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1
Reingold, Nathan. "On Not Doing the Papers of Great Scientists." British Journal for the History of Science 20, no. 1 (1987): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400000479.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two analogies are at the foundation of editions of writings of scientists, technologists and physicians. Both are exemplified in the collection of ‘works’, texts of printed finished versions of contributions. The literary analogy is that of authorship, of the creation of a significant assemblage of words and other symbols. Assemblages of monographs and articles of a scientist are functionally no different than comparable arrays of the writings of theologians, philosophers, poets, novelists and historians.
2
Flaherty, Gloria. "Empathy and Distance: Romantic Theories of Acting Reconsidered." Theatre Research International 15, no. 2 (1990): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300009226.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Works dealing with the actor proliferated during the early decades of German Romanticism. Actors had come to be viewed as role models whose very costumes, hairstyles, and mannerisms often influenced prevailing fashions or, at least, gave them specific labels from particular plays. Popular interest in everything having to do with people of the theatre was seconded by contemporary poets, playwrights, painters, philosophers, professors, and physicians. While some of their writings concentrated on historical and philosophical concerns, others investigated anthropological and psychiatric as well as medical ones. And contemporary actors themselves contributed publications about the ways, means, and consequences of playing roles in public.
3
Adler, Shoshana. "Spoiled History: Leprosy and the Lessons of Queer Medieval Historiography." boundary 2 50, no. 3 (2023): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-10472443.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract White supremacists fetishize the crusading knight; queer theorists claim an identification with the generative secret of the premodern sodomite. This essay attends to the epistemological circuits of transhistorical identification, examining the claims of recursive history and the theories of attachment betrayed by identification with the medieval past. Turning away from the solicitations of the crusader and the sodomite, the essay excavates histories of emotional attachment to the leper, a medieval figure whose status as abject incarnation of historical distance helps reconfigure transhistoric emotional identification. In medieval texts, the leper's ruined face scripts styles of recognition. In the medical writings of nineteenth-century imperial physicians, the medieval leper is used in negotiating fears of disease outbreaks in various colonies. The leper therefore comes to assume the status of reassuring historical distance as a result of imperial ideological needs. Attention to the circuits of desire that animate claims to the past on the basis of identification and personal attachment can account for the attraction the Middle Ages exerts on both medievalists and white supremacists.
4
Zibaev, Anton, and Valentina Zhukova. "Forms of Plague in Procopius of Caesarea (Procop. De bellis. IV.14) and Evagrius Scholasticus (Evagrius. Hist. ecc. IV.29): On the Development of Clinical Medicine in the Eastern Roman Empire in the Fourth Century." Hypothekai 6 (2022): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2022-6-6-158-186.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the forms of plague through the eyes of the contemporaries of the first pandemic known in historiography as "Justinian’s Plague". The Latin authors of the 6th-8th centuries did not provide detailed descriptions of the previously unknown disease and limited themselves to brief mentions of the pestilence outbreaks in various areas of the Mediterranean. Following the laws of the genre of chronicle narrative (chronicles), they could only state the fact of the spread of a major epidemic in the known world, refraining from emotional remarks. The Greek writings of the 6th century contain more detailed descriptions of the plague symptoms, which allows us to largely restore the course of the disease as it was seen by late antique physicians. Procopius of Caesarea and Evagrius Scholasticus’s reports are based on the description of external symptoms, followed by the identification of key terms that describe patients’ general condition. The first cycle of the pandemic (mid 6th century) was distinguished by early attempts to study the plague in the texts. They were accompanied by intricate and often contradictory speculations of contemporaries, with the subsequent identification of three forms of plague in the patients in Constantinople and the eastern provinces. 50 years later (in the third cycle), the Greek authors already distinguished five forms of the disease with a strict definition of the accompanying symptoms and the absence of panic, which had been noticeable in the previous period. The analysis of narrative sources allows us to conclude that late antique and early medieval authors did not know the pneumonic form of plague, in contrast to the Black Death era. For comparison, in the XIV century. Byzantine authors referred to the symptoms of the Black Death in similar terms, and used the same literary devices to describe the devastation of Constantinople and Greece. For the first time, the pulmonary form is singled out separately only in the 14th century: in the “Histories” of John Kantakuzen, in the letters of Demetrius Cydonis and Nicephorus Grigora. Thus, the conclusion is made about the gradual accumulation of general knowledge about the clinical picture of Justinian’s Plague among late antique physicians, whose works prominent representatives of Greek and Latin historiography of the 6th-8th centuries relied on.
5
Courteau, Catherine, and Laurence Laneuville. "Reading Patients: Our Story of Narrative Medicine." International Journal of Whole Person Care 7, no. 1 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/ijwpc.v7i1.232.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As Dr. Rita Charon, pioneer of the field of narrative medicine, said “Literary accounts of illness can teach physicians concrete and powerful lessons about the lives of sick people” but also “enable physicians to recognize the power and implications of what they do” (Charon et al, 1995).Through various narrative medicine exercises, we have explored the benefits of narrative medicine for health care professionals. More specifically, we have created a reading club for medical students and developed a reading module as part of the Physician Apprenticeship Course for medical students at McGill University. Moreover, we led short writing workshops based on prompts from short stories and poems for health care professionals at Anna-Laberge Hospital.During our workshop, we will briefly review our narrative medicine initiatives and then dive into a narrative medicine exercise with the group to demonstrate its potential benefits among health care professionals. We hope that by providing concrete examples of narrative medicine projects we have developed and implemented, we will facilitate the integration of narrative medicine into participants’ own practices.
6
Więckiewicz, Agnieszka. "Między wyobraźnią romantyczną a literacką moderną. Georg Groddeck w lustrze psychoanalizy." Schulz/Forum, no. 13 (October 28, 2019): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2019.13.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the present paper is to introduce the theory of a German physician and so-called “wild psychoanalyst” Georg Groddeck. During World War I, after contacting Sigmund Freud, Groddeck has started to develop his own psychoanalytic theory in his scientific as well as literary writings. In 1923 he published a novel entitled The Book of the It (Das Buch vom Es), in which he discussed and reinterpreted Freud’s theory. By introducing the category of the “It” (das Es), Groddeck aimed to elaborate on Freud’s concept of the unconscious, which he considered too restricted and reduced to what the Viennese psychoanalyst defined as the conscious and the preconscious. The author points out to the importance of the discussion between Freud and Groddeck, which began as early as in 1917 in their letters. The publication of The Book of the It coincide with Freud’s treatise The Ego and the Id (Das Ich und das Es) written the same year. The author analyzes the similarities as well as the differences between Freud’s and Groddeck’s concepts of the It (das Es). Groddeck’s theory is presented in the light of German philosophical and literary tradition. The paper addresses the problem of Groddeck modernist writing strategies, such as combining psychoanalysis with literature and with different life-writing genres which are seen as his way to create a new language in the scientific discourse of his time. The author emphasizes the importance of two main categories in Groddeck’s writings, which have animated his entire theory. One is imagination, deeply rooted in romanticism, the other is self-analysis related to the modernist understanding of autobiography. While imagination represents Groddeck’s general doubt in the objectivity of science, especially in a linear progress in medicine, self-analysis is linked to his conviction that every discourse – not only literary, but also philosophical or psychoanalytic, has an autobiographical, hence also intimate dimension.
7
Graham, S. Scott. "The Opioid Epidemic and the Pursuit of Moral Medicine: A Computational-Rhetorical Analysis." Written Communication 38, no. 1 (2020): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088320944918.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article offers a longitudinal computational-rhetorical analysis of biomedical writing on opioids. Using a corpus of 1,467 articles and essays published in the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association between 1959 and May 2019, this study evaluates diachronic shifts in (a) the framing of opioid pharmacology, (b) the relative attention paid to pain management versus opioid dependence risks, and (c) the distribution of statements related to physicians’ primary ethical obligations. The results of these analyses largely disconfirm different current accounts of shifting physician rhetoric around opioids and pain management leading up to the recognition opioid epidemic. Most notably, the results also suggest that biomedical debates surrounding opioids are serving as proxy arguments for shifting primary bioethical obligations from individual patients to public health.
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BRAY, JULIA. "Literary Approaches to Medieval and Early Modern Arabic Biography." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20, no. 3 (2010): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186310000015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractArabic biographical writing is much used as a historical source, and scholars agree that its textuality must be taken into account in evaluating its content. There is less agreement, though, on the importance of thoroughly understanding the range of processes of literary composition used by biographers. This article approaches three sets of biographies from a purely literary viewpoint: two medieval sketches of women, a Sufi and a songstress respectively; three seventeenth-century hagiographies of the physician and theosopher Dāwud al-Anṭākī; and a thirteenth-century portrait of one man of letters, al-Qifṭī, by another, Yāqūt. It concludes that the art and care devoted to shaping such commemorations of individuals is evidence of the aesthetic and cultural importance of biography as an Arabic literary genre.
9
Daniel C. Bryant. "A Roster of Twentieth-Century Physicians Writing in English." Literature and Medicine 13, no. 2 (1994): 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lm.2010.0003.
Testo completo
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Charise, Andrea, and Stefan Krecsy. "The Manual of Disaster: Creativity, Preparedness, and Writing the Emergency Room." University of Toronto Quarterly Forthcoming (July 16, 2021): e2021002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.91.1.002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay offers a critical examination of creativity discourse at the intersection of two discipli-nary fields: health and humanities. In contrast to creativity’s longstanding associations with mak-ing, imitation, or invention, we examine the relatively recent emergence of what we call creativi-ty’s preparatory capacity, particularly within critical discussions of healthcare and illness narratives. Working with fictional representations of the emergency room in physician-writer Jay Baruch’s short story collection Fourteen Stories: Doctors, Patients, and Other Strangers (2007), we identify how particular narrative techniques are revealed in a range of emergency scenarios—both within and beyond the fictional setting—and what such deployments of creativity might signal for the future of literary studies more broadly.
11
Charise, Andrea, and Stefan Krecsy. "The Manual of Disaster: Creativity, Preparedness, and Writing the Emergency Room." University of Toronto Quarterly 91, no. 1 (2022): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.91.1.02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article offers a critical examination of creativity discourse at the intersection of two disciplinary fields: health and humanities. In contrast to creativity’s long-standing associations with making, imitation, or invention, we examine the relatively recent emergence of what we call creativity’s preparatory capacity, particularly within critical discussions of health-care and illness narratives. Working with fictional representations of the emergency room in physician-writer Jay Baruch’s short-story collection Fourteen Stories: Doctors, Patients, and Other Strangers (2007), we identify how particular narrative techniques are revealed in a range of emergency scenarios – both within and beyond the fictional setting – and what such deployments of creativity might signal for the future of literary studies more broadly.
12
Chen, Jenny X., Stacey T. Gray, and David H. Jung. "Training Surgeon Scholars: Grant Writing Workshops During Residency." OTO Open 6, no. 2 (2022): 2473974X2211046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473974x221104663.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Surgical residents may have limited experience with grant writing even though it is an important skill for academic physicians. We describe a novel curriculum on the conduct of research and grant literacy delivered at a single otolaryngology training program over 5 years. This workshop series included preparing a draft grant and conducting a mock grant review committee. In a survey of past participants (71% response rate), 91% found the workshops useful for grant writing or reviewing, and many used or planned to use the draft grants for real grant applications. The average number of American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation CORE grants submitted and successfully funded increased among residents at this program in the 4 years after the introduction of the workshop series as compared with the 4 years before. Further improvements continue to be made to the curriculum based on resident feedback.
13
Siraisi, Nancy. "Anatomizing the Past: Physicians and History in Renaissance Culture*." Renaissance Quarterly 53, no. 1 (2000): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901531.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In many different ways Renaissance physicians concerned themselves with the reading and writing of history. This article examines the role of historical interests in learned medical culture and the participation of physicians in the broader historical culture of the period.
14
Kedem, Nir. "Reading for Vital Symptoms." Poetics Today 41, no. 4 (2020): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8720057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article offers a Deleuzian practice of reading as a form of problematization: constructing or “mapping” an author’s lived problematics to which his or her writing responds as so many solutions. Unlike readings that treat authors as patients whose personal pathological symptoms manifest in their literary works, a Deleuzian reading sees them as physicians of their cultures responding to an intolerable mode of existence, which is indiscernibly both personal and collective. A Deleuzian reading thus explores both the symptoms of pathological social present and new possibilities of life as they receive formal expressions in the literary work and the author’s style. Such practice essentially operates by actively constructing a series of underlying problems and their corresponding formal solutions, a move that, at the same time, establishes immanent criteria for critically evaluating a particular literary response (a solution) to the entrapment of life forces in pathological modes of existence (a problematics). The author discusses how and why a Deleuzian reading is both possible and desirable and takes Israeli author David Grossman’s novel The Book of Intimate Grammar as its primary case. This reading studies the novel through three conceptual problems in literary theory: the author as the site of the creative process, the use of language as an expression of an author’s literary technique, and the conditions for literary enunciation. It also demonstrates the strengths and benefits of Deleuzian readings in extra-Anglophone and extra-Francophone contexts.
15
Elías, Carlos. "Acience Journalism as an Academic Discipline: the Fusion of Western Media and Science seen from a Literary and Social Perspective." Communication Papers 7, no. 13 (2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/cp.v7i13.21999.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Science Journalism addresses the intersection of two major spheres of Western culture: natural sciences and mass media. And both can be said to share the same ultimate goal: to seek the truth and make it public. On the other hand, Science Journalism is a creative writing between Natural and Social Sciences and, as a profession, is the perfect bridge between the<br />two cultures –scientific and literary- defined by C.P. Snow. It is therefore, a rich discipline in every aspect, but also one that involves a great deal of conceptual and procedural complexity. Journalism is the craft of creative writing, and initially, science also adapted a literary style.<br />Scientific Journalism deals exclusively with Natural Science, but with a Social Sciences point of view. It requires similar standards and guidelines, such as those used by scientists -physicists, chemists, biologists and geologists- for a journalist to approach the facts. In scientific<br />journalism it is important to define what is theory in Natural Science as opposed to the Social Sciences. “Science” journalism deals with information that comes exclusively from discoveries and facts. Science journalism, as a profession, is the perfect bridge between these two cultures: scientific and literary. A science journalist has more close contact with scientists -and their scientific results- than a sociologist or philosopher of science. But at the same time, journalism is a literary genre itself
16
Braun, Lundy, and Susan Wells. "Out of the Dead House: Nineteenth-Century Women Physicians and the Writing of Medicine." College Composition and Communication 54, no. 1 (2002): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1512106.
Testo completo
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Tan, Daniela. "The Body as Place in Time(s): Concepts of the Female Body in Medieval Japan." KronoScope 20, no. 1 (2020): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685241-12341452.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The body reflects the various timescales of human existence, such as physical processes and cosmological patterns. This paper seeks to demonstrate conceptualizations of the female body in medieval Japan, using source texts specifically concerned with menstruation. Its investigative use of medical, religious and literary sources serves to address a variety of the dimensions of human existence. Medical writings such as the 14th century Man‘anpō and the Toni‘shō, both compiled by the monk physician Kajiwara Shōzen, deal with the female cycle as a physical phenomenon in correlation with natural cyclical patterns. The female cycle is not only connected to questions of reproduction and sexuality, but also to larger scale cosmological time frames, such as the cycle of the moon or the tides. Instructions given for the treatment of irregularities, along with preventive measures, take into consideration the large-scale time frame in resonance with the micro-level of the body. Medical knowledge is complemented by religious texts, such as the Blood Bowl Sutra (Ketsubonkyō), that contextualize the perception of the female body within a religious dimension. The Buddhist worldview that permeates medical and literary texts of this era is also reflected in ideas about the female body. The varying physical, cosmological and religious chronomorphologies of the body reflect a multiplicity of time frames in medieval Japan.
18
Newmark, Julianne. "The Formal Conventions of Colonial Medicine: Bureau of Indian Affairs’ Agency Physicians’ Reports, 1880–1910." College Composition & Communication 71, no. 4 (2020): 620–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc202030727.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article takes a historical view of Dawes Era medical communication, focusing on National Archives Record Group 75 (the Bureau of Indian Affairs papers). Examinations of reports from the Pine Ridge and Nett Lake Agencies focus readers’ scrutiny on prevalent formal codes and paracolonial conventions of Indian Bureau medical reports. This article challenges writing studies scholars to forthrightly concern themselves with the ways in which discourses of power are encoded in document structures and designs.
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Maude, Ulrika. ""HINT OF JUGULAR AND CORDS": Beckett and Modern Medicine." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 19, no. 1 (2008): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-019001022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Beckett's writing is informed by medical practices and beliefs. While the references to medicine are often explicit, they also manifest themselves in implicit ways. The late prose and TV works, in particular, are suggestive of medical imaging technologies, which digitise and replicate the body, reproducing it as code or pixellated image. These two-dimensional fragmented images that give the subject or physician an understanding of anatomy and physiology, also virtualise the body, suggesting, often in problematic ways, its rewritability. This article explores instances of this tension in Beckett's work.
20
Prolygina, Irina. "On Galen's medical rhetoric." Hypothekai 7 (April 2023): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2023-7-7-147-158.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In ancient Greece, medicine was closely linked to rhetoric as it needed the tools to persuade the audience and logically justify the methods of treatment. During the imperial period, mastery of rhetorical techniques became an essential characteristic of educa-tion and belonging to the intellectual elite who highly valued im-provised public speeches and debates, including those on scien-tific topics. Galen, as one of the brightest and most prolific writ-ers of the Antonine and Severan periods, occupied a key place in this culture of the so-called “Second Sophistic”. However, the study of his style still belongs to the category of desideratum. The difficulty lies mainly in the fact that his compositions are extremely diverse in terms of their volume, genre specificity, and target audience, and in each case, require careful correlation of the text with its context. The question is considered of what modern researchers understand by “Second Sophistic” and what criteria determine whether a particular author belongs to this phenomenon. One of these criteria is paideia — a classical school education in grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy, which provided many common formal features recorded in the writings of Greek and Roman authors of that period. And although Galen does not directly speak about his rhetorical education and skepti-cally comments on the methods of rhetorical persuasion, the list of his works devoted to questions of grammar and rhetoric, which is preserved in his autobiographical writings, testifies to his excellent mastery of the subject. On the other hand, even skimming of his writings points to Galen's expertise in compos-ing so-called “progymnasmata” and his mastery of literary gen-res: narration, eulogy, invective, comparison and description, refutation, etc., which allowed him to become an outstanding physician, polemicist, commentator, and inventor of scientific discourse.
21
RAFFE, ALASDAIR. "ARCHIBALD PITCAIRNE AND SCOTTISH HETERODOXY, c. 1688–1713." Historical Journal 60, no. 3 (2016): 633–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x1600025x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThis article argues that the Edinburgh physician Archibald Pitcairne made a significant and original contribution to European religious heterodoxy around 1700. Though Pitcairne has been studied by historians of medicine and scholars of literary culture, his heterodox writings have not been analysed in any detail. This is partly because of their publication in Latin, their relative rarity, and their considerable obscurity. The article provides a full examination of two works by Pitcairne: his Solutio problematis de historicis; seu, inventoribus (‘Solution of the problem concerning historians or inventors’) (1688); and the Epistola Archimedis ad Regem Gelonem (‘Letter of Archimedes to King Gelo’) (1706). As well as untangling their bibliographical and textual difficulties, the article places these tracts in the context of Pitcairne's medical, mathematical, and religious interests. A range of readers deplored the sceptical implications of the pamphlets, but others, particularly in free-thinking circles in the Netherlands, admired Pitcairne's work. And yet Pitcairne himself was no atheist. He doubted a priori proofs of God's existence, but had been convinced by a version of the argument from ‘design’. The article concludes by relating Pitcairne's complex religious attitudes to his background in late seventeenth-century Scotland.
22
Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán, and James W. Pennebaker. "Do good stories produce good health?" Narrative Inquiry 16, no. 1 (2006): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.16.1.26ram.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a culturally-held belief that good narratives are associated with good mental or physical health. Scores of studies have demonstrated that writing about emotional upheavals can have salutary health effects. Despite the writing-health relationship, there is scant evidence that expressive writing samples that are judged to be good narratives are themselves linked to health change. Across multiple studies, linguistic features of essays have been empirically linked to health changes. For example, use of positive emotions, increasing use of causal and other cognitive words, and shifts in pronoun use are correlated with fewer physician visits. These language markers, however, are not strongly related to the quality of narrative. Whereas most research has been conducted with English-speaking samples, new analytic methods suggest that many of the language findings can be exported to other languages and cultures. Implications for our understanding narrative, language, and culture within the context of new language analytic methods are discussed.
23
Flucher, Elisabeth. "„Sterben Sie weise!”—Dramatisierungen der Hypochondrie in Fallerzählungen des 18. Jahrhunderts." Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 59, no. 1 (2023): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/seminar.59.1.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Autobiographical reports on hypochondriasis, now known as somatic symptom disorder or illness anxiety disorder, were common and popular in the eighteenth century. In this article, I compare and contrast two such autobiographical reports by poets with a case study by the famous philosopher and physician Marcus Herz of the well-known poet Karl Philipp Moritz, published after the latter’s death. Despite the serious subject matter, the three texts all rely on elements of the poetic genre of comedy. The article analyzes how the poet-patients linked therapy and healing to writing and imagination, while the physician paradoxically thought writing and imagination contributed to the sickness of hypochondriasis. Related topics such as the topos of the melancholic poet; laughter as a method of healing; acting, role play, and lying in dialogical therapy; as well as psychological aspects of doctor-patient-relations establish the topicality and timeliness of eighteenth-century discourse on hypochondriasis. While the practice of psychotherapy and its foundation on the interrelatedness of soma and psyche were still experimental, the first principle of a therapeutic relationship between doctor/therapist and patient/subject was already mapped out in Herz’s text. The article shows how a patient’s perspective on his own healing as well as a doctor’s perspective on the patient’s healing relied on different formal aspects of the classical poetics of drama. The “dramatic” exaggeration of sickness in hypochondriasis and the narration of its healing are thus closely modeled on formal aspects of dramatic structure. Besides their well-being, patients’ autonomy is at stake through the power of telling their own stories.
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Gaylard, Susan. "Machiavelli's Medical Mandragola: Knowledge, Food, and Feces." Renaissance Quarterly 74, no. 1 (2021): 59–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2020.313.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article argues that the medical discourse of Machiavelli's “Mandragola” is profoundly important both for understanding the play and for revisiting its author's philosophical and political writings. I show that discussions in “Mandragola” of doctors, medicine, eating, and elimination ultimately break down the traditional paradigm that opposes truth, nourishment, and healing to deception, problematic food, and illness. The play's extended discourse around medicine undermines the ideal of the physician who heals the state and the pharmakon of words that heal the soul (in Plato, Livy, Saint Augustine, and Machiavelli's “Discorsi”), questioning in turn notions of knowledge and truth.
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Brown, William, Renu Balyan, Andrew J. Karter, et al. "Challenges and solutions to employing natural language processing and machine learning to measure patients’ health literacy and physician writing complexity: The ECLIPPSE study." Journal of Biomedical Informatics 113 (January 2021): 103658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103658.
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Kalman, Jason. "Job the Patient/Maimonides the Physician: A Case Study in the Unity of Maimonides' Thought." AJS Review 32, no. 1 (2008): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009408000068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study of Moses ben Maimon's works is ultimately tied into scholars' assumptions about whether they are reading the writings of Maimonides, the medieval Jewish philosopher par excellence, or Rambam, the premier medieval codifier of halakhah. Three approaches to interpreting his works have dominated scholarship for the last century. Some read the works as consisting of two essentially independent oeuvres: halakhic works written for one audience and philosophical works for another. Thus, Maimonides did not need to be consistent in his views. The supporters of Maimonides the philosopher read his halakhic works as secretly containing philosophical truths consistent with those in the Guide of the Perplexed (referred to as GP herein). The supporters of Rambam prefer to see the Mishneh Torah as the foremost statement of his views and the philosophical stance expressed in the Guide as disingenuous. In the words of Menachem Kellner, Maimonides is presented as “everything from a late convert to Kabbalah to a halakhist, who in truth disdained philosophy, to an Aristotelian philosopher, whose own innermost thoughts stood in conscious opposition to normative Jewish teachings.”
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Campbell Ross, Ian. "‘Damn these printers … By heaven, I'll cut Hoey's throat’: The History of Mr. Charles Fitzgerald and Miss Sarah Stapleton (1770), a Catholic Novel in Eighteenth-Century Ireland." Irish University Review 48, no. 2 (2018): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2018.0353.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The History of Mr Charles Fitzgerald and Miss Sarah Stapleton (Dublin, 1770) is a satirical marriage-plot novel, published by the Roman Catholic bookseller James Hoey Junior. The essay argues that the anonymous author was himself a Roman Catholic, whose work mischievously interrogates the place of English-language prose fiction in Ireland during the third-quarter of the eighteenth century. By so doing, the fiction illuminates the issue, so far neglected by Irish book historians, of how the growing middle-class Roman Catholic readership might have read the increasingly popular ‘new species of writing’, as produced by novelists in Great Britain and Ireland. The essay concludes by reviewing the question of the authorship of The History and offering a new attribution to the Catholic physician and poet, Dr Dominick Kelly, of Ballyglass, Co. Roscommon.
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John, Stefanie. "‘Precision Instruments for Dreaming’: Anatomizing Keats in Pauline Stainer's The Wound-dresser's Dream." Romanticism 22, no. 2 (2016): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2016.0277.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay examines allusions to Keats in the collection The Wound-dresser's Dream (1996) by the contemporary British poet Pauline Stainer. Drawing on the Keatsian notion of dreaming as a metaphor for poetic creativity and responding to Keats as both poet and physician, Stainer explores the interface between sense experience and imagination. As dreams seem to encode hidden meanings, so Stainer's writing evokes the impression that the textual riddles of her poems symbolize greater truths – while the nature of these truths is mostly left unclear. Through extensive use of allusion and surreal, sometimes opaque imagery she foregrounds the status of the poetic work as a linguistic construct. Yet she also maintains a Keatsian belief that poetry's ability to embrace uncertainties and mysteries affords it a unique grasp on actuality.
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Asokan, G. V., Mohamed Yaqoob Ali Yusuf, Richard Kirubakaran, et al. "Levels and Determinants of Health Literacy in Bahrain’s Community Context." Oman Medical Journal 35, no. 6 (2020): e195-e195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.88.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objectives: We sought to assess health literacy (HL) and its associated factors in the Bahraini community using a validated HL scale and address its deficient domains to inform policy. Methods: We carried out a conveniently sampled, cross-sectional survey using the All Aspects of Health Literacy Scale in the Bahraini community. The scale has three key aspects: basic or functional HL (FUN-4 items), which corresponds to basic reading and writing skills, and knowledge of health conditions and health systems; communicative or interactive HL (COM-3 items) on communicative and social skills to extract information from different forms of communication; and critical HL (CR-4 items), the advanced cognitive and social skills to critically analyze information and exert greater control over life events and situations relating to individual and community level wellbeing goals. We examined the association between sociodemographic and health information for the survey tool items using the chi-square test. The relationship between total scale score and subscale scores of the three domains of the survey tool to sociodemographic and health information was investigated using the t-test and ANOVA. Results: Of the 836 participants (mean age = 26.6 years), single (64.0%) and university students (76.6%) were predominant; 15.6% reported long-term sickness and visited the general physician often. The highest mean item scores were for empowerment (1.8) and lowest for functional HL (0.1). The significant domain-specific responses to the survey tool items were 12 for critical HL, 10 for functional HL, six for communicative HL, and five for empowerment. Participants aged < 30 years old, female, married, pursuing/completed Master’s program, employed, and whose self-rating of health was excellent had higher total HL scores. Conclusions: Older, less educated respondents with a poor self-rating of health had low HL scores. We recommend further studies to address the relative importance of functional, interactive, and critical HL in the community to promote health outcomes.
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De Renzi, Silvia. "A Career in Manuscripts: Genres and Purposes of a Physician's Writing in Rome, 1600–1630." Italian Studies 66, no. 2 (2011): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174861811x13009843386639.
Testo completo
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Murray, Chris. "“Death in his hand”." Nineteenth-Century Literature 78, no. 3 (2023): 179–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2023.78.3.179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chris Murray, “‘Death in his hand’: Theories of Apparitions in Coleridge, Ferriar, and Keats” (pp. 179–210) On a chance meeting in 1819, Samuel Taylor Coleridge told John Keats about his theory of “double touch.” This hypothesis is key to the famous accounts in which each poet mythologizes the other. In his writings on double touch, Coleridge surmises that we engage with our world simultaneously by sensory perception and an energetic connection derived from Mesmerism. Disruption to either aspect of double touch results in the pathological state of “single touch,” symptoms of which can include hallucination. Coleridge developed his theory in dialogue with physician and author John Ferriar. Each theorized that ghost-sightings occur when the mind articulates disease as strong imagery and each used literature, particularly Shakespeare’s Hamlet (1603), as a source of evidence for psychological speculations. Coleridge’s double-touch theory pervades his notebooks and his lectures on drama, and his verbal account provided Keats with a new means to explore the supernatural in narrative verse. Hence, double touch receives its most significant literary treatment in Keats’s compositions over the weeks following his conversation with Coleridge. In particular, “La Belle Dame sans Merci” (1819) proceeds from an initial impulse to parody Coleridge to a serious exploration of double touch. Conversely, Coleridge’s claim to have foretold Keats’s death is influenced by double-touch theory and “La Belle Dame sans Merci.”
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Mata, Shweta, Sakshi Sharma, Kuldeep Singh, et al. "Vaidya Bhagwan Dash – a renowned clinician, researcher, and litterateur of Ayurveda." Journal of Research in Ayurvedic Sciences 8, Suppl 1 (2024): S81—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jras.jras_314_23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Vaidya Bhagwan Dash was a highly respected Ayurvedic physician and a distinguished luminary in Ayurveda who dedicated his life to preserving and promoting Ayurvedic knowledge. He has been a man of great acumen and erudition, with the capacity of felicitous literary expression of Ayurveda. These qualities place him in the pantheon of modern India as one of the greatest pioneers of Ayurveda. Vaidya Bhagwan Dash acquired proficient knowledge in Ayurveda, and his work has been recognized and awarded globally. His achievements serve as an inspiration to those who wish to contribute to the field of Ayurveda. He was a proponent of Ayurveda and recognized its growing importance in the international community. He believed that Ayurveda’s popularity stems from its accessibility, affordability, and potential to heal without toxic side effects. His books and writings provide insights into Ayurveda’s therapeutic potential and fundamental principles. He was a visionary who emphasized the need to understand traditional systems of medicine before exploring new drugs and played a pivotal role in encouraging people to adopt herbal remedies instead of modern medicine. His dedication to the field, extensive knowledge, and tireless efforts to promote Ayurveda globally have made him a highly revered and renowned figure. His contributions to Ayurveda through his translations, research, education, and establishment of research institutions have helped to promote the integration of Ayurveda into mainstream healthcare systems.
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Zare-Behtash, Esmail. "Images of ‘Love’ and ‘Death’ in the Poetry of Jaláluddin Rumi and John Donne." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 2 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.2p.97.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to compare the lives and literary careers of two great poets from the East and the West to find common grounds in their lives and writings. In comparing the poetic works of these two great poets, the study will focus on love and death as two major images in the poetry of these two great poets. Jaláluddin Moláná Rumi as he is called in the West, was a Persian poet-philosopher, and John Donne was a metaphysical poet-preacher from England. These two poets wrote much about their ideas with lucidity and wit. Love and death were both of supreme concern for these poets and a preoccupation of their hearts. Nothing is possible in “love” without “death”. Life for Donne is love, the love of women in his early life, then of his wife and finally the love of God. Love for Rumi is sweet madness, healing all infirmities and the physician of pride and self-conceit. Death for Donne is nothing but a transitory passage from here to the hereafter and union with God. Death for Rumi is also a wedding; it is a change from one stage to another as a seed planted in the earth dies in one form in order to be born in another. Both believe that we are from Him, and to Him we shall return.Keywords: Rumi, Donne, love, death, metaphysical poetry, Sufism
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Bearden, Elizabeth B. "Before Normal, There Was Natural: John Bulwer, Disability, and Natural Signing in Early Modern England and Beyond." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no. 1 (2017): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2017.132.1.33.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Disability studies scholars and Renaissance scholars have much to learn from early modern schemata of disability. Early modern people used nature and the natural to discriminate against and to include people with atypical bodies and minds. In his writings, the English physician John Bulwer (1606–56) considers Deafness a natural human variation with definite advantages, anticipating current concepts of biolinguistic diversity and Deaf-gain, while acknowledging his society's biases. He refutes the exclusion of sign language and other forms of what he calls “ocular audition” from natural law, which made capacity for speech the benchmark for natural rights. Instead of using Deaf people as exceptions that prove the rule of nature or as limit cases for humanity, Bulwer makes deafness part of a plastic understanding of the senses, and he promotes the sociability of signed languages as a conduit to a universal language that might be encouraged and taught in England.
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Gomel, Elana. "“SPIRITS IN THE MATERIAL WORLD”: SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY IN THE FIN DE SIÈCLE." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 1 (2007): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051480.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BOOKS ARE SOMETIMES published posthumously. In the nineteenth century, books were occasionally written posthumously when spiritualist mediums claimed to receive communications from the spirits of famous writers anxious to keep in touch with their public from beyond the grave. Oscar Wilde wrote his last book twenty-six years after his death, Oscar Wilde from Purgatory: Psychic Messages (1926), edited by Hester Travers Smith, the medium who received the messages while in trance and inscribed them through the process known as “automatic writing.” The book was highly regarded in the spiritualist community, boasting a preface by Sir William Barrett, a famous physicist, a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and – along with a number of other illustrious men of science such as physicists Sir William Crookes and Oliver Lodge as well as biologist Alfred Russell Wallace – a convert to spiritualism.
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Lamb, John B. "Turning the Inside Out: Morals, Modes of Living, and the Condition of the Working Class." Victorian Literature and Culture 25, no. 1 (1997): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300004617.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Writing on the Living conditions in Devon and Somerset in 1849, Alexander Mackay set out to discredit the often picturesque depiction of the homes of the poor:We are accustomed to associate with the idea of a country village, or with a cottage situated in a winding vale, or hanging upon the side of a rich and fertile slope, nothing but health, contentment and happiness. A rural dwelling of this class … makes such a nice pencil sketch, that we are naturally inclined to think it as neat and comfortable as it appears. But to know it aright, it must be turned inside out, and its realites exposed to the gaze of the observer. (qtd. in Lester 320)It was this turning “inside out” of working-class interiors to the voyeuristic gaze of their largely middle-class readers that Mackay and his fellow journalists on the Morning Chronicle set out to accomplish in a series of “letters” written in 1849 and 1850. But such depictions of working-class houses and their interiors had been a staple part of the discourse on the condition of the laboring population as early as 1832, when the Manchester physician and later Assistant Poor Law Commissioner James Kay published The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes, and they continued to appear throughout the 1830s, 40s, and early 50s in the work of Peter Gaskell, William Alison, Thomas Beames, Hector Gavin, Edwin Chadwick, Henry Mayhew, and others. This writing, as I will demonstrate, betrays similar discursive and ideological underpinnings as the workingclass interior becomes the focal point for the assertion of bourgeois value and the maintenance of class distinction.
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Hughes, Peter. "Michael Servetus’s Britain: Anatomy of a Renaissance Geographer’s Writing." Renaissance and Reformation 39, no. 2 (2016): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v39i2.26855.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Michael Servetus was a theologian, physician, astrologer, and editor. In the latter capacity he edited two editions of Ptolemy’s Geographia, to which he added some apparatus and several articles that described European countries and peoples. Following in the footsteps of medieval and Renaissance geographical writers before him, Servetus did his research less by travelling and more by reading. His “original” pieces, like the works of the authors upon whom he drew, were thus a patchwork of quotations and borrowings from earlier books. This article examines both what Servetus said about Great Britain, a place he never visited, and the nature and quality of the information that he, his predecessors, and his followers provided for their readers. Such an examination helps us understand the way a learned polymath such as Servetus worked in composing his heretical critique of the Trinity and in gaining the insights that led him to make the first European description of the circulation of blood through the lungs.
 Michael Servetus était théologien, médecin, astrologue et éditeur. Dans ce dernier rôle, il a révisé deux éditions de la Geographia de Ptolémée, à laquelle il a ajouté un apparat critique ainsi que plusieurs articles décrivant des pays et des peuples d’Europe. Suivant les traces des écrivains géographes du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance qui l’ont précédé, Servetus a mené ses recherches par ses lectures bien plus que par des voyages. Ses ajouts « originaux » empruntent aux travaux de plusieurs auteurs, faisant de ses textes des assemblages de citations et d’extraits pris d’ouvrages préexistants. Cet article examine ce que Servetus dit de la Grande Bretagne, qu’il n’a jamais visitée, ainsi que la nature et la qualité des informations qu’il propose aux lecteurs, qu’elles soient de son cru ou d’autres auteurs. Cet examen nous permet de mieux comprendre comment un polymathe tel que Servetus a pu composer sa critique hétérodoxe de la Trinité et développer des idées conduisant à décrire pour la première fois en Europe le passage du sang par les poumons.
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Flint, Kate. "Blood, Bodies, and The Lifted Veil." Nineteenth-Century Literature 51, no. 4 (1997): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2933855.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Lifted Veil (1859) is a text concerned with the interplay between science and the imagination. It is informed by The Physiology of Common Life, the work that G. H. Lewes published in the same year, and in many ways is in a dialogue with this work, asking that if we could look into someone's mind with the same power that a physician can examine the body, would we choose to exercise this specular power? The essay shows how George Eliot employs some of the same language that Lewes uses in his scientific writing, especially in the context of the circulation of blood and the circulation of feeling. Blood is crucial to this novella, and its wider nineteenth-century implications are also raised. In particular, the blood transfusion scene in The Lifted Veil is shown not to be a piece of mere Gothic melodrama but to be rooted in contemporary debate about transfusion. Historical specificity is reinforced through showing that Meunier, the doctor, had an actual prototype in the figure of Brown-Séquard. Examining these aspects of the novella raises questions about gender and authority. It is argued that, despite the dialogue with Lewes's work that occurs in The Lifted Veil, George Eliot gives even greater priority than Lewes does to the role of the imagination and to the provocative nature of that which cannot be revealed by science.
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Mehta, Varshil, Charvi Chugh, and Arshi Pervez. "Why should you do Research?" Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 1 (2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today, the world is facing pandemic outburst of diseases. Many Physicians-Scientist are working really hard to find out the measures which can either prevent or cure these diseases. But, we are still lagging behind in one or the other way. The most important way through which we will be able to curb these diseases is by doing Research. Research is defined as a process of investigation, interpretation and updating of the scientific knowledge. Research is a tool for building knowledge and efficient learning. It is also important for budding and veteran writers, both offline and online. For those looking for a job or a promotion in good hospitals, research is likewise a necessity. It helps in understanding various ongoing health hazards. It is also a way to discard old hypothesis and develop new facts on which the medical world can completely rely on. Research is the need of the day and everyone in medical profession is encouraged to do it including medical students. But their contribution to research is quite less when compared to students of other profession. History says that many inventions were created by medical students. One of the most important research was of insulin discovery and its purification which was made by Dr. Frederick Banting and his second-year medical student assistant Charles Best. Jay Mclean, a medical student from John Hopkins University had discovered Heparin. However, Research should not be made compulsory. Research entails both reading and writing. These two literacy functions help enable computation and comprehension. Without these skills, it is less likely for anyone to appreciate and get involved in research. Reading opens the mind to a vast horizon of knowledge, while writing helps a reader use her/his own perspective and transform this into a more concrete idea that s/he understands. Apart from reading and writing, listening and speaking are also integral in conducting research. Interviews, attending knowledge-generating events, and casual talks with anyone certainly aid in formulating research topics. They can also facilitate the critical thinking process. Listening to experts discuss the merits of their studies helps the listener to analyze a certain issue and write about such analysis. Curiosity may kill not just the cat, but the human as well. Yet, it is the same curiosity that fuels the mind to seek for answers. Indeed, research and doing research encourage people to explore possibilities, to understand existing disorders, and to disclose facts. Without research, healthy life would remain as fantasy. Reading, writing, observing, analyzing, and interacting with others facilitate an inquisitive mind's quest for knowledge and efficient learning. Research serves as an instrument to achieve that healthy world goal.
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Mahmood, Zahid, Khan Muhammad Baber, Haroon-ur Rashid, Safirah Maheen, and Ambreen Malik Uttra. "PRESCRIPTION ADHERENCE." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 08 (2016): 1010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.08.1679.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: The aim of current research was to highlight the abilities of patients tounderstand and follow prescription. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: District HeadQuarter (DHQ) hospital Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Duration: Data was collected betweenApril to June, 2015. Methods: Study was conducted by well-trained pharmacists regardingprescription understanding and following. A well structured questionnaire was designed to gatherinformation from 150 patients that comprised of questions based on all factors to be evaluated forprescription understanding and following. Results: The findings of this critique reveal that, 30%of patients understood instructions given on prescription where as, 12% of patients were able tocomprehend physicians writing and 23% were those who even didn’t understand prescriptionabbreviations. Similarly, correct method of drug administration, compliance with frequencyof dose and dosage form and accurate dose intake were acknowledged by 66%, 65%, 73%and 80% patients, respectively while, 28% patients were able to make clear understandingwith precautions written on prescription. However, 20% of patients reported that medicineshave disturbed their routine life, 29% recognized their dependency on prescribed medications,22% consulted with a third person for prescription interpretation, 36% reduced their dose tohalf due to side effects, 35% stated that prescribed brands were available to them and 65%missed their doses due to high cost of brands. Moreover, 76% patients showed consciousnessregarding value of therapy and only 31% patients acknowledged that prescribed brandswere economical. Conclusion: There is a lot of room for improvement in factors related toprescription understanding and following. Enhanced literacy rate, generic prescribing practicesand cost-effectiveness should be considered for prescription consideration. Most importantfrom Pakistan’s point of view, role of pharmacist should be implemented in every health sectorof country to mimic most of prescription related problems.
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Shchepkin, Vasilii V. "Reforms by Peter the Great as a Model for Japan in the Writings of the Late Edo Period." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 10 (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-82-91.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The first knowledge about Peter the Great seems to penetrate into Japan during the lifetime of this Russian emperor, as early as the beginning of the 18th century. However, it was only after first attempts of Siberian merchants to start trade relations with Japan’s northernmost domain of Matsumae when Japanese intellectuals began to study Russia and its history. By the end of the century, the image of Peter the Great as an outstanding ruler had formed in Japan, with his main achievement being the expansion of the country’s territory, after which European Russia suddenly shared a border with northern Japan. Katsuragawa Hoshu, a court physician and the author of one of the first descriptions of Russia, might be the first Japanese who implied Peter the Great’s activities as a model for Japan, pointing out his politics in spreading the foreign trade. Japanese intellectuals of the first half of the 19th century continued to use Peter the Great’s reforms as a possible model for Japan. Watanabe Kazan (1793–1841) in his “Note about the Situation in Foreign Countries” used the Russian emperor as evidence of a leader’s role in winning nature-based and geographical obstacles in a country’s development. Aizawa Seishisai (1782–1863) and later Sakuma Shozan (1811–1864) pointed out Peter’s leadership qualities and personal involvement in reforms. Based on the study of Peter’s activities, Aizawa managed to create the program of Japan’s reforming known as the “New thesis” (“Shinron”, 1825), while Sakuma promoted the necessity of Western learning, especially the development of navy and artillery. This allows to assume a great influence of the study of Peter the Great and Russian history in formulating the ideas of a “rich country and strong army” that became a cornerstone of national ideology in Meiji Japan.
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Wolfe, Jessica. "Thomas Browne and the Silent Text." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 2 (2017): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i2.28503.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Throughout his writings, the physician and essayist Thomas Browne (1605–82) grapples with the problem of how and whether to interpret the silence of texts. His innovative solutions to the problem of “negative authority,” the term used in early modern theological debates over the significance, or lack thereof, vested in things omitted by the scriptures, challenge more conventional reformed defenses of scriptural perspicuity and also reveal how these hermeneutic puzzles in turn shape Browne’s understanding of the relationship between theology and natural philosophy and between rhetoric and logic. This article analyzes Browne’s idiosyncratic treatment of textual silence within its historical moment and also considers the interpretive challenges posed by omissions in Browne’s own writings, focusing in particular on his Pseudodoxia Epidemica.
 À travers son oeuvre, le médecin et essayiste Thomas Browne (1605–82) se demande s’il faut interpréter le silence des textes, et si oui, comment. À la question de « l’autorité négative », ainsi que le problème était nommé dans les débats théologiques de la première modernité — que signifient les silences et les omissions des Écritures, s'ils signifient quelque chose? — il répond de manière originale et défie les défenses réformées, plus conventionnelles, de la perspicacité scripturale ; ces réponses révèlent également l'influence de ces énigmes herméneutiques, en retour, sur la conception de Browne quant aux relations entre théologie et philosophie naturelle, ainsi qu' entre rhétorique et logique. Cet article analyse la façon spécifique dont Browne, dans son contexte historique, traite du silence textuel, et il considère les problèmes d’interprétation que posent les omissions dans les textes de Browne lui-même, en particulier dans son Pseudodoxia Epidemica.
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Warnock, Mary. "Another Ten Years in Education." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 79, no. 4 (1986): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688607900403.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Opening remarks by the President, Sir John Walton: The Lloyd Roberts Lecture is one of the major events of the Society year. It is given in rotation at the invitation of the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Medical Society of London and the Royal Society of Medicine, and this year it is our turn. For those of you who do not know who Lloyd Roberts was — he died in 1920, at which time he was the Consulting Obstetric Physician, a very modern term indeed, to Manchester Royal Infirmary because, although he practised throughout his professional life as an obstetrician and gynaecologist, he was also a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London and was particularly interested in medical aspects of obstetrics and gynaecology. He was one of that long line of medical polymaths who distinguished British medical affairs in the last century and in the early part of this century in that he had a major interest in literary matters. Quite apart from publishing his very well known Students' Guide to the Practice of Midwifery, he also published a revised edition of Sir Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, and was responsible for writing a major work on The Scientific Knowledge of Dante. A great collector of art treasures, including a specially fine collection of mezzotints, glass and books, he was in many, many ways a man of outstanding breadth of interest and culture. One of the most interesting things that was said about Lloyd Roberts in a very long obituary after he died was that, even if he had died thirty years earlier, his biography would have had a very large sale. Hospital work done, he was to be found by midday standing, always standing, compact, alert, close cropped, by his consulting room fire with a glass of milk warming in the fender and, amongst the instruments on the mantelpiece, there were walnuts, which he cracked at intervals with explosive violence. These served for lunch. One of his most famous quotes, which apparently has always been remembered, was that he used to say he was not a consultant but ‘a general specialist, with a leaning towards women’, and his definition of gynaecology was ‘anything either curable or lucrative’. But everyone said that he was a born healer and it did people good merely to see him, so that he was clearly one of the most notable members of our profession of the day. Now, who could we have chosen better than Baroness Warnock to deliver this year's Lloyd Roberts Lecture? Educated at Lady Margaret Hall, subsequently Fellow and Tutor of Philosophy at St Hugh's College and then later Headmistress of Oxford High School for six years, she has chaired many special enquiries of particular interest to this profession, such as the Committee of Enquiry into Special Education. She served on the Advisory Committee on Animal Experiments as Chairman until recently and we know very well of her work in chairing the Committee of Enquiry into Human Fertilization and Embryology. She has also found the time to write widely on Existentialism, Imagination and Education, and other topics. Now, if there has been an occasion when simultaneously a husband and wife have been respectively Head of House, one in Oxford and the other in Cambridge, then as a very new boy at Oxford it is not something which I personally have been aware. Interest in education makes it particularly fitting that she should have chosen tonight, following upon the lecture given in this series some fifteen years ago by Lord James of Rusholme, to talk about ‘Another ten years in education’.
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Cutter, Martha J. "When Black Lives Really Do Matter: Subverting Medical Racism through African-Diasporic Healing Rituals in Toni Morrison’s Fiction." MELUS 46, no. 4 (2021): 208–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlac001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Toni Morrison spent much of her career detailing the unpredictability of African American existence within a racist society, with a special focus on patriarchal violence and medical apartheid against women’s bodies. Yet Morrison also limns out alternative modes of healing within a Black metacultural framework that moves between Nigeria, Brazil, and Egypt. As we move forward from the COVID-19 crisis, research has suggested that training more African American doctors, nurses, and physician assistants might curtail medical racism. Morrison’s fiction looks to a more basic level in which love of the bodies of African American people is at the center of healing. This article therefore discusses medical racism and applies Morrison’s lessons to the COVID-19 moment that her writing trenchantly foreshadows. It focuses on three healers who elide the medical establishment to embody a metacultural ethics of healing: Baby Suggs (in Beloved [1987]), Consolata Sosa (in Paradise [1997]), and Ethel Fordham (in Home [2012]). Morrison fuses an African-diasporic framework with embodied new knowledge that allows individuals to gain insight and agency in a white-dominant medical world that still refuses to endorse the idea that Black people’s bodies and psyches really do matter. An examination of these healers’ practices therefore sheds light on the COVID-19 moment by suggesting ways that African American people can stay “woke” and have agency when encountering and navigating traditional health care systems, which even today view the bodies of African Americans as fodder for medical experiments, immune to disease, and not in need of ethical and humane medical care.
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Diaconu, Mircea A. "Valahii (și nu numai ei), în Bucovina anilor 1788-1789." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 6, no. 1 (2023): 61–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v6i1.25084.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Who is Balthasar Hacquet (1739-1815)? A universal man and Enlightenment figure, Balthasar Hacquet was a physician, surgeon, geologist, mineralogist, botanist, fascinated by plants and animals, chemist, karstologist, palaeontologist, as well as ethnographer, ethnologist and anthropologist. The present study is prompted by the fact that between 1788 and 1789, Hacquet travelled through Bukovina, recently occupied by the Austrians, recording facts and giving testimonies on locals and settlers alike. The first part of the study analyzes the way Hacquet is published and received in Romania, between 1895 and 2007, from G. Bogdan-Duică (1895) to Nicolae Iorga, Leca Morariu, Radu Grigorovici, Leonte Ivanov. With insignificant exceptions, the most common opinion among Romanians is that Hacquet is unfair to the locals, conveying an unfavourable image of the Romanian-speaking population. Considering such an assessment inadequate, the author proposes in the second part of the study a re-reading of Hacquet's travel notes from an imagological perspective. The proposed analysis does not aim at reprimanding Hacquet for his views, nor at correcting them. Instead it aims at problematizing his perspective as the consequence of all sorts of contexts. Consequently, the ideas conveyed by Hacquet take on complex meanings that go beyond the limits of a divide between cultures. Finally, through the rereading it proposes, the study responds to its main objective, which is to dive into Hacquet's writing in order to reconstruct multiple aspects of life in Bukovina between 1788 and 1789.
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Tsai, Mei-hui. "Presenting medical knowledge in multilingual context." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 20, no. 2 (2010): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.20.2.10tsa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Because preventive care is a critical step in promoting public health, medical professionals provide health education in order to inform the public how to avoid diseases. However, in a multilingual society such as Taiwan, where Western medical discourse is carried on mainly in Mandarin (the official language) and English (a foreign language and the lingua franca of Western medicine), the issue of how medical professionals communicate their knowledge to the lay public, especially to elderly patients who are monolingual in the local dialect of Southern Min, is a pressing concern. In this paper, I examine two osteoporosis education talks conducted by a male visiting physician at a teaching hospital in southern Taiwan. My analysis focuses on the speaker’s choice of language and lexical synonyms in conveying the two key concepts of ‘bone quality’ and ‘non-solid’, i.e., osteoporosis. By applying Ferguson’s high and low varieties (1972: 234) and Tsai’s four principles in quantifying lexical formality (2008), I observe that, due to the lack of an established writing system, Southern Min is hardly used in the written slides of the speaker’s presentation, and in fact occurs even less often than English does. Instead, Chinese characters representing Mandarin are the dominant language used in the written messages. While this form of presentation might cause comprehension problems for illiterate and monolingual speakers of Southern Min, this communication problem is offset by the speaker’s preference for Southern Min, the vernacular language, in the spoken form. Further discourse analysis leads to my arguments that (1) the speaker’s preference for linguistic expressions with less formality in the spoken discourse is a strategy in providing comprehensive and easy-to-access medical knowledge for the lay audience, (2) the de-formalization process of medical jargon moves from the higher codes to the lower ones in the discourse flow, and (3) the complementary distribution of higher codes on the written slides and lower codes in the spoken form facilitates the speaker’s task of delivering medical knowledge. The pedagogical implications of this research provide a practical guideline for medical professionals with regard to promoting the public’s medical literacy.
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Chakraborty, Ayusman, and Dana Radler. "Representations of Indian ascetics: from Johann Martin Honigberger’s memoir to early twentieth century Romanian newspapers and journals." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 5, no. 2 (2022): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v5i2.23881.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent times, Indian ascetics have become pop icons due to the influence of visual entertainment media. Outside their country of origin, they are often negatively stereotyped to foster derogatory understandings of the Others and their cultures. In this paper, we will focus on representations of Indian ascetics. Starting with their early depictions in the memoir of the Transylvanian physician Dr Honigberger, we will examine their representations in Romanian newspapers and journals. In order to account for Romanian interest in ascetics from a faraway land, this paper will take into consideration the historical developments that led to the growth of European interest in them. Through a comparison between nineteenth century British (Osborne 1840) and East-European (Honigberger 1851, 1852) writings on Indian ascetics, we will try to understand whether conceptualization of Indian ascetics in Romanian-speaking territories differed in any way from that of the British colonizers in India. The paper will then move on to examine how the Romanian press conceptualized these ascetics. Evidences point to the fact that the Romanian press became interested in Indian ascetics, erroneously generalized as fakirs, from ca. 1900 to 1940. Analysing Romanian journal and magazine articles on Indian fakirs, which till now remain untranslated into English, this article will try to show how the Romanian press conceived of the ascetics of a faraway country. Our research methodology is based on text analysis, relying on a broader cultural perspective. For the purpose of this paper, we have selected a series of article samples, taking into consideration diversity in terms of regions (southern Romania and Transylvania), as well as the most relevant period (1906-1935). The interest in Indian sadhus and their doings basically emerged starting with the mid-nineteenth century. Yet over the following decades accounts have changed in terms of focus. While nineteenth century authors were primarily concerned with the physical aspects of their work, texts written in the first decades of the twentieth century suggest that journalists and writers generally looked at the more surprising and entertaining side of fakirs’ actions. Finally, the paper suggests why Romanian press lost interest in Indian ascetics after the 1940s.
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Skripnikova, T. P., M. V. Khrebor, Ju I. Sylenko, and O. A. Pisarenko. "THE CLINICAL CONFERENCE AS GUIDANCE TO FORMING INTERNS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES DURING FORMATION IN THE UMSA’S DEPARTMENT OF POSTGRADUATED EDUCATION OF DENTISTS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 3 (September 4, 2018): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.3.2018.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over 25 years the staff of the department of postgraduate education of dentists of the "UMSA" has been preparing the interns. The formation of independent clinical thinking in youth specialists, the ability to systematize, analyze and apply both traditional and newest methods of dental pathology diagnosis and treatment are key issues of education process.
 As suggests long experience, the conduction of clinical conferences is an effective method of combining theoretical and practical training of specialists. Such kind of independent work includes direct work with the patient, search of modern scientific and practical information, introduction of new methods and technologies of treatment, analysis of the results of treatment, physician-patient and health team communication, writing abstracts, articles, which allows to develop the practical skills more qualitatively. The individual approach to the patient is the most important part of clinical work.
 We aimed to survey the clinical conference’s role in formation of professional competencies at the internship education.
 From the time of foundation and till now the department’s executives regularly handles clinical conferences. Under the leading of teachers, interns are involved in research works based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. During research and treatment, they prefer to use modern methods of clinical and laboratory diagnostics and treatment. Interns have opportunity to be engaged in the research work of the department or into individual research work.
 The preparation of the report involves the presentation, which should represent the relevance of the problem, based on the data of literary sources in the last 5-10 years, the purpose of the study, materials and methods of research, analysis of the results, conclusions. Next must be presented in the clinical case - the purpose of the study, the etiological factors, the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnostic methods, differential diagnosis, modern classifications, clinical symptoms, methods of treatment and the prognosis of the disease.
 The clinical cases allow interns to profoundly work material out, apply knowledge from interrelated specialties, learn new experiences, try to avoid mistakes and wrong actions, make the right decisions after the example of medical errors that have been identified. During the examination of the patient the knowledge of internal diseases, the pathophysiological substantiation of the symptoms, the use of paraclinical examination methods in the structure of the diagnostic algorithm and the development of the correct tactical and therapeutic approach to the patient are updated. The speaker is appointed to report.
 His task is to systematize the material in the final presentation. The main methodological feature of a clinical conference is not only the active participation of interns preparing the report, but also interaction with students. After the report the discussion of the presented material took place, when each recipient can ask questions and participate the discussion on issues. During the discussion, an in-depth discussion of the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a specific disease is possible.
 A properly constructed report and discussion allows interns to memorize the material better, induces further research and work on investigation the problem, since such a range of issues, associations, logical constructions should arise from the doctor in his day to day work. Thus, a weighed combination of different methods and forms of training, complement it with modern innovations and technical capabilities - the way to the formation of specialists with the necessary competencies. The clinical conferences are effective method of theoretical training and acquiring practical skills by interns and way to be involved in communication in the medical society.
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Ongtengco, Ana, Kevin Roy, Liang Zhang, and Jessie Chin. "An Explorative Longitudinal Study on the Five-Year Patient Portal Use among an Underserved Patient Population." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 8, no. 1 (2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857919081035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the study was to identify and assess multiple aspects of patient portal usage behavior in an underserved urban patient population. Given the rise of patient-centered care, patients are required to take active roles to gather health information, make informed health decisions and manage their own healthcare, which behavior were associated with health outcome (Barry & Edgman-Levitan, 2012; Oates, Weston & Jordan, 2000). Patient portals serve as a mean to coordinate patient-centered care by delivering health information to patients (e.g. medical test results), exchanging information with healthcare providers (e.g., messaging providers), and facilitating the delivery of health care services (e.g., scheduling appointments). However, studies often showed that patients in underserved communities did not take full advantages of the patient portals (e.g,. Cazaja et al., 2015, Wallace et al., 2016). These disparities in patient portal usages were associated with many factors, including the complexities of the American healthcare system, lack of internet access, lack of support to navigate through the health systems, and the lack of health literacy among an underserved adult population. To better understand the current use of patient portal of an underserved patient population, we conducted an explorative analysis of portal usage at the University of Illinois Hospitals and Health Sciences System (UIHealth). UIHealth serves throughout the city of Chicago, including areas with high racial segregation (minority population higher than 75%), where patients’ household income is lower than the median of Chicago residents. The majority of patient populations in UIHealth are African Americans (61%) followed by Hispanic/Latino (17%) and White (17%). The study was conducted using a retrospective analysis of Google Analytics portal data from March 2015 to March 2019. User behavior data were extracted to show aspects of usage, including most popular portal functions, language used, time spent on each page, and returning user visits, etc. We used weekly summary data as individual data points (208 data points in total) in the analysis. We found that, over four years, both retuning and new users increased by more than 50%. Regarding the number of users per week, there were local drops in the overall growth which drops were associated with fewer visits to UIHealth during holidays or cold weather. Hence, portal visits were associated with clinic visits. With regards to the most popular functions, writing messages to healthcare providers and viewing medical test results were the most used functions over the years. Results suggested that patients would utilize portal to gather information about their health status (for later discussion with physicians or making informed decisions) and communicate with healthcare providers. Interestingly, we found the dominant devices used to access the portal have shifted from desktop computers (2015-2017) to mobile phones (2017-2019), suggesting the increasing need to present health information in bitable size in smaller screens; and the increasing smartphone adoptions of underserved adults as an alternative solution to get internet access. Overall, improving the accessibility of patient portals remains to be a major issue for empowering patients in contemporary value-based healthcare systems. The explorative study has shed lights on the longitudinal trends of portal usage among an underserved population, which creates practical implications on the design of a more efficient interface between patients and their healthcare providers with the ultimate goal to improve health equity.
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Tadié, Alexis. "Knowledge and the Picturesque: Encountering Syria in the Eighteenth Century." Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, August 25, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-0208.12904.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis essay looks at the West's engagement with Syria in the eighteenth century, through the writings of travellers and through the history of the publications they brought back from their travels. It argues that these publications provoked a rethinking of various tropes in the description of the Levant, helping to define attitudes to ruins as well as providing a model for thinking about the customs of the inhabitants of that part of the world. It shows the growing awareness for knowledge about the province. It looks in particular at the place of Palmyra through the writings of Wood and Volney and of Aleppo through the Natural History of Aleppo, written by the Russell brothers, who were both physicians and naturalists and who studied the effects of the plague in Aleppo.