifiques et la mise en diagramme de la valeur de la fraction surnageante permettent de connaître le répartition de la probabilité cumulée de la densité spécifique de la population en cause. La normalité étant supposée, la moyenne de la population, μ, et la déviation standard, σ, sont calculées par la méthode des moindres carrés non linéaires. Ces paramètres relatifs à la densité ainsi que leur matrice de co-variance d’erreur peuvent être utilisés en taxinomie comme caractère physique. Un test chi2 en est dérivé pour comparer les populations entre elles. Des données en paires — moyenne (μ) et écart-type (σ) — ont été définies pour les densités des adultes des espèces phytoparasites Pratylenchus agilis (1,068; 0,017), P. scribneri (1,073; 0,028), P. penetrans (1,058; 0,008), ainsi que pour l’espèce bactérivore Caenorhabditis elegans (1,091; 0,016).

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Babich, Babich e Statkevich. "PHYTOHORMONAL REGULATORY MECHANISM OF THE ONTOGENESIS OF HETERODERIDES’ ACTIVATION AND SYNCHRONIZATION". THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, n. 20 (14 maggio 2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.69-73.

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Studies using the developed device confirmed the attractive properties of the aquatic extracts of host plants, as well as the high trophic receptivity of the invasive larvae of cyst nematodes. The greatest stimulation of the release and active migration of larvae from cysts was observed when phytoncids were introduced by cultivated host plants at a distance of 2.5–5 cm from the object of study at an optimal humidity of 60–70% of the total soil moisture content. At the same time, the aqueous extracts of the roots of the initial phases of plant growth and development compared to the extracts of the subsequent organogenesis phases were the most attractive. We believe that the larvae react most to the increased content of phytohormones, cytokinins, because their synthesis in comparison with other growth activators mainly occurs in the root system of plants. Nematode isolation of enzymes in plant tissue causes a high content of phytohormones, which are catalysts for the formation of new young roots, thereby providing optimal conditions for the invasion and development of next-generation larvae. Certain stimulating effect was also shown by extracts from other plant organs, which indicates the integrity of the flow of all physiological processes in the plant organism. Due to the genetically fixed mechanism of activation and suspension of physiological processes, a clear synchronization of the ontogenesis of cyst nematodes in accordance with the organogenesis of host plants has been noted. Since the development of heteroderides occurs only in one plant populated by them, sedentary phytoparasites react sensitively to changes in the biochemical composition of the plant organism, due to biological aging or adverse factors of different nature, causing their pathology. The perennial cyclical nature of the development of sedimentary nematodes in accordance with the organogenesis of typical host plants caused the formation of their population adaptation.

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Bélair, Guy. "Les nématodes, ces anguillules qui font suer les plantes... par la racine". Conférences [Symposium : Santé des racines, santé des plantes. Société de protection des plantes du Québec. 97e Assemblée annuelle (2005) Gatineau (Québec), 9 et 10 juin 2005] 86, n. 1 (22 novembre 2005): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011717ar.

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Les nématodes phytoparasites ou anguillules sont d’importants ravageurs des plantes en agriculture. À l’échelle de la planète, les nématodes occasionnent plus de 100 milliards de dollars en perte de production annuellement. Ces petits vers microscopiques, tous munis d’un stylet creux, sont transparents et mesurent de 300 à 1500 μm de longueur et de 15 à 35 μm de diamètre. Leur petit diamètre ne permet pas de les voir à l’oeil nu, mais ils sont facilement observables sous la loupe binoculaire. Au Canada, on rapporte un total de 19 genres et 37 espèces de nématodes associés à une maladie des plantes. La majorité, soit 16 genres et 31 espèces, parasitent le système racinaire des plantes. Ils peuvent occasionner des dommages à la plante variant de négligeables jusqu’à une perte totale. La sévérité des dommages occasionnés aux plantes est reliée à plusieurs facteurs comme la combinaison plante-nématode et aussi aux facteurs environnementaux comme les précipitations, le type de sol et les pratiques culturales. Dans leur processus de nutrition, ils ponctionnent à l’aide de leur stylet le système racinaire de la plante, ce qui diminue la capacité d’absorption de l’eau et des éléments nutritifs dans le sol. Des symptômes typiques d’un dommage causé par les nématodes sont une réduction du système racinaire, une distorsion de la structure racinaire ou l’augmentation du diamètre des racines. Parmi les ravageurs prépondérants, mentionnons les espèces endoparasites suivantes : le nématode cécidogène du nord Meloidogynehapla Chitwood, le nématode des lésions Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven, le nématode des tiges et des bulbes Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev, le nématode dague Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, et le nématode à kystes du soja Heterodera glycines Ichinohe. Même s’ils sont répertoriés au Canada, certains nématodes comme le nématode doré de la pomme de terre Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweb.) Behrens et G.pallida (Stone) Behrens sont des organismes de quarantaine et doivent être interceptés par l’Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments afin de limiter leur distribution sur le territoire. Au Canada, le contrôle des nématodes s’effectue avec des méthodes culturales (ex. rotation, résistance) et chimiques.

23

Popeijus, Herman, Vivian Blok, Linda Cardle, Erin Bakker, Mark Phillips, Johannes Helder, Geert Smant e John Jones. "Analysis of genes expressed in second stage juveniles of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida using the expressed sequence tag approach". Nematology 2, n. 5 (2000): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509358.

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Abstract Expressed sequence tag (EST) projects offer a rapid route to the discovery of novel genes. Genes expressed in a wide range of parasitic nematodes of medical or veterinary importance have been investigated using EST analysis but these techniques have not yet been applied to plant parasitic nematodes. We describe a small scale EST project using cDNA libraries made from the two species of potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, and assess the utility of this approach to identify mRNAs encoding abundantly expressed secreted proteins and other proteins present in the nematode at the onset of parasitism. Approximately 1000 sequences were obtained from G. rostochiensis and 100 from G. pallida. A variety of genes was characterised and approximately 11% of the cDNAs sequenced were apparently PCN specific. Secreted proteins identified included a novel PCN homologue of chorismate mutase, a cDNA recently cloned from the gland cells of Meloidogyne javanica. The results obtained justify a much larger scale application of this technology to these parasites. Utilisation de L'Expressed Sequence Tag pour l'analyse de gènes s'exprimant chez les juvéniles de deuxième stade des nématodes à kyste de la pomme de terre Globodera rostochiensis et G. pallida - l'Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) ouvre une voie rapide vers la découverte de nouveaux gènes. Des gènes s'exprimant chez un large éventail de nématodes parasites d'importance médicale ou vétérinaire ont été étudiés par analyse EST alors que cette technique n'a pas encore été appliquée aux nématodes phytoparasites. Nous décrivons ici un projet EST à petite échelle utilisant les banques d'ADNc constituées à partir de deux espèces de nématodes à kyste de la pomme de terre (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis et G. pallida et nous évaluons l'utilité de cette approche pour identifier les ARNs codant les protéines abondamment sécrétées - et les autres protéines - présentes chez les nématodes lors de l'attaque parasitaire. Mille séquences environ ont été obtenues chez G. rostochiensis et 100 chez G. pallida. Des gènes variés ont été caractérisés et environ 11% des ADNc séquencés sont apparemment spécifiques des PCN. Parmi les protéines sécrétées identifiées figurent un nouvel homologue PCN de la chorismate mutase ainsi qu'un ADNc récemment cloné à partir de cellules glandulaires de Meloidogyne javanica. Les résultats ainsi obtenus justifient une utilisation à plus grande échelle de l'EST pour l'étude de ces parasites.

24

Scholler, M., A. Reinhard e M. Schubert. "Phytoparasitic microfungi from Bornholm". Feddes Repertorium 107, n. 3-4 (settembre 1996): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921070317.

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Scholler, M., A. Reinhard e M. Schubert. "Phytoparasitic microfungi from Bornholm". Feddes Repertorium 107, n. 3-4 (18 aprile 2008): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19961070317.

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Coyne, Daniel L., Richard A. Plowright, Joe Twumasi e David J. Hunt. "Prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice in Ghana with a discussion of their importance". Nematology 1, n. 4 (1999): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199508405.

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Abstract A survey of plant parasitic nematodes of rice was made in Ghana between 1994-1997. Fifty-one species in 29 genera were found in 145 fields from upland, hydromorphic, rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland ecosystems in the savannah and forest agroecological zones. Eighteen species were endoparasites of roots. In upland/hydromorphic rice fields in the savannah zone Pratylenchus spp. (80% of fields) and an undescribed species of Ditylenchus (78%) were most prevalent, whilst Coslenchus franklinae (84%) and Helicotylenchus spp. (76%) were most prevalent in the forest zone fields. Maximum population densities encountered were 960 C. franklinae per 100 ml soil and 700 Ditylenchus n. sp. per g root. In the savannah zone Hirschmanniella spp. (100%) were more prevalent than other nematodes in lowland rice, but in the forest zone Xiphinema bergeri (71%) was the most prevalent nematode in lowland rice. Occurrence of nematode species was different in different agroecological zones and rice ecosystems. There was no relationship between rice plant height and nematode population densities in crops close to harvest time in upland/hydromorphic fields in the savannah zone. Predominance des nematodes phytoparasites sur le riz au Ghana et discussion sur leur importance - Une prospection concernant les nematodes associes au riz a ete effectuee au Ghana de 1994 a 1997. Cinquante-et-une especes appartenant a 29 genres ont ete trouvees dans 145 rizieres de plateau, de bas-fonds, pluviales ou irriguees, tant en savane que dans des zones agroecologiques forestieres. Dix-huit especes sont des endoparasites racinaires. Dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds en zone de savane Pratylenchus spp. (80% des rizieres) et une espece non encore decrite de Ditylenchus (78%) sont les plus abondants, tandis que Coslenchus franklinae (84%) et Helicotylenchus spp. (78%) le sont dans les rizieres de zone forestiere. Les densites maximales de population observees concernent C. franklinae (960 per 100 cm3 de sol) et Ditylenchus n. sp. (700 per 1 g de racines). Hirschmanniella spp. etaient plus abondants (100 %) que les autres nematodes dans les rizieres de bas-fonds de savane, tandis c'etait Xiphinema bergeri (71%) dans ce meme type de rizieres en zones forestieres. La presence des differentes especes de nematodes varie suivant la zone agroecologique et l'ecosysteme de la riziere. Il n'y a pas de relation entre la hauteur des plants de riz et la densite des populations de nematodes pour des cultures proches de la recolte dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds situees en savane.

27

Avato, P., M. Argentieri, S. Laquale e T. D'Addabbo. "Plants as biocontrol agents against phytoparasite nematodes". Planta Medica 81, S 01 (14 dicembre 2016): S1—S381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1596102.

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Morales-Aranibar, Luis, Francisca Elena Yucra Yucra, Nivia Marisol Pilares Estrada, Eliseo Pumacallahui Salcedo, Carlos Morales-Aranibar, Nataniel Linares Gutiérrez, Oscar Mamani Aguilar et al. "Ecological Interaction in the Proliferation of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Coffee var. Typica". Agronomy 13, n. 6 (20 giugno 2023): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061653.

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Phytoparasitic nematodes are a common problem in coffee production worldwide. In Peru, the proliferation of phytoparasitic nematodes in Coffea arabica L. var. Typica has negative impacts on coffee production and huge economic losses. The objective of this study was to determine the ecological interactions that influence the proliferation of phytoparasitic nematodes in C. arabica var. Typica in Quillabamba, Cusco, Peru. The density of phytoparasitic nematodes in the soil and root was evaluated using the modified Baermann channel method. Identification of genera and species of phytoparasitic nematodes was carried out in the different samples, based on descriptions and taxonomic keys. Physical and chemical parameters of the soil were evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a correlation network were employed to distribute the different species of nematodes. The variables soil texture, organic matter, pH, altitude, temperature and humidity were used. During the sampling, several genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified in addition to various categories of nematodes. Meloidogyne exigua, Pratylenchus coffeae, Allotrichodorus longispiculis and Helicotylenchus longicaudatus are among the specific species of nematodes identified. The genus with the highest incidence was Meloidogyne spp. with 77.3% in soil and 96% in roots, reaching an average density of 340 nematodes in 100 g of soil and 368 nematodes in 1 g of roots. The PCA results show that 63.7% of the variability of the data is retained in the first two components. PCA shows that the sampled areas were differentiated and grouped with the evaluated characteristics, while the nematodes overlap in the representation of the analysis, thus making it difficult to select them. Pearson’s correlation showed a negative correlation between altitude and soil nematode density (−0.22), suggesting that conditions at higher altitudes may be more unfavorable for nematode growth. In addition, a positive correlation was found between soil pH and organic matter (0.93, p < 0.001) and may influence nematode density. The factors that influence the density of nematodes in the soil and plant roots are multiple and complex, and their understanding is essential for the success of coffee production. The finding of the current study may be useful in the development of sustainable strategies for managing nematodes in coffee network production.

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Migunova, Varvara D., e Nicola Sasanelli. "Bacteria as Biocontrol Tool against Phytoparasitic Nematodes". Plants 10, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020389.

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Phytoparasitic nematodes cause severe damage and yield losses to numerous agricultural crops. Considering the revision of the EU legislation on the use of pesticides on agricultural crops, control strategies with low environmental impact are required. The approach based on the use of bacteria seems particularly promising as it also helps to reduce the applied amounts of chemicals and stabilize ecological changes. This paper gives an overview of the main types of bacteria that can be used as biological control agents against plant parasitic nematodes and their interrelationships with plants and other organisms. Many experiments have given positive results of phytoparasitic nematode control by bacteria, showing possible prospects for their application. In vitro, greenhouse and field experiments have shown that bacteria can regulate the development of ecto- and endoparasitic nematodes by different modes of action. Triggering the induction of plant defense mechanisms by bacteria is seen as the optimum tool because the efficacy of bacterial treatment can be higher than that of chemical pesticides or at least close to it. Moreover, bacterial application produces additional positive effects on growth stimulation, raises yields and suppresses other pathogenic microorganisms. Commercial formulations, both as single bacterial strains and bacterial complexes, are examined.

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Udalova. "NANOBIOTECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGY FOR CONTROL WITH PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES". THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, n. 23 (18 aprile 2022): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.465-470.

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Nanobiotechnology is a modern trend in agriculture, especially relevant in the field of plant protection, including against parasitic nematodes. The unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are mainly associated with a very large area compared to the volume occupied, which affects their chemical and physical properties. The paper summarizes the literature and our own research results on the possibility of using various NPs, both metals (silver, gold) and non-metals (selenium, silicon) and their oxides (aluminum, titanium and silicon oxides) in the control of the most pathogenic nematode species. Possible mechanisms of action of these particles on nematodes and plants are presented. In particular, it has been shown that NPs are able to suppress the vital activity of phytoparasitic nematodes due to their high reactivity, which causes oxidative stress in the organism of nematodes. They can affect respiratory enzymes, affect the DNA functions of treated nematode cells, cause their lysis, and inhibit the activity of nematode proteases. In addition to the direct toxic effect, NPs reduce the reproductive potential of nematodes. It also shows the indirect effect of NPs through plants, which is conducted due to their elicitor activity.

31

Gheysen, Godelieve, e Melissa G. Mitchum. "Phytoparasitic Nematode Control of Plant Hormone Pathways". Plant Physiology 179, n. 4 (5 novembre 2018): 1212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.01067.

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32

Thiéry, M., e D. Mugniéry. "Microsatellite loci in the phytoparasitic nematode Globodera". Genome 43, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2000): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-106.

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A Globodera pallida genomic library, population Guiclan (Pa2/3), was screened for TG and TC microsatellite motifs. Screening of 50 000 clones revealed 48 positive matches. After sequencing, primers were designed to amplify 14 microsatellite loci. The specificity of the loci was tested with DNA templates of other populations of G. pallida, and also on other species of Globodera. Appearance of amplification products on several of these DNA templates showed that the microsatellite flanking regions are relatively conserved between G. pallida populations as well as between Globodera species. Evidence for allele polymorphism between individuals was demonstrated by using nine loci primers, in G. pallida population Guiclan and from a population of a closely related species G. "mexicana". Some alleles appeared to be species specific. Key words: Globodera, microsatellites, nematodes, phytoparasite, allele frequency.

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Peralta Ccayahuallpa, Victor Alexi, Victor Hugo Casa Coila, Israel Lima Medina, Luis Alberto Cuadros Fernández e Dennis Geoffrey Macedo Valdivia. "Characterization of Meloidogyne spp. and population density of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with alliaceae crops in the Arequipa region, Peru". Scientia Agropecuaria 15, n. 2 (13 maggio 2024): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.022.

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Alliaceae crops includes several species of agricultural importance for the Arequipa region, among them the onion is the most produced in the country, however, these crops are affected by phytoparasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp. which causes significant losses in the yield. The aim of the present study was to characterise the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) and determine the population density of phytoparasitic nematodes in alliaceae crops in the main producing localities of the Arequipa region. Samples of roots and soil were collected in onion, chinese onion, leek and chives crops in the provinces of Arequipa, Castilla, Caylloma and Islay. The identification of nematode genus was found by morphological characteristics and the characterization of Meloidogyne were performed by perineal patterns and electrophoretic pattern of esterase (Est). In the 38 soil samples, different genus of plant-parasitic nematodes was found: Aphelenchus, Dorylaimus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Meloidogyne, Mesocriconema, Mononchus, OGMA, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema and free-living nematodes, in root samples, eight populations of Meloidogyne spp. were found. distributed among three species: (1) M. incognita phenotype Est I1, Rm: 1.0 with 33.33% of frequency and Est I2, Rm: 1.03, 1.07 (50%); (2) M. javanica Est J3, Rm: 1.03, 1.24, 1.37 (16.67%) and an atypical species named Meloidogyne sp. Rm: 0.85 (33.33%). The identification of genus and species phytoparasitic nematodes in alliaceae will allow the adoption of more efficient integrated management measures, because have a distinct parasitism behavior.

34

dos Santos Júnior, Agenor de Castro Moreira, Carlos André Ornelas Ricart, Arthur Henriques Pontes, Wagner Fontes, Agnelo Rodrigues de Souza, Mariana Souza Castro, Marcelo Valle de Sousa e Beatriz Dolabela de Lima. "Proteome analysis of Phytomonas serpens, a phytoparasite of medical interest". PLOS ONE 13, n. 10 (10 ottobre 2018): e0204818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204818.

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35

I. K. A., Ibrahim. "Occurrence of phytoparasitic nematodes on some crop plants in northern Egypt". Pakistan Journal of Nematology 34, n. 02 (31 luglio 2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v34.i02.p163.

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36

Koritsas, V. M., e H. J. Atkinson. "Proteinases of females of the phytoparasite Globodera pallida (potato cyst nematode)". Parasitology 109, n. 3 (settembre 1994): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000078392.

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SummarySensitive assays capable of detecting proteinases in single females of the phytoparasite Globodera pallida have been developed and used to define the proteinase activity of young adult females. Digestion of the large subunit of the plant protein Rubisco established a pH optimum for the proteinase activity at pH 5·7. The activity was inhibited by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PMBA) and p-chloromercurisulphonic acid (PMSA) and stimulated by both cysteine and dithiothreitol (DTT). It was moderately reduced by L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-(4- guanidino) butane (E64) but not by specific inhibitors of serine, aspartate or metallo-proteinases. The activity separated into 3 bands on a non-denaturing gel but only I proteinase of 62 kDa was recovered following a combination of anion-exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography using PMBA. The effect of inhibitors was similar to that reported previously for some of the cysteine proteinase activity recovered from Caenorhabditis elegans but is apparently not that for which the corresponding gene has been cloned in this nematode and Haemonchus contortus. The proteinase may have a major role in digestion of dietary protein and so offers an exciting target for future control of this important plant-parasitic nematode.

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Fajardo P, Mario, Erwin Aballay E e Manuel Casanova P. "Soil properties influencing phytoparasitic nematode population on Chilean vineyards". Chilean journal of agricultural research 71, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392011000200009.

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38

Homyak, A. I., A. M. Asaturova, N. M. Sidorov e V. M. Dubyaga. "BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES BASED ON MICROORGANISMS (REVIEW)". TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES 3 (27) (2021): 191–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-191-219.

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Phytoparasitic nematodes are dangerous pests of agricultural crops. Annually, yield losses due to damage by phytonematodes are up to 15%, which is estimated at billions of dollars. The aim of the research is to summarize and analyze scientific publications concerning the harmfulness of phytoparasitic nematodes and microorganisms that have an antagonistic effect against them for the further development of biopreparations of nematicidal action based on antagonist bacteria. The study objectives are to identify the most common groups of nematodes, review the information concerning microorganisms that have a nematicidal effect and biological products based on them. The review considers the main representatives of nematodes – plant parasites and notes their habitat, harmfulness, affected crops and symptoms of infection. Brief descriptions of life cycles and systematic affiliation are given. Analysis of scientific publications on the studied topic shows that numerous microorganisms are capable of exhibiting nematicidal activity, directly or indirectly affecting nematodes in the soil. In the course of the analysis of literary sources, it was found that both fungi and bacteria can exhibit an antagonistic effect against phytoparasitic nematodes. It is noted that for both groups of microorganisms, there are several mechanisms of action: predation, parasitism, competition, etc. It has been found that fungi and bacteria synthesize metabolites of various natures with a nematicidal effect: toxins, lytic enzymes, antibiotics, siderophores. It should be noted that microorganisms-antagonist are capable of exhibiting nematicidal activity to nematodes of different stages of the life cycle: eggs, juveniles and adults. Nowadays, some commercial preparations based on antagonist microorganisms are successfully used in agriculture in different countries. During the analysis, it was discovered that to date, few viruses are capable of infecting nematodes; their systematic affiliation has also been established. It is noted that, if compared to bionematicides based on fungi and bacteria, not a single bionematicide based on viruses has been developed. The development of bionematicides based on antagonist microorganisms is a promising area but requires further studies of interactions in the plant-nematode-microorganism system.

39

Thiéry, M., e D. Mugniéry. "Microsatellite loci in the phytoparasitic nematode Globodera". Genome 43, n. 1 (2000): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-43-1-160.

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40

D’Addabbo, Trifone, Maria Pia Argentieri, Jerzy Żuchowski, Elisa Biazzi, Aldo Tava, Wieslaw Oleszek e Pinarosa Avato. "Activity of Saponins from Medicago Species against Phytoparasitic Nematodes". Plants 9, n. 4 (2 aprile 2020): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040443.

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Content of bioactive saponins of Medicago species suggests that they may also exert, as previously demonstrated on M. sativa, nematicidal properties exploitable for the formulation of new products for sustainable phytoparasitic nematode management. This study was addressed to highlight the bioactivity of saponins from five different Medicago species still poorly known for their biological efficacy, i.e., M. heyniana, M. hybrida, M. lupulina, M. murex and M. truncatula, against the plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Xiphinema index and Globodera rostochiensis. The bioactivity of the extracts from the five Medicago species was assessed by in vitro assays on the juveniles (J2) and eggs of M. incognita and G. rostochiensis and the adult females of X. index. The suppressiveness to M. incognita of soil treatments with the Medicago plant biomasses was also investigated in a tomato experiment. The nematicidal activity of the five Medicago species was reported and discussed in relation to their phytochemical profile.

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Kharwar, R. N., e R. K. Singh. "Additions to the hyphomycete genus Veronaea as phytoparasitic species". Microbiological Research 159, n. 2 (giugno 2004): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2004.01.012.

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42

Huang, Q., X. Cheng, B. Xie e R. Xu. "SSR data mined from expressed sequence tags of phytoparasitic nematodes". Helminthologia 47, n. 1 (1 marzo 2010): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-010-0002-2.

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AbstractSSR markers have become the most popular resource for studying population genetic variation in eukaryotes. However, few studies with SSR markers have been carried out with phytoparasitic nematodes. In this study a primary survey on EST-SSRs was made utilizing bioinformatics methods to derive SSRs from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of 16 species of PPN, which belong to 7 genera and 5 families. The results showed that trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs in coding ESTs, while tetranucleotide SSRs were predominant in non-coding ESTs and genome sequences. AG/CT, AAC/GTT and (AAAN)n motifs were predominant, and CG/GC, ACT/AGT motifs were scanty in the ESTs of most genera and species. SSRs were more abundant in non-coding ESTs than in coding ESTs. The distribution frequencies of SSR motifs in coding ESTs, non-coding ESTs and genomes are different. Our results will provide useful information for screening SSRs from each genus and species for further genetic study of phytoparastic nematodes.

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Zinov'eva, S. V., N. I. Vasyukova e O. L. Ozeretskovskaya. "Biochemical Aspects of Plant Interactions with Phytoparasitic Nematodes: A Review". Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 40, n. 2 (marzo 2004): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:abim.0000018912.93529.78.

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44

Kreisel, H., e M. Scholler. "Chronology of Phytoparasitic Fungi Introduced to Germany and Adjacent Countries". Botanica Acta 107, n. 6 (dicembre 1994): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00812.x.

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Lutz, Matthias, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow e Franz Oberwinkler. "Tuberculina — Thanatophytum/Rhizoctonia crocorum — Helicobasidium: a unique mycoparasitic-phytoparasitic life strategy". Mycological Research 108, n. 3 (marzo 2004): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756204009359.

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46

Kostyuk, N. A. "Ontogenetic divergence of the phytoparasitic nematodesMacroposthonia nainitalensis andM. tenuiannulata (Criconematidae, tylenchia)". Russian Journal of Developmental Biology 31, n. 3 (maggio 2000): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02758822.

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47

Bhalla, Meenu K., e Sanjay K. Singh. "New phytoparasitic hyphomycetes from the terai belt of uttar pradesh, India". Mycological Research 100, n. 5 (maggio 1996): 610–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(96)80016-5.

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48

Peraza-Padilla, Walter. "First report of two Mesocriconema (Nematoda: Criconematidae) species in mulberry trees in Costa Rica". Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 44, n. 2 (giugno 2014): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-40632014000200016.

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Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of mulberry (Morus alba L.) trees, in a 1,000 m² plot, at the Experimental Farm Santa Lucia, in Barva, Heredia, Costa Rica, in August 2013. The plants showed symptoms of yellowing, declining and poor development. Specimens of two ring nematode were collected from the soil and identified as Mesocriconema sphaerocephalum (Taylor 1936) Loof 1989 and M. anastomoides (Maqbool & Shahina 1985) Loof & De Grisse 1989, based on the morphological and morphometrical analysis of females. Both nematodes have been previously found in Costa Rica. However, this is the first report of nematodes from the Criconematidae family associated to mulberry trees and it provides additional information on the distribution of this phytoparasite.

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A.W., Aseffa. "Community analysis of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with ornamental plants at Jimma University Agriculture Campus, Ethiopia". Pakistan Journal of Nematology 36, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2018): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18681/pjn.v36.i01.p111-115.

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Sihem Ziouche, Haizia Kelaleche, Amel Bourahla e Zahr Eddine Djazouli. "The Biofumigation Potential of Wild Radish (Raphanus Raphanustrum) and Field Mustard (Sinapis Arvensis) in Controlling Some Phytoparisitic Nematodes". Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, n. 5 (8 dicembre 2023): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i5.2572.

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Biofumigation is the process of introducing plants and their residues into the soil to release volatile compounds. Among these plants, those belonging to the Brassicaceae family are the most commonly used ones for biofumigation purposes. These plants are rich in glucosinolates, which upon enzymatic hydrolysis produce compounds such as isothiocyanates, which are approved as nematicides. Raphanus, Sinapis, and Eruca species genera are the most frequently used plants in the Brassicaceae family for biofumigation. This technique is becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable alternative to restricting fumigants in agriculture production. Dry plants (at vegetative and flowering stages) of Raphanus raphanustrum and Sinapis arvensis are incorporated into the soil and evaluated for their biofumigation effects on some phytoparasitic nematodes in comparison to a synthetic nematicide (tefluthrin 1.5%) and untreated control. Thirty days post-incorporation, soil samples were collected for nematode extraction and counting, and subsequently identified at the genus level. We identified four phytoparasitic nematodes that are most harmful to cultivated plants (Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, and Tylenchus). Each treatment decreased nematode population densities from 67% to 92%. Sinapis arvensis biofumigation was the most effective, reducing nematode densities by up to 92%. Conversely, Raphanus raphanustrum and Tefluthrin 1.5% treatments generally resulted in increased nematode densities (up to 74% and 67% respectively). The results of this study have given valuable information and suggest that Sinapis arvensis could be used to manage plant-parasitic nematodes, particularly the Tylenchorhynchus population. Biofumigation is a promising strategy that can be used especially by subsistence farmers for the sustainable production of crops in the presence of lower nematode pest densities.

Articoli di riviste sul tema "Phytoparasites"

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