Articoli di riviste: "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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Raj, Ewa, Katarzyna Znajdek, Mateusz Dionizy, Przemysław Czarnecki, Przemysław Niedzielski, Łukasz Ruta e Zbigniew Lisik. "Artificial Sun—A Stand to Test New PVT Minimodules". Energies 15, n. 9 (7 maggio 2022): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093430.

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Hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules have gained more attention because of their benefits of higher total efficiency and lower gross area of installation in comparison with photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal collectors (T). Although international standards for separate panels, photovoltaics, or thermal collectors are available, the lack of testing procedures for PVT panels is a problem, especially if a high level of integration between the two parts is implemented. In the paper, a new stand to test new PVT minimodules is proposed and verified. It allows a reduction of the influence of environmental conditions on the tested T or PVT structures. Research conducted on lamp configurations confirms the possibility of achieving a high uniformity of light intensity, with values close to the AM1.5 spectrum standard (1049 ± 34 W/m2). The first measurements of new PVT minimodules have proven their usefulness, as well as the potential of a new hybrid solution.

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Mustapha, Muslizainun, Ahmad Fudholi, Chan Hoy Yen, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan e Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review on Energy and Exergy Analysis of Air and Water Based Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n. 3 (1 settembre 2018): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1366-1373.

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In photovoltaic thermal hybrid (PV/T) collectors, the electricity and thermal energy are produce simultaneously. PV/T technology has been proven in previous studies where it could give benefits for high energy demand supplementary. For example, in space heating, domestic water heating and also drying. The PVT collectors can be classified into air-based PVT, water-based PVT and dual-fluid (air+water) PVT collector. In this paper, the analysis of energy and exergy efficiency of PVT collectors are compiled and reviewed. This study has found that generally the energy and exergy efficiency are range from 40%-70% and 5%-20%, respectively.

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Mustapha, Muslizainun, Ahmad Fudholi, Chan Hoy Yen, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan e Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review on Energy and Exergy Analysis of Air and Water Based Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collector". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n. 3 (1 settembre 2018): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1367-1373.

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Abstract (sommario):

In photovoltaic thermal hybrid (PV/T) collectors, the electricity and thermal energy are produce simultaneously. PV/T technology has been proven in previous studies where it could give benefits for high energy demand supplementary. For example, in space heating, domestic water heating and also drying. The PVT collectors can be classified into air-based PVT, water-based PVT and dual-fluid (air+water) PVT collector. In this paper, the analysis of energy and exergy efficiency of PVT collectors are compiled and reviewed. This study has found that generally the energy and exergy efficiency are range from 40%-70% and 5%-20%, respectively.

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4

Ewe, Win Eng, Ahmad Fudholi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Nilofar Asim, Yoyon Ahmudiarto e Agus Salim. "Overview on Recent PVT Systems with Jet Impingement". International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, n. 6 (31 dicembre 2021): 1951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390633.

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Jet impingement cooling has been utilized to improve the performance of solar energy technologies such as solar collectors, PV systems, PVT systems, and CPV systems. This article provides an overview of current PVT systems using jet impingement. The distinctions between each study, such as research results and PVT system design, are examined and contrasted. The summary demonstrates that solar collectors are the most widely utilized solar energy technology owing to their direct manufacture. There are 20 solar collector studies, 5 for photovoltaic, 9 for photovoltaic thermal, and 8 for concentrator photovoltaic. Geometric characteristics such as jet diameter, spacing, and nozzle height are critical for maximum performance. Furthermore, numerous kinds of coolant jets, such as air, water, and nanofluid, may be seen from the overview. Hybrid systems, such as PVT or CPVT systems, perform better since they create thermal and electrical energy. As a result, more research into developing the hybrid system is advised.

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Sawicka-Chudy, Paulina, Maciej Sibiński, Marian Cholewa, Maciej Klein, Katarzyna Znajdek e Adam Cenian. "Tests and theoretical analysis of a pvt hybrid collector operating under various insolation conditions". Acta Innovations, n. 26 (1 gennaio 2018): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.26.7.

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The main goal of the study was to investigate the relationship between the orientation of the PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) collector and the thermal and electric power generated. Extensive research was performed to find optimal tilt angles for hybrid solar thermal collectors, which combine photovoltaic as well as thermal collection in a single unit, known as PVT (PhotoVoltaic Thermal) modules for an office building with working hours between 7.00 and 16.00. The comprehensive study included field measurements of the modules in central Poland and tests under AM (air mass) 1.5 conditions in a certified laboratory KEZO (Centre for Energy Conversion and Renewable Resources) Polish Academy of Sciences in Jablonna. Furthermore, a PVT system was investigated using the simulation method based on the dedicated Polysun software. The PV characteristics and efficiency of the PV module and the relation between power or efficiency of the PVT module and incidence angle of solar-irradiance were studied. Optimal work conditions for commercial PVT modules were ascertained. In addition, it was found that the maximum efficiencies of PV module (ηPV), solar thermal-collector (ηc) and PVT hybrid collector (ηPVT) registered under field conditions were higher than the ones measured under laboratory conditions.

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Chavarría-Domínguez, Benjamín, Susana Estefany De León-Aldaco, Nicolás Velázquez-Limón, Mario Ponce-Silva, Jesús Armando Aguilar-Jiménez e Fernando Chavarría-Domínguez. "A Review of the Modeling of Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors Coupled to Solar Receivers with Photovoltaic/Thermal Generation". Energies 17, n. 7 (26 marzo 2024): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071582.

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This paper is a summary of the last ten years of work on the study of parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) and compound parabolic collectors (CPCs) coupled to photovoltaic and thermal solar receiver collectors (SCR-PVTs). While reviewing the state of the art, numerous review papers were found that focused on conventional solar receiver collector (SRC) technology for solar thermal generation. However, there is a lack of review papers summarizing SRC-PVT hybrid technology for solar electric/thermal generation, which would be beneficial for researchers interested in this area of research. This paper provides a review of SRC-PVT hybrid technologies. The theoretical foundations for analyzing and modeling PTC and CPC concentrators coupled to SRC-PVT are described, with an emphasis on modeling through thermal resistances and energy balances. Additionally, this section provides a concise overview of previous studies that have addressed the modeling of PTC and CPC collectors coupled to SCR-PVT, as well as experimental information useful for the validation of new mathematical models of SRC-PVT.

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Bayod-Rújula, Ángel A., Amaya Martínez-Gracia, Alejandro Del Amo, Marta Cañada, Sergio Usón, Javier Uche e Juan A. Tejero. "Integration of Thermoelectric generators (TEG) in Solar PVT panels". Energies and Quality Journal 1 (giugno 2019): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/eqj19.355.

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Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid panels (PVT) simultaneously generate electricity and heat with a greater overall efficiency than photovoltaic (PV) and thermal (ST) panels independently. Hybrid PVT-TEG intends to go a step further by integrating thermoelectric modules (TEG) that, based on the Seebeck effect, produce electricity from a temperature difference, thus allowing an additional production of electricity and thus an increase of energy efficiency. In this paper, the design and construction of an experimental installation, consisting of two solar collectors PVT, one of them with 19 TEG modules integrated is presented. This prototype will allow to observe the increase in the electrical production that can be obtained by introducing TEG in PVT modules and the differences in the behaviour (yields and W/Q ratio) between modules with and without TEG. Key words Photovoltaic-thermal hybrid panels (PVT), Thermoelectric generators (TEG), Solar energy; Energy efficiency

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Saadi Zine, Boukhlef Djedjiga, Salem Fethya, Lachtar Salah e Bouraoui Ahmed. "Experimental Study of Hybrid Photovoltaic (PV/T) Thermal Solar Collector with Air Cooling for Domestic Use: A Thermal and Electrical Performances Evaluation". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 116, n. 1 (25 aprile 2024): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.1.170183.

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Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectors convert solar energy into both electrical and thermal energy. This conversion enables the cooling of solar cells while also allowing the produced thermal energy to be used to heat water or space. A hybrid solar panel converts the heat emitted by photovoltaic cells into a transfer fluid (liquid or air), enhancing PV cell efficiency while also producing useful solar heat for household hot water or heating. The heated air extracted from the PV/T collector can be used as a heat source for the building. The paper presents a baffle-based collector for a photovoltaic/thermal system (PVT) to increase output from the system using solar power by comparison with a PVT system without baffles, and its electrical and thermal performance are analysed with the experimental results. Baffles are a solution for optimizing the performance of flat plate solar collectors, which often have low performance. Three typical days from the March 2022 season were chosen and presented as part of this study. For the experiments, two fans were used for air extraction in the PV/T collector, with three speeds chosen: 0.02804 m3/s, 0.0082 m3/s, and 0.016 m3/s, respectively. The variation in thermal and electrical efficiencies of PV/T solar collectors has been calculated for the three tests of March 3, 4, and 5, 2022. The results indicated that the thermal and electrical efficiencies of the PV/T collector were on average 86% and about 9%, respectively, and the thermal efficiency improved by 22% compared with a PV/T collector without baffles in the absorber.

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Abbas, Hind Mohand, Issam Mohammed Ali e Hussein Mohammed Taqi Al-Najjar. "Experimental Study of Electrical and Thermal Efficiencies of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Solar Water Collector with and Without Glass Cover". Journal of Engineering 27, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.01.01.

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Investigating the thermal and electrical gains and efficiencies influence the designed photovoltaic thermal hybrid collector (PVT) under different weather conditions. The designed system was manufactured by attaching a fabricated cooling system made of serpentine tubes to a single PV panel and connecting it to an automatic controlling system for measuring, monitoring, and simultaneously collecting the required data. A removable glass cover had been used to study the effects of glazed and unglazed PVT panel situations. The research was conducted in February (winter) and July (summer), and March for daily solar radiation effects on efficiencies. The results indicated that electrical and thermal gains increased by the increase in solar radiation. The average rise in PVT water collectors' thermal energy efficiency with a glass cover for three cases was 5% compared with the unglazed PVT water collector. While the maximum total efficiencies of 79 % and 69.5 % for glazed and unglazed collectors were recorded under maximum solar radiation of 1100 W/m2 and maximum water flow rate in the tubes system for July. The recorded result seemed promising and significant, indicating that the manufactured system is useful for adjusting PVT thermal and electrical efficiencies for cold and hot weather conditions.

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Abbas, Hind Mohand, Issam Mohammed Ali e Hussein Mohammed Taqi. "Experimental Study of Electrical and Thermal Efficiencies of a Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Solar Water Collector with and Without Glass Cover". Journal of Engineering 27, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/10.31026/j.eng.2021.01.01.

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Abstract (sommario):

Investigating the thermal and electrical gains and efficiencies influence the designed photovoltaic thermal hybrid collector (PVT) under different weather conditions. The designed system was manufactured by attaching a fabricated cooling system made of serpentine tubes to a single PV panel and connecting it to an automatic controlling system for measuring, monitoring, and simultaneously collecting the required data. A removable glass cover had been used to study the effects of glazed and unglazed PVT panel situations. The research was conducted in February (winter) and July (summer), and March for daily solar radiation effects on efficiencies. The results indicated that electrical and thermal gains increased by the increase in solar radiation. The average rise in PVT water collectors' thermal energy efficiency with a glass cover for three cases was 5% compared with the unglazed PVT water collector. While the maximum total efficiencies of 79 % and 69.5 % for glazed and unglazed collectors were recorded under maximum solar radiation of 1100 W/m2 and maximum water flow rate in the tubes system for July. The recorded result seemed promising and significant, indicating that the manufactured system is useful for adjusting PVT thermal and electrical efficiencies for cold and hot weather conditions.

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Sekhar, Y. Raja, V. Tirupati Rao, T. S. Amal Krishna, S. Gurusree e Hitesh Lal. "Performance Simulation of PVT System Using TRNSYS for Varying Mass Flow Rates". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1261, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1261/1/012037.

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Abstract Solar collector hybrids called photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors use solar energy to produce both electrical and thermal energy. System simulations are widely used as a first stage before testing in real-world applications to discover the best solutions and new applications for PVT collectors. Therefore, the construction of well-validated PVT collector models is a vital effort at this time. In this paper, the authors validated the experimental data with the simulation results obtained from TRNSYS software under similar conditions. The analysis was carried out with water as the working fluid, and at different mass flow rates for PVT collectors for varying operating conditions during the day. The authors compared outlet water temperature values from the PVT collector obtained through experiments and simulation. The minimum and maximum deviation of estimated outlet water temperature from the simulation is -3% to 8% respectively for different mass flow rates.

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Masood, Faisal, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor, Perumal Nallagownden, Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Rahman Saidur, Mohammad Azad Alam, Javed Akhter, Mohammad Yusuf, Mubbashar Mehmood e Mujahid Ali. "A Review of Recent Developments and Applications of Compound Parabolic Concentrator-Based Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors". Sustainability 14, n. 9 (5 maggio 2022): 5529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095529.

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The concentrating photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors offer the benefits of the reduced per-unit price of electrical energy and co-generation of electrical and thermal energies by intensifying the solar irradiation falling on the hybrid receiving plane. The compound parabolic concentrating (CPC) collectors have appeared as a promising candidate for numerous applications in the field of solar energy due to their ability to collect both direct and diffuse solar radiation and suitability for stationary installation. Over the last few decades, various configurations of CPC collectors have been proposed and investigated by different researchers for the simultaneous generation of electrical and thermal energies. This article presents a comprehensive review of historical and recent developments and applications of CPC-based hybrid PVT systems. The review focuses on the heat extraction mechanisms and commonly used application areas of CPC-PVT systems. The innovative design configurations proposed by different researchers have been reviewed in detail. The outputs of CPC-PVT systems are generally found to be superior to their counterparts without CPCs, which justifies their increased popularity. Due to dual outputs, the hybrid CPC-PVT systems are considered to be suitable for rooftop and building façade integrated applications. Finally, future recommendations have been enlisted, highlighting the potential research opportunities and challenges for the prospective researchers working in the field of concentrating solar PVT systems.

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Rijvers, Len, Camilo Rindt e Corry de Keizer. "Numerical Analysis of a Residential Energy System That Integrates Hybrid Solar Modules (PVT) with a Heat Pump". Energies 15, n. 1 (23 dicembre 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010096.

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Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors are hybrid solar collectors that convert solar and ambient energy into thermal and electrical energy. Integrated PVT-HP, in which PVT collectors are combined with a heat pump, offers an efficient and renewable option to replace conventional fossil fuel-based energy systems in residential buildings. Currently, system concepts in which the selection, design and control of the components are aligned towards the system performance are lacking. The development of a system model enables the comparison of a variety of system parameters and system designs, informed decision making based on the energetic performance and the market diffusion of PVT-HP systems. This contribution presents a simulation model of a PVT-HP system. By means of numerical simulations, with simulation program TRNSYS, the energetic performance of a PVT-HP system and the system components are investigated. It is shown that the PVT-HP can cover the annual energy demand of a residential building. The corresponding Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) is equal to 3.6. Furthermore, the effect of varying weather conditions, occupancy and building orientations on the performance of the reference system is analyzed. The SPF for the investigated scenarios varies between 3.0 and 3.9. Lastly, two system parameters, the PVT collector area, and the PVT collector type are varied as an initial step in the optimization of the system performance. To sum up, the presented PVT-HP model is suitable for dynamic system simulation and the exploration of the system concepts. The simulation study shows that a PVT-HP system can cover the annual energy demand of a residential building. Lastly, parametric variations showcase the optimization potential of PVT-HP systems.

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Myhan, Ryszard, Karolina Szturo, Monika Panfil e Zbigniew Szwejkowski. "The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Optimal Setting of Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid Solar Collectors—A Case Study". Energies 13, n. 18 (4 settembre 2020): 4612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184612.

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The potential absorption of solar energy in photovoltaic thermal (PVT) hybrid solar collectors at different tilt angles was compared in the present study. The optimal tilt angles were tested in three variants: during 1 day, 1 year and a period of 30 years. Simulations were performed based on actual weather data for 30 years, including average hourly total radiation, insolation and air temperature. The apparent movement of the Sun across the sky, solar radiation properties, and the electrical and thermal efficiency of a PVT collector were also taken into account in the simulation model. The optimal orientation of the absorber surface was determined by solving an optimization task. The results of the study indicate that in the long-term perspective, the collector’s performance is maximized when the absorber is positioned toward the south at an elevation angle of 34.1°.

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Roshanzadeh, Behnam, Levi Reyes Premer e Gowtham Mohan. "Developing an Advanced PVT System for Sustainable Domestic Hot Water Supply". Energies 15, n. 7 (23 marzo 2022): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072346.

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Energy consumption is steadily increasing with the ever-growing population, leading to a rise in global warming. Building energy consumption is one of the major sources of global warming, which can be controlled with renewable energy installations. This paper deals with an advanced evacuated hybrid solar photovoltaic–thermal collector (PVT) for simultaneous production of electricity and domestic hot water (DHW) with lower carbon emissions. Most PVT projects focus on increasing electricity production by cooling the photovoltaic (PV). However, in this research, increasing thermal efficiency is investigated through vacuum glass tube encapsulation. The required area for conventional unglazed PVT systems varies between 1.6–2 times of solar thermal collectors for similar thermal output. In the case of encapsulation, the required area can decrease by minimizing convective losses from the system. Surprisingly, the electrical efficiency was not decreased by encapsulating the PVT system. The performance of evacuated PVT is compared to glazed and unglazed PVTs, and the result shows a 40% increase in thermal performance with the proposed system. All three systems are simulated in ANSYS 18.1 (Canonsburg, PA, USA) at different mass flow rates and solar irradiance.

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Malaiyappan, Prakash, P. Nandha Kumar e G. Renuka Devi. "Experimental Investigation of Water Cooled Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Collector". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012002.

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Abstract With an increasing expected energy demand and current dominance of coal electrification world needs alternative sources which are abundant and ease of availability in nature such as Solar, wind, tidal etc., in which solar PV energy is one of the favorable energy sources. Various strategies are studied in this paper to improve the efficiency of solar PV modules. The efficiency of PV modules increases as the surface temperature of the modules is lowered using various cooling techniques. Experiments on solar PV modules with water circulation have been carried out, and the heat generated has been used for thermal applications. The reference panel was matched to an experimental observation for water circulation. It was observed that the water circulation system is 10.4 %, with a greater performance at 866 W/m2 solar radiation. Water is used as a cooling medium to extract heat from the PV panel. The project’s purpose is to improve the efficiency and power output of hybrid PVT(Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors)while also optimizing the design. The project’s purpose is to improve the efficiency and power output of the hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors(PVT) collector, as well as the power output of the PV panels. The tests are carried out with and without cooling on a 50W PV panel. The cooling of the PV panel is accomplished through forced and natural convection of water in the duct. The performances of forced and natural circulation are validated with the solar panels output power and efficiency.

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Mysak, Stepan, Stepan Shapoval e Anna Hyvliud. "Development of a combined system with a hybrid solar collector and determination of its thermal characteristics". Energy-saving technologies and equipment 3, n. 8 (129) (28 giugno 2024): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.304932.

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The object of the study: a system with a photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector. The main problem addressed is to enhance the conversion and utilization efficiency of solar energy by developing a new design of photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector. A computer model of the proposed design of a photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector (PVT) was developed, and its thermotechnical characteristics were investigated. Patterns of temperature changes in the heat transfer fluid in PVT and thermal accumulator over time of irradiation were determined. It is shown that the instantaneous thermal power of the solar collector was 540 W/m2, and the efficiency was 0.6. Changes in the instantaneous specific thermal power of the system with PVT (up to 450 W/m2) and its efficiency in heat accumulation in the accumulator (0.5) were studied. The high efficiency of PVT can be explained by its optimal design, which ensures simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energy, as well as balancing of the operation of the thermal and photovoltaic parts. The main difference between the developed model and existing analogs is the comprehensive consideration of the interaction of the thermal and photovoltaic parts in one installation. The model allows optimizing the PVT design to increase its efficiency. The research has allowed developing a new design of a photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector, which ensures high efficiency of conversion and utilization of solar energy. The obtained results and the developed model provide a basis for further improvement of PVT and its implementation in power systems of buildings and technological processes to increase the share of solar energy utilization and reduce fossil fuel consumption

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Conti, Schito e Testi. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors in a Nearly Zero-Energy Building". Energies 12, n. 8 (25 aprile 2019): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081582.

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This paper analyzes the use of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors in nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs). We present a design methodology based on the dynamic simulation of the whole energy system, which includes the building energy demand, a reversible heat pump as generator, the thermal storage, the power exchange with the grid, and both thermal and electrical energy production by solar collectors. An exhaustive search of the best equipment sizing and design is performed to minimize both the total costs and the non-renewable primary energy consumption over the system lifetime. The results show that photovoltaic/thermal technology reduces the non-renewable primary energy consumption below the nearly zero-energy threshold value, assumed as 15 kWh/(m2·yr), also reducing the total costs with respect to a non-solar solution (up to 8%). As expected, several possible optimal designs exist, with an opposite trend between energy savings and total costs. In all these optimal configurations, we figure out that photovoltaic/thermal technology favors the production of electrical energy with respect to the thermal one, which mainly occurs during the summer to meet the domestic hot water requirements and lower the temperature of the collectors. Finally, we show that, for a given solar area, photovoltaic/thermal technology leads to a higher reduction of the non-renewable primary energy and to a higher production of solar thermal energy with respect to a traditional separate production employing photovoltaic (PV) modules and solar thermal (ST) collectors.

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Margoum, Safae, Bekkay Hajji, Stefano Aneli, Giuseppe Marco Tina e Antonio Gagliano. "Optimizing Nanofluid Hybrid Solar Collectors through Artificial Intelligence Models". Energies 17, n. 10 (10 maggio 2024): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17102307.

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This study systematically explores and compares the performance of various artificial-intelligence (AI)-based models to predict the electrical and thermal efficiency of photovoltaic–thermal systems (PVTs) cooled by nanofluids. Employing extreme gradient boosting (XGB), extra tree regression (ETR), and k-nearest-neighbor (KNN) regression models, their accuracy is quantitatively evaluated, and their effectiveness measured. The results demonstrate that both XGB and ETR models consistently outperform KNN in accurately predicting both electrical and thermal efficiency. Specifically, the XGB model achieves remarkable correlation coefficient (R2) values of approximately 0.99999, signifying its superior predictive capabilities. Notably, the XGB model exhibits a slightly superior performance compared to ETR in estimating electrical efficiency. Furthermore, when predicting thermal efficiency, both XGB and ETR models demonstrate excellence, with the XGB model showing a slight edge based on R2 values. Validation against new data points reveals outstanding predictive performance, with the XGB model attaining R2 values of 0.99997 for electrical efficiency and 0.99995 for thermal efficiency. These quantitative findings underscore the accuracy and reliability of the XGB and ETR models in predicting the electrical and thermal efficiency of PVT systems when cooled by nanofluids. The study’s implications are significant for PVT system designers and industry professionals, as the incorporation of AI-based models offers improved accuracy, faster prediction times, and the ability to handle large datasets. The models presented in this study contribute to system optimization, performance evaluation, and decision-making in the field. Additionally, robust validation against new data enhances the credibility of these models, advancing the overall understanding and applicability of AI in PVT systems.

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Aziz, Muhammad Syazwan Bin, Adnan Ibrahim e Muhammad Amir Aziat Bin Ishak. "Energy performance evaluation of a photovoltaic thermal phase change material (PVT-PCM) using a spiral flow configuration". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, n. 5 (15 agosto 2023): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.56052.

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A relatively new technology, a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) solar collector, allows for producing electrical and thermal energy. However, the module heats up more when exposed to sunlight thanks to the PVT collector's incorporation, reducing its efficiency. Consequently, lowering the operating temperature is crucial for maximizing the system's effectiveness. This research aims to create a photovoltaic thermal phase change material (PVT-PCM) solar collector and evaluate its energy performance through a controlled laboratory environment. Two different PVT collector designs, one using water and the other using a phase change material (PCM), were evaluated using a spiral flow configuration. Under a sun simulator, the PVT solar collector was subjected to 400 W/m2, 600 W/m2, and 800 W/m2 of solar irradiation at three different mass flow rates. The results showed that under 800 W/m2 of solar irradiation and 0.033 kg/s mass flow rate, the collector using water could only reach an overall maximum efficiency of 64.34 %, whereas the PVT-PCM configuration with spiral flow had the maximum performance, with an overall efficiency of 67.63%.

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K.Panjwani, M., S. X. Yang, F. Xiao, K. H. Mangi, R. M. Larik, F. H. Mangi, M. Menghwar, J. Ansari e K. H. Ali. "Hybrid concentrated photovoltaic thermal technology for domestic water heating". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2019): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1136-1143.

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There is an increasing reliance on renewable energy especially Solar Energy as the fossils are on the way to depletion.It offers an environmental friendly solution with an affordable comparative paradigm. Solar photovoltaic-thermal collectors have remained of the particular interest because of their higher overall efficiencies. Most of its applications related with solar hybrid PVT systems focuses more on electrical output rather than thermal output, and the contacting fluid is allowed to act as a coolant to assure that the solar cell operates in the ranges specified by the manufacturer to guarantee higher electrical efficiency. This ultimately allows fluid to retain higher temperature that could be utilized for meeting the heating demand of any residential household. First, the PVT analyses are performed over a system comprising of Fresnel-based Solar Module to allow higher irradiance to fall for relative higher conversion of efficiency and to achieve higher temperature ranges in the contacting fluid (water). The electrical parameters are compared, and a significant increase in the power ranges is concluded. Secondly, a simulated thermal structure of the heating tank is presented that utilises the heated water from the PVT system in meeting the heating demand of a residential household. When accounting all the electrical parameters, approximately 10% increase is noticed in power produced, and sufficient energy used for the traditional heating of water is retained.

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Lee, Jeongbin, e Jungwoo Shin. "The Economic Value of New Sustainable Products: The Case of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Hybrid Solar Collectors". Energies 16, n. 14 (19 luglio 2023): 5473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145473.

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Abstract (sommario):

Among green energy technologies, solar power is a promising technology in the net-zero era of the power industry. Conventional solar modules have decreasing efficiency weaknesses as the temperature rises, whereas photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems do not remove heat from the module or lower the temperature. However, the profitability of PVT systems has been underestimated. The profitability of new convergence products, such as PVT technology, entering the market for the first time allows for the evaluation of the appropriate starting price and policy requirements to support the product’s market entrance. We used the contingent valuation method (CVM) to solve this problem. The survey derived the respondents’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) and the total amount of social benefits. Among these CVM models, the one-and-one-half-bound (OOHB) spike model was used to distinguish zero WTP. Based on a survey of 300 households, respondents were willing to pay an additional yearly average income tax of KRW 10,608 (USD 7.90), and the total social benefit of PVT technology was calculated to be KRW 145 billion (USD 108 million). This result shows that individuals evaluate the value of PVT as 3.69% of their monthly electricity bill and 2.8% of their monthly gas bill. Several additional factors that influence WTP were analyzed, indicating a high possibility of PVT adoption by individuals who have replaced or are planning to replace photovoltaic (PV) modules. This study is significant because it examines the economic value of PVT and proposes a focus group for the effective market entry of new carbon neutrality products.

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Hiendro, Ayong, Fitriah Husin, Muhammad Taufiqurrahman e Abqori Aula. "Experimental investigation of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal energy system for hot air production". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, n. 3 (1 giugno 2024): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i3.6823.

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Solar energy as a non-fossil alternative energy source has become the best choice to overcome the problem of energy demand in most countries in the world. There are two different techniques to convert solar energy: photovoltaic (PV) panels to produce electricity and thermal collectors to generate heat. The two technologies can be combined to provide electrical and thermal energy either simultaneously or separately. In order to optimize the performance of a hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) solar air heater, it is necessary to collect experimental data on solar irradiation and temperature. This paper emphasized the development of a PVT energy system for hot air production in a temperature range of 50-55 °C. Additionally, experiments were constructed to monitor the information acquired from the proposed PVT solar air heater and the environment, such as hot air temperature, ambient temperature, and solar irradiation. The real-time monitoring system was set for five sample days. A microcontroller unit was used to control the hot air temperature and save the measurement data into memory. The experimental results showed that the proposed PVT solar air heater is capable of maintaining a certain level of hot air temperature throughout the day and night.

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Hossain, MD Shouquat, Laveet Kumar, Adeel Arshad, Jeyraj Selvaraj, A. K. Pandey e Nasrudin Abd Rahim. "A Comparative Investigation on Solar PVT- and PVT-PCM-Based Collector Constancy Performance". Energies 16, n. 5 (25 febbraio 2023): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052224.

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Abstract (sommario):

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has a lower adoption rate than expected because of different weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, and stormy) and high material manufacturing costs. To overcome the barriers to adoption, many researchers are developing methods to increase its performance. A photovoltaic–thermal absorber hybrid system may shift its performance, but to become more efficient, the technology could improve with some strong thermal absorber materials. A phase change material (PCM) could be a suitable possibility to enhance the (electrical and thermal) PV performance. In this study, a solar PVT hybrid system is developed with a PCM and analyzed for comparative performance based on Malaysian weather conditions. The result shows PV performance (both electrical and thermal) was increased by utilizing PCMs. Electrical and thermal efficiency measurements for different collector configurations are compared, and PV performance and temperature readings are presented and discussed. The maximum electrical and thermal efficiency found for PVT and PVT-PCM are 14.57% and 15.32%, and 75.29% and 86.19%, respectively. However, the present work may provide extensive experimental methods for developing a PVT-PCM hybrid system to enhance electrical and thermal performance and use in different applications.

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25

Yandri, Erkata. "Modeling Joule Heating Effect on Thermal Efficiency of Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Collectors with Operation Mode Factor (OMF)". Applied Sciences 12, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2022): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020742.

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Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of the present study is developing the operation mode factor (OMF) by remodeling the thermal efficiency model of a hybrid PVT collector during steady state. Joule heating occurs when the photovoltaic (PV) panel operates at a high current during maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on higher irradiation. Under these conditions, some electrical energy converts to thermal energy within the PV cells. Joule heating contributed to increasing the PVT thermal efficiency. The steps were to construct the OMF by remodeling the thermal efficiency involving the Joule heating effect and to validate the results using the model by comparing the simulation and experiment. The dimensionless OMF was responsible for changes in thermal efficiency for PVT-mode. The conductive heat transfer coefficient from the surface to the absorber was the most decisive component in the OMF. Heat removal factor and OMF might be interrelated at the mass flow rate by decreasing PV temperature to maintain Joule heating. The proposed model with OMF had explained PVT-mode and T-mode with the RMS value of less than 1%. This model complemented the results of the previous studies. The results may contribute from the initial design to the operational monitoring for thermal to electrical energy production.

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Ocłoń, Paweł, Maciej Ławryńczuk e Marek Czamara. "A New Solar Assisted Heat Pump System with Underground Energy Storage: Modelling and Optimisation". Energies 14, n. 16 (20 agosto 2021): 5137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165137.

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The objectives of this work are: (a) to present a new system for building heating which is based on underground energy storage, (b) to develop a mathematical model of the system, and (c) to optimise the energy performance of the system. The system includes Photovoltaic Thermal Hybrid Solar Panels (PVT) panels with cooling, an evacuated solar collector and a water-to-water heat pump. Additionally, storage tanks, placed underground, are used to store the waste heat from PVT panels cooling. The thermal energy produced by the solar collectors is used for both domestic hot water preparation and thermal energy storage. Both PVT panels and solar collectors are assembled with a sun-tracking system to achieve the highest possible solar energy gain. Optimisation of the proposed system is considered to achieve the highest Renewable Energy Sources (RES) share during the heating period. Because the resulting optimisation problem is nonlinear, the classical gradient-based optimisation algorithm gives solutions that are not satisfying. As alternatives, three heuristic global optimisation methods are considered: the Genetic Algorithm (GA), the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm, and the Jaya algorithm. It is shown that the Jaya algorithm outperforms the GA and PSO methods. The most significant result is that 93% of thermal energy is covered by using the underground energy storage unit consisting of two tanks.

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27

Barbu, Madalina, Monica Siroux e George Darie. "Performance Analysis and Comparison of an Experimental Hybrid PV, PVT and Solar Thermal System Installed in a Preschool in Bucharest, Romania". Energies 16, n. 14 (12 luglio 2023): 5321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145321.

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Abstract (sommario):

The demand for on-site production of energy is showing a rapid increase as the trend of decentralisation and energy self-reliance gains momentum. This paper studies and compares three of the main solar energy technologies: photovoltaic, solar thermal panels and hybrid photovoltaic thermal panels. A prototype experimental installation consisting of the aforementioned technologies was set up on the campus of University Politehnica Bucharest. Data were collected over several months, then the instantaneous power production and overall system performance was computed. The system was analysed in four types of weather patterns, and its suitability was assessed in each case. The results show that the performance of PVT panels is closely connected to the dissipation of the thermal energy collected in the thermal storage tank. In addition, PVT collectors can outperform the PV panels in accordance to the thermal energy demand of the end user when used in an installation with suitable dimensions.

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28

Mohammed Sultan, Sakhr, Chih Ping Tso, Ervina Efzan Mohd Noor, Fadhel Mustafa Ibrahim e Saqaff Ahmed Alkaff. "Parametric Study of Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector Using An Improved Parallel Flow". Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 2, n. 1 (17 giugno 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2020.2.1.4.

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Abstract (sommario):

Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector (PVT) is a hybrid technology used to produce electricity and heat simultaneously. Current enhancements in PVT are to increase the electrical and thermal efficiencies. Many PVT factors such as type of absorber, thermal conductivity, type of PV module and operating conditions are important parameters that can control the PVT performance. In this paper, an analytical model, using energy balance equations, is studied for PVT with an improved parallel flow absorber. The performance is calculated for a typical sunny weather in Malaysia. It was found that the maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies are 12.9 % and 62.6 %, respectively. The maximum outlet water temperature is 59 oC.

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29

Guo, Jianyu, e Lixian Zheng. "Numerically study on a new hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors with natural circulation". Applied Solar Energy 53, n. 4 (ottobre 2017): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0003701x17040077.

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30

Aldubyan, M., e A. Chiasson. "Thermal Study of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Solar Collectors Combined with Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Systems". Energy Procedia 141 (dicembre 2017): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.020.

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31

Guarracino, Ilaria, Alexander Mellor, Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes e Christos N. Markides. "Dynamic coupled thermal-and-electrical modelling of sheet-and-tube hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors". Applied Thermal Engineering 101 (maggio 2016): 778–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.02.056.

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32

Park, Chang-Hyun, Yu-Jin Ko, Jong-Hyun Kim e Hiki Hong. "Greenhouse Gas Reduction Effect of Solar Energy Systems Applicable to High-rise Apartment Housing Structures in South Korea". Energies 13, n. 10 (19 maggio 2020): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102568.

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Abstract (sommario):

In South Korea, we are aiming for net zero energy use apartment home structures. Since the apartment structure in South Korea is generally a high-rise of 10 or more floors, the types of renewable energy applicable are limited to photovoltaic (PV) panels, solar collectors installed on the wall, or a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) hybrid panel combining both. In this study, the effect of PV, ST (Solar Thermal), and PVT systems on greenhouse gas reduction was analyzed using TRNSYS18. All three systems showed maximum CO2 reductions at 35° facing south. PV, ST, and PVT showed CO2 reductions of 67.4, 114.6, and 144.7 kg_CO2/m2·year, respectively. Compared to those values, when installed on a wall (slope of 90°), CO2 reduction is about 35–40% less and about 20% less at a slope of 75°. ST and PVT installed on the vertical wall have a greater greenhouse gas reduction effect than the PV installed at the optimal slope of 35°. Since the CO2 reduction difference among SW, SE, and azimuthal S is within 10%, ST and PVT are recommended for installation on high-rise apartment structure walls or balconies with the azimuthal angle of ± 45° with respect to south.

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Khelifa, A., K. Touafek, H. Ben Moussa, I. Tabet, H. Ben cheikh El hocine e H. Haloui. "Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Collector Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT)". Energy Procedia 74 (agosto 2015): 835–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.819.

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34

Nazri, Nurul Syakirah, Ahmad Fudholi, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan e Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Experimental Study of Photovoltaic Thermal-Thermoelectric (PVT-TE) Air Collector". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n. 3 (1 settembre 2018): 1390. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i3.pp1390-1396.

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In this study, an experimental study has been conducted to determine the performance of the photovoltaic thermal- thermoelectric air collector (PVT-TE) hybrid system. Hybrid system consists of photovoltaic panel (PV) and thermoelectric modules (TEs) that can improve the energy efficiency of the system. The results of output temperature (To) and plate temperature (Tp) obtained from the experiment have been used to determine the performance of this hybrid system. Effect of mass flow rate and radiation intensity is also being investigated. Experimental studies were carried out at 0.02 kg/s and 0.09 kg/s which represent minimum and maximum of mass flow rate, and radiation intensities in the range of 268-922 W/m2.

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35

Liang, Ruobing, Chao Zhou, Qiangguang Pan e Jili Zhang. "Performance evaluation of sheet-and-tube hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors connected in series". Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.411.

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El Manssouri, Oussama, Bekkay Hajji, Giuseppe Marco Tina, Antonio Gagliano e Stefano Aneli. "Electrical and Thermal Performances of Bi-Fluid PV/Thermal Collectors". Energies 14, n. 6 (15 marzo 2021): 1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061633.

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Abstract (sommario):

Photovoltaic (PV) modules suffer from a reduction of electric conversion due to the high operating temperatures of the PV cells. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) technology represents an effective solution for cooling the PV cells. This paper discusses a theoretical study on a novel bi-fluid PV/T collector. One dimensional steady-state numerical model is developed, and computer simulations are performed using MATLAB. This numerical model is based on a pilot PV/T plant, installed in the Campus of the University of Catania, and was experimentally validated. The design of the proposed bi-fluid PV/T is based on a commercial WISC PV/T collector, to which are added an air channel, an aluminum absorber with fins, and a layer of thermal insulation. The analysis of the thermal behavior of the proposed collector is carried out as a function of the flow rate of the two heat transfer fluids (air and water). Finally, the comparative analysis between the conventional water-based PV/T collector, namely PV/T, and the bi-fluid (water/air-based) WISC PVT, namely PV/Tb, is presented for both winter and summer days. For the investigated winter day, the numerical results show an overall improvement of the performance of the bi-fluid PV/T module, with an increase of thermal energy transferred to the liquid side of 20%, and of 15.3% for the overall energy yield in comparison to the conventional PV/T collector. Instead, a loss of 0.2% of electricity is observed. No performance improvements were observed during the summer day.

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37

Simón-Allué, Raquel, Raúl Villén, Gonzalo Brun, Yolanda Lara e Isabel Guedea. "Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of a New Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Air Collector: From Lab Testing to Field Measurements". Processes 11, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2023): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020588.

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Abstract (sommario):

Over the last decade, the market has experienced a growing interest in hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) technologies, although more long-term studies are needed before air-based PVT panels are fully implemented. In this paper, we present the experimental framework developed around an air-based PVT collector, consisting of a high-quality photovoltaic laminate and a newly designed thermal absorber. The experimental performance of the collector was measured both in lab testing and in a pilot plant during one of the field operations. Results show an almost constant electrical performance of 15–19%, and a thermal performance that changes a lot, ranged between 15–52% for the individual panel and 11–35% for the system of 2.5 panels in series (to maximize output temperature). Field operation presents average thermal and electrical efficiencies ranged between 16–20% with an electrical–thermal generation ratio close to 1:1.

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Alqaed, Saeed, Jawed Mustafa e Fahad Awjah Almehmadi. "Design and Energy Requirements of a Photovoltaic-Thermal Powered Water Desalination Plant for the Middle East". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 3 (23 gennaio 2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031001.

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Abstract (sommario):

Seawater or brackish water desalination is largely powered by fossil fuels, raising concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in the arid Middle East region. Many steps have been taken to implement solar resources to this issue; however, all attempts for all processing were concentrated on solar to electric conversion. To address these challenges, a small-scale reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination system that is in part powered by hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) solar collectors appropriate for a remote community in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was designed and its power requirements calculated. This system provides both electricity to the pumps and low-temperature thermal energy to pre-heat the feedwater to reduce its viscosity, and thus to reduce the required pumping energy for the RO process and for transporting the feedwater. Results show that both thermal and electrical energy storage, along with conventional backup power, is necessary to operate the RO continuously and utilize all of the renewable energy collected by the PVT. A cost-optimal sizing of the PVT system is developed. It displays for a specific case that the hybrid PVT RO system employs 70% renewable energy while delivering desalinized water for a cost that is 18% less than the annual cost for driving the plant with 100% conventional electricity and no pre-heating of the feedwater. The design allows for the sizing of the components to achieve minimum cost at any desired level of renewable energy penetration.

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Liang, Ruobing, Jili Zhang e Chao Zhou. "Dynamic Simulation of a Novel Solar Heating System Based on Hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors (PVT)". Procedia Engineering 121 (2015): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.001.

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Haloui, H., K. Touafek, M. Zaabat, H. Ben cheikh el hocine e A. Khelifa. "The Copper Indium Selenium (CuInSe2) thin Films Solar Cells for Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors (PVT)". Energy Procedia 74 (agosto 2015): 1213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.765.

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41

Martorana, Francesca, Marina Bonomolo, Giuliana Leone, Marco Beccali e Biagio Di Pietra. "Systems layouts with additional heat storages for low-temperature PVT collectors assisting Heat Pumps for DHW production". E3S Web of Conferences 343 (2022): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234304003.

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Abstract (sommario):

Systems based on the coupling of heat pumps (HP) with solar hybrid photovoltaic and thermal technology (PVT) for domestic hot water (DHW) production are a valid alternative to conventional electric production systems. In previous research, simulation models were developed in order to study the dynamic behaviour of a plant set-up based on the integration of an air-to-water heat pump aimed at DHW production with a rated power of 700 W and a storage tank of 500 lt. It was coupled with a plant of 6 PVT flat uncovered hybrid solar collectors with a peak power of 300 W for each module. Starting from the results obtained in the pre-sizing stage, in this study, a plant configuration was analysed to maximize the exploitation of the low-temperature contribution provided by the adopted PVT collectors. With this aim, the efficacy of the introduction of a solar water preheating storage in addition to the one normally integrated into the HP was investigated. Different operational scenarios have been studied to evaluate the best energy management strategies to be implemented. They consider the influence that the thermal capacity of the solar storage could have on the system performance according to its volume and the setpoint temperatures. The obtained results show that the proposed plant solution generally allows an increase in solar energy exploitation for DHW production and a reduction in HP electricity consumption.

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42

Nazri, Nurul Syakirah, Ahmad Fudholi e Muslizainun Mustapha. "Energy Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal-Thermoelectric (PVT-TE) Air Collector System". Jurnal Kejuruteraan SI1, n. 3 (31 ottobre 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(3)-07.

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Rukman, Nurul Shahirah Binti, Ahmad Fudholi, Ivan Taslim, Merita Ayu Indrianti, Intan Noviantari Manyoe, Uce Lestari e Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Energy and exergy efficiency of water-based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems: an overview". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, n. 2 (1 giugno 2019): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp987-994.

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Abstract (sommario):

Conventional fuels are not free, scarce and expensive, and its future cost and availability are uncertain. Hence, the usage of solar energy in applications will probably increase and further become economically feasible in the near future. Solar energy is free, clean, and renewable and has been widely used in electricity generation and thermal energy via photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system. PVT is a hybrid system consists of a PV panel and a solar collector in a single unit to simultaneously produce electricity and thermal energy. In this review, energy and exergy efficiency for water-based PVT systems is presented. As conclusion, the study on exergy is still limited and is recommended to be furthered in order to obtained useful energy generation by the system.

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Pintanel, Mª Teresa, Amaya Martínez-Gracia, Mª Pilar Galindo, Ángel A. Bayod-Rújula, Javier Uche, Juan A. Tejero e Alejandro del Amo. "Analysis of the Experimental Integration of Thermoelectric Generators in Photovoltaic–Thermal Hybrid Panels". Applied Sciences 11, n. 7 (24 marzo 2021): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072915.

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Photovoltaic–thermal panels (PVT) have been widely studied in the last years and have proved to be a technically viable and profitable solution. This work analyses the integration of a set of thermoelectric generators (TEG) inside these panels in order to obtain additional power. The thermoelectric material takes advantage of the temperature gap between the hottest part of the system, the output flow from the collector, and the cold water feeding the solar system. An experimental test bench with a PVT having integrated TEGs and the same PVT in parallel without TEGs was mounted to compare both devices. The corresponding CFD simulation was also carried out to better understand the temperature map in the arrangement. Both experimental and computational results show that the manufacture of the panel with integrated TEGs should be carefully studied before becoming a commercial product. They also gave some guidelines for the improvement of the prototype in this integrated product.

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AL-aridhee, Sameer Teref Azeez, e Mohammad Moghiman. "Yearly Energy, Exergy, and Environmental (3E) Analyses of A Photovoltaic Thermal Module and Solar Thermal Collector in Series". Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 19, n. 1 (1 marzo 2023): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2023.01.001.

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The annual performance of a hybrid system of a flat plate photovoltaic thermal system and a solar thermal collector (PVT/ST) is numerically analyzed from the energy, exergy, and environmental (CO2 reduction) viewpoints. This system can produce electricity and thermal power simultaneously, with higher thermal power and exergy compared to conventional photovoltaic thermal systems. For this purpose, a 3D transient numerical model is developed for investigating the system's performance in four main steps: (1) investigating the effects of the mass flow rate of the working fluid (20 to 50 kg/h) on the temperature behavior and thermodynamic performance of the system, (2) studying the impacts of using glass covers on the different parts of the system, (3) evaluating the annual energy and exergy analyses of the system under Mashhad weather conditions, and (4) examining the CO2 reduction by using the proposed system. The results show that for the (glazed) PVT and (glazed) ST systems, increasing the mass flow rate of the working fluid from 20 to 50 kg/h results in 22% and 1.5% improvements in both thermal and electrical power, respectively. However, the thermal exergy of the system decreases by 40.1%. Furthermore, the (glazed) PVT/(glazed) ST systems generate approximately 86% and 264% more thermal power and energy than the PVT/ST systems, respectively. Using a (glazed) PVT/(glazed) ST system with a working fluid’s mass flow rate of 50 kg/h results in maximum thermal and electrical efficiencies of 40.7% and 16.22%, respectively. According to the annual analysis, the highest average thermal and electrical power, equal to approximately 338.3 and 24 W, respectively, is produced in August. The amount of CO2 reduction increases by increasing the mass flow rate and using a glass cover. The PVT/(glazed)ST system has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 426.3 kg per year.

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46

Lu, Longsheng, Xiaowu Wang, Shuai Wang e Xiaokang Liu. "A new concept of hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collector with natural circulation". Heat and Mass Transfer 53, n. 7 (3 febbraio 2017): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-1982-y.

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47

Calise, Francesco, Massimo Dentice d’Accadia e Laura Vanoli. "Design and dynamic simulation of a novel solar trigeneration system based on hybrid photovoltaic/thermal collectors (PVT)". Energy Conversion and Management 60 (agosto 2012): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.01.025.

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Jiang, Tieliu, Mingqi Liu e Jianqing Lin. "A Detailed Numerical Study of a Nanofluid-Based Photovoltaic/THERMAL Hybrid System under Non-Uniform Solar Flux Distribution". Sustainability 15, n. 5 (1 marzo 2023): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054377.

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Abstract (sommario):

The concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system (CPVT) adopting spectral beam splitting is a promising field of solar energy research. However, the thermo-electric properties of fluid-based CPVT collectors, which depend strongly on the non-uniform concentrated energy flux, remain unclear. This study aims to fill the gap and explore the thermo-electric properties of fluid-based CPVT collectors under non-uniform energy flux based on the finite volume method (FVM) with the Monte Carlo Ray-Trace (MCRT) method. The actual solar flux distribution on the receiver surface is obtained using Tracepro software. Then, the realistic non-uniform energy flux was employed in ANSYS Workbench 2022R1 software as a boundary condition to increase the accuracy of the CFD modeling of the system. The model is validated by comparing the results of the reference data. Moreover, the impact of uniform and non-uniform energy flux on the PV cell temperature is analyzed. In addition, the effects of mass flow rate on the electrical and thermal performance of the system are investigated. The results show that the PVT hybrid system has high conversion efficiency, with a total efficiency of more than 50%. Notably, the extreme non-uniformity of the solar-concentrated energy flux can result in local overheating of the PV cell, which may lead to irreversible damage.

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Nazri, Nurul Syakirah, Ahmad Fudholi, Wan Mustafa, Chan Hoy Yen, Masita Mohammad, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan e Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Exergy and improvement potential of hybrid photovoltaic thermal/thermoelectric (PVT/TE) air collector". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 111 (settembre 2019): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.024.

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Chow, T. T., G. N. Tiwari e C. Menezo. "Hybrid Solar: A Review on Photovoltaic and Thermal Power Integration". International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/307287.

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Abstract (sommario):

The market of solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity generation is growing rapidly. New ideas on hybrid solar technology evolve for a wide range of applications, such as in buildings, processing plants, and agriculture. In the building sector in particular, the limited building space for the accommodation of solar devices has driven a demand on the use of hybrid solar technology for the multigeneration of active power and/or passive solar devices. The importance is escalating with the worldwide trend on the development of low-carbon/zero-energy buildings. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collector systems had been studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally in depth in the past decades. Together with alternative means, a range of innovative products and systems has been put forward. The final success of the integrative technologies relies on the coexistence of robust product design/construction and reliable system operation/maintenance in the long run to satisfy the user needs. This paper gives a broad review on the published academic works, with an emphasis placed on the research and development activities in the last decade.

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Photovoltaic hybrid thermal collectors (PVT)"

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