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1
Patin, Cédric. "prosody of Shingazidja relatives". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (1 gennaio 2010): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.398.
Abstract (sommario):
Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.
2
Mtenje, Al. "On relative clauses and prosodic phrasing in Ciwandya". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55 (1 gennaio 2011): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.55.2011.411.
Abstract (sommario):
The interaction between Syntax and Phonology has been one area of interesting empirical research and theoretical debate in recent years, particularly the question of the extent to which syntactic structure influences phonological phrasing. It has generally been observed that the edges of the major syntactic constituents (XPs) tend to coincide with prosodic phrase boundaries thus resulting in XPs like subject NPs, object NPs, Topic NPs, VPs etc. forming separate phonological phrases. Within Optimality Theoretic (OT) accounts, this fact has been attributed to a number of well-motivated general alignment constraints. Studies on relative clauses in Bantu and other languages have significantly contributed to this area of research inquiry where a number of parametric variations have been observed with regard to prosodic phrasing. In some languages, XPs which are heads of relatives form separate phonological phrases while in others they phrase with the relative clauses. This paper makes a contribution to this topic by discussing the phrasing of relatives in Ciwandya (a Bantu language spoken in Malawi and Tanzania). It shows that XPs which are heads of restrictive relative clauses phrase with their relative verbs, regardless of whether they are subjects, objects or other adjuncts. A variety of syntactic constructions are used to illustrate this fact. The discussion also confirms what has been generally observed in other Bantu languages concerning restrictive relatives with clefts and non-restrictive relative clauses. In both cases, the heads of the relatives phrase separately. The paper adopts an OT analysis which has been well articulated and defended in Cheng & Downing (2007, 2010, to appear) Downing & Mtenje (2010, 2011) to account for these phenomena in Ciwandya.
3
Farrar, William T., e Alan H. Kawamoto. "The Return of “Visiting Relatives”: Pragmatic Effects in Sentence Processing". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 46, n. 3 (agosto 1993): 463–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749308401057.
Abstract (sommario):
Two experiments were performed to investigate the role of syntactic and pragmatic cues on the disambiguation of noun phrases of the form VERB+ing NOUN+s, like visiting relatives, that can be interpreted as either singular or plural noun phrases. Both experiments used a self-paced reading task in which reading times were measured for two words, a verb and an adverb, immediately following the potentially ambiguous noun phrase. The interpretation of the noun phrase as singular or plural was biased by pragmatic cues in the first experiment and by syntactic cues in the second experiment. In both experiments, subjects were faster to read the adverb following the verb when the interpretation biased by the cues agreed in number with the verb that immediately followed the target noun phrase than when it did not agree with the verb. These results suggest that pragmatic cues, like syntactic cues, can be utilized rapidly in sentence processing.
4
Dikken, Marcel den. "Amharic Relatives and Possessives: Definiteness, Agreement, and the Linker". Linguistic Inquiry 38, n. 2 (marzo 2007): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2007.38.2.302.
Abstract (sommario):
Ouhalla's (2004) valuable discussion of relativized and possessed noun phrases in Amharic leaves a number of questions open. Foremost among these is the placement of the linker element yä-. Starting from an analysis of relative clauses and possessors as predicates of their “heads,” this article develops a syntax of complex noun phrases in Amharic that explains the raison d'être and placement of yä-, and also accommodates facts about definiteness marking and agreement in the Amharic complex noun phrase that have hitherto largely escaped attention or analysis. The analysis emphasizes the role of Predicate Inversion and head movement in syntax, and it confirms and extends the minimalist Agree- and phase-based approach to syntactic relationships.
5
HASEGAWA, HIROSHI. "ENGLISH INFINITIVAL RELATIVES AS PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES". ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 15 (1998): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.15.1.
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Corver, Norbert. "Exclamative relatives in vocative noun phrases". Nederlandse Taalkunde 21, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2016): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2016.3.corv.
7
Ndomba, Rodrick G. "Deriving Object Relatives in Kiswahili Determiner Phrases". Utafiti 15, n. 1 (23 giugno 2020): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15010026.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Generally one finds there are shortages in the array of technical resources available to penetrate the morphology of Kiswahili and its similarities to, as well as its departures from, morphemic structures in other Bantu languages. The introduction of a new approach employed here is an attempt to contribute to correcting that deficit. Object relative Determiner Phrases (DPs) in Kiswahili are common noun phrases with the noun head called the object relative appearing in the initial position of the DP. The phrases also have relative words and clitics introducing relative clauses. In Kiswahili these phrases are formed via DP internal movements of the object noun to the highest position coupled with movements of the subject and verb complex. The suggestion here that the object relative moves to the highest position in DP configuration marks a significant departure from other studies. This analysis provides theoretical insights about how these constructions are mapped in the minds of Kiswahili speakers. Refinement of the morpho-syntactic display which is specific to Kiswahili is essential for helping learners of the language to master it correctly. Further research will reveal whether the analysis of the object relative adopted DP can be used to derive similar phrases in other Bantu languages, such as Sesotho, Chishona, Ikalanga, and ciNsenga.
8
Pompei, Anna. "De la classification typologique des phrases relatives en latin classique". Emerita 79, n. 1 (30 giugno 2011): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2011.03.1020.
9
Vietri, Simonetta. "The Indefinite Article and the Restrictive Relative Clause in Italian". Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 11, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1987): 253–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.11.2.02vie.
Abstract (sommario):
Cet article traite des phrases relatives restrictives attachées a un syn-tagme nominal avec déterminant indéfini en italien. Dans une première partie l'on montre que les valeurs "spécifique" et "non-spécifique" de l'article UN dépendent du temps-mode de la relative et ensuite des valeurs tempo-aspectuels du verbe de la phrase principale. L'analyse détaillée des entrées lexicales met en lumière l'existence d'au moins deux classes de verbes qui déterminent, en combinaison avec la relative et le temps-mode, des interprétations différentes de l'article UN.
10
Valetopoulos, Freiderikos, e Efi Lamprou. "Les phrases relatives : la complexité à l’épreuve des corpus d’apprenants". Éla. Études de linguistique appliquée N° 185, n. 1 (2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ela.185.0067.
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Sardier, Anne. "Les phrases préfabriquées des interactions". La phraséologie dans les interactions orales et écrites 45, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2022): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00078.sar.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé Depuis quelques années, les recherches en phraséologie se développent autour de grands corpus oraux et proposent par exemple d’examiner les phrases préfabriquées des interactions. Ces études explorent la préfabrication dans le cadre des interactions orales. Les recherches en phraséologie ont en outre permis le récent développement de la phraséodidactique en langue seconde. Cependant, il existe peu d’investigation de corpus et peu de propositions didactiques relatives aux apprentissages des unités préformées en langue première. La présente contribution entend dès lors s’intéresser aux usages des phrases préfabriquées des interactions par de jeunes locuteurs natifs, afin de contribuer au développement d’une réflexion quant à l’acquisition des phraséologismes en langue première. Le corpus oral sur lequel s’appuient les propositions de l’article est constitué d’interactions de 20 élèves de grande section de l’école maternelle (5–6 ans) dans deux types de situations discursives, pour explorer les emplois des phrases préfabriquées typiques de chacune de ces situations.
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Gola-Asmussen, Céline, e Mireille Bastien-Toniazzo. "Les stratégies de traitement des phrases relatives chez le lecteur débutant". Enfance 55, n. 2 (2003): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/enf.552.0159.
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Emirkanian, Louisette, e Lorne H. Bouchard. "Conception et réalisation de logiciels : vers une plus grande intégration des connaissances de la langue". Revue québécoise de linguistique 16, n. 2 (12 maggio 2009): 189–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602599ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé La souplesse d’adaptation et la puissance de calcul symbolique du micro-ordinateur permettent, d’une part, de créer une véritable interaction avec l’enfant et, d’autre part, de favoriser des activités amenant l’enfant à manipuler la langue et à réfléchir sur son fonctionnement. Ce sont ces deux caractéristiques du micro-ordinateur que nous avons essayé d’exploiter en réalisant des logiciels de français dont le but est d’amener l’enfant à une meilleure maîtrise de la langue écrite. L’un des logiciels porte sur les relatives complexes et a pour objectif de susciter chez l’enfant une réflexion explicite sur le fonctionnement de ces relatives; l’autre génère des phrases avec une erreur morphologique, syntaxique ou sémantique et analyse des phrases contenant des erreurs de même type.
14
Kisseberth, Charles W. "Phrasing and relative clauses in Chimwiini". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (1 gennaio 2010): 109–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.395.
Abstract (sommario):
We focus in this paper on two prosodic phenomena in Chimwiini: vowel length and accent (or High tone). Vowel length is determined in part by a lexical distinction between long and short vowels, and also by various morphophonemic processes that derive long vowels. Accent is penult in the default case, but final under certain morphosyntactic conditions. In order to account for the distribution of vowel length and the location of accents in a Chimwiini sentence, it is necessary to segment sentences into a sequence of phonological phrases. This paper examines the phonological phrasing of both canonical relative clauses and what we refer to as "pseudo-relative" clauses. An account of relative clause phrasing is of critical importance in Chimwiini due to the extensive use of pseudo-relatives in the language. Close examination of the pseudo-relatives reveals that their phrasing is not exactly the same as the phrasing of canonical relative clauses.
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Hilton, J. "The Prosody of Shingazidja Relatives: an update". Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 66 (2021): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5842/62-0-911.
Abstract (sommario):
Much work has been done in recent years on the prosody of relative clauses in Bantu languages (see among others Downing et al. 2010), and this is also the case for Shingazidja, a Bantu language of the Comoros (Patin 2010), for which it has been established that restrictive relatives differ from non-restrictive ones in that the latter, contrary to restrictives, have the relative separated from its head by a prosodic boundary, as in other languages (Cheng & Kula 2006, Cheng & Downing 2007). However, many aspects of the prosody of Shingazidja relatives remain to be established. In particular, the question of whether relatives are in this language aligned with the boundaries of Intonational phrases remained undetermined, as the H% boundary tone that characterizes these prosodic structures when they do not emerge at the end of an utterance (see O'Connor & Patin 2015) is not always observable in the data (Patin 2017). The descriptive exam of a corpus collected in 2009 indicates that a H% boundary tone does emerge at the right boundary of the relative, but that i. this tone is associated with the last surface tone and not with the last vowel, on the one hand, and ii. that it is absent from a restrictive if the restrictive relative is of reduced size, revealing that eurhythmic constraints condition the prosodic structure of these clauses.
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Pasaribu, Megawati, Marice .. e Junita Friska. "LE MODE AUX SUBORDONNÉES RELATIVES DANS LE ROMAN « L’HISTOIRE DE PI » PAR YANN MARTEL". HEXAGONE Jurnal Pendidikan, Linguistik, Budaya dan Sastra Perancis 7, n. 2 (9 ottobre 2018): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/hxg.v7i2.10942.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette recherche a pour but de savoir les pronoms relatifs et les modes aux Subordonnées Relatives qui se trouvent dans le roman L’histoire de Pie. Les théories de cette recherche sont la théorie de Riegel et al (2009) sur le pronom relatif, et la théorie de Menchero (2016) sur les Modes aux Subordonnées Relatives. La méthode utilisée est la méthode descriptive qualitative avec la technique de documentation. Cette recherche utilise le roman « l’Histoire de Pie » par Yann Martel comme les sources de données.Le résultat de la recherche montre qu’il y a les Pronoms Relatifs qui se trouvent dans le roman L’histoire de Pie. Il se divise en deux groupes : Pronoms Relatifs Simples et Pronoms Relatifs Composés. Les Pronoms Relatifs Simples se composent de : le Pronom relatif Qui, Que, Oùet Dont. Tandis que les Pronoms Relatifs Composés se composent de : Le Pronom Relatif Laquelle, Auquel, Lequel, lesquelles, Auxquels, lesquels, et Desquelles. Le Pronom relatif Qui est utilisée plus fréquemment car il a fonction de remplacer le sujet (personne, quelque chose, et animal) qui se trouve dans ce roman mais généralement il remplace le sujet de personnage principale qui a une relation avec le titre de ce roman. Le titre de ce roman sur quelqu’un qui s’appelle Pi Patel. Alors, dans ce roman, il y a beaucoup de phrases qui expliquent l’histoire de sa vie, Tandis que le pronom relatif composé (Auxquels, lesquels, et Desquelles) est utilisé moins fréquent car ce roman raconte sur la vie de Pi Patel, à cause de la, la narration tend à utiliser des phrases simples et quotidiennes. Donc, le pronom relatif a deux fonctions dans ce roman : il remplace le nom (antécédent) dans la deuxième phrase et aussi comme le connecteur de la proposition principale à la proposition subordonnée. Ensuite, Il y a les Modes aux Subordonnées Relatives qui se trouvent dans le roman L’histoire de Pie, qui se composent de quatre groupes : Le Mode Indicatif, Mode Conditionnel, Mode Subjonctif et Mode Infinitif. Le mode Indicatif est utilisé plus fréquemment car il explique des situations réelles de personnage principale qui s’appelle Pi Patel. Cette roman est commencé quand il explique son parcours, ses études de zoologie et de théologie et surtout, introduit le lecteur à son histoire., Tandis que le mode Infinitif est utilisé moins fréquent car en général tous les verbes français doivent être conjugués en fonction de tout temps existant comme présent, passé ou futur. Donc, on emploie plus d’un mode aux Subordonnées Relatives selon les sens qui existent dans la subordonnée relative et tous les modes qui utilisent peut aider les lecteurs à imaginer la nuance ou ce-qui se passe entre des personnages dans ce roman.Mots Clés : pronom relatif, modes aux subordonnées relatives, roman.
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Goldsmith, John, e Jessie Pinkham. "Sur les phrases du type « Elle a de qui tenir »". Revue québécoise de linguistique 15, n. 2 (27 maggio 2009): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602570ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé L’existence des phrases telles que « elle a de qui tenir », où le mot de fait partie d’une expression idiomatique, suggère qu’une position nulle peut apparaître dans certaines positions syntaxiques (par exemple, après certains verbes d’existence) si elles sont suivies par certaines structures qui se comportent comme des relatives à temps non-fini (ici, « de qui tenir »). De telles structures se rencontrent dans d’autres langues romanes. Pourtant, d’autres phrases qui ressemblent à ce premier groupe existent en français (à la différence des autres langues romanes) où le de en question n’est pas la préposition indépendente de, mais plutôt le de qui se trouve au sein du syntagme nominal uniquement en français (par exemple, « elle a de quoi boire »).
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Ferado García, Alma L. "Las cláusulas relativas en francés y su traducción al español: un estudio en la Facultad de Lenguas de la UAEM". Çédille 4 (1 aprile 2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/ced.v4i.5382.
Abstract (sommario):
L’article suivant rend partiellement compte des résultats d’une étude réalisée à la Faculté de Langues de l’Université Autonome de l’État de Mexico (UAEM) sur la description des propositions relatives en français et en espagnol et faisant état de quelques concepts de traduction. L’article s’appuie sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle plus les connaissances en langue et en technique de traduction sont élevées, plus il y a de probabilité de traduire correctement un corpus donné. Pour ce faire, des élèves appartenant à trois niveaux différents de français ont traduit en espagnol un corpus de 15 phrases contenant des propositions relatives en langue cible, en l’occurrence en français.
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HU, SHENAI, ANNA GAVARRÓ e MARIA TERESA GUASTI. "Children's production of head-final relative clauses: The case of Mandarin". Applied Psycholinguistics 37, n. 2 (14 gennaio 2015): 323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716414000587.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTWe explored the acquisition of relative clauses in Mandarin Chinese, a subject–verb–object language with head-final relatives. One hundred and twenty-five children (aged 3 years to 8 years, 11 months) and 20 adults participated in an elicitation task. The results revealed a subject advantage at all ages and a large production of relative clauses with resumptive noun phrases (NPs) across age groups. To further explore the latter finding, we carried out a grammaticality judgment study with 80 adults. We found that relative clauses with resumptive NPs are acceptable in the spoken language for many adult native speakers of Mandarin. This result is at odds with Chinese prescriptive grammar. We propose an analysis of the subject advantage based on the structure intervention expressed as relativized minimality and argue that resumptive NPs are an option in Mandarin relative clauses.
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Arsad, Arsad, e Muhammad Yusnan. "Nilai Moral dalam Novel Hati Suhita Karya Khilma Anis". Sang Pencerah: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton 6, n. 2 (27 agosto 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/pencerah.v6i2.4189.
Abstract (sommario):
The study of this novel uses a literary sociology approach that takes into account the importance or interrelationship between literature and society. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, which means describing words, phrases, sentences and paragraphs contained in the novel. This research is a type of library research because the source of the research is from Novels. The data collection technique used in this study is the reading and note taking technique. From the analysis of the data obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the moral values contained in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis include: a. moral values related to God include being grateful, surrendering, praying, praising the majesty of God, b. Moral values related to oneself include patience, self-confidence, steadfastness in maintaining marwa, never giving up (tough), admitting mistakes, c. Human relations with other humans in the social sphere include parental love for children, affection for friends/relatives, advice between friends/relatives, help, children's affection for parents, courtesy, respect and gratitude.
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Mel’čuk, Igor. "Morphemic and Syntactic Phrasemes". Yearbook of Phraseology 12, n. 1 (25 novembre 2021): 33–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2021-0004.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A morphemic phraseme is a phraseme (= a constrained combination of linguistic signs) composed of morphemes that are part of the same wordform. Like a lexemic phraseme, a morphemic phraseme has a segmental signifier. All logically possible types of morphemic phrasemes are presented and illustrated: morphemic idioms, collocations, nominemes and clichés. Formally, these can be phraseologized complex stems, phraseologized complex affixes and phraseologized wordforms. A syntactic phraseme is a phraseme that includes at least two minimal syntactic subtrees and whose signifier is non-segmental (it involves prosody or an operation). All syntactic phrasemes are idioms. A syntactic idiom must be distinguished from 1) phrases described by means of semantically loaded surface-syntactic relations; 2) phrases consisting of a lexical unit taken together with its actants; 3) lexemic phrasemes consisting of “light-weight” words, such as Rus. ˹nu i˺ [X]! lit. ‘Well and [X]’ = ‘What an amazing X!’, and 4) lexemic phrasemes with syntactic pecularities. The notion of fictitious lexeme, necessary for designating some syntactic idioms (those that are expressed only by prosody), is introduced. An illustrative list of 29 Russian syntactic idioms is presented, as well as the lexical entries for several Russian syntactic idioms.
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Pogibenko, Tamara G. "NICOBARESE LANGUAGES AND OLD KHMER: NOUN PHRASE MARKER TA". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, n. 4 (18) (2021): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2021-4-239-251.
Abstract (sommario):
Nicobarese languages Car and Nancowry, which are modern vernacular languages of the indigenous population of the Nicobar Islands, and Old Khmer — the language of epigraphic inscriptions of 7th–15th A.D, possess a considerable fragment of grammatical system, which coincides in almost every detail. That is functional domain of the marker ta, which has two functions: marker of dependent predications of different types and marker of noun phrases with different syntactic and semantic roles. This fact is somewhat challenging since Nicobarese and Khmer are distant relatives, typologically different, they have different status and temporal affiliation. The present article deals with the second function of ta, which is called case marking function. Ta in the function of dependent predication marker was described in detail in [Погибенко, 2020б]. In Nicobarese and Old Khmer languages dependent predication marker ta has left vestiges in the form of prefix in deverbal nouns, adjectives and adverbials. In Nicobarese it is also found in adjectives derived from nouns. In the present article it is suggested that the case marker ta has also left vestiges in the form of suffix in verbs of location and dislocation and in prepositions. In Old Khmer ta marks indirect object and circumstantial noun phrases covering several semantic roles: location, addressee, recipient, deprivative, temporative. In Nicobarese it is also found in instrument and comitative noun phrases and, in contrast with Old Khmer, in direct object and displaced agent noun phrases, the latter in passive VPA sentences. In the compared languages case marking ta is gradually replaced by prepositions via the strategy of dubbing. It is suggested that the case-marking function of ta could have evolved during syntactic compression of a subordinate clause with the dependent predication marker.
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Gates, Jesse P. "Kinship terms in Stau". Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 46, n. 2 (9 novembre 2023): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.23006.gat.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive synchronic study of Stau kinship terms, offering a detailed analysis of their classifications and characteristics. Stau kinship terms are categorized into vocative and referential/possessive forms. Vocative kinship terms follow the intonation pattern of other vocative phrases, particularly barytonesis, which involves stress and intonation shifting from the second syllable to the first. The paper explores the distinctions within younger sibling relationships, dividing kinship terms into male Ego and female Ego categories based on the sex of the connecting relative. The kinship prefix æ-, commonly found in Qiangic languages, is exclusively used in vocative and referential/possessive kinship terms referring to older kin (both male and female). The study also identifies specific vocative and referential kinship terms that describe dyads of kinship relationships, similar to Tibetic languages like the Amdo dialects spoken in Stau-speaking areas. Stau maintains a sex-based distinction for kinship terms across all generations. Referential/possessive kinship terms in Gen−1 and Gen−2 differentiate between lineal and collateral relationships, while in vocative terms, only Gen−1 distinguishes between lineal and collateral relatives. Gen+1 consanguineal vocative kinship terms exhibit distinctions for lineal/collateral and matrilateral/patrilateral relationships. However, the matrilateral/patrilateral distinction is neutralized in Gen+1 affinal vocative kinship terms. Gen+1 affinal referential/possessive kinship terms differentiate matrilateral and patrilateral relationships when using a possessive phrase, but not when using the simple base term. Age relative to Ego plays a distinct role in Gen0 kinship terms, both vocative and referential/possessive. Sibling terms are differentiated from cousin terms in Gen0 referential/possessive terms using the tʰɛv(=ɡə ŋə-rə) ‘is a relative’ copula phrase. Regarding cousin kinship typology, Stau aligns with the Hawaiian type in the vocative and the Eskimo type in the referential. The Hawaiian type serves as the foundational basis due to shared roots in both vocative and referential contexts. For Gen+1 terms, Stau follows the Sudanese system, each consanguineal kin with their own term. Gen−1 terms follow the Eskimo system.
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Gonnerman, Laura. "roles of efficiency and complexity in the processing of verb particle constructions". Journal of Speech Sciences 2, n. 1 (3 febbraio 2021): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v2i1.15013.
Abstract (sommario):
Recent theories have proposed that processing difficulty affects both individuals’ choice of grammatical structures and the distribution of these structures across languages of the world (Hawkins, 2004). Researchers have proposed that performance constraints, such as efficiency, integration, and storage costs, drive languages to choose word orders that minimize processing demands for individual speakers (Hawkins, 1994; Gibson, 2000). This study investigates how three performance factors, adjacency, dependency, and complexity, affect reading times for sentences with verb-particle constructions. Results from a self-paced reading task indicate that reading times increase with each performance factor, such that shifted sentences, more dependent verb-particle constructions, and more complex noun phrases are more difficult. More importantly, I explore the relative weightings and interactions of the performance factors. The results support the notion that processing ease affects grammaticalization, such that those structures which are more easily processed by individuals (subject relatives and adjacent dependent constituents) are also more common crosslinguistically (Keenan & Hawkins, 1987).
25
Amirbekova, Sagynysh, e Yerkin Baidarov. "CONCEPT OF «RELATIVE» IN ARABIC AND KAZAKH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS". KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 8, n. 4 (11 giugno 2024): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2023.4.69.
Abstract (sommario):
The article discusses the semantic analogues of the description of phraseological units about family in the Arabic and Kazakh languages. These phrases are numerous, play an important role in Arabic phraseology and most clearly and fully reflect the richness and uniqueness of the Arabic literary language. Studying the structural features of phraseological units allows you to learn the Arabic language deeply and comprehensively. The following tasks are set: to make a comparative analysis of the proverbs of the concept “relatives”, to determine general differences and functional-semantic classifications. The comparative analysis method is used to identify the features of the use of Arabic phraseological units in the context of family relationships. The author seeks to identify similar and different features in the Arabic linguistic tradition in comparison with the Kazakh culture. The purpose of the study is to reveal the meaning and cultural aspects of Arabic phraseological units associated with the concept of “relatives”. Objectives include analyzing the frequency of use of these phraseological units, their contextual meaning and changes in different situations. The study allows us to more deeply understand the features of the Arabic and Kazakh linguistic picture of the world and the cultural nuances that accompany the use of phraseological units in the field of family relations. The results of the study may be useful for linguists, cultural researchers and specialists in the field of intercultural interaction.
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Manus, Sophie. "prosody of Símákonde relative clauses". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (1 gennaio 2010): 159–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.397.
Abstract (sommario):
Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.
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Bayiha, Auguste. "Contrasting Relativization in some Naomi Alderman’s Novels and their French Translation from a Syntactic and a Semantic Perspectives". International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 11, n. 02 (11 febbraio 2024): 8108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v11i02.03.
Abstract (sommario):
Language in usage is the result of various operations. Linguistic operations are worth studying so as to uncover the subtleties which make languages to be unique in their inner organization. These operations occur within various linguistic units (words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and texts) and can be studied at various levels of linguistic analysis (Dutoit, 2000). Provided the wide range of such operations, the notion of clause operations is therefore the subject of this article; more specifically, this study intends to contrast relativization from a syntactic and semantic point of view based on an English-French translation corpus (extracted from three novels by Naomi Alderman and their French translations). With the aid of the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), the findings suggest that there are convergent and divergent syntactic properties, shared syntactic processes, and common syntactic functions related to the translational renderings of relative markers. Moreover, the contrastive analysis of relativization from a semantic viewpoint reveals some semantic functions undertaken by relative markers, some correspondence types between relatives of different versions of the corpus, and some translation procedures used by translators while rendering the overall meaning of the source text.
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Otgonsuren, Tseden. "Case Markers in Mongolian: A Means for Encoding Null Constituents in Noun Phrase and Relative Clause". Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.1p.17.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if the noun phrase generated through the parataxis, is the complement of the postpositional phrase, the head word of the relevant noun phrase can be truncated. In other words, since this head noun is governed by case marker in its null form to generate the postpositional phrase, the head noun can be encoded. The second approach generates two different types of noun phrases in their structures: free structured and non-free structured noun phrases. Of them, the free structured noun phrase allows any syntactic transformations in their internal structure based on the senses of the case markers which denote a relation. That is to say, the null constituents in this type of noun phrases can be encoded to generate an extended alternative of the noun phrase and a relative clause.
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Jayaseelan, K. A. "Bare Phrase Structure and Specifier-less Syntax". Biolinguistics 2, n. 1 (30 marzo 2008): 087–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8623.
Abstract (sommario):
It is pointed out that “specifiers” render the algorithm of projection overly complex. This consideration lends support to Starke’s (2004) reanalysis of specifiers as phrasal heads that project their own phrases — which makes phrase structure a simple sequence of head-complement relations. It is further pointed out that if head-complement relations are represented using dominance in place of sisterhood, to reflect the essentially asymmetrical nature of Merge (Chomsky 2000), a non-branching (partially linear) phrase structure tree is obtained that very naturally eliminates labels and projections. A simple Spell-Out rule then provides a linear ordering of the terminal elements. The linear tree preserves all the major results of antisymmetry.
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Larcher, Pierre. "Le fāʾ al-sababiyya vu par Raḍī l-Dīn al-Astarābāḏī : logique et pragmatique". Arabica 67, n. 5-6 (23 dicembre 2020): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341571.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé Pour le grammairien Raḍī l-Dīn al-Astarābāḏī (m. après 688/1289), le fāʾ al-sababiyya (« causal ») constitue une intersection entre deux des trois fāʾ distingués par la grammaire arabe : le fāʾ d’apodose (fāʾ al-ǧawāb ou al-ǧazāʾ), apparaissant entre protase et apodose d’un système conditionnel (in p fa-q) et systèmes assimilés, c’est-à-dire circonstancielles et relatives ayant une valeur conditionnelle, et le fāʾ coordonnant deux phrases (p fa-q). Dans les deux cas, fa- présente q comme la conséquence de p, qui en est la cause. La relation de cause à conséquence est à entendre ici au sens large de la logique naturelle et non au sens strict de l’implication logique, q pouvant ne pas être une affirmation. Mais Raḍī l-Dīn al-Astarābāḏī neutralise aussitôt le sens du fa- « causal », en observant qu’on peut convertir (ʿaks) p fa-q (p donc q) en q fa-p (q car p). Et il va plus loin dans le même sens, en reliant le fāʾ dit explétif au fāʾ causal. Ce fāʾ est ainsi appelé parce qu’il peut apparaître ou non, soit après une subordonnée circonstancielle, sans valeur conditionnelle, ou un simple complément circonstanciel, soit entre le thème et le propos d’une phrase nominale, le thème pouvant être une relative non conditionnelle ou un simple syntagme nominal. Pour Raḍī l-Dīn al-Astarābāḏī, ce fāʾ signale que ce qui le suit est aussi « inséparable » (luzūm) de ce qui le précède que l’apodose de la protase et, ce, bien que ce qui le précède n’ait pas de valeur conditionnelle. Sous un habillage logique, il reconnaît en fait que les trois fāʾ n’en font qu’un, ayant une même distribution/fonction (mawqiʿ). Celle-ci est facilement reformulable dans les termes de la « théorie de l’énonciation » du linguiste suisse Charles Bally (1865-1947) : fa- est un segmentateur, délimitant le thème (phrase, proposition ou syntagme) du propos de l’énoncé.
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Gerasimova, L. N. "Representation of Concepts BIG BROTHER / LITTLE SISTER in the Yakut Heroic Epic". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-2-57-66.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose. The article discusses the concepts of BIG BROTHER / LITTLE SISTER (UBAY / BALYS) in order to identify the features of representation of these concepts in the Yakut heroic epic olonkho and to establish the semantic content of these concepts, to determine their cultural and national specifics. Because, firstly, in a traditional family, as a unit of society, the relations of children are of great importance, as blood relatives they are the successors of the clan. Secondly, despite the global technocratic development, interest in and appeal to traditional values is growing in society, because family ties and family relations form self-organization and self-regulation of a person in society. Thirdly, due to the lack of study of these concepts in the Yakut epic texts.Results. Within the framework of the conceptual analysis, the method of continuous sampling was used to collect examples from epic texts; component analysis to characterize the conceptual constituent of the word; a method of contextual analysis which provides an opportunity to identify different meanings and shades of meanings of the studied concepts in the context of epic texts. In the examples considered, the lexemes ubay and balys and their various detonates represent their dictionary definitions, that is they designate an elder man relative and a younger woman relative.Conclusion. The result of the performed analysis shows that the concepts of BIG BROTHER / LITTLE SISTER are represented in the olonkho texts by various lexemes and phrases that have deep connotative meanings and reflect traditional family relationships between elder brothers and younger sisters among the Yakut people.
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Herslund, Michael. "Valence et relations grammaticales". Linguistica 34, n. 1 (1 dicembre 1994): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.34.1.109-117.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans la théorie de la valence, telle qu'elle a d'abord été conçue par Tesnière (1959), le verbe constitue le centre organisateur de la phrase. Les specifications lexicales d'un verbe donné sont traduites par ses possibilités combinatoires, c'est-à-dire par les membres nominaux et/ou prépositionnels avec lesquels il se combine: toute comprehénsion d'un verbe tel que envoyer, par exemple, prend son point de départ dans le fait que ce verbe dénote une situation comportant trois participants qui sont dénotés par les trois membres de phrase avec lesquels se combine ce verbe. De ce fait, la notion de valence n'offre pas seulement une façon simple de classifier les verbes d'une langue donnée, mais aussi une hypothèse sur la structure des phrases de la langue: si c'est le verbe qui détermine la structure de la phrase, la théorie de la valence doit être construite de telle sorte qu'elle permette l'élaboration d'une typologie de phrases en même temps qu'une analyse et une classification des verbes. Ce qu'il faut exiger d'une théorie de la valence, c'est done qu'elle formule une hypothèse sur la structure des phrases - les schémas canoniques - c'est-à-dire qu'elle prédise quels types de phrase existent et quels types sont exclus par principe. On n' atteint pas ce but si on se contente de l'inventaire flou et aléatoire des fonctions syntaxiques de la grammaire traditionnelle pour en faire un principe de classification des verbes: avec un tel point de départ, on formulera en réalité l'hypothese qu'il existe des phrases comportant jusqu'a sept ou huit actants, et on se trouvera devant des lacunes distributionnelles inexplicables comme par exemple l'absence d'une fonction "attribut de l'objet indirect", lacune d'autant plus mystérieuse qu'on dit le plus souvent que l'objet indirect n'est qu'une variante prépositionnelle de l'objet direct, qui, lui, a son attribut.
33
Shoji, Shinichi. "English Speakers’ Comprehension of Embedded Relative Clauses in L2 Japanese". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2017): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0710.03.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigated native English speakers’ comprehension of Japanese sentences in which relative clauses are embedded. Specifically, this study contrasted between (a) short-before-long sentences with center-embedded relative clauses and (b) long-before-short sentences with non-center-embedded relative clauses. Sentence-type (a) indicates a sentence that includes a short phrase before a long phrase and includes a relative clause that is embedded in the middle of the sentence, e.g., Onna-ga Ken-ga kiratteiru giin-o hometa ‘The woman praised the senator who Ken hated’. Sentence-type (b) indicates a sentence with a long phrase before a short phrase and includes a relative clause that is embedded peripherally, e.g., Ken-ga kiratteiru onna-ga giin-o hometa ‘The woman who Ken hated praised the senator’. Experiment 1 revealed that native English speakers, who are learners of Japanese, comprehended the type (b) sentences with long-before-short phrases and with non-center-embedded relative clauses more accurately than the type (a) sentences with short-before-long phrases with center-embedded relative clauses. The results indicate that the preference for the non-center-embedded clauses to center-embedded clauses is universal across languages, while the preference for short-before-long phrases is language-specific. However, Experiment 2 indicated that the different accuracy rates in comprehensions of (a) and (b) disappeared when the matrix subjects are marked by the topic-morpheme wa. The outcome indicated that the topic phrases are immediately interpreted as a part of main clauses.
34
Gandour, Jack, Bernd Weinberg, Soranee Holasuit Petty e Rochana Dardarananda. "Rhythm in Thai Esophageal Speech". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 29, n. 4 (dicembre 1986): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2904.563.
Abstract (sommario):
Duration measurements associated with rhythmic aspects of speech produced by one Thai esophageal speaker were compared to previously published identical measures for normal Thai speakers. Measures of central tendency and variability were taken of the duration of syllables, pauses, phrases, and interstress intervals. Despite a slower-than-normal overall speaking rate and a shorter-than-normal phrase length, the esophageal speaker was able to maintain normal relative temporal relations among syllables within phrases. Although his speech was dysrhythmic at the overall discourse level, it was rhythmic at the phrase level. Findings are interpreted to highlight the importance of differentiating features of alaryngeal speech that are common across languages from those that are specific to particular languages.
35
Park, Boon-Joo. "복합명사구 통사 정보에 따른 문장처리 시선 추적 분석: 관계절 내에서 동사 수 일치 처리양상". Studies in Modern Grammar 115 (30 settembre 2022): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2022.115.139.
Abstract (sommario):
Boon-Joo Park, 2022. Eye-movement Analysis of Sentence Processing with Complex Noun Phrase: Number Agreement within the Relative Clause. Studies in Modern Grammar 115, 139-157. The current study aims to investigate how ESL university students undergo the syntactic process of relative clause with complex noun phrases. The target sentences have two kinds of complex noun phrase varied with the numbers: one consists of single noun (N1) and plural noun(N2) phrases and the other consists of plural noun(N1) and single noun (N2) phrases. The data collection through tracking eye-movement during language processing enables us to investigate the process more in-depth level and to have wide range of insight of language learners’ processing. The results from eye-movement analysis showed that the participants underwent different process the two mismatched types of relative clause with complex noun phrases (singular – plural NPs vs. plural-singular NPs).
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Schaefer, Ronald P., e Francis O. Egbokhare. "On Emai VBI phrases". Studies in African Linguistics 35, n. 2 (15 giugno 2006): 209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v35i2.107309.
Abstract (sommario):
We examine the distribution of Emai prepositional phrases and their NP complements relative to intransitive verbs. In canonical order constructions, vbi phrases follow a matrix verb as optional or obligatory constituents, or they follow the verb za in series before another matrix verb. In non-canonical order constructions, focused NP complements give rise to the verb za in series with only a subclass of intransitive verbs. Through lexical entry formats, we relate these distributional facts to distinct semantic roles and specific grammatical relations. Some vbi phrases show a complement relation for source and goal, but remaining phrases reflect inner locative complements or outer locative adjuncts, the latter signaled in focus constructions by za. We also comment on vbi prohibition outside the verb phrase and on its relationship to construal of affected object.
37
Shi, Zhan, Yilin Shen, Hongxia Jin e Xiaodan Zhu. "Improving Zero-Shot Phrase Grounding via Reasoning on External Knowledge and Spatial Relations". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, n. 2 (28 giugno 2022): 2253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i2.20123.
Abstract (sommario):
Phrase grounding is a multi-modal problem that localizes a particular noun phrase in an image referred to by a text query. In the challenging zero-shot phrase grounding setting, the existing state-of-the-art grounding models have limited capacity in handling the unseen phrases. Humans, however, can ground novel types of objects in images with little effort, significantly benefiting from reasoning with commonsense. In this paper, we design a novel phrase grounding architecture that builds multi-modal knowledge graphs using external knowledge and then performs graph reasoning and spatial relation reasoning to localize the referred nouns phrases. We perform extensive experiments on different zero-shot grounding splits sub-sampled from the Flickr30K Entity and Visual Genome dataset, demonstrating that the proposed framework is orthogonal to backbone image encoders and outperforms the baselines by 2~3% in accuracy, resulting in a significant improvement under the standard evaluation metrics.
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Njobvu, Naomi. "VN Phrasal Compounds in Cinyanja". Journal of Law and Social Sciences 3, n. 1 (30 settembre 2020): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.3.1.453.
Abstract (sommario):
This article aims at discussing verb-noun compounds with a locative prefix in the nominal part of the compounds in Cinyanja. The singular and plural forms of the compounds have been presented to show that the complex forms are nouns. With regard to the internal structure, the compounds show that they have a phrasal structure. Since verb-noun compounds in this study resemble the structure of synthetic compounds in English, the analysis of these words followed the syntactic approach. The results show that internally, the compounds with a locative have a verb phrase internal structure, and follow the verb-argument word order. In the syntactic context, it is shown that the compounds with the phrasal internal structure function as determiner phrases because they can appear in the subject and object positions in simple sentences and relative clauses. Further, the entire compound word can be modified by adjectives, and be coordinated with simple nouns, which suggests that the compounds with a locative are indeed determiner phrases. Finally, with the application of the lexical integrity hypothesis, the results reveal that the compounds with the locative in the nominal part are genuine compounds because they adhere to the lexical integrity principle.
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Desmet, Timothy, Marc Brysbaert e Constantijn De Baecke. "The correspondence between sentence production and corpus frequencies in modifier attachment". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, n. 3 (agosto 2002): 879–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000604.
Abstract (sommario):
We examined the production of relative clauses in sentences with a complex noun phrase containing two possible attachment sites for the relative clause (e.g., “Someone shot the servant of the actress who was on the balcony.”). On the basis of two corpus analyses and two sentence continuation tasks, we conclude that much research about this specific syntactic ambiguity has used complex noun phrases that are quite uncommon. These noun phrases involve the relationship between two humans and, at least in Dutch, induce a different attachment preference from noun phrases referring to non-human entities. We provide evidence that the use of this type of complex noun phrase may have distorted the conclusions about the processes underlying relative clause attachment. In addition, it is shown that, notwithstanding some notable differences between sentence production in the continuation task and in coherent text writing, there seems to be a remarkable correspondence between the attachment patterns obtained with both modes of production.
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Sharma, Lok Raj. "Form - Function Relations in English". Global Academic Journal of Linguistics and Literature 4, n. 1 (24 febbraio 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajll.2022.v04i01.002.
Abstract (sommario):
English is an affluent language as it retains the flexibility of forms and the multiplicity of messages conveyed through such forms. Phrases and sentences which are the two forms of linguistic structures can serve a number of grammatical and communicative functions. A grammatical function of language refers to the role of phrasal forms in a sentence as a subject, a predicator, a complement and an adjunct. A communicative function denotes the purpose of using the forms as the sentences. The purposes may be to advise, request, order, invite, greet, warn, thank and so on. A key purpose of this article is to expose form- function relations in English. The article writer mustered some phrases and sentences as the nominal data from the books on communication in English. Phrases and sentences which are considered forms in the study are analyzed from the perspectives of their grammatical and communicative functions respectively. This article winds up with a striking remark that a phrasal form can serve a number of grammatical functions and a sentence form can serve numerous communicative functions and vice versa. Furthermore, there is not always one to one correspondence between a linguistic form and its grammatical or communicative function.
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Wintner, Shuly, e Uzzi Ornan. "Syntactic Analysis of Hebrew Sentences". Natural Language Engineering 1, n. 3 (settembre 1995): 261–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000206.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractDue to recent developments in the area of computational formalisms for linguistic representation, the task of designing a parser for a specified natural language is now shifted to the problem of designing its grammar in certain formal ways. This paper describes the results of a project whose aim was to design a formal grammar for modern Hebrew. Such a formal grammar has never been developed before. Since most of the work on grammatical formalisms was done without regarding Hebrew (and other Semitic languages as well), we had to choose a formalism that would best fit the specific needs of the language. This part of the project has been described elsewhere. In this paper we describe the details of the grammar we developed. The grammar deals with simple, subordinate and coordinate sentences as well as interrogative sentences. Some structures were thoroughly dealt with, among which are noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, relative clauses, object and adjunct clauses; many types of adjuncts; subcategorization of verbs; coordination; numerals, etc. For each phrase the parser produces a description of the structure tree of the phrase as well as a representation of the syntactic relations in it. Many examples of Hebrew phrases are demonstrated, together with the structure the parser assigns them. In cases where more than one parse is produced, the reasons of the ambiguity are discussed.
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Piotrowska, Alicja. "Group genitive in Swedish – s-genitive as a phrase marker". European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 48, n. 2 (25 ottobre 2018): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2018-0018.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper I discuss the constructions with the group genitive and their use in today’s Swedish. The development of the s-genitive from a diachronic perspective, its degrammaticalization and the status of the s-genitive are discussed. The aim of the paper is to examine and analyse the use of the group genitive in the Swedish nominal phrases in three contexts, i. e. coordinated nominal phrases, nominal phrase with a prepositional phrase and nominal phrase with a relative clause. The group genitive’s domain is above all spoken, colloquial language. The analysed material consists of authentic examples of everyday use of language from the Swedish corpus Språkbanken and a questionnaire conducted among native speakers. The study shows that the group genitive is very productive with various types of nominal phrases in Swedish, even though it is still limited to colloquial and non-formal use of language.
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Aljuaythin, Wafa. "Agreement Attraction Errors among Saudi Non-Native English Speakers". Arab World English Journal 14, n. 3 (24 settembre 2023): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol14no3.20.
Abstract (sommario):
Agreement attraction errors are one of the errors that language users make, and psycholinguists examine as a window into how language processing functions. Agreement attraction errors arise if a sentence has a complex noun phrase with the main noun acting as the controller of agreement and a local noun acting as the attractor for agreement. Earlier research has shown that phrases tend to have more agreement errors than clauses among native speakers of English. This study investigated whether agreement attraction errors are more in phrases than clauses among non-native English speakers with varying proficiency levels from Saudi Arabia, as little has been done on non-native speakers of English. The study used a forced-choice task by instructing the participants to select either singular or plural verbs for each complex noun phrase that was displayed. The quantity and quality of their agreement errors—whether in prepositional phrases or relative clauses—were examined in the study. Furthermore, it contrasted reaction time for items with prepositional phrases to items with relative clauses. Proficiency level was also reviewed to determine how it affected agreement attraction errors. No statistically significant difference was found between the two types, but processing items with prepositional phrases took longer than processing items with relative clauses. Despite past research suggesting that agreement errors are more common in phrases than clauses, the current study did not find this difference to be of significance. The complexity of both sorts of errors is equal among the sample, and proficiency proved to be irrelevant.
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KOEVA, SVETLA. "СЪС ИЛИ БЕЗ ПРЕДЛОЗИ: КОЕ Е ВЯРНОТО / WITH OR WITHOUT PREPOSITIONS: WHICH IS TRUE". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, PR (10 settembre 2021): 257–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.pr.17.
Abstract (sommario):
The article focuses on the competition between noun phrases in which the head noun is modified by either a relative adjective, noun qualitative modifier or a prepositional phrase. Several tests are proposed to distinguish between phrases with noun qualitative modifier and compounds consisting of two nouns. The type of the prepositions that occur in the prepositional phrases is characterised, and the conclusion is drown that the semantic dependency in the three competing structures is the same, although it is overtly expressed only through the prepositions. Keywords: noun qualitative modifier, syntactic alternations with prepositional phrases, identification of compounds, Bulgarian language
45
Yulianty Karyaningsih, Tri. "Relasi Sintaktis Antarkomponen pada Frasa Nomina Bahasa Rusia". Metahumaniora 8, n. 1 (3 aprile 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v8i1.18871.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstrakDalam sintaksis bahasa Rusia terdapat istilah sintaksiceskoe otnošenie ‘relasisintaktis’ yang menghubungkan komponen-komponen frasa secara leksikal dangramatikal. Ada beragam jenis relasi sintaktis dan relasi ini dapat dijumpai padafrasa dengan komponen inti nomina. Untuk itu, dalam artikel ini dibahas mengenaiberbagai macam relasi sintaktis pada frasa nomina bahasa Rusia. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan berbagai tekniklanjutan dalam penganalisisan data. Adapun sumber data berupa bahasa tulisdiambil dari korpus nasional bahasa Rusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwarelasi sintaktis yang ada pada frasa nomina bahasa Rusia adalah relasi atributif,objektif, subjektif, adverbial, dan kompletif, didasarkan pada koneksi sintaktisantarkomponen frasa berupa koneksi konkordansi, penguasaan, dan parataksis.Relasi-relasi sintaktis tersebut dapat dibedakan secara semantis melalui maknaleksikal dan gramatikal kata-kata pembangun frasa.Kata kunci: relasi sintaktis, frasa nomina, inti frasa, pewatas, koneksi sintaktisAbstractIn Russian syntax there is the term of sintaksiceskoe otnošenie ‘syntactic relation’which connects the phrase components lexically and grammatically. There are various typesof syntactic relations and these syntactic relations can be found on noun phrases. Therefore,this article discussed about various types of syntactic relations in Russian noun phrases. Themethod used in this research is descriptive method with various techniques in analyzing data.The source of the data is written language taken from the national corpus of Russian language.The results showed that the syntactic relations in Russian noun phrases are attributive,objective, subjective, adverbial, and completive relation, based on syntactic connections ofconcordance, government, and parataxis between the phrase components. These syntacticrelations can be distinguished semantically through the lexical and grammatical meaning ofthe phrase components.Keywords: syntactic relation, noun phrase, head, modifier, syntactic connection
46
Yulianty Karyaningsih, Tri. "Relasi Sintaktis Antarkomponen pada Frasa Nomina Bahasa Rusia". Metahumaniora 8, n. 1 (3 aprile 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/mh.v8i1.18871.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstrakDalam sintaksis bahasa Rusia terdapat istilah sintaksiceskoe otnošenie ‘relasisintaktis’ yang menghubungkan komponen-komponen frasa secara leksikal dangramatikal. Ada beragam jenis relasi sintaktis dan relasi ini dapat dijumpai padafrasa dengan komponen inti nomina. Untuk itu, dalam artikel ini dibahas mengenaiberbagai macam relasi sintaktis pada frasa nomina bahasa Rusia. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan berbagai tekniklanjutan dalam penganalisisan data. Adapun sumber data berupa bahasa tulisdiambil dari korpus nasional bahasa Rusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwarelasi sintaktis yang ada pada frasa nomina bahasa Rusia adalah relasi atributif,objektif, subjektif, adverbial, dan kompletif, didasarkan pada koneksi sintaktisantarkomponen frasa berupa koneksi konkordansi, penguasaan, dan parataksis.Relasi-relasi sintaktis tersebut dapat dibedakan secara semantis melalui maknaleksikal dan gramatikal kata-kata pembangun frasa.Kata kunci: relasi sintaktis, frasa nomina, inti frasa, pewatas, koneksi sintaktisAbstractIn Russian syntax there is the term of sintaksiceskoe otnošenie ‘syntactic relation’which connects the phrase components lexically and grammatically. There are various typesof syntactic relations and these syntactic relations can be found on noun phrases. Therefore,this article discussed about various types of syntactic relations in Russian noun phrases. Themethod used in this research is descriptive method with various techniques in analyzing data.The source of the data is written language taken from the national corpus of Russian language.The results showed that the syntactic relations in Russian noun phrases are attributive,objective, subjective, adverbial, and completive relation, based on syntactic connections ofconcordance, government, and parataxis between the phrase components. These syntacticrelations can be distinguished semantically through the lexical and grammatical meaning ofthe phrase components.Keywords: syntactic relation, noun phrase, head, modifier, syntactic connection
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Ivanova, Elena Sergeevna. ""For each time I remind myself of you, neither do I eat, nor do I drink, but I cry": family relations of Roman soldiers according to papyri". Genesis: исторические исследования, n. 7 (luglio 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2022.7.38422.
Abstract (sommario):
The unique conditions of everyday life as well as special military traditions and mentality made family relations of Roman soldiers quite specific. Besides, the "marriage ban" or the lack of legal recognition of marriage contributed to the difficulties of militaries’ family life. Nevertheless, according to the data of epigraphy and papyrology, family played a key role in the life of Roman militaries. In this paper, the author's attention is focused on the information provided by papyrological sources. The object of the study is the papyrological letters of Roman soldiers to relatives. The subject of the study is the feelings and emotions of soldiers expressed in letters in relation to their family. The author also notes some practical issues of military family life, in particular, the problem of placing family members of a soldier on the territory of a military camp. Among the results of the study, it is worth noting the special sentimentalism of soldiers' letters revealed by the author. This feature should not be considered as a mere formality. The large numbers of emotional phrases are explained by the context of the era when most of people began to reflect on their duties and everyday being. In particular, they thought about the proper relationships between parents and children, husband and wife. Interestingly, one of the moral obligations in the relationships between close people became the presence of love. Moreover, this love should have been expressed in letters. Thus, despite the influence of the military ethos and other factors on the marital life of military personnel, the latter remained part of Roman society, for which family relations were one of the main values.
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Kendall, Roger A. "The Role of Acoustic Signal Partitions in Listener Categorization of Musical Phrases". Music Perception 4, n. 2 (1986): 185–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285360.
Abstract (sommario):
An experiment was designed to assess the relative contribution to listener categorization strategies of various temporal partitions of the acoustic signal for trumpet, clarinet, and violin. The role of context, whole phrase versus single note, was also evaluated. Analog recordings of three folk-song phrases performed on two clarinets, violins, and trumpets were digitized. A computer program was developed for digital signal editing. Signal edit conditions included normal, time-variant steady-state alone, transients alone, and static steady state with and without transients. Musicians and nonmusicians responded to a matching procedure in which unedited signals of one phrase were choice stimuli and edited signals for two different phrases served as models. Two replications of all possible combinations of instrument, phrase, and edit conditions were presented for a total of 72 items. Two additional groups of musicians and nonmusicians participated in an identical procedure in which the stimuli were single notes extracted from two phrases. Analyses revealed that, for the whole-phrase signals, there was no case in which the means obtained with the "normal" signal and the "time variant steady state alone" signal were statistically different; these means were always statistically higher than the "transients alone" mean. It was concluded that transients were neither sufficient nor necessary for the categorization of trumpet, clarinet, and violin in whole-phrase contexts. The time- variant quasi-steady state was sufficient and necessary for the categorization of trumpet and violin phrases, and it was sufficient but not necessary for the categorization of clarinet phrases. For the single- note stimuli, "transients alone" yielded means statistically equivalent to the "normal" and "time variant steady state alone" means. It was concluded that transients were sufficient, but not necessary, for instrument categorization in single-note contexts. The whole-phrase context yielded significantly higher means than the single-note context; music majors performed the task with greater accuracy than nonmusic majors.
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Иванова, О. В., e И. Н. Мороз. "FEATURES AND DIFFICULTIES OF TEACHING TRANSLATION OF ATTRIBUTIVE PHRASES ON THE EXAMPLE OF TECHNICAL TEXTS". Vestnik of Russian New University. Series "Man in the modern world", n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v925x.23.03.p.018.
Abstract (sommario):
В данной статье акцентируется внимание на переводческом аспекте – на переводе атрибутивной группы на примере научно-технических текстов. Субстантивные атрибутивные словосочетания, встречающиеся в текстах по специальностям «наноинженерия» и «компьютерные технологии», представляют собой терминологические словосочетания. Приводятся классификации семантических отношений между компонентами внутри словосочетания с указанием идентифицирующих предикатов. Выявлены наиболее типичные виды смысловых отношений между компонентами субстантивных атрибутивных словосочетаний. Многокомпонентность субстантивных атрибутивных словосочетаний позволяет передать максимальное количество информации при минимальном использовании грамматических средств связи. Значение целого словосочетания определяется не только семантикой его компонентов, но и их положением по отношению друг к другу; последнее существительное в системе всегда идентифицируется как определяемое. Описываются основные способы перевода субстантивных атрибутивных словосочетаний и влияние расположения компонентов на семантику всего словосочетания. The article focuses on the translation aspect – the translation of an attribute group on the example of scientific and technical texts. Substantive attributive phrases found in texts on the specialties of nanoengineering and computer technology are terminological phrases. Classifications of semantic relations between components within a phrase are given with the indication of identifying predicates. The most typical types of semantic relations between the components of substantive attributive phrases are revealed. The multicomponence of substantive attributive phrases allows you to convey the maximum amount of information with minimal use of grammatical means of communication. The meaning of a whole phrase is determined not only by the semantics of its components, but also by their position in relation to each other, the last noun in the system is always identified as definable. The authors describe the main ways of translating substantive attributive phrases and the influence of the location of components on the semantics of the entire phrase.
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Plank, Frans. "Inevitable reanalysis". Studies in Language 28, n. 1 (5 maggio 2004): 165–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.28.1.07pla.
Abstract (sommario):
When local adpositions, whatever their own sources, are metaphorically extended to the domain of numerical approximation (as in ‘around five bottles’), as they not uncommonly are, and when such expressions are then admitted to grammatical relations otherwise reserved for noun phrases, such as subject and direct object, as is only natural, a conflict is bound to arise: the internal structure of such expressions is that of an adpositional phrase, headed by the ex-local adposition, but their external distribution is that of a noun phrase. German and several other languages demonstrate that repair is inevitable in this dilemma, unless wholly different ways of expressing numerical approximation were to be resorted to. By necessity, such approximative numerical expressions will gradually be reanalysed from being adpositional phrases to being noun phrases for many, most, or indeed all external and internal purposes, such as subcategorization, verb agreement, case assignment, and determination. Instead of new grammar emerging as in grammaticalization, the old grammar of phrase types is reasserting itself in such reanalyses.