Tesi sul tema "Phytoliths"
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Hart, Thomas Chesley. "A stroll through the park evaluating the usefulness of phytolith and starch remains found on medieval sherds from Wicken, Northamptonshire, England /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5058.
Testo completoThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on January 3, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
Tubb, Helen J. "Anatomical, developmental and physiological aspects of silica in wheat". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/197165a2-c303-4a80-a9d2-93b8954f4e92/1.
Testo completoBlinnikov, Mikhail S. "Late-Pleistocene history of the Columbia Basin grassland based on phytolith records in loess /". view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9948017.
Testo completoTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-211). Also available for download from the Internet; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9948017.
Duncan, Neil Andrew. "At the edge of the Puna : archaeological test excavation and sampling for phytolith signatures of ancient corrals at Antibal, Peru /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418014.
Testo completoGallaher, Kirsten S. L. "Reconstruction of late Holocene vegetation and climate of Hluhluwe Mfolozi area using phytoliths". Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26585.
Testo completoPomerantz, Solomon. "The prehistory of Madagascar : microbotanical and archaeological evidence from coastal and highland sites". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0f536e8-9f1f-451b-b02d-cc9365ed3aba.
Testo completoWatling, Jennifer Georgina. "Environmental impact of the pre-Columbian geoglyph builders of Western Amazonia". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16386.
Testo completoLogan, Amanda Lee. "The application of phytolith and starch grain analysis to understanding formative period subsistence, ritual, and trade on the Taraco Pennisula, Highland Bolivia". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4596.
Testo completoThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 21, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
Taylor, Sam. "Reconstructing Historical Vegetation Cover in Otago, New Zealand, Using Multi-proxy Analysis of Peat Cores". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4206.
Testo completoIriarte, José. "MID-HOLOCENE EMERGENT COMPLEXITY AND LANDSCAPE TRANSFORMATION: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF EARLY FORMATIVE COMMUNITIES IN URUGUAY, LA PLATA BASIN". UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/243.
Testo completoRocheford, MaryKathryn. "An early to middle Holocene carbon isotope and phytolith record from the Sac Valley Archaeological District, southwest Missouri". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/425.
Testo completoRocheford, Mary Kathryn Bettis Elmer A. "An early to middle Holocene carbon isotope and phytolith record from the Sac Valley Archaeological District, southwest Missouri". [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/425.
Testo completoWebb, Elizabeth A. "Stable isotopic compositions of silica phytoliths and plant water in grasses, implications for the study of paleoclimate". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/NQ58164.pdf.
Testo completoMadella, Marco. "Morphological analysis of phytoliths : a botanical tool for the interpretation of archaeological and geological sediments from Eurasia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421361.
Testo completoPasturel, Marine. "Pour une meilleure représentation de la diversité des biomes herbacés africains dans les modèles de végétation : apports des traits physionomiques, de l’indice de surface foliaire et des phytolithes de graminées". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4316.
Testo completoIntertropical african herbaceous biomes are expected to face drastic changes in a near future. However Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) simulate their modern boundaries with poor accuracy, especially at the regional scale. DGVMs fail to consider the diversity of their C4 grass cover. Efforts are thus needed to characterize this floristic and physiognomic diversity in a way that can be used for enhancing DGVMs simulations, and enabling model/data (phytoliths) comparisons. For that purpose, physiognomic traits of dominant C4 grass species settled in Senegal and South Africa were listed. Four grass physiognomic groups were statistically identified. The abundance of four of them significantly varied with biome distributions and regional precipitation. Two grass physiognomic groups were additionally strongly correlated with leaf area index (LAI) and grass biomass. In Senegal, those two groups were also well traced by the Iph phytolith index which is a tropical grass cover proxy. In South Africa the limited set of phytolith data did not allow to observe the full savanna/steppe transition. The two physiognomic groups finally fulfilled the criteria required for creating Plant Functional Types (PFTs). Those new PFTs, parameterized in the LPJ-GUESS DGVM, enhanced the simulation of modern herbaceous biomes distribution in Senegal and South Africa. Simulations were additionally performed for the 2100 horizon. They evidence that the increase of both length of the dry season and atmospheric CO2 concentration should favor the simultaneous spread of steppes and closed savannas at the expense of open savannas
Buffington, Abigail Francesca. "Using Phytolith Assemblages to Detect a Pastoral Landscape in Neolithic Wādī Sanā, Yemen". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566227843382311.
Testo completoSjöström, Jenny. "Late Holocene palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on a peat sequence from northeastern South Africa, using grass phytoliths as main proxy". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91882.
Testo completoPeople, Land, and Time in Africa (PLATINA)
Bokoni project. This MA thesis is part of a transdisciplinary project involving scholars from Sweden and South Africa aiming to understand traces of pre-colonial terraces found in north-easter Mpumalanga, South Africa.
Hilbert, Lautaro Maximilian. "Investigating plant management in the Monte Castelo (Rondônia-Brazil) and Tucumã (Pará-Brazil) shell mound using phytoliths analysis". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30060.
Testo completoBoyadjian, Célia Helena Cezar. "Microfósseis contidos no cálculo dentário como evidência do uso de recursos vegetais nos sambaquis de Jabuticabeira II (SC) e Moraes (SP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-31012008-161121/.
Testo completoThe analysis of vegetal microfossils is paramount for the recovery of informations about plant use in past human groups, especially in archaeological contexts where macro remains are poorly preserved (as in shellmounds or sambaquis). Micro remains can be recovered from sediments, coprolites, stone artefacts, pottery, as well as from dental calculus. During the mastication and the use of the teeth as tools, micro particles like starch grains, phytoliths and fibers, become trapped in the dental calculus matrix. Chemical processing of dental calculus permits the extraction of microfossils. Quantification and identification allows reconstruction of habits and diet of past human groups. However, there are sites in which the calculus deposits do not preserve well enough to be processed using the traditional method. The plant use by Brazilian shellmound groups is still an underexplored matter. Among these there are groups like Jabuticabeira II (SC) with large deposits of dental calculus, where the traditional method can be applied, as well as others with just faint dental calculus marks, like Moraes (SP). Therefore, the aims of this work are to: process and analyse dental calculus contents from Jabuticabeira II individuals; develop and test a new method for the recovery of microfossils form cryptic dental calculus marks (dental wash); apply the dental wash in Moraes teeth; and, finally, to compare the results between both sites. The data obtained permit the following conclusions: -The dental wash technique is efficient for the recovery of microfossils from faint dental calculus marks and the results are comparable to those obtained by the traditional method. However, dental wash can preclude morphological and microwear analyses. - Starch grains were observed in almost all samples from both sites but the phytoliths were obtained only from few of them. This indicates that the vegetal diet in these sites was based mainly in storage organs of plants where only few individuals had a more diverse food intake, consuming also vegetal parts rich in phytoliths. - Modified starch grains found in both sites and dark plant fragments (charcoal) found only in Jabuticabeira II suggest food preparation. - The significant higher concentrations of starch grains in Moraes than in Jabuticabeira II, suggests that the intake of carbohydrate rich food was higher in Moraes. Indeed, this is corroborated by a much higher caries rates in the latter site. 136 -The absence of differences of starch and phytolith concentrations between men and women suggest that there was no distinction in the plant food consumed between the sexes.
Alves, Daiana Travassos. "Dark Earth plant management in the Lower Tapajos". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34077.
Testo completoNovello, Alice. "Les phytolithes, marqueurs des environnements mio-pliocènes du Tchad. Reconstitution à partir du signal environnemental des phytolithes dans l'Afrique subsaharienne actuelle". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2303/document.
Testo completoThis thesis dissertation is dedicated to the study of the phytolith signal of Mio-Pliocenesediments from Chad (Central Africa) dated between 7-2 Ma, and contemporary to the early Homininspecies Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus bahrelghazali. A calibration work studyingthe relationship plants-phytoliths-soils in modern sub-Saharan tropical Africa was carried out in orderto assess the environmental significance of the phytolith signal in the fossil record. Phytolithassemblages produced by 98 sub-Saharan grass species (Poaceae) were analyzed and the results led tothe development of three new phytolith indices defined from 43 types specific to Poaceae. Tested on adatabase of 57 modern soil/sediment samples from Chad, these indices allow drawing aquatic grassassociations of Lake Chad, mesophytic grass associations of wetlands from the Sudanian domain, andxerophytic grass associations of drylands from the Sahelian domain. The analysis of modern soilphytolith assemblages (total assemblages) was used to assess the potential of this proxy to characterizethe physiognomy of the Sudano-Sahelian vegetation types. The calibration had been applied to thestudy of a discontinuous sedimentary record from Lake Chad (6-2 Ma) (Bol core, 13°N/14°E) and of18 paleontological levels from the Djourab (7-3.5 Ma) (16°N/17°E). The results indicate thedominance of intermediate to closed savannas and areas of aquatic vegetation at 7 Ma in the Djourab,and more open and dry savannas at 3.5 Ma. A limited lacustrine stage is recorded between 3.6-2.8 Maat Bol, and a shift of aridity at 3.2 Ma. Finally, the results show the existence of C4 grasses in Chadsince 7 Ma
Pearce, Madison Natasha. "Laying the Foundation for a Fremont Phytolith Typology Using Select Plant Species Native to Utah County". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6648.
Testo completoRodríguez, Antón David. "Ocupación e impacto humano en la alta montaña durante la prehistoria. Un estudio arqueoambiental de Aigüestortes (8 – 4 ka cal BP) mediante el análisis de fitolitos". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669526.
Testo completoEsta tesis doctoral investiga sobre el poblamiento prehistórico de la alta montaña en los Pirineos catalanes occidentales, concretamente, en el Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici (Lleida). En particular, este trabajo de investigación se distingue por presentar una propuesta metodológica innovadora, que contribuye al estudio de la ocupación humana de las montañas durante el Neolítico. La metodología arqueológica desarrollada se enfoca en la detección de las actividades productivas realizadas por las comunidades agropastorales prehistóricas, su gestión ambiental y su impacto en el medio. Para ello, se han analizado los fitolitos procedentes de diferentes tipos de depósitos sedimentarios. Estos microrestos son cuerpos silíceos producidos por las plantas, que nos informan de la composición vegetal de los sedimentos. Los fitolitos son un indicador de las actividades realizadas por las sociedades con las plantas y su impacto en el paisaje. El análisis de fitolitos se ha integrado como una herramienta para el estudio de las ocupaciones prehistóricas en la alta montaña de los Pirineos por primera vez. Además, como propuesta de investigación bioarqueológica integral, los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis se han interpretado en relación con otros restos biológicos documentados en los sedimentos analizados, como los carbones, el polen, las diatomeas o la materia orgánica.
This Ph.D dissertation focuses on the prehistoric settlement at high mountain areas of the western Catalan Pyrenees, particularly, in Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park (Lleida). More specifically, this research work distinguished by an innovative methodological approach, which contributes to the study on human mountain occupation during Neolithic. The archaeological method is focused to detect the activities carried out by these agropastoral populations, the natural resources exploited and the impact caused on environment. Different sedimentary deposits were studied, in order to analyse silica phytoliths. They are siliceous bodies produced by plants, used as a proxy for detecting human activities on plants and their impact on landscape. Phytolith analysis is integrated as a tool for studying the prehistoric occupations in the high-altitude areas at the Pyrenees for the first time. In addition, into an integrated bioarchaeological approach, the results obtained are interpreted taken into account other biological remains analysed in sediments, such as charcoal, pollen, diatoms and organic matter.
Macedo, Rodrigo Santana. "Pedogênese e indicadores pedoarqueológicos em terra preta de índio no município de Iranduba - AM". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-14042014-164952/.
Testo completoA remarkable evidence of human occupation in Amazonian region is the existence of soils with dark colors and presence of ceramic materials, known as Indigenous Dark Earth (IDE). Despite of widely studied some of their features are still poorly understood, mainly that related to micromorphology, mineralogy and geochemical aspects. Such approach, in combination to phytolytic studies, is able to identify soil genesis processes and unravel the comprehension of occupation mechanisms of human. The aim of this study was to establish the hierarchy of these processes and their association with ancient activities of pre-Columbian populations. The research was carried out in the experimental site of Caldeirão, Iranduba city (Amazon state, Brazil). Two pedons containing surface anthropogenic horizons (P1 and P2) were directly compared to a non-anthropogenic soil (P3). In each soil horizon disturbed soil samples were sampled in order to perform physical, chemical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. For phytolitic analyses samples were taken each 5 cm of depth. Micromorphological samples were studied in thin sections in the optical microscope and further analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The chronology was accomplished after 14C dating. The microaggregates in anthropogenic horizon are related to geochemical and biological processes. The genesis of IDE implicates in the following mechanisms: i) disposal and burning of residues by humans (anthropization); ii) deepening A horizons and darkening subsurface horizons by bioturbation (cumulization and melanization processes); iii) dispersion and migration of colloidal particles leading to argiluviation process; iv) different condictions of environment that not occur nowdays (pedorelict - ferruginous nodules). Clay coatings with extinction bands and continuous orientation in the ceramic artifacts suggest a current argiluviation process. The degradation of Fe nodules enhances the xantization process also providing clay (source of clay). The prevalent soil genesis in non-anthropic soil is the elutriation. The degradation of Fe nodules in the IDE enhances the xantization process also providing clay (pedoplasmation). The number of phytoliths of Arecaceae and Cyperaceae is higher in IDE than non-IDE, mainly in the horizons with more ceramics. The phytolitic evidence demonstrate that activities anthropic was more intense in the P1. The rapid Si cycling, highlighted by the presence of phytoliths without complete silicification, contribute to stability of kaolinitic mineralogy. HIV, illite and variscite-strengite are constrained to IDE pedons. P2O5-CaO-K2O-NaO-Cs-Co-Zn-Cu-Ba-Rb-Ni represents the geochemical signature of IDE. The presence of maghemite, variscite-strengite and tridimite strengthen a mineral forming process linked to human activity. In ceramic materials there is a prevalence of phytoliths from cauixi (Tubella reticulata and Parnula betesil) and cariapé (Licania utilis). The presence of mica suggests an alloctone material for their manufacturing. Hence the anthropic horizons result from the addition of archeological artifacts and melanization of non-anthropic horizons. These activities chemically enriched and modify the geochemical signature of soil, as soon as promoted formation of minerals. The anthropic activities conducted the argiluviation and degradation of Fe nodules. During their evolution there was a clear addition of plant residues, notably related to palm trees and Cyperaceae species.
Morris, Lesley. "Combining Environmental History and Soil Phytolith Analysis at the City of Rocks National Reserve: Developing New Methods in Historical Ecology". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/35.
Testo completoRaitz, Edenilson. "Coleção de referência de silicofitólitos da flora do Sudoeste do Paraná: subsídios para estudos paleoambientais". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/133.
Testo completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Phytoliths bodies are of amorphous silica (SiO2.nH20) produced during the vegetative cycle and plant death after the production can be incorporated into the soil/sediment, and may remain there for extended periods of time. For an analysis consistent fitolítica is necessary to compare the sets of phytoliths found in soil and the collections of references phytoliths extracted from existing plants. The problem is there is no reference collection available for the Southwest region of Paraná and in Brazil, so there is no possibility of comparisons difficult paleoenvironmental reconstructions through this proxy. In order to minimize the lack of information on the production of phytoliths by vegetation of Brazil was made a reference collection of phytoliths from phytophysionomies Mixed Ombrophylous Forest and grassland, both located in the Southwest of Paraná State. This collection consists of 30 families, 57 genera and 75 species. In the floristic survey of FOM Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae Pteridaceae families have greater representation of species. The vegetation of the grassland had a high representation of Poaceae, Asterceae, Cyperaceae, and Lauraceae. It was found that the production of Late Gray (fraction that contains the phytoliths) decrease of herbaceous to woody phytophysionomies in both. Only two (Araucaria angustifolia and Rapanea gardneriana) of 71 species analyzed did not produce identifiable phytoliths in the leaves. The production of phytoliths in different strata varied in similar proportions in the FOM and the field, especially in stratum A, because the presence of grass species that contributed to high amount of morphotypes short-cells (bilobate, cross and saddle, rondel and conical) in two forest types. While the layers B, C, D and redundancy Epiphytes presented to each other for producing morphotypes blocky, tabular, globular, cylindric and irregular cells by species. The production of phytoliths in the FOM morphological differ in quantity significantly from conjuto produced by species of the grassland, since grasses produce more biomineralizations than eudicotyledonous. The analysis fitolítica the first 40 cm of soil under the FOM revealed a change in vegetation type, evolving from a opened vegetation to more closed forest (current). It was possible to deduce that this change has occurred as a result of past human action. Similar trend was found in the soil analysis of the grassland, that is, moved from grassland to grassland clean of this dirty again to grassland clean, change occurred due to the abandonment of the field and return of site anthropogenic activities. The degradation of two morphotypes differed in physiognomy. The morphotypes found in soil under the FOM showed the lowest degradation compared to the grassland. The set of two soils revealed significant patterns that differentiate the two forest types, showing that different vegetation units can be discriminated by the signatures phytolitic produced by them. These results reinforce the utility of using phytoliths as significant indicators to distinguish vegetation units dominated by field and/or forest, even in a short period of time, thus demonstrating the potential of phytoliths analysis for paleoecological reconstruction in southern Brazil.
Fitólitos são corpos de sílica amorfa (SiO2.nH20), produzidos ao longo do ciclo vegetativo das plantas e após a morte das produtoras podem ser incorporados ao solo/sedimentos, podendo permanecer ali por longos períodos de tempo. Para uma análise fitolítica consistente é necessária a comparação entre os conjuntos de fitólitos encontrados no solo e as coleções de referências de fitólitos extraídos de plantas atuais. O problema consiste em não haver coleção de referência disponível para a região Sudoeste do Paraná e do Brasil, logo, não existem possibilidades de comparações, dificultando a reconstrução paleoambiental por meio deste proxy. Visando minimizar a carência de informações sobre a produção de fitólitos pela vegetação do Brasil foi elaborada uma coleção de referência de fitólitos da fitofisionomias Floresta Ombrófila Mista e do Campo, ambas localizadas no Sudoeste do Estado do Paraná. Esta coleção é composta por 30 famílias, 57 gêneros e 75 espécies. No levantamento florístico da FOM as famílias Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Pteridaceae e Fabaceae apresentam maior representatividade de espécies. A vegetação do Campo apresentou elevada representatividade de espécies de Poaceae, Asterceae, Cyperaceae e Lauraceae. Constatou-se que a produção de Cinza Final (fração que contém os fitólitos) diminuem do estratos herbáceo para o arbóreo nas duas fitofisionomias. Somente duas (Araucaria angustifolia e Rapanea gardneriana) das 71 espécies analisadas não produziram fitólitos identificáveis nas folhas. A produção de fitólitos nos diferentes estratos variou em proporções similares na FOM e no Campo, principalmente no estrato A, devido presença de espécies de gramíneas que contribuiram com elevada quantidade de morfotipos short-cells (bilobate, cross e saddle, rondel e conical) nas duas fitofisionomias. Enquanto que os estratos B, C, D e Epífitas apresentaram redundância entre si pela produção de morfotipos blocky, tabular, globular, cylindric, irregular cells pelas espécies. A produção morfológica de fitólitos na FOM diferiu em quantidade, significativamente em relação ao conjuto produzido pelas espécies do Campo, pois as gramíneas produzem mais biomineralizações do que as eudicotiledôneas. A análise fitolítica dos primeiros 40 cm de solo sob a FOM revelou mudança no tipo de vegetação, evoluindo de uma vegetação mais aberta para floresta mais fechada (atual). Foi possível elocubrar que esta mudança tenha ocorrido em decorrência da ação antrópica passada. Tendência similar foi encontrada na análise do solo do Campo, isto é, passou de Campo limpo para Campo sujo e deste, novamente para Campo limpo, mudança ocorrida devido ao abandono da área e retorno das atividades antrópicas locais. A degradação dos morfotipos diferenciou nas duas fitofisionomia. Os morfotipos encontrados no solo sob a FOM apresentaram menor índice de degradação se comparado ao do Campo. O conjunto dos dois solos revelaram padrões significativos que diferenciam as duas fitofisionomias, mostrando que diferentes unidades de vegetação podem ser discriminadas pelas assinaturas fitolíticas por elas produzidas. Estes resultados reforçam a utilidade de usar fitólitos como indicadores significativos para diferenciar unidades de vegetação dominada por Campo e/ou Floresta, mesmo em curto período de tempo, demonstrando assim, o potencial da análise de fitólitos para a reconstrução paleoecológica na região Sul do Brasil.
Silva, Deyvis Willian da. "Caracterização paleoclimática do quaternário tardio em áreas planálticas do Estado do Paraná". Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2672.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo em escala de detalhe regional para a compreensão das configurações paleoambientais do Quaternário em três regiões planálticas do estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil (Ponta Grossa, Guarapuava e Palmas). Para tanto utilizou-se como principal objeto de análise assembleias fitolíticas, aliados a dados isotópicos da matéria orgânica do solo e datações 14C, extraídos de testemunhos de Organossolo em altitudes que variaram de 850 a 1.280 metros. Para o reverso da Escarpa Devoniana, em Ponta Grossa, os resultados sugerem que desde 34.550 anos cal. AP até 11.000 anos cal. AP vigorou na região um clima mais frio e seco que o atual, dominado por vegetação campestre. Diferentemente, na Serra da Esperança, em Guarapuava, no período entre 13.660 e 10.000 anos AP, apesar do clima mais frio que o atual, havia umidade suficiente para que vegetação do tipo florestal predominasse. Para ambos os locais, no entanto, o intervalo entre 10-11.000 e 5-6.000 anos AP é marcado por um ambiente de maior aridez, ocupado por um mosaico floresta/campo com prevalência campestre. A partir de 6.000 anos AP inicia-se uma mudança significativa no sentido de um clima mais quente e úmido. Mas, enquanto na Escarpa Devoniana a vegetação assume configuração semelhante a atual, propícia a formação de um mosaico campo/floresta, na Serra da Esperança a vegetação tende a ser bem mais fechada, num mosaico floresta/campo. O testemunho de Palmas abrange apenas os últimos 4.920 anos cal. AP e sugere o estabelecimento de um ambiente característico de mosaico campo/floresta, gradativamente mais aberto. A partir dos últimos 1.500 anos AP, mudanças na configuração de gramíneas sugerem um ambiente mais úmido, sob condições climáticas mais próximas às atuais, uma típica paisagem de campo entremeada por agrupamentos florestais. Os dados apontam possíveis variações na intensidade de mudanças climáticas no Pleistoceno Tardio em função de diferenças no relevo planáltico e sua capacidade de interferência microclimática.
This paper presents a study on a detailed regional scale for understanding the Quaternary paleoenvironmental settings in the Paraná Highlands, Southern Brazil (Ponta Grossa, Guarapuava, and Palmas. The main object of analysis was phytolitc assemblies, combined with isotopic data of soil organic matter and carbon-14 dating, sampled from peat testimonies at altitudes that ranged from 850 to 1,280 m. For the reverse of the Escarpa Devoniana, in Ponta Grossa, the results suggest that since 34,550 yrs. cal BP up to 11,000 yrs. cal BP the region had a colder and dryer climate than the current one, dominated by grassland. In contrast, in Serra da Esperança, in Guarapuava, in the period between 13,660 yrs. cal BP up to 10,000 yrs. cal BP despite the colder climate than the current, there was enough moisture for a kind of forest predominance. For both locations, however, the interval between 10-and 56,000 yrs. 11,000 BP is marked by greater aridity, occupied by a mosaic forest/field with prevalence of grasses. From 6,000 yrs. BP, it begins a significant shift towards a warmer moister climate. Nevertheless, while in the Escarpa Devoniana vegetation takes similar configuration to the current one, favorable to a mosaic field/forest, in Serra da Esperança the vegetation tends to be much more closed, as a mosaic forest/field. The Palmas testimony only comprises the last years 4,920 yrs. cal BP and suggests the establishment of an environment of mosaic field/forest, gradually more open. From the past 1,500 yrs., changes in grassland configuration suggest a moister environment under climatic conditions closer to the present, a typical grassland landscape with forest patches. The data indicate possible variations in the intensity of climate change in the Late Pleistocene due to differences in the Highlands’ relief and its capacity of microclimatic interference.
Testé, Marc. "Histoire naturelle des phytolithes des basses-terres mayas : implication pour la reconstitution des Paléoenvironnements et des interactions sociétés-environnements". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H023.
Testo completoIn tropical latitudes, phytoliths represent an important indicator of the paleoenvironmental reconstitutions. Yet, they are still modestly used in past environments studies of Mayan Lowlands, despite the low potential of other vegetation bioindicators. It is in this context, and through the rich sedimentary archives of the Naachtun archaeological site and its surroundings, that we propose a new approach to exploit the inherent advantages of these siliceous microfossils for the study of past environments. Located in the extreme north of Guatemala in the subtropical Petén forest, the territory of Naachtun has been the subject of archaeological and geoarchaeological research since 2010. With its geographical location in the middle of the major Mayan political centers, this site represents a crucial space in the evaluation of the interactions between Mayan societies and the environment over the last 4 millennia, the main issue of this doctoral dissertation. To answer this question, two methodological axes have been privileged. The first axis concerns an actualist approach and aims to calibrate modern phytolith assemblages about the current natural and anthropogenic ecosystems of Naachtun and its region. The second axis, palaeoenvironmental, aims to use fossil phytolith assemblages recorded in off-site contexts, in the bajo palustrine sediments, and intra-site, to propose a reconstruction of the socio-environmental history of Naachtun. This thesis research demonstrates the potential of this new tool for the approach of palaeoenvironments in the Mayan lowlands, but it also provides new knowledge on the use of wetlands by Mayan populations. More broadly, this work is part of the current construction of an imaginary of Mayan societies conscious of their environment and adapted to its changes, a counter-example to our modern problems and crises
En las latitudes tropicales, los fitolitos representan un indicador esencial en la reconstitución de paleoambientes. Sin embargo, todavía se utilizan modestamente en estudios de ambientes pasados en las Tierras Bajas Mayas, a pesar del bajo potencial de otros bioindicadores de vegetación. Es en este contexto, y a través de los ricos archivos sedimentarios del sitio arqueológico de Naachtun y sus alrededores, que proponemos un nuevo enfoque para explotar las ventajas inherentes de estos microfósiles silíceos para el estudio de los ambientes del pasado. Ubicado en el extremo norte de Guatemala en el bosque subtropical del Petén, el territorio de Naachtun ha sido objeto de investigaciones arqueológicas y geoarqueológicas desde 2010. Por su situación geográfica en las tierras bajas y su proximidad a los principales centros políticos mayas, este sitio representa un espacio crucial en la evaluación de las interacciones entre las sociedades mayas y el medio ambiente durante los últimos 4 milenios, el tema principal de este trabajo de doctorado. Para responder a esta pregunta se han privilegiado dos ejes metodológicos. El primer eje se refiere a un enfoque de actualismo y tiene como objetivo calibrar los ensamblajes de fitolitos modernos en relación con los actuales ecosistemas naturales y antropogénicos de Naachtun y su región. El segundo eje, paleoambiental, tiene como objetivo utilizar los ensamblajes de fitolitos fósiles registrados en contextos fuera del sitio, en los sedimentos palustres de bajo, y dentro del sitio, para proponer una reconstrucción de la historia socio-ambiental de Naachtun. Este trabajo de tesis demuestra el potencial de esta nueva herramienta para el abordaje de paleoambientes en las tierras bajas mayas, pero también aporta nuevos conocimientos sobre el uso de los humedales por parte de las poblaciones mayas. En términos más generales, este trabajo se inscribe en la construcción actual de un imaginario de sociedades mayas conscientes de su entorno y adaptadas a sus cambios, un contraejemplo a nuestros problemas y crisis actuales
Alexandre, Anne. "Phytolithes, interactions sol-plante et paléoenvironnements". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30122.
Testo completoFraysse, Fabrice. "Cycle biogéochimique du silicium dans les environnements superficiels continentaux : Impact des plantes terrestres". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179740.
Testo completoEsteban, Alamá Irene. "Reconstructing past vegetation and modern human foraging strategies on the south coast of South Africa". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401426.
Testo completoEste trabajo de tesis tiene el objetivo último de conocer las estrategias de explotación de recursos vegetales de las poblaciones de primeros humanos modernos, así como la reconstrucción de la vegetación y el clima existente durante el Pleistoceno Medio y el Pleistoceno Final a través del estudio de fitolitos de los depósitos arqueológicos del abrigo rocoso de Pinnacle Point 5-6 (PP5-6). Para ello realizamos u Realiamos estudios actualísticos de plantas y suelos modernos como base análoga de nuestro estudio. Del estudio de plantas modernos dos son los principales resultados que se obtuvieron: i) a través de secciones delgadas y microscopio electrónico de barrido se caracterizó fitolitos diagnósticos de la familia Restionaceae (restios) en la vaina del parénquima de los tallos y ii) los geófitos no producen morfotipos diagnósticos que pudieran ser utilizados para su identificación taxonómica. Los resultados de los suelos mostraron que la concentración de fitolitos se relaciona principalmente con el tipo de vegetación y las plantan que ellos dominan. Los fitolitos característicos de restios dominan en la vegetación de tipo fynbos. Las células cortas de gramíneas (GSSC) sugieren una mezcla de gramíneas de tipo C3 y C4 en la mayoría de los tipos de vegetación. Las excepciones son la vegetación riparia y de coastal thicket donde gramíneas C4 dominan. El estudio de las muestras de sedimentos arqueológicos de PP5-6 indicó una amplia gama de plantas utilizadas por los habitantes de PP5-6. Identificamos por primera vez la presencia de restios en el registro arqueológico sudafricano a través del estudio de fitolitos. Desde una perspectiva ambiental, los cambios observados en el registro de fitolitos de los depósitos de Pinnacle Point son indicativos de los movimientos de vegetación en consecuencia a los cambios climáticos y las fluctuaciones del nivel del mar, en un mosaico regional continuo de hábitats.
Wilbur, Cricket C. "A History of Place: Using Phytolith Analysis to Discern Holocene Vegetation Change on Sanak Island, Western Gulf of Alaska". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1395927847.
Testo completoHughes, Matthew William. "Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution and Environmental Change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand". Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080214.132530/.
Testo completoCalegari, Márcia Regina. "Ocorrência e significado paleoambiental do Horizonte A húmico em Latossolos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-11032009-093135/.
Testo completoThick humic A horizons (umbric epipedons) may be found in several Brazilian Latosols (well drained Oxisols - Lh). This dark colored horizon (Ah) is frequently more than 1m thick and has a large stock of soil organic matter (SOM) and differ from nearby Latosols without an Ah and on younger surfaces and do not conform with present climate and vegetation. Several hypothesis about their genesis had been raised but without a good pedogenetic understanding. This thesis aims to define environmental variables responsible for their formation. Several pedons were examined through their morphology and landscape position, and their soil materials were studied by geochemistry methods and paleoenviromental evidence by C isotope and phytolith assemblages. First, a bibliographic survey was performed to choose a set of 39 profiles were chosen to be studied on a data set where 11 noted chemical and granulometric attributes and one environmental variable were submitted to multivariate statistic analysis in order to group then according to similarities. Three groups were defined: G1 - Brown and Red Latosols from summit surfaces of the Brazilian Southern uplands (with the highest clay, organic carbon and iron oxide values, but with thinner epipedons than the others groups). G2 - Yellow-Red and Yellow Latosols, predominantly found in summit positions, remnant ancient geomorphic surfaces from the Southeast region and associated with the vegetation adapted to high altitudinal tropical climate. G3 - Red Yellow and Yellow Latosols from the Brazilian Southeastern piedmont upland surfaces and Northeastern coastal tablelands (with the thickest umbric epipedons, loamy to clayey textures, lower carbon contents, and a kaolinitic mineralogy). From this analysis 30 Lh representative pedons were field sampled to be characterized, including total Zr and Ti contents, stable carbon isotopes (13C, 14C) and phytolith analysis, in order to better understand paleo-environmental conditions they were subjected. For the phytolith extraction laboratory procedure were adapted in order to better separate and clean then from oxidic coatings. The SOM isotope data and phytolith assemblages indicated that these Ah were formed under a less dense vegetation than the present one: a probably mixture of C3 and C4 (~-22) plants, with more contribution of the C3 in the Southeast and Northeast regions, a more open (~-16, grassy), vegetation (with contribution of C4 plants) in the middle to medium Holocene indicating the presence of a drier climate in the Southern region. From the Late Holocene a more 13C depleted values (~-25) was observed, suggesting the expansion of the tropical and subtropical forests in this region, probably associate to a humid and warm climate in the Southeast and Northeast regions, and humid and cold in the Southern region. The combination of climate and vegetation late, parent material, and stability relief have played a major role in the geographic and formation of the parent material and pedogenetic horizons of these Lh, and thus they should be considered as polygenetic soils. The humic horizons constitute an important register of Holocene climate change and that they should be considered as relic paleosoils.
Roshan, Paladugu. "Interdisciplinary study of the dental calculus in skeleton remains from the cemetery of Santa Maria do Olival (Tomar, Portugal) 15th to 16th century A.D". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25590.
Testo completoRaúl, Sitoe Sandra. "Environmental history in southern Mozambique : Reconstruction of flooding events, hydroclimate and sea-level dynamics since mid-Holocene". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148465.
Testo completoDenna avhandling behandlar studier av paleomiljöer i södra Mozambique med fokus på översvämningshistorik i Limpopo-flodens nedre lopp. Tidsspannet är mitt- och sen-holocen och inkluderar även klimat och havsnivåvariationer. Följande analysmetoder har applicerats på ett flertal sedimentkärnor för att belysa ovanstående frågeställningar: mineralmagnetiska parameterar, kornstorlek, organiskt kol samt kiselmikrofossil (diatoméeter och fytoliter). Åldrar har bestämts med 14C-metoden. Analyserna visar att mineralmagnetiska parametrar är lämpliga för att identifiera översvämningar, speciellt magnetisk susceptibilitet och SIRM. Dessa parametrar visar på ett sediments magnetiska kornstorlerkar och koncentrationen av finkorniga magnetiska mineral. Även kornstorleksanalyser fungerade som ett bra komplement till dessa metoder. Sammantaget har ett minimum av 16 översvämningar registrerats i Limpopo/flodens nedre lopp under de senaste 1100 åren. Särskilt stora översvämningar har daterats till AD 1250 (700 kal år BP), AD 1370 (580 kal år BP), AD 1580 (370 kal år BP), AD 1855 (95 kal år BP), AD 1920 (30 kal år BP), AD 1970 (20 kal år AP) och AD 2000 (50 kal år AP), där AP betyder ”after present”, vilket är 1950. Mindre kraftiga översvämningar har daterats till AD 940 (1010 kal år BP), AD 980 (970 kal år BP), AD 1040 (910 kal år BP), AD 1100 (850 kal år BP), AD 1300 (650 kal år BP), AD 1665 (285 kal år BP), AD 1730 (220 kal år BP), AD 1755 (195 kal år BP) och AD 1945 (5 kal år BP). Skriftliga källor visar på att åtminstone åtta översvämningar har ägt rum under de senaste 62 åren. Under samma period har denna undersökning registrerat två händelser, vilket indikerar att endast ett fåtal har registrerats med ovan nämnda metoder. Det är sannolikt att sedimentationsmönstret under en översvämning är komplicerat och inte heller likartad från gång till gång. Detta innebär att ett flertal sedimentkärnor behöver analyseras och dateras väl. Ytterligare en försvårande faktor är flodens mycket aktiva meandringsaktivitet. Analys av diatoméer har visats vara värdefulla när det gäller översvämningshistorik, klimatförändringar och havsytevariationer. Sedimenten i den något till flodslättens nedre lopp perifert belägna sjön Lungué indikerar fuktiga förhållanden mellan AD 1360 och 1560 (590 till 390 kal år BP). Kombinerade fytolit- och diatoméanalyser av sedimenten i sjön Chilau indikerar fuktiga förhållanden från AD 1200 till 1400 (750 till 550 kal år BP), varefter torrare förhållanden rådde till ca AD 1600 (350 kal år BP). Diatoméanalys av sedimenten i sjön Nhauhache indikerar generellt sett torrare förhållanden mellan AD 1200 och AD 1700 (750 till 250 kal år BP) då klimatet blev fuktigare. De fuktiga och torra förhållanden som dokumenterats i sjön Lungué och översvämningshistoriken korrelerar inte helt med lokala nederbördsförhållanden. Däremot stämmer erhållna data bättre med förhållanden i den övre delen av Limpopoflodens dräneringsområde. Även sjöar och fyllda meanderbågar på själva flodslätten verkar reagera tydligare på översvämningar orsakade av nederbörd i den övre delen av flodloppet. Undersökningen indikerar två faser av en förhöjd havsyta längs kusten i södra Mozambique. En äldre fas är daterad till ca 5000–4200 f.Kr. (6950–6150 kal år BP), vilken representerar den mellersta delen av det postglaciala värmeoptimet. Denna tolkning stöds även av andra undersökningar. En yngre fas har daterats till AD 300–950 (1650–1000 kal år BP), vilken korresponderar till en period med något förhöjda temperaturer i ett globalt perspektiv.
O presente projecto teve como objectivo a reconstrução do paleoambiente, paleohidrologia e paleoclima da costa Sul de Moçambique, com ênfase na identificação de vestígios de eventos de cheias que tenham, no passado, afectado a planície de inundação do Rio Limpopo, com vista a fazer a extensão das datações de cheias para o período anterior aos instrumentos de medição. Deste modo, foram estudados sedimentos recuperados através de testemunhos de sondagem em lagos dentro da planície de inundação (Lago Magandane, Lago Lungué, Lago Soane e o canal abandonado Coassane). As variações do nível do mar e mudanças climáticas do passado foram deduzidas a partir da análise de sedimentos de áreas costeiras a norte da planície de inundação (Lago Chilau, Lago Nhauhache e a Baía de Macassa). Para o alcance destes objectivos, os sedimentos dos testemunhos de sondagem recuperados foram submetidos a várias análises laboratoriais que incluem propriedades de minerais magnéticos, granulometria, teor de matéria orgânica e de microfósseis (diatomáceas e fitólitos). Para o estabelecimento do modelo cronológico foram usadas datações pelo método 14C feitas em matéria orgânica, assim como conchas de gastrópodes e bivalves. A combinação dos resultados obtidos para os pontos de amostragem localizados dentro da planície de inundação do Rio Limpopo, sugerem que esta área foi afectada por um mínimo de 16 eventos de cheias de variada magnitude nos últimos 1100 anos. As cheias de alta magnitude tiveram lugar nos anos 1250, 1370, 1580, 1855, 1920, 1970 e 2000. Por seu turno, as cheias de magnitude moderada ocorrerram nos anos 940, 980, 1040, 1100, 1300, 1665, 1730, 1755 e 1945.. Os anos a negrito são indicativos de eventos de cheias de alta magnitude. O número total de eventos identificados no presente estudo é um mínimo que poderá ter afectado a planície de inundação, tendo em consideração que fontes escritas reportam a ocorrência de pelo menos oito eventos nos últimos 62 anos, tendo o presente estudo revelado somente dois. Isto indica que apenas eventos de cheias intensos podem ser revelados pelos métodos aplicados nesta investigação. Adicionalmente, este estudo mostra a necessidade de aumentar o número de pontos de amostragem para permitir a identificação de mais eventos de cheias ocorridos no passado, devido à diferenciada resposta sedimentológica e geomagnética às cheias, a qual se encontra directamente relacionada à distância do rio meandrante. As análises de microfósseis de diatomáceas permitiram reconstruir o paleoclima e as influências do nível do mar nas áreas de estudo deste projecto. Os registros de diatomáceas do Lago Lungué indicam um período húmido entre AD 1360 e 1560. No Lago Chilau, dados de diatomáceas e fitólitos sugerem condições de humidade entre AD 1200 e 1400. Por seu turno, no Lago Nhauhache, condições de seca dominam entre AD 1200 e 1700. As condições de seca e humidade documentadas no Lago Lungué e os eventos de cheias revelados pelos sedimentos analisados da planície de inundação do Rio Limpopo não mostram total correlação com períodos de baixa e alta precipitação a nível local, mas apresentam boa correlação com evidências a montante na área de drenagem do Rio Limpopo. Em geral, lagos activos ou preenchidos por sedimentos mostrarão ser mais susceptíveis a cheias com origem a montante do que a nível local. As investigações conduzidas permitiram identificar dois períodos de alto nível do mar na região sul de Moçambique. A fase mais antiga teve lugar há cerca de 5000–4200 BC (6950–6150 anos do calendário BP), representando a fase mais recente do pós-glaciar climático óptimo (postglacial climatic optimum, PCA). A fase recente é datada de AD 300–950 (1650–1000 anos do calendário BP), correspondendo a um período de temperaturas relativamente altas a nível global.
Climate and Environmental Research
Hughes, Matthew W. "Late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand". Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/305.
Testo completoWeisskopf, A. R. "Vegetation, agriculture and social change in late Neolithic China : a phytolith study". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20313/.
Testo completoChabot, Yohan. "Approche géomorphologique de la vallée de Deli et étude géoarchéologique du site historique de Kota Cina (Sumatra Nord, Indonésie)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H058/document.
Testo completoPaleoenvironment reconstructions and geomorphological dynamics understanding are increasingly being considered with regards to archaeological research. However, in Indonesia, this approach remains unusual. The present study of Kota Cina site (North Sumatra, Indonesia) is a pioneering work that aims to understand environmental changes dynamics at the human/nature interface for the purpose of paleogeographic reconstruction. Kota Cina is an ancient trade harbour of the Strait of Malacca. It was active between the XIth and the XIVth centuries AD. Nowadays, the site is located at 7 km from the coast. In order to examine the implication of natural and anthropogenic factors in the landscape changes of the region, investigations were carried out at Kota Cina and the Deli Valley. Two approaches were developed: (1) a geomorphological approach to reconstitute the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of Kota Cina site and its valley; (2) a biogeographical approach to reconstruct the vegetation changes at Kota Cina from a phytolith analysis of the site deposits. This work highlights important paleoenvironment changes as response to unique forcings. The pre-Holocene volcanism of the region generated a major filling of the valley by its detritism. The Holocene hydro-sedimentary response has altered the geomorphology of the region through a strong incision and significant sediment transfer. Finally, during the historical period, new landscape changes took place with the environment anthropisation, especially from the XIXth century with the development of colonial plantations
Zhao, Zhijun. "Rice domestication in the middle Yangtze Region, China : an application of phytolith analysis /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823337.
Testo completoCorteletti, Rafael. "Projeto arqueológico Alto Canoas - Paraca: um estudo da presença Jê no planalto Catarinense". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-19042013-093054/.
Testo completoIn this thesis I will present new data on Southern Jêsettlement patterns, and my interpretations regarding the history of these people, based on my case study, from the Upper Canoas River, Urubici region, in Santa Catarina state, Brazil. On the highland plateau, the High Altitude Grasslands (or Campos) and the Paraná Pine Forest dominate the landscape. In the Urubici hills, various headwaters begin in wetland areas, with shallow and rocky soils, on Campos, around 1800m altitude. These waters flow through incised valleys forested by Paraná Pine and create waterfalls and rapids, which eventually turn into the meandering Canoas River that flows in the middle of a wide and flat valley, around 1000m above sea level. The mountainous Urubici region was intensively researched in the 60\'s, but after that, research wasstagnated. The main points of this project were: First, I reviewed and updated previous research, which involved relocating the sites mapped in the 60\'s, assigning them geographical coordinates, photos and maps, and improving environmental descriptions. Second, I carried out an inspection of previously recorded sites and carried out opportunistic survey, based on interviews with members of the local community, looking for new sites, and making a new archaeological map of the region. Third, based on this information and my new excavations at targeted sites, I aimed to think about the Southern Jê landscapes, with a view to understanding the long-term history and the settlement pattern of the Taquara-Itararé archaeological tradition. Fourth, starch grain and phytoliths analysis from charred food remains founded in pottery, collected at Bonin site excavation, achieved important new data for new interpretive ways on Taquara-Itararé archaeology, bringing to us food production evidences of Zea mays, Cucurbitasp., Manihotsp., and food consumption of Phaseolussp.,Dioscoreasp. and others, what is a key to think another kind of social organization, mobility and economy for southern proto-Jê people. Fifth, in a way to think the \"southern Jê landscape stratigraphy\" aGIS database were used like a tool to create virtual models of, for example, cumulative viewshed analysis and least coast pathway analysis.
Guntzer, Flore. "Impact de la culture intensive de céréales sur les stocks de silice biodisponible dans les sols européens". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30064.
Testo completoSilicon is found in the same proportions as most macronutrients in plants and is known to be beneficial for their growth. Although silicon is one of the main constituents of soil, most of the forms under which it is found are not available for plants. In natural ecosystems, phytoliths (amorphous silica particle recycled by plants) are one of the main sources of silicon for plants as their dissolution cinetic is way faster than that of other silicate minerals at pH > 4. However in cultuvated soils where the crops are exported, phytoliths do not come back to the soil. We studied soils cultivated with cereals to asses the impact of the exportation of crops on the amorphous silica stock. All studied soils were poor in amorphous silica. We also studied the effect of different Si fertilization. Restoration of straw to the soil, even for a short period of time, has a real impact on the stock of amorphous silica. This means the restitution of straw could be a simple remediation for the decrease of the bioavailable silica stock of cultivated soils
Walshaw, Sarah Catherine. "Reconstruction of environment in early Bronze Age Syria through phytolith analysis on human dental calculus". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ46995.pdf.
Testo completoRyan, P. L. "Diversity of plant and land use during the Near Eastern Neolithic : phytolith perspectives from Çatalhöyük". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/645476/.
Testo completoGarcía-Granero, Fos Juan José. "From gathering to farming in semi-arid Northern Gujarat (India): a multi-proxy approach". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/351960.
Testo completoAquesta tesi s’ha dut a terme en el marc del projecte NoGAP (North Gujarat Archaeological Project), un acord de col·laboració entre el grup de recerca CaSEs (Complexity and Socio-Ecological Dynamics) del Departament d’Arqueologia i Antropologia de la Institució Milà i Fontanals del Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (IMF-CISC, Barcelona), i el Departament d’Arqueologia i Història Antiga de la Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSUB, Vadodara, Índia). Les mostres arqueològiques analitzades com a part d’aquesta tesi doctoral provenen de tres excavacions desenvolupades dins el marc del projecte NoGAP (Loteswar al 2009, Datrana IV al 2010 i Vaharvo Timbo al 2011), i una excavació del Departament d’Arqueologia i Història Antiga de la MSUB (Shikarpur al 2012). El treball de laboratori es dugué a terme majoritàriament al laboratori BioGeoPal de la IMF-CSIC. Aquesta tesi es presenta com a compendi de sis articles publicats a revistes de reconegut prestigi internacional. Alguns dels articles són metodològics i d’altres es centren en un cas d’estudi, però tots tenen una mateixa finalitat: entendre el paper dels recursos vegetals en la subsistència de les poblacions que ocuparen el Gujarat del Nord durant l’holocè. Dos d’aquests articles versen sobre la identificació de mills petits (el principal cultiu al Gujarat del nord durant la prehistòria) al registre arqueològic mitjançant l’estudi de col·leccions de referència de plantes modernes, i estan publicats a Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (Madella et al. 2013) i Vegetation History and Archaeobotany (García-Granero et al. enviat per publicació a). Els altres quatre articles discuteixen els resultats de l’anàlisi de les restes arqueobotàniques dels quatre jaciments mencionats, i estan publicats a Vegetation History and Archaeobotany (García-Granero et al. 2015), Current Anthropology (García-Granero et al. en premsa), Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (García-Granero et al. enviat per publicació b) i de nou Vegetation History and Archaeobotany (García-Granero et al. enviat per publicació c). Aquesta tesi està organitzada en dues parts principals: la Introducció (Capítols 1-4) i la Discussió (Capítols 5-7). La Introducció inclou la Presentació de la tesi (Capítol 1), les Preguntes de la Recerca (Capítol 2), el Marc de la Recerca (Capítol 3) i els Materials i Mètodes emprats (Capítol 4); mentre que la Discussió inclou els Resultats Principals (Capítol 5), la Discussió d’aquests resultats (Capítol 6) i les Conclusions (Capítol 7). Els sis articles que formen part d’aquesta tesi es presenten a continuació, ja sigui en format final (articles publicats) o adaptats a l’estil de la resta de la tesi (articles encara en procés de revisió/publicació). Finalment, s’inclouen una sèrie d’apèndixs amb les dades en brut de les anàlisis arqueobotàniques
Crespin, Julien. "Analyse de la composition isotopique en oxygène ([delta][18]O) des phytolithes de bois et des diatomées lacustres pour la mise au point de nouveaux traceurs paléoclimatiques continentaux". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30065.
Testo completoIn order to compensate for the scarcity of quantitative terrestrial paleoclimate proxies, this PhD thesis aim to define new thermo-dependant relationships between [delta][18]O"biogenic silica" and [delta][18]O"forming water". The IR Laser-Fluorination technique for extracting oxygen was successfully used for analyzing [delta][18]O composition of small to minute samples of biogenic silica. For the first time a thermo-dependant relationship between [delta][18]O"wood phytoliths" and [delta][18]O"rainfall" is evidenced, for phytolith assemblages from rainforests (Queensland, Australia). The thermo-dependant relationships between [delta][18]O"lake diatoms" and [delta][18]O"lake water" obtained from the lake ofAnnecy (France) supports the previous calibration obtained for lacustrine diatoms. These relationships will be used as references for interpreting [delta][18]O"phyitoliths" (e. G. From the Australo-Pacific area) and S^Odiaioms (from lakes) quaternary records
Albert, Cristóbal Rosa Maria. "Study of ash layers through phytolith analyses from the Middle Paleolithic levels of Kebara and Tabun caves". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2606.
Testo completoOne of the most interesting remains preserved in these caves is the ashy features or hearths. They are usually abundant and often visually well preserved. Ash accumulations are sometimes meters thick. Their presence has made it possible to use and develop new techniques in order to obtain more information about the fire related activities carried out in the cave, the functionality of these hearths and their significance in the social life of past cultures.
One of the techniques used for the study of hearths involves the analysis of phytoliths. Phytolith analyses in prehistoric hearths can be used for a variety of purposes. These include the identification of ash remains, even in locations where they are not visible to the naked eye due to diagenetic alteration; the identification, in a specific hearth, of the use of wood/bark as opposed to other types of vegetation such as grasses, and the identification of different species of trees and/or other plants used as fuel in a specific hearth. It is also conceivable that the latter two sources of information could provide indications of possible uses of fire (cooking, warmth, technical purposes, etc.) based on the different fuels used.
An interpretation of the phytolith data from an ashy feature or hearth needs to be based both, on the morphological characteristics and the quantitative analyses of the phytoliths. This provides information on the absolute number of phytoliths produced by the trees and other plant taxa present in the area, and on the number of phytoliths per unit weight of sediment. This in tum may indicate, for example, the extent of mixing of ash with other soils, the relative proportions of say wood ash and grasses in a hearth, or the use of fruits from trees or other parts of the trees.
This study focuses on the ash layers frorn two prehistoric caves in Israel, Tabun and Kebara, both located on Mount Carmel, Israel (Figure 1). Tabun was occupied during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic periods and Kebara was occupied during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods. Both caves have visible hearths, with those in Kebara being particularly impressive.
Alternative modes of occupation of Tabun Cave during the deposition of the Mousterian Levels B and C, have been proposed. Garrod & Bate (1937) interpreted the archaeological record of both levels as being indicative of domestic occupationaI activities. Jelinek et al. (1973) proposed that the presence of articulated limb bones of "Dama mesopotamica" in the Level B sediments below the cave chimney, indicated that the cave was used as a natural game trap. They also noted that the white ash layers in Level C extended across the whole cave, and proposed that this was due to the burning of natural vegetation in the cave. The study carried out in Tabun cave aims at clarifying the modes of occupation during these periods.
Level B sediments closely resembles the terra rossa soil, that is common in this region. Burning activity is inferred from charcoal fragments observed in thin sections. A minor wood ash component is present based on the preponderance of phytoliths with a variable, irregular morphology, produced mostly in wood and bark as compared to those with a consistent or characteristic morphology, as well as phytoliths with shapes characteristics of those formed in wood and bark of local trees. Thus fires were produced in the cave during this period. The cave may also have been used as a game trap.
Level C is composed of multiple layers of brown, black and white sediments. Micromorphology, mineralogy and phytolith analyses all show that these layers are mixtures of terra rossa soil and ash, with the latter being abundant in the white layers. The phytoliths in these layers are derived almost entirely from wood and bark, and not from grasses. These observations are consistent with a domestic occupational mode.
Kebara cave is a well studied archaeological site. It contains abundant visible hearths and ash-derived minerals that are the major component of the Mousterian sediments. The latter are in varying states of preservation. Furthermore, archeobotanic information is available from charred remains. Kebara cave is thus an ideal location to study the potential of phytoliths to provide information on the mode of fire used in the cave, to assess the input of other plant materials, as well as to determine the effects of diagenesis on phytolith preservation.
Sixteen samples were analyzed in terms of their mineralogy, phytolith contents per unit weight of acid insoluble fraction, and phytolith morphologies. In general the preservation of the phytoliths is good, except for the two samples in which the mineral component at present is largely ash-derived calcite. The cave sediments contain about ten times more phytoliths than those present in the four samples analyzed from outside the cave. The major source of plant material input into the cave is clearly from the wood and bark used for the fuel for fires. The grass phytoliths present in the samples are also thought to have been brought into the cave mainly associated with the wood/bark fuel. Sediments from the hearths, as well as those between the hearths, contain abundant wood/bark phytoliths. The two samples of the latter contain also appreciable amounts of phytoliths not known to be present in wood and bark, as do other hearth-derived samples. Plant materials other than those used as fuel, were thus also brought into the cave.
The study about Kebara cave shows that phytoliths analysis, in conjunction with detailed mineralogical, stratigraphic, archaeobotanic and field information, can provide a more complete understanding of the use of plant materials in prehistoric caves for both fuel and other purposes.
McCune, Jenny Lyn. "The long-term history of plant communities on southeastern Vancouver Island based on vegetation resurveys and phytolith analysis". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45618.
Testo completoLevin, Maureece. "Food Production, Environment, and Culture in the Tropical Pacific: Evidence for Prehistoric and Historic Plant Cultivation in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19669.
Testo completoShillito, Lisa Marie. "Investigating traces of activities, diet and seasonality in middens at Neolithic catalhoyuk : An integration of microstratigraphic, phytolith and chemical analyses". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529968.
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