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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Phylogeography"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Phylogeography"

Domínguez-Domínguez, D., e E. Vázquez– Domínguez. "Filogeografía: aplicaciones en taxonomía y conservación". Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 32, n. 1 (2009): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2009.32.0059.

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Phylogeography: applications in taxonomy and conservation. Phylogeography is defined as the discipline that studies the principles and processes that determine the geographical distribution of genealogical lineages. Two of the study areas where phylogeographic approaches are used more and more frequently are taxonomy and conservation. In this review we first present a general description of phylogeography and then discuss how research in taxonomy and conservation has been addressed when using phylogeographic approaches, emphasising in particular the limitations that need to be considered. We include relevant examples of studies with animals in order to help readers acquire the sense and scope of such applications and select the appropriate study design to meet these objectives.

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Zamudio, Kelly R., Rayna C. Bell e Nicholas A. Mason. "Phenotypes in phylogeography: Species’ traits, environmental variation, and vertebrate diversification". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 29 (18 luglio 2016): 8041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602237113.

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Almost 30 y ago, the field of intraspecific phylogeography laid the foundation for spatially explicit and genealogically informed studies of population divergence. With new methods and markers, the focus in phylogeography shifted to previously unrecognized geographic genetic variation, thus reducing the attention paid to phenotypic variation in those same diverging lineages. Although phenotypic differences among lineages once provided the main data for studies of evolutionary change, the mechanisms shaping phenotypic differentiation and their integration with intraspecific genetic structure have been underexplored in phylogeographic studies. However, phenotypes are targets of selection and play important roles in species performance, recognition, and diversification. Here, we focus on three questions. First, how can phenotypes elucidate mechanisms underlying concordant or idiosyncratic responses of vertebrate species evolving in shared landscapes? Second, what mechanisms underlie the concordance or discordance of phenotypic and phylogeographic differentiation? Third, how can phylogeography contribute to our understanding of functional phenotypic evolution? We demonstrate that the integration of phenotypic data extends the reach of phylogeography to explain the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Finally, we stress the importance of natural history collections as sources of high-quality phenotypic data that span temporal and spatial axes.

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Edwards, Scott V., Sally Potter, C. Jonathan Schmitt, Jason G. Bragg e Craig Moritz. "Reticulation, divergence, and the phylogeography–phylogenetics continuum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 29 (18 luglio 2016): 8025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601066113.

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Phylogeography, and its extensions into comparative phylogeography, have their roots in the layering of gene trees across geography, a paradigm that was greatly facilitated by the nonrecombining, fast evolution provided by animal mtDNA. As phylogeography moves into the era of next-generation sequencing, the specter of reticulation at several levels—within loci and genomes in the form of recombination and across populations and species in the form of introgression—has raised its head with a prominence even greater than glimpsed during the nuclear gene PCR era. Here we explore the theme of reticulation in comparative phylogeography, speciation analysis, and phylogenomics, and ask how the centrality of gene trees has fared in the next-generation era. To frame these issues, we first provide a snapshot of multilocus phylogeographic studies across the Carpentarian Barrier, a prominent biogeographic barrier dividing faunas spanning the monsoon tropics in northern Australia. We find that divergence across this barrier is evident in most species, but is heterogeneous in time and demographic history, often reflecting the taxonomic distinctness of lineages spanning it. We then discuss a variety of forces generating reticulate patterns in phylogeography, including introgression, contact zones, and the potential selection-driven outliers on next-generation molecular markers. We emphasize the continued need for demographic models incorporating reticulation at the level of genomes and populations, and conclude that gene trees, whether explicit or implicit, should continue to play a role in the future of phylogeography.

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Temirbayeva, K. "Biogeography and phylogeography". Journal of Geography and Environmental Management 44, n. 1 (2017): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2017.1.349.

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Papadopoulou, Anna, e L. Lacey Knowles. "Toward a paradigm shift in comparative phylogeography driven by trait-based hypotheses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 29 (18 luglio 2016): 8018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601069113.

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For three decades, comparative phylogeography has conceptually and methodologically relied on the concordance criterion for providing insights into the historical/biogeographic processes driving population genetic structure and divergence. Here we discuss how this emphasis, and the corresponding lack of methods for extracting information about biotic/intrinsic contributions to patterns of genetic variation, may bias our general understanding of the factors driving genetic structure. Specifically, this emphasis has promoted a tendency to attribute discordant phylogeographic patterns to the idiosyncracies of history, as well as an adherence to generic null expectations of concordance with reduced predictive power. We advocate that it is time for a paradigm shift in comparative phylogeography, especially given the limited utility of the concordance criterion as genomic data provide ever-increasing levels of resolution. Instead of adhering to the concordance-discordance dichotomy, comparative phylogeography needs to emphasize the contribution of taxon-specific traits that will determine whether concordance is a meaningful criterion for evaluating hypotheses or may predict discordant phylogeographic structure. Through reference to some case studies we illustrate how refined hypotheses based on taxon-specific traits can provide improved predictive frameworks to forecast species responses to climatic change or biogeographic barriers while gaining unique insights about the taxa themselves and their interactions with their environment. We outline a potential avenue toward a synthetic comparative phylogeographic paradigm that includes addressing some important conceptual and methodological challenges related to study design and application of model-based approaches for evaluating support of trait-based hypotheses under the proposed paradigm.

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Bowen, Brian W., Michelle R. Gaither, Joseph D. DiBattista, Matthew Iacchei, Kimberly R. Andrews, W. Stewart Grant, Robert J. Toonen e John C. Briggs. "Comparative phylogeography of the ocean planet". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 29 (18 luglio 2016): 7962–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602404113.

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Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here, we examine phylogeographic partitions in the sea against a backdrop of biogeographic provinces defined by taxonomy, endemism, and species composition. The taxonomic identities used to define biogeographic provinces are routinely accompanied by diagnostic genetic differences between sister species, indicating interspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. In cases where individual species are distributed across two or more biogeographic provinces, shifts in genotype frequencies often align with biogeographic boundaries, providing intraspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. Here, we provide examples of comparative phylogeography from (i) tropical seas that host the highest marine biodiversity, (ii) temperate seas with high productivity but volatile coastlines, (iii) migratory marine fauna, and (iv) plankton that are the most abundant eukaryotes on earth. Tropical and temperate zones both show impacts of glacial cycles, the former primarily through changing sea levels, and the latter through coastal habitat disruption. The general concordance between biogeography and phylogeography indicates that the population-level genetic divergences observed between provinces are a starting point for macroevolutionary divergences between species. However, isolation between provinces does not account for all marine biodiversity; the remainder arises through alternative pathways, such as ecological speciation and parapatric (semiisolated) divergences within provinces and biodiversity hotspots.

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Kidd, David M., e Michael G. Ritchie. "Phylogeographic information systems: putting the geography into phylogeography". Journal of Biogeography 33, n. 11 (novembre 2006): 1851–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01574.x.

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Byrne, M. "Phylogeography provides an evolutionary context for the conservation of a diverse and ancient flora". Australian Journal of Botany 55, n. 3 (2007): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06072.

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Phylogeography can inform conservation strategies through assessment of genetic diversity that incorporates an evolutionary perspective, and allows evaluation within a geographical context, thus providing integration with other biogeographical information. Comparative phylogeography can identify significant historical processes that have had major influences on the biota and provides a historical context for understanding current species distributions. The phylogeographic patterns in the flora of south-western Australia are reviewed. Concordant patterns of lineage divergence in three unrelated taxa from separate families with widespread distributions indicate a common response to major historical processes involved in Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Identification of highly divergent haplotypes in some species indicates areas that may represent refugia during times of climatic instability. Analysis of phylogeographic patterns in the flora of south-western Australia has revealed the influence of historical climate change in promoting high phylogenetic diversity within species that is comparable to the high species diversity that is well known in the Western Australian flora. Knowledge of historical influences and species responses provides an evolutionary context for conservation management strategies that facilitate the continued action of dynamic evolutionary processes.

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PAUČULOVÁ, LENKA, MAROŠ DZURINKA, MARTINA ŠEMELÁKOVÁ, ALEXANDER CSANÁDY e ĽUBOMÍR PANIGAJ. "Phylogeography, genetic structure and wing pattern variation of Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Europe". Zootaxa 4441, n. 2 (27 giugno 2018): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.2.5.

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The distribution of genetic diversity within Erebia pronoe (Esper, 1780) populations in relation to biogeographic ranges is essential for understanding the processes of evolution, speciation and phylogeography in this species. A certain degree of genetic variability was expected because of the species’ linkage solely to calcareous soils. These ideas were focused on the water ringlet E. pronoe, a European endemic montane butterfly distributed over a narrow area of mountains, with its occurrence dependent on nutrient plants. Therefore, the origin, occurrence, phylogeography and variability are described in defined mountain localities in Europe in the light of glaciation events that occurred during the Quaternary (Pleistocene) period. The species’ phylogeography is based on a combination of two mitochondrial genes (COI, CR) and morphology (wing morphometry). The study comprised samples from the Western Carpathians, Pyrenees, Alps, South-Eastern Carpathians (Romania) and Southern Limestone Alps (Slovenia). Moreover, the species’ remarkable phylogeographic structure was observed, including four morphologic lineages and divergent genetic lineages. These lineages cover the Carpathian Mountains as well as the Western European mountains (Spanish populations) with no apparent gene flow between most regions, even across distances of only hundreds of kilometres.

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Peter Linder, H. "Phylogeography". Journal of Biogeography 44, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2017): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12958.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Phylogeography"

Montano-Rendon, Mauricio. "Phylogeography of littorinid snails". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13328/.

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Interactions between evolutionary forces such as natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow are complex. Natural selection can lead to parallel formation of phenotypes under similar environmental conditions. Phylogenetic relationships can be inferred from the accumulation of genetic variation caused by genetic drift, regardless of phenotypes. Gene flow between populations can sometimes facilitate the formation of species by natural selection. In this thesis, two groups of marine snails in the diverse subfamily Littorininae were studied. The three rocky-shore species Littorina saxatilis, Littorina arcana and Littorina compressa form one such group, whereas the two sister-species Littoraria cingulata and Littoraria filosa form the other group. Previous studies of the L. saxatilis complex have shown high levels of phenotypic and genetic diversity both at local and broader scales. Previous studies of L. cingulata and L. filosa have found some of the typical signatures of reinforcement. Chapters II and III focused on analysing morphological and genetic variation, respectively, within and among species in the Littorina saxatilis complex from the British Isles. Geometric morphometrics analyses revealed a diversity of shell shape among species, but especially so within L. saxatilis. Shell shape was better explained by environment rather than by geography. Molecular data obtained by high-throughput targeted capture showed the opposite pattern, i.e. genetic variation showed a strong phylogeographic pattern. Chapter IV focused on testing whether reinforcement had contributed towards speciation between Littoraria cingulata and Littoraria filosa. Approximate Bayesian computation analysis supported absence of gene flow between the species in sympatry, suggesting that reinforcement did not contribute towards speciation. However, the results need to be validated and more complex models tested. This thesis highlights the relevance of marine snails in the subfamily Littorininae as model species for addressing a wide range of evolutionary questions. It also provides a wealth of data for many potential follow-up studies.

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Haughey, Michael D. "Phylogeography of the Spring Salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus: Historic and Contemporary River System's Influence on Phylogeographic History". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1422367075.

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Rönkä, N. (Nelli). "Phylogeography and conservation genetics of waders". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526211633.

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Abstract Many waders are in decline, and the number of endangered species and populations is increasing. Their protection and management requires knowledge of both ecological and genetic state of the populations. In this thesis, I studied the distribution-wide genetic variation, structure and phylogeography of the Temminck’s Stint (Calidris temminckii) and Terek Sandpiper (Xenus cinereus) using microsatellites and sequence data from the mitochondrial control region and cytochrome oxidase I gene. I compared these regionally endangered species to other waders with varying evolutionary histories, breeding systems and habitat preferences to examine the levels of genetic variation and structure at different spatial scales. In addition, I studied the genetic structure of the endangered Baltic population of the Southern Dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) with microsatellites. I used genetic information in all three study species to determine units for conservation. The Temminck’s Stint and Terek Sandpiper, both not restricted to the Arctic, had low distribution-wide structuring. They also had quite low levels of variation when compared to other species breeding at similar latitudes, indicating reductions in population sizes during past climate changes. Especially the peripheral breeding populations were differentiated and showed signs of inbreeding and genetic drift when compared to the main range. The Temminck’s Stint populations at the Bothnian Bay and Yakutia, and Terek Sandpiper populations in Finland and Belarus, should be treated as separate management units. The broader interspecific comparison of waders suggests that habitat availability, mating system and the extent of philopatry may affect the genetic composition of species. The genetic analyses of the Southern Dunlin indicated strong effects of philopatry and inbreeding throughout the range. Local subpopulations at the Bothnian Bay and in Sweden need to be considered as separate management units. Management efforts at the Baltic should be focused on increasing connectivity and providing large enough breeding habitats for potential immigrants and recruits
Tiivistelmä Useat kahlaajapopulaatiot ovat pienentyneet ja uhanalaistuneet maailmanlaajuisesti. Lajien ja populaatioiden ekologiaa ja genetiikkaa on tunnettava, jotta suojelutoimia voidaan kohdistaa oikein. Tutkin väitöskirjassani lapinsirrin (Calidris temminckii) ja rantakurvin (Xenus cinereus) geneettistä rakennetta, muuntelua ja fylogeografiaa levinneisyysalueen laajuisesti mikrosatelliittien ja mitokondrion kontrollialueen ja sytokromioksidaasi I -geenin sekvenssien avulla. Tutkin, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat geneettisen rakenteeseen ja muunteluun vertaamalla näitä lajeja muihin kahlaajiin, joilla on erilaisia lisääntymisstrategioita, jotka pesivät vaihtelevissa ympäristöissä ja joista monet eroavat toisistaan myös fylogeografialtaan. Lisäksi tutkin Itämeren rannalla pesivän etelänsuosirrin (Calidris alpina schinzii) geneettistä populaatiorakennetta mikrosatelliittien avulla. Käytin geneettistä tietoa hyväksi luonnonsuojeluyksikköjen määrittämisessä kaikille kolmelle tutkimuslajilleni. Lapinsirrin ja rantakurvin fylogeografinen historia oli samankaltainen. Geneettisen muuntelun määrä oli vähäisempää verrattuna muihin, samankaltaisissa ympäristöissä pesiviin kahlaajiin. Molemmat lajit ovat todennäköisesti kärsineet historiallisten ilmaston-muutosten aiheuttamasta populaatioiden pienenemisestä. Erityisesti levinneisyysalueen reunoilla pesivät populaatiot olivat erilaistuneita, ja niissä näkyi sukusiitoksen ja geneettisen satunnaisajautumisen merkkejä. Perämeren ja Jakutian lapinsirri- sekä Valko-Venäjän ja Suomen rantakurvipopulaatioita tulee kohdella erillisinä suojeluyksiköinään. Vertailu muihin kahlaajiin osoitti, että niin pesimä- ja talvehtimisalueiden laajuus kuin lisääntymisstrategiat ja paikkauskollisuus voivat vaikuttaa lajien geneettiseen koostumukseen. Etelänsuosirrin geneettiset analyysit paljastivat merkkejä sukusiitoksesta, joita paikkauskollisuus ja populaatioiden pienuus ovat voimistaneet. Perämeren ja Ruotsin populaatioita tulee kohdella erillisinä suojeluyksiköinään. Suojelutoimet on kohdistettava tarpeeksi suurien, hyvälaatuisten pesimäpaikkaverkostojen ylläpitämiseen

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Kvist, L. (Laura). "Phylogeny and phylogeography of European Parids". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514255364.

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Abstract Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to study the phylogeny, population structure and colonisation history of Parus species. The phylogenetic relationships of seven European and three American species were examined by sequencing a part of the cytochrome b gene. Phylogenetically the closest species were the great tit (Parus major) and the blue tit (P. caeruleus). Subgenus Poecile was divided into two clades, one consisting of the Siberian tit (P. cinctus), the Carolina chickadee (P. carolinensis) and the Black-capped chickadee (P. atricapillus) and the other consisting of the marsh tit (P. palustris) and the willow tit (P. montanus). The coal tit (P. ater) and the crested tit (P. cristatus) did not group with any of the species studied. The population structure and the colonisation history of the willow tit, the great tit and the blue tit were examined by using control region sequences. The results suggest that the historical effective population size in the willow tit has been large and not contracted by the last ice age. Current gene flow must also be extensive as no population structuring was detected. No population structuring was evident either in the great tit and the populations showed distinctive signs of a recent population expansion. The patterns of genetic variation probably reflect a population bottleneck during the ice age, and a recolonisation of the European continent thereafter, presumably from a refugium situated in the Balkans. Two maternal lineages were found in the blue tit. The southern lineage was restricted to the Iberian peninsula whereas the northern lineage was detected from all the populations. The colonisation history has been similar to the one suggested for the great tit. The southern lineage, however, may have survived the ice age in a different refugium in the Iberian peninsula and was not as successful as the northern lineage in colonising available regions when the ice retreated. Both, the blue tit and the great tit have continued to expand their distribution northwards during this century and gene flow plays an important role in homogenising the populations.

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Kuo, Hao-Chi. "Phylogeography and diversification of Taiwanese bats". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8493.

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Gene flow is a central evolutionary force that largely determines the level of differentiation among populations of organisms and thus their potential for divergence from each other. Identifying key factors that influence gene flow among populations or closely related taxa can thus provide valuable insights into how new species arise and are maintained. I undertook a comparative study of the factors that have shaped range-wide intraspecific differentiation in four related and broadly co-distributed Taiwanese bat species of the genera Murina and Kerivoula. Bats were sampled from sites across Taiwan and sequenced at two mitochondrial genes as well as genotyped at newly developed and/or existing multi-locus microsatellite markers. To improve phylogeographic inference of existing patterns of population genetic structure, I undertook spatial distribution modeling of the focal species at both the present time and at the Last Glacial Maximum. Genetic data were analysed using traditional and new methods, including Bayesian clustering, coalescent-based estimation of gene flow, and haplotype network reconstruction. My findings revealed contrasting signatures of population subdivision and demographic expansion that appear in part to reflect differences in the altitudinal ranges of the focal taxa. Mitochondrial analyses also revealed a putative sister relationship between two of the Taiwanese endemic taxa - M. gracilis and M. recondita, which - given the fact both are restricted to Taiwan - presents an unusual case of potential non-allopatric divergence. To dissect this divergence process in more detail, I used 454-Pyrosequencing to obtain ten nuclear loci sequences of these two taxa, and a third taxon from mainland Asia, M. eleryi. Based on these loci, Bayesian isolation-migration models provided no strong evidence of post-split gene flow and, therefore, did not support speciation within Taiwan. Instead, the divergence process reconstructed from ncDNA loci was found to be incompatible with the mtDNA tree, with M. recondita showing a sister relationship with M. eleryi. This conflict is best explained by the ancient introgression of mtDNA between the two insular species following their colonization of Taiwan at different times.

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Darrock, David John. "Phylogeography of two lusitanian sea stars". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55099/.

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The first comprehensive genetic study of North East Atlantic and Mediterranean sea stars, Asterina gibbosa and Asterina phylactica, is presented here, based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) data. MtDNA analysis revealed that the two putative species are distinct however there is incomplete lineage sorting, with the two most common haplotypes being shared across both species. MtDNA revealed low divergence between populations especially among most Atlantic populations, with no significant differentiation between the two basins. Although, both species possessed private haplotypes within both basins, the most common haplotype within both species is found throughout the entire geographical range of both species. Two mitchondrial haplogroups were identified, both of which showed evidence for a population expansion, occurring during the Pleistocene epoch. Haplogroup 1 was dominated by A. gibbosa (88%) whereas haplogroup 2 was dominated by A. phylactica (84%). The mtDNA results tentatively suggest that one Asterina population may descend from a population that survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in one or more northern refugium. The AFLP data showed that A. gibbosa and A. phylactica are genetically distinct, with no apparent hybridization between species, with the possible exception of a single individual found at Rovinj, Croatia which was identified as being an A. phylactica individual at the time of sampling, but the allocation test assigned it to the Naples, Italy, A. gibbosa population. This could be the result of introgression or the individual could have been incorrectly classified as A. phylactica at the time of sampling. The AFLP data showed that there is gene flow occurring but it appears to be restricted, particularly within the Mediterranean basin, with no apparent gene flow occurring between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. There was no evidence with either marker to conclude that the brooding behaviour of A. phylactica provides a different pattern of genetic diversity within populations or differentiation between populations to the crawl away behaviour of A. gibbosa. The analysis suggests that gene flow is slightly more restricted for A. phylactica than A. gibbosa and, for A. gibbosa, it is more restricted in the Mediterranean than the Atlantic. The study identifies both A. phylactica and A. gibbosa populations that would be suitable to receive conservation status, based upon their unique genetic characteristics.

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Martinez, Araneda Camila. "Plant phylogeography in southern South America". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5041.

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This thesis is a phylogeographic investigation into plant species from Patagonia, and aims to infer their past distributions from the study of genealogical lineages. These species have gone through several events such as glacial periods, volcanism and topographical change which are expected to contribute to the divergence of genetic lineages by shaping distributions, isolating populations and therefore changing their genetic structure. So understanding how these processes have affected populations is important to get information on how the biodiversity in the region has been assembled, to identify hotspots of intra-specific diversity and therefore to establish potential conservation priorities. Several multi-species phylogeographic studies have been done in the northern hemisphere, but only few are published for South America and even less for the studied area. Patagonia is an area of a great interest because is the only area in the southern hemisphere apart from Antarctica that have been covered buy a thick layer of ice within the glacial periods. It has high levels of endemism, due to its natural boundaries and environmental processes, and is a biodiversity hotspot for conservation. Its varied topography (two big mountain ranges with a north-south distribution divided by a low flat area) also makes Patagonia interesting to study, due to the likelihood of this impacting on phylogeographic patterns. This study encompass seven different Patagonian species of which one is a range restricted conifer and the rest are all angiosperms and include trees, shrubs and herbs with a broad distributions. The reason why I have chosen so many different species is to look for general phylogeographic patterns in species in this region. The thesis was constructed in five chapters. The first is an introductory chapter that provides background to the study system and concepts. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 are empirical phylogeographic studies. These are written as self-contained chapters with the intention that each will be submitted as a separate paper. This leads to some repetition between chapters, but this is intentional as each will need to ‘stand alone’ when submitted for publication. Chapter 2 is a general investigation into five different Patagonian plant species: Discaria chacaye, Donatia fascicularis, Escallonia virgata, Tepualia stipularis and Weinmannia trichosperma. Chapter 3 describes the phylogeographic structure of Gentianella magellanica an annual, cold tolerant species with a wide distribution throughout Patagonia. This species was treated separately and in more detail than the previous five species due to its marked phylogeographic structure. Chapter 4 describes the phylogeographic structure of a Chilean endemic conifer Prumnopitys andina. This has a small distribution in the Andes and only one known population in the coastal cordillera. It was treated separately due to its restricted distribution and different mode of chloroplast inheritance (paternal). Chapter 5, is a general summary, bring all of the results together and giving a wider explanation of the phylogeographic patterns for all species and an outline of future research areas.

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Maddock, S. T. "Systematics and phylogeography of Seychelles amphibians". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1476198/.

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This thesis investigates evolutionary patterns of variation in endemic amphibians from the Seychelles archipelago. Focal groups include the treefrog (Tachycnemis seychellensis), and a radiation of caecilians in three genera (Grandisonia, Hypogeophis and Praslinia), and attempts to place these into a phylogenetic context. The introduction (Chapter 1) discusses the importance of islands in the study of evolution and examines patterns of intraspecific variation that have been reported in other Seychelles organisms. Chapter 2 provides the first intraspecific molecular study of the monotypic Seychelles treefrog Tachycnemis, implementing a species tree approach in order to investigate its relationship with its closest living relatives (Heterixalus) from Madagascar and test whether its ancestor colonised the Seychelles via overseas dispersal. Chapters 3 and 4 explore variation in the six species of Seychelles caecilian, all of which overlap in range on at least one island. To assess within- and among-island intraspecific variation in these subterranean amphibians, Chapter 3 uses genetic data from both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, while Chapter 4 uses morphometric and meristic data. Differing patterns of geographic structure was observed among the caecilian species. The final two data chapters analyse species-level relationships among the Seychelles caecilians. Chapter 5 utilises Next Generation Sequencing to obtain mitogenomic data, and multiple approaches to infer phylogeny, and the effectiveness of alternative methods are evaluated. Chapter 6 attempts to resolve relationships of the island caecilians using 11 nuclear loci and multiple methods of phylogenetic inference. Chapter 7 discusses how the thesis has increased knowledge of the study taxa and of the evolution of amphibians on islands, particularly the Seychelles.

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Last, Mariana P. "Intraspecific Phylogeography of Cycladenia humilis (Apocynaceae)". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2287.

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Cycladenia humilis (Apocynaceae) is a rare perennial herb native to western North America and has a fragmented distribution in California, Utah, and Arizona. Populations in Utah and Arizona are federally listed as threatened, while there is no conservation status applied to California populations. Using genetic (three chloroplast and two nuclear DNA loci) and morphological characters, intraspecific variation between populations of C. humilis and current taxonomic conventions were assessed. Nested Clade Phylogeographic Analysis and Bayesian phylogenies were used to assess patterns within C. humilis and supported three main population groupings: a northern California, southern California, and Colorado Plateau group. The northern California populations represent a distinct group and include populations from the Santa Lucia Mountains contrary to current classifications. The southern California group consistently includes populations in the San Gabriel and Inyo Mountains and was unique from any other region. The Colorado Plateau represents a group distinct from all other groups. The resilience of C. humilis on the Colorado Plateau to human threats remains unknown, but based on its frequency being comparable to California and our findings that considerable genetic variation exists within the species and within populations on the Colorado Plateau, we recommend that the threatened status of C. humilis be lifted.

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Sole, Catherine Lynne. "Phylogeography of Scarabaeus (Pachysoma) macleay (Scarabaidae : scarabaeinae)". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01302006-123900.

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Libri sul tema "Phylogeography"

Hu, Zi-Min, e Ceridwen Fraser, a cura di. Seaweed Phylogeography. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2.

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Weiss, Steven, e Nuno Ferrand, a cura di. Phylogeography of Southern European Refugia. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4904-8.

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Thorsten, Assmann, e SpringerLink (Online service), a cura di. Relict Species: Phylogeography and Conservation Biology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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Charles, Lydeard, e Lindberg David R. 1948-, a cura di. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of mollusks. Washington [D.C.]: Smithsonian Books, 2003.

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Ochando, M. D. Phylogeography: It's importance in insect pest control. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, 2011.

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S, Rutgers Damien, a cura di. Phylogeography: Concepts, intraspecific patterns, and speciation processes. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Helgren, David M., e Robert J. Sager. World Geography Today: Student text. Austin, TX: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2005.

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Apodaca, María José. Andean origin and diversification of the genus Perezia, an ancient lineage of Asteraceae. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2015.

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Marshall, H. Dawn. Molecular evolution and phylogeography of common chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.

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Buehler, Deborah M. Phylogeography and genetic diversity in red knots (Calidris canutus). Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Phylogeography"

Hu, Zi-Min, De-Lin Duan e Juan Lopez-Bautista. "Seaweed Phylogeography from 1994 to 2014: An Overview". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 3–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_1.

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Guillemin, Marie-Laure, Myriam Valero, Florence Tellier, Erasmo C. Macaya, Christophe Destombe e Sylvain Faugeron. "Phylogeography of Seaweeds in the South East Pacific: Complex Evolutionary Processes Along a Latitudinal Gradient". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 251–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_10.

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Neiva, João, Ester A. Serrão, Jorge Assis, Gareth A. Pearson, James A. Coyer, Jeanine L. Olsen, Galice Hoarau e Myriam Valero. "Climate Oscillations, Range Shifts and Phylogeographic Patterns of North Atlantic Fucaceae". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 279–308. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_11.

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Li, Jing-Jing, Zi-Min Hu e De-Lin Duan. "Survival in Glacial Refugia Versus Postglacial Dispersal in the North Atlantic: The Cases of Red Seaweeds". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 309–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_12.

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Korpelainen, Helena. "Comparative Population Genetics of Red Alga Occupying Different Salinity Conditions". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 331–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_13.

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Shimada, Satoshi, Kensuke Ichihara, Yuka Masakiyo, Riko Kawaguchi e Norio Kikuchi. "Phylogeography of Macroalgal Species Distributed in Brackish Water: Ulva prolifera (Ulvophyceae) and Pyropia tenera (Bangiophyceae)". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 345–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_14.

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Wilson, Laura J., Xénia A. Weber, Tania M. King e Ceridwen I. Fraser. "DNA Extraction Techniques for Genomic Analyses of Macroalgae". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 363–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_15.

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Grant, W. Stewart. "Paradigm Shifts in the Phylogeographic Analysis of Seaweeds". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 23–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_2.

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Straub, Sandra C., Mads Solgaard Thomsen e Thomas Wernberg. "The Dynamic Biogeography of the Anthropocene: The Speed of Recent Range Shifts in Seaweeds". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 63–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_3.

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Macaya, Erasmo C., Boris López, Fadia Tala, Florence Tellier e Martin Thiel. "Float and Raft: Role of Buoyant Seaweeds in the Phylogeography and Genetic Structure of Non-buoyant Associated Flora". In Seaweed Phylogeography, 97–130. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7534-2_4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Phylogeography"

Greenan, Taylor. "Phylogeography ofLigiaisopods in South Africa". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115493.

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Ober, Karen Ann. "Phylogeography of trogolobitic beetles in Appalachia". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111609.

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Tseng, Shu-Ping. "Phylogeography of the invasive longhorn crazy ant, Paratrechina longicornis". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94406.

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Bon, Marie-Claude. "Phylogeography of a wheat pest (Cephus cinctus)revisited: Management implications". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.110375.

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Rahman, Md Mamunur. "Phylogeography of weaver ant,Oecophylla smaragdina, in Bangladesh (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112381.

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Halbritter, Dale. "Phylogeography ofNeophasiabutterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) at a major North American ecotone". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115052.

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DUDNIKOV, A. "PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF AEGILOPS TAUSCHII COSS. AS REVEALED BY GOT2 DNA SEQUENCES". In 5TH MOSCOW INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICSAND BIODIVERSITY BIOBANKING". TORUS PRESS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/molphy2018-16.

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Yanahan, Alan D. "Phylogeography ofSynuchus dubius(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Arizona's Madrean Sky Island Archipelago". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113319.

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Sukhdeo, Christie. "Comparative phylogeography of three widespread dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Cameroon". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115257.

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Koshkarov, Aleksandr, Wanlin Li, My-Linh Luu e Nadia Tahiri. "Phylogeography: Analysis of genetic and climatic data of SARS-CoV-2". In Python in Science Conference. SciPy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25080/majora-212e5952-018.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Phylogeography"

Kohrn, Brendan. An Efficient Pipeline for Assaying Whole-Genome Plastid Variation for Population Genetics and Phylogeography. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5891.

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Welch, Brandi. Phylogeography of Two Species of the Genus Apochthonius Chamberlin, 1929, in the Pacific Northwest (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones). Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2728.

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Weitemier, Kevin. Phylogeographic Patterns and Intervarietal Relationships within Lupinus lepidus: Morphological Differences, Genetic Similarities. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.919.

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Pelletier, Tara. Phylogeographic and Phylogenetic Exploration of Plethodon (Plethodontidae, Caudata) Salamanders in the Pacific Northwest. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7462.

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