Articoli di riviste: "Phytocytokine"

1

Luo, Li. "Plant cytokine or phytocytokine". Plant Signaling & Behavior 7, n. 12 (dicembre 2012): 1513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.22425.

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Wang, Pingyu, Ting Wu, Yulin Cheng, Ying Gao, Baowen Huang e Zhengguo Li. "The phytocytokine systemin enhances postharvest tomato fruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea". Postharvest Biology and Technology 210 (aprile 2024): 112738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112738.

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Pastor-Fernández, Julia, Paloma Sánchez-Bel, Víctor Flors, Miguel Cerezo e Victoria Pastor. "Small Signals Lead to Big Changes: The Potential of Peptide-Induced Resistance in Plants". Journal of Fungi 9, n. 2 (16 febbraio 2023): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020265.

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Abstract (sommario):

The plant immunity system is being revisited more and more and new elements and roles are attributed to participating in the response to biotic stress. The new terminology is also applied in an attempt to identify different players in the whole scenario of immunity: Phytocytokines are one of those elements that are gaining more attention due to the characteristics of processing and perception, showing they are part of a big family of compounds that can amplify the immune response. This review aims to highlight the latest findings on the role of phytocytokines in the whole immune response to biotic stress, including basal and adaptive immunity, and expose the complexity of their action in plant perception and signaling events.

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Rzemieniewski, Jakub, e Martin Stegmann. "Regulation of pattern-triggered immunity and growth by phytocytokines". Current Opinion in Plant Biology 68 (agosto 2022): 102230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102230.

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Tanaka, Kiwamu, e Martin Heil. "Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) in Plant Innate Immunity: Applying the Danger Model and Evolutionary Perspectives". Annual Review of Phytopathology 59, n. 1 (25 agosto 2021): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100146.

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Danger signals trigger immune responses upon perception by a complex surveillance system. Such signals can originate from the infectious nonself or the damaged self, the latter termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we apply Matzinger's danger model to plant innate immunity to discuss the adaptive advantages of DAMPs and their integration into preexisting signaling pathways. Constitutive DAMPs (cDAMPs), e.g., extracellular ATP, histones, and self-DNA, fulfill primary, conserved functions and adopt a signaling role only when cellular damage causes their fragmentation or localization to aberrant compartments. By contrast, immunomodulatory peptides (also known as phytocytokines) exclusively function as signals and, upon damage, are activated as inducible DAMPs (iDAMPs). Dynamic coevolutionary processes between the signals and their emerging receptors and shared co-receptors have likely linked danger recognition to preexisting, conserved downstream pathways.

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Hou, Shuguo, Derui Liu e Ping He. "Phytocytokines function as immunological modulators of plant immunity". Stress Biology 1, n. 1 (15 settembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44154-021-00009-y.

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AbstractPlant plasma membrane-resident immune receptors regulate plant immunity by recognizing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and phytocytokines. Phytocytokines are plant endogenous peptides, which are usually produced in the cytosol and released into the apoplast when plant encounters pathogen infections. Phytocytokines regulate plant immunity through activating an overlapping signaling pathway with MAMPs/DAMPs with some unique features. Here, we highlight the current understanding of phytocytokine production, perception and functions in plant immunity, and discuss how plants and pathogens manipulate phytocytokine signaling for their own benefits during the plant-pathogen warfare.

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Koenig, Maurice, Daniel Moser, Julian Leusner, Jasper Depotter, Gunther Doehlemann e Johana C. Misas Villamil. "Maize phytocytokines modulate pro-survival host responses and pathogen resistance". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 27 aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-23-0005-r.

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Phytocytokines are signalling peptides that alarm plant cells of danger. However, the downstream responses triggered by phytocytokines and their effect on plant survival are still largely unknown. Here, we have identified three biologically active maize orthologues of phytocytokines previously described in other plants. The maize phytocytokines show common features with microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), including the induction of immune-related genes and activation of papain-like cysteine proteases. In contrast to MAMPs, phytocytokines do not promote cell death in the presence of wounding. In infection assays with two fungal pathogens we found that phytocytokines affect the development of disease symptoms, likely due to the activation of phytohormonal pathways. Collectively, our results show that phytocytokines and MAMPs trigger unique and antagonistic features of immunity. We propose a model in which phytocytokines activate immune responses partially similar to MAMPs but in contrast to microbial signals, they act as danger and survival molecules to the surrounding cells. Future studies will focus on the components determining the divergence of signalling outputs upon phytocytokine activation.

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Liu, Xu-Dong, Md Mahadi Hasan e Xiang-Wen Fang. "Phytocytokine SCREWs increase plant immunity through actively reopening stomata". Journal of Plant Physiology, ottobre 2022, 153832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153832.

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Liu, Zunyong, Shuguo Hou, Olivier Rodrigues, Ping Wang, Dexian Luo, Shintaro Munemasa, Jiaxin Lei et al. "Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss". Nature, 4 maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04684-3.

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Wang, Pingyu, Huimin Jia, Ting Guo, Yuanyuan Zhang, Wanqing Wang, Hideki Nishimura, Zhengguo Li e Yoji Kawano. "The secreted peptide IRP1 functions as a phytocytokine in rice immunity". Journal of Experimental Botany, 16 novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac455.

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Abstract Small signaling peptides play important roles in various plant processes, but information regarding their involvement in plant immunity is limited. We previously identified a novel small secreted protein in rice, named immune response peptide 1 (IRP1). Here, we studied IRP1 functions in rice immunity. Rice plants overexpressing IRP1 enhanced resistance to the virulent rice blast fungus. Application of IRP1 peptide to rice suspension cells triggered the expression of IRP1 itself and the defense gene PAL1. RNA-seq results revealed that 84% of genes upregulated by IRP1 peptide were also induced by a microbe-associated molecular pattern(MAMP) chitin, including 13 OsWRKY transcription factors, indicating that IRP1 and chitin share a similar signaling pathway. Co-treatment with chitin and IRP1 elevated the expression level of PAL1 and OsWRKYs in an additive manner. The increased chitin concentration arrested the induction of IRP1 and PAL1 expressions by IRP1, but cannot affect IRP1-triggered MAPK activation. Collectively, our findings indicate that IRP1 functions as a phytocyokine in rice immunity regulating MAPKs and OsWRKYs that could amplify chitin and other signaling pathways, and provide new insights into how MAMPs and phytocyokines cooperatively regulate rice immunity.

11

Yu, Xiao, Yingpeng Xie, Dexian Luo, Hai Liu, Marcos V. V. de Oliveira, Peipei Qi, Sung-Il Kim et al. "A phospho-switch constrains BTL2-mediated phytocytokine signaling in plant immunity". Cell, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.027.

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12

Fallahzadeh-Mamaghami, Vahid, Hannah Weber e Birgit Kemmerling. "BAK-up: the receptor kinase BAK-TO-LIFE 2 enhances immunity when BAK1 is lacking". Stress Biology 3, n. 1 (25 settembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44154-023-00124-y.

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AbstractBRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1/SERK3) and its closest homolog BAK1-LIKE 1 (BKK1/SERK4) are leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) belonging to the SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) family. They act as co-receptors of various other LRR-RKs and participate in multiple signaling events by complexing and transphosphorylating ligand-binding receptors. Initially identified as the brassinosteroid receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) co-receptor, BAK1 also functions in plant immunity by interacting with pattern recognition receptors. Mutations in BAK1 and BKK1 cause severely stunted growth and cell death, characterized as autoimmune cell death. Several factors play a role in this type of cell death, including RKs and components of effector-triggered immunity (ETI) signaling pathways, glycosylation factors, ER quality control components, nuclear trafficking components, ion channels, and Nod-like receptors (NLRs). The Shan lab has recently discovered a novel RK BAK-TO-LIFE 2 (BTL2) that interacts with BAK1 and triggers cell death in the absence of BAK1 and BKK1. This RK compensates for the loss of BAK1-mediated pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) by activating phytocytokine-mediated immune and cell death responses.

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Pastor, Victoria, Raquel Cervero e Jordi Gamir. "The simultaneous perception of self- and non-self-danger signals potentiates plant innate immunity responses". Planta 256, n. 1 (13 giugno 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03918-y.

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Abstract Main conclusion The simultaneous perception of endogenous and exogenous danger signals potentiates PAMP-triggered immunity in tomato and other downstream defence responses depending on the origin of the signal. Abstract Plant cells perceive a pathogen invasion by recognising endogenous or exogenous extracellular signals such as Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) or Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). In particular, DAMPs are intracellular molecules or cell wall fragments passive or actively released to the apoplast, whose extracellular recognition by intact cells triggers specific immune signalling, the so-called DAMP-triggered immunity. The extracellular recognition of DAMPs and PAMPs leads to a very similar intracellular signalling, and this similarity has generated a biological need to know why plants perceive molecules with such different origins and with overlapped innate immunity responses. Here, we report that the simultaneous perception of DAMPs and a PAMP strengthens early and late plant defence responses. To this aim, we studied classical PTI responses such as the generation of ROS and MAPK phosphorylation, but we also monitored the biosynthesis of phytocytokines and performed a non-targeted metabolomic analysis. We demonstrate that co-application of the bacterial peptide flagellin with the DAMPs cyclic AMP or cellobiose amplifies PAMP-triggered immunity responses. Both co-applications enhanced the synthesis of phytocytokines, but only simultaneous treatments with cAMP strengthened the flagellin-dependent metabolomic responses. In addition, cAMP and cellobiose treatments induced resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Overall, these results indicate that the complex mixture of DAMPs and PAMPs carries specific information that potentiates plant defence responses. However, downstream responses seem more specific depending on the composition of the mixture.

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Rhodes, Jack, Huanjie Yang, Steven Moussu, Freddy Boutrot, Julia Santiago e Cyril Zipfel. "Perception of a divergent family of phytocytokines by the Arabidopsis receptor kinase MIK2". Nature Communications 12, n. 1 (29 gennaio 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-20932-y.

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AbstractPlant genomes encode hundreds of receptor kinases and peptides, but the number of known plant receptor-ligand pairs is limited. We report that the Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase LRR-RK MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is the receptor for the SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE (SCOOP) phytocytokines. MIK2 is necessary and sufficient for immune responses triggered by multiple SCOOP peptides, suggesting that MIK2 is the receptor for this divergent family of peptides. Accordingly, the SCOOP12 peptide directly binds MIK2 and triggers complex formation between MIK2 and the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1) co-receptor. MIK2 is required for resistance to the important root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, we reveal that Fusarium proteomes encode SCOOP-like sequences, and corresponding synthetic peptides induce MIK2-dependent immune responses. These results suggest that MIK2 may recognise Fusarium-derived SCOOP-like sequences to induce immunity against Fusarium. The definition of SCOOPs as MIK2 ligands will help to unravel the multiple roles played by MIK2 during plant growth, development and stress responses.

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Hou, Shuguo, Derui Liu, Shijia Huang, Dexian Luo, Zunyong Liu, Qingyuan Xiang, Ping Wang et al. "The Arabidopsis MIK2 receptor elicits immunity by sensing a conserved signature from phytocytokines and microbes". Nature Communications 12, n. 1 (17 settembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25580-w.

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AbstractSessile plants encode a large number of small peptides and cell surface-resident receptor kinases, most of which have unknown functions. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) recognizes the conserved signature motif of SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) from Brassicaceae plants as well as proteins present in fungal Fusarium spp. and bacterial Comamonadaceae, and elicits various immune responses. SCOOP signature peptides trigger immune responses and altered root development in a MIK2-dependent manner with a sub-nanomolar sensitivity. SCOOP12 directly binds to the extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain of MIK2 in vivo and in vitro, indicating that MIK2 is the receptor of SCOOP peptides. Perception of SCOOP peptides induces the association of MIK2 and the coreceptors SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 3 (SERK3) and SERK4 and relays the signaling through the cytosolic receptor-like kinases BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and AVRPPHB SUSCEPTIBLE1 (PBS1)-LIKE 1 (PBL1). Our study identifies a plant receptor that bears a dual role in sensing the conserved peptide motif from phytocytokines and microbial proteins via a convergent signaling relay to ensure a robust immune response.

16

Stahl, Elia, Angel Fernandez Martin, Gaétan Glauser, Marie-Charlotte Guillou, Sébastien Aubourg, Jean-Pierre Renou e Philippe Reymond. "The MIK2/SCOOP Signaling System Contributes to Arabidopsis Resistance Against Herbivory by Modulating Jasmonate and Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis". Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (23 marzo 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.852808.

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Initiation of plant immune signaling requires recognition of conserved molecular patterns from microbes and herbivores by plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, plants produce and secrete numerous small peptide hormones, termed phytocytokines, which act as secondary danger signals to modulate immunity. In Arabidopsis, the Brassicae-specific SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE (SCOOP) family consists of 14 members that are perceived by the leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2). Recognition of SCOOP peptides elicits generic early signaling responses but knowledge on how and if SCOOPs modulate specific downstream immune defenses is limited. We report here that depletion of MIK2 or the single PROSCOOP12 precursor results in decreased Arabidopsis resistance against the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis but not the specialist Pieris brassicae. Increased performance of S. littoralis on mik2-1 and proscoop12 is accompanied by a diminished accumulation of jasmonic acid, jasmonate-isoleucine and indolic glucosinolates. Additionally, we show transcriptional activation of the PROSCOOP gene family in response to insect herbivory. Our data therefore indicate that perception of endogenous SCOOP peptides by MIK2 modulates the jasmonate pathway and thereby contributes to enhanced defense against a generalist herbivore.

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Magrone, Thea, Manrico Magrone, Matteo Antonio Russo e Emilio Jirillo. "Taking Advantage of Plant Defense Mechanisms to Promote Human Health. The Plant Immune System. First of Two Parts". Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20 (31 agosto 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320999200831224302.

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Background: Despite the evidence that plants do not possess sessile cells, they are able to mount a vigorous immune response against invaders or under stressful conditions. Mechanisms of action: Plants are endowed with pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) which perceive damage-associated molecular patterns and microbe-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), respectively. PPR activation leads to either the initiation of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) (early response) or the effectortriggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI contribute to plant systemic acquired resistance as also an expression of immunological memory or trained immunity. Plant immune receptors: PTI is initiated by activation of both receptor-like kinases and receptor-like proteins, while ETI depends on nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat protein receptors for microbe recognition. Peptides involved in plant defenses: Plant chloroplasts contribute to both PTI and ETI through production of peptides which act as hormones or phytocytokines. Salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene are the major compounds involved in plant defense. Specific aims: The interaction between plant receptors and/or their products and bacterial components will be discussed. Also emphasis will be placed on plant microbiome for its contribution to plant immune response. Finally, the mutual interplay between insects and plants will also be illustrated. Conclusion: A better knowledge on plant immunity may pave the way for the exploitation of plant derivatives in the field of agriculture and medicine, as well.

Articoli di riviste sul tema "Phytocytokine"

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