Bibliografie tematiche / Photovoltaic cells

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Sachenko, A. V. "Lateral multijunction photovoltaic cells". Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 16, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo16.01.001.

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Bourdoucen, Hadj, Joseph A. Jervase, Abdullah Al-Badi, Adel Gastli e Arif Malik. "Photovoltaic Cells and Systems: Current State and Future Trends". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 5 (1 dicembre 2000): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol5iss0pp185-207.

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Photovoltaics is the process of converting solar energy into electrical energy. Any photovoltaic system invariably consists of solar cell arrays and electric power conditioners. Photovoltaic systems are reliable, quiet, safe and both environmentally benign and self-sustaining. In addition, they are cost-effective for applications in remote areas. This paper presents a review of solar system components and integration, manufacturing, applications, and basic research related to photovoltaics. Photovoltaic applications in Oman are also presented. Finally, the existing and the future trends in technologies and materials used for the fabrication of solar cells are summarized.

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Bin, Zihang. "A comparison between the mainstream heterojunction PV studies". Applied and Computational Engineering 7, n. 1 (21 luglio 2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/7/20230327.

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Among the wide range of third-generation photovoltaic power generation technologies, there is a widely used type of photovoltaic - heterojunction photovoltaic cells. Although each of the different types of heterojunction photovoltaics has been studied in depth, no one has considered the direct application of the different types of heterojunction photovoltaics at the application level. This paper introduces the composition and advantages of heterojunction photovoltaic cells, and briefly introduces graphene/n-type amorphous silicon heterojunction photovoltaic, organic compound/inorganic heterojunction photovoltaic, and inorganic/inorganic heterojunction photovoltaic represented by CuO and Zn2O, and summarizes the different photovoltaic conversion efficiencies, preparation methods, and other key information of these cells, and compares these information. In particular, whether the photovoltaic conversion efficiency can reach the shockley-queisser limit is examined. Among them, the photoconversion efficiency of graphene/n-type amorphous silicon heterojunction and simple metal oxide heterojunction was not very satisfactory, and finally the heterojunction PV cell constructed by the byorganic cavity-conducting material led by Graezel et al. was chosen among the different research directions of organic/inorganic heterojunction PV cells. Cavity-conducting material combined with a titanium dioxide nanofilm with adsorbed dye as a relatively ideal heterojunction PV cell for comparison was examined in this paper, which provides a proposal for the commercial development of new heterojunction PV cells in the future.

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ZWEIBEL, KENNETH. "Photovoltaic Cells". Chemical & Engineering News 64, n. 27 (7 luglio 1986): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n027.p034.

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Shvarts M. Z., Andreeva A. V., Andronikov D. A., Emtsev K. V., Larionov V. R., Nakhimovich M. V., Pokrovskiy P. V., Sadchikov N. A., Yakovlev S. A. e Malevskiy D. A. "Hybrid concentrator-planar photovoltaic module with heterostructure solar cells". Technical Physics Letters 49, n. 2 (2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2023.02.55371.19438.

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The paper presents a promising solution for photovoltaic modules that provides overcoming the main conceptual limitation for the concentrator concept in photovoltaics --- the impossibility to convert diffused (scattered) solar radiation coming to the panel of sunlight concentrators. The design of a hybrid concentrator-planar photovoltaic module based on heterostructure solar cells: A3B5 triple-junction and Si-HJT is presented. The results of initial outdoor studies of the module output characteristics are discussed and estimates of its energy efficiency are given. Keywords: hybrid concentrator-planar photovoltaic module, multijunction solar cell, Si-HJT planar photoconverter, diffusely scattered radiation.

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Shin, Dong, e Suk-Ho Choi. "Recent Studies of Semitransparent Solar Cells". Coatings 8, n. 10 (20 settembre 2018): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100329.

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It is necessary to develop semitransparent photovoltaic cell for increasing the energy density from sunlight, useful for harvesting solar energy through the windows and roofs of buildings and vehicles. Current semitransparent photovoltaics are mostly based on Si, but it is difficult to adjust the color transmitted through Si cells intrinsically for enhancing the visual comfort for human. Recent intensive studies on translucent polymer- and perovskite-based photovoltaic cells offer considerable opportunities to escape from Si-oriented photovoltaics because their electrical and optical properties can be easily controlled by adjusting the material composition. Here, we review recent progress in materials fabrication, design of cell structure, and device engineering/characterization for high-performance/semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells, and discuss major problems to overcome for commercialization of these solar cells.

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Pastuszak, Justyna, e Paweł Węgierek. "Photovoltaic Cell Generations and Current Research Directions for Their Development". Materials 15, n. 16 (12 agosto 2022): 5542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165542.

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different generations of photovoltaic cells and current research directions focusing on their development and manufacturing technologies. The introduction describes the importance of photovoltaics in the context of environmental protection, as well as the elimination of fossil sources. It then focuses on presenting the known generations of photovoltaic cells to date, mainly in terms of the achievable solar-to-electric conversion efficiencies, as well as the technology for their manufacture. In particular, the third generation of photovoltaic cells and recent trends in its field, including multi-junction cells and cells with intermediate energy levels in the forbidden band of silicon, are discussed. We also present the latest developments in photovoltaic cell manufacturing technology, using the fourth-generation graphene-based photovoltaic cells as an example. An extensive review of the world literature led us to the conclusion that, despite the appearance of newer types of photovoltaic cells, silicon cells still have the largest market share, and research into ways to improve their efficiency is still relevant.

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Zhou, Fu Fang, Chun Xu Pan e Yuan Ming Huang. "Organic Photovoltaic Cells Prepared with Toluene Sulfonic Acid Doped Polypyrrole". Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (gennaio 2010): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.450.

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Organic photovoltaic cells were fabricated by sandwiching p-toluene sulfonic acid doped conducting polymer polypyrrole between indium-tin-oxide cathodes and aluminum anodes. The active polymeric layers could effectively absorb incident photons more than 75 % in the entire spectral region of 250~1100 nm. Upon light exposure, the short-circuit current and the open-circuit voltage were recorded up to 0.6 μA/cm2 and 60 mV, respectively, for the organic photovoltaic cells. The dynamics of the generation and decay of the photocurrent and photovoltage in our organic photovoltaic cells were investigated.

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Zhou, Fu Fang, Qing Lan Ma, Yuan Ming Huang, Zhuo Ran She e Chun Xu Pan. "Effects of Phosphoric Acid on the Photovoltaic Properties of Photovoltaic Cells with Laminated Polypyrrole-Fullerene Layers". Materials Science Forum 663-665 (novembre 2010): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.861.

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By applying phosphoric acid in dispersion of fullerene in the fabrication of polypyrrolefullerene photovoltaic cells we present laminated active structure of polypyrrole and subsequent fullerene layers, with two other reference methods to incorporate fullerene: (i) in a physically blended monolayer; and (ii) in a blend from chemical reaction. I-V characteristics show that a blend monolayer cell can display photosensitive effect however without photovoltaics; a bilayer cell displays photovoltaics either in dark or in illumination, with its VOC up to1V and its JSC up to12.5 μA cm-2 under AM1 105 mW cm-2 condition. The results demonstrate that phosphoric acid is effective in dispersion of fullerene as well as combining it with polypyrrole layer in a photovoltaic cell. The effects of phosphoric acid in fabricating a bilayered photovoltaic cell are discussed mainly in terms of H-bonding.

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Wu, Ming-Chung, Ching-Mei Ho, Kai-Chi Hsiao, Shih-Hsuan Chen, Yin-Hsuan Chang e Meng-Huan Jao. "Antisolvent Engineering to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Solar Cells". Nanomaterials 13, n. 1 (23 dicembre 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010059.

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High absorption ability and direct bandgap makes lead-based perovskite to acquire high photovoltaic performance. However, lead content in perovskite becomes a double-blade for counterbalancing photovoltaic performance and sustainability. Herein, we develop a methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI), a perovskite-derivative, to serve as a lead-free light absorber layer. Owing to the short carrier diffusion length of MBI, its film quality is a predominant factor to photovoltaic performance. Several candidates of non-polar solvent are discussed in aspect of their dipole moment and boiling point to reveal the effects of anti-solvent assisted crystallization. Through anti-solvent engineering of toluene, the morphology, crystallinity, and element distribution of MBI films are improved compared with those without toluene treatment. The improved morphology and crystallinity of MBI films promote photovoltaic performance over 3.2 times compared with the one without toluene treatment. The photovoltaic device can achieve 0.26% with minor hysteresis effect, whose hysteresis index reduces from 0.374 to 0.169. This study guides a feasible path for developing MBI photovoltaics.

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Tesi sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Joseph, Savina Rita. "Current generation in photovoltaic cells". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed430576-6066-43bd-86fa-ead9c44c20c5.

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In this thesis we present an analysis of the operation of a particular type of hybrid photovoltaic device called a solid-state dye-sensitised solar cell. A mathematical model is used to describe the cell's operation, from the moment the photon reaches the surface of the device, until it is collected at the end electrodes. The invention of the solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells is recent and is part of the greater search for stable, low cost and efficient alternative means of energy generation. As the physical and chemical analysis has progressed in recent years, there is a need to establish a mathematical model to describe their behaviour. This thesis includes such mathematical analysis, based on our current knowledge of semiconductors and opto-electrochemical properties of solid-state material. The effect of these properties and of the geometry of the cell are examined in detail using analytical, but also numerical techniques that allow to circumvent the complexities involved. In this thesis, we show how conducting electrons can be generated by absorbing photons within an internal dye layer and are then transported via diffusion in the device until they reach the electrodes connecting it to an external electric circuit. While there are several limiting factors in the analysis, including the geometry of the device, the mathematical model appears to agree qualitatively well with available data on the current generation of solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells.

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Kang, Moon Hee. "Development of high-efficiency silicon solar cells and modeling the impact of system parameters on levelized cost of electricity". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47647.

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The objective of this thesis is to develop low-cost high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells which are at the right intersection of cost and performance to make photovoltaics (PV) affordable. The goal was addressed by improving the optical and electrical performance of silicon solar cells through process optimization, device modeling, clever cell design, fundamental understanding, and minimization of loss mechanisms. To define the right intersection of cost and performance, analytical models to assess the premium or value associated with efficiency, temperature coefficient, balance of system cost, and solar insolation were developed and detailed cost analysis was performed to quantify the impact of key system and financial parameters in the levelized cost of electricity from PV.

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Wijayantha, Kahagala Gamage Upul. "Characterisation of dye sensitised photovoltaic cells". Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341703.

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Shaw, Nicola Jane. "Studies of dye sensitised photovoltaic cells". Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301538.

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Zhao, Lin. "Polymer-based photovoltaic devices /". View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202003%20ZHAO.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Pendyala, Raghu Kishore. "Automated Simulation of Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells". Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15338.

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This project is an extension of a pre-existing simulation program (‘Simulation_2dioden’). This simulation program was first developed in Konarka Technologies. The main purpose of the project ‘Simulation_2dioden’ is to calibrate the values of different parameters like, Shunt resistance, Series resistance, Ideality factor, Diode current, epsilon, tau, contact probability, AbsCT, intensity, etc; This is one of the curve fitting procedure’s. This calibration is done by using different equations. Diode equation is one of the main equation’s used in calculating different currents and voltages, from the values generated by diode equation all the other parameters are calculated.

The reason for designing this simulation_2dioden is to calculate the values of different parameters of a device and the researcher would know which parameter effects more in the device efficiency, accordingly they change the composition of the materials used in the device to acquire a better efficiency. The platform used to design this project is ‘Microsoft Excel’, and the tool used to design the program is ‘Visual basics’. The program could be otherwise called as a ‘Virtual Solar cell’. The whole Virtual Solar cell is programmed in a single excel sheet.

An Automated working solution is suggested which could save a lot of time for the researchers, which is the main aim of this project. To calibrate the parameter values, one has to load the J-V characteristics and simulate the program by just clicking one button. And the parameters extracted by using this automated simulation are Parallel resistance, Series resistance, Diode ideality, Saturation current, Contact properties, and Charge carrier mobility.

Finally, a basic working solution has been initiated by automating the simulation program for calibrating the parameter values.

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Potscavage, William J. Jr. "Physics and engineering of organic solar cells". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39634.

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Organic solar cells have the potential to be portable power sources that are light-weight, flexible, and inexpensive. However, the highest power conversion efficiency for organic solar cells to date is ~8%, and most high-efficiency solar cells have an area of less than 1 cm². This thesis advances the field of organic solar cells by studying the physics and engineering of the devices to understand the reverse saturation current, which is related to efficiency, and the effects of area scaling. The most commonly accepted models to describe the physics of organic photovoltaic devices are reviewed and applied to planar heterojunction solar cells based on pentacene / C60 as a model system. The equivalent circuit model developed for inorganic solar cells is shown to work well to describe the behavior of organic devices and parameterize their current-voltage characteristics with five parameters. Changes in the parameters with different material combinations or device structures are analyzed to better understand the operation of the presented organic solar cells. A one-dimensional diffusion model for the behavior of excitons and treatment of the organic layers as planes is demonstrated to adequately model the external quantum efficiency and photocurrent in pentacene / C60 solar cells. The origin of the open-circuit voltage is studied using cells with different electrodes and different donor materials. While changing the electrodes does not affect open-circuit voltage, it is greatly modified by changes in the donor. Tests with additional semiconductors show the change in open-circuit voltage is not consistent from donor to donor as the acceptor is varied, suggesting a more complex relation than just the difference in energy levels. Study of the temperature dependence of the equivalent circuit parameters shows that the reverse saturation current, which has a significant role in determining the open-circuit voltage, has a thermally activated behavior. From this behavior, the reverse saturation current is related back to charge transfer at the donor / acceptor heterojunction to suggest that both the effective energy barrier presented by the energy levels and the electronic coupling are important in determining the reverse saturation current and open-circuit voltage. This marks a shift from just considering a built-in voltage or the energy levels to also considering the electronic coupling of the donor and acceptor materials. Temperature-dependent performance characteristics are also used to show key differences between organic and inorganic devices. Finally, the effect of area scaling is explored with pentacene / C60 solar cells having areas of 0.11, 7, and 36.4 cm². Analysis with the equivalent circuit model shows that performance decreases as area increases because of an increasing series resistance presented by the transparent electrode. A metal grid, to provide low resistance pathways for current, fabricated on top of the transparent electrode is proposed to reduce the effective resistance. The grid is unique in that it is placed between the electrode and the semiconductor layer and must be passivated to prevent shorts through the thin semiconductor to the back metal electrode. Analysis of the grid predicts greatly reduced series resistance, and experimental results show reduced resistance and improved performance for the 7 cm² and 36.4 cm² devices when including the grid.

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Schultz, Ross Dane. "On the design of concentrator photovoltaic modules". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015766.

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High concentration photovoltaics (HCPV) promise a more efficient, higher power output than traditional photovoltaic modules. This is achieved by concentrating sunlight onto a small 1 cm2 triple junction (CTJ) InGaP/InGaAs/Ge cell by using precision optics. In order to achieve high performance, careful and informed design decisions must be made in the development of a HCPV module . This project investigated the design of a HCPV module and is divided into sections that concentrate on the optical design, thermal dissipation and electrical characterization of a concentration triple junction cell. The first HCPV module (Module I) design was based on the Sandia III Baseline Fresnel module which comprised of a Fresnel lens and truncated reflective secondary as the optical elements. The parameters of the CTJ cell in Module I increased with increased concentration. This included the short circuit current, open circuit voltage, power and efficiency. The best performance achieved was at 336 times operational concentration which produced 10.3 W per cell, a cell efficiency of 38.4 percent, and module efficiency of 24.2 percent Investigation of the optical subsystem revealed that the optics played a large role in the operation of the CTJ cell. Characterization of the optical elements showed a transmission loss of 15 percent of concentrated sunlight for the irradiance of which 66 percent of the loss occurred in wavelength region where the InGaP subcell is active. Characterization of the optical subsystem indicated regions of non-uniform irradiance and spectral intensity across the CTJ cell surface. The optical subsystem caused the InGaP subcell of the series monolithic connected CTJ cell to be current limiting. This was confirmed by the CTJ cell having the same short circuit current as the InGaP subcell. The performance of the CTJ cell decreased with an increase in operational temperature. A form of thermal dissipation was needed as 168 times more heat needs to be dissipated when compared to a flat plate photovoltaic module. The thermal dissipation was achieved by passive means with a heat sink which reduced the operational temperature of the CTJ cell from 50 oC to 21 oC above ambient. Cell damage was noted in Module I due to bubbles in the encapsulation epoxy bursting from a high, non-uniform intensity distribution. The development of the second module (Module II) employed a pre-monitoring criteria that characterized the CTJ cells and eliminated faulty cells from the system. These criteria included visual inspection of the cell, electroluminescence and one sun current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curves. Module II was designed as separate units which comprised of a Fresnel lens, refractive secondary, CTJ cell and heatsink. The optimal configuration between the two modules were compared. The CTJ cells in module II showed no form of degradation in the I-V characteristics and in the detected defects. The units under thermal and optical stress showed a progressive degradation. A feature in the I-V curve at V > Vmax was noted for the thermally stressed unit. This feature in the I-V curve may be attributed to the breakdown of the Ge subcell in the CTJ cell. Based on the results obtained from the two experimental HCPV modules, recommendations for an optimal HCPV module were made.

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Levy, Michael Yehuda. "Design, experiment, and analysis of a photovoltaic absorbing medium with intermediate levels". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24703.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Honsberg, Christiana; Committee Co-Chair: Citrin, David; Committee Member: Doolittle, Alan; Committee Member: First, Phillip; Committee Member: Ralph, Stephen; Committee Member: Rohatgi, Ajeet

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Vaynzof, Yana. "Inverted hybrid solar cells". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609823.

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Libri sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Zhang, Chunfu, Jincheng Zhang, Xiaohua Ma e Qian Feng. Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9480-9.

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Photovoltaic materials. London: Imperial College Press, 1998.

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Cook, Gary. Photovoltaic fundamentals. Golden, CO: Solar Energy Research Institute, 1991.

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Lasnier, France. Photovoltaic engineering handbook. Bristol, England: A. Hilger, 1990.

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Photovoltaics developments, applications, and impact. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Pizzini, Sergio. Advanced silicon materials for photovoltaic applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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The physics of solar cells. London: Imperial College Press, 2003.

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K, Das B., Singh S. N. Dr, National Physical Laboratory (India) e Symposium on Photovoltaic Materials and Devices (1984 : New Delhi, India), a cura di. Photovoltaic materials and devices. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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B, Gillet W., Bates J. E, Kaut W e Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Energy., a cura di. Photovoltaic demonstration projects. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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Paranthaman, M. Parans, Winnie Wong-Ng e Raghu N. Bhattacharya, a cura di. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20331-7.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Bauer, Thomas. "Photovoltaic Cells". In Thermophotovoltaics, 53–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19965-3_4.

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Vepa, Ranjan. "Photovoltaic Cells". In Electric Aircraft Dynamics, 259–74. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429202315-10.

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Balkan, Naci, e Ayşe Erol. "Solar Cells (Photovoltaic Cells)". In Graduate Texts in Physics, 157–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44936-4_5.

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Dimroth, Frank. "III-V Solar Cells - Materials, Multi-Junction Cells - Cell Design and Performance". In Photovoltaic Solar Energy, 371–82. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118927496.ch34.

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Ovshinsky, Stanford R., e Arun Madan. "Amorphous Photovoltaic Cells". In Disordered Materials, 206–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8745-9_42.

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Tress, Wolfgang. "Photovoltaic Energy Conversion". In Organic Solar Cells, 15–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10097-5_2.

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Zhang, Chunfu, Jincheng Zhang, Xiaohua Ma e Qian Feng. "Organic Solar Cells". In Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells, 373–432. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9480-9_9.

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Zhang, Chunfu, Jincheng Zhang, Xiaohua Ma e Qian Feng. "CdTe Solar Cells". In Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells, 293–324. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9480-9_7.

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Stranks, Samuel D., e Henry J. Snaith. "Perovskite Solar Cells". In Photovoltaic Solar Energy, 277–91. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118927496.ch27.

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Zhang, Chunfu, Jincheng Zhang, Xiaohua Ma e Qian Feng. "Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells". In Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells, 65–126. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9480-9_3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Fanney, A. Hunter, Brian P. Dougherty e Mark W. Davis. "Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels". In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-138.

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Abstract The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25% [1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications. Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one of more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies. This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, hourly plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.

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Davis, Mark W., A. Hunter Fanney e Brian P. Dougherty. "Prediction of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Cell Temperatures". In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-140.

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Abstract A barrier to the widespread application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive performance tools. Architects and building owners need these tools in order to determine if the potential energy savings realized from building integrated photovoltaics justifies the additional capital expenditure. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seeks to provide high quality experimental data that can be used to develop and validate these predictive performance tools. The temperature of a photovoltaic module affects its electrical output characteristics and efficiency. Traditionally, the temperature of solar cells has been characterized using the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), which can be used in conjunction with a calculation procedure to predict the module’s temperature for various environmental conditions. The NOCT procedure provides a representative prediction of the cell temperature, specifically for the ubiquitous rack-mounted installation. The procedure estimates the cell temperature based on the ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. It makes the approximation that the overall heat loss coefficient is constant. In other words, the temperature difference between the panel and the environment is linearly related to the heat flux on the panels (solar irradiance). The heat transfer characteristics of a rack-mounted PV module and a BIPV module can be quite different. The manner in which the module is installed within the building envelope influences the cell’s operating temperature. Unlike rack-mounted modules, the two sides of the modules may be subjected to significantly different environmental conditions. This paper presents a new technique to compute the operating temperature of cells within building integrated photovoltaic modules using a one-dimensional transient heat transfer model. The resulting predictions are compared to measured BIPV cell temperatures for two single crystalline BIPV panels (one insulated panel and one uninsulated panel). Finally, the results are compared to predictions using the NOCT technique.

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Sharps, P. R., M. L. Timmons, R. Venkatasubramanian, J. S. Hills, B. O’Quinn, J. A. Hutchby, P. A. Iles e C. L. Chu. "Thermal photovoltaic cells". In The first NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47023.

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Lv, Zhibin, Dan Wang, Shaocong Hou, Hongwei Wu, Xin Cai, Yongping Fu e Dechun Zou. "Fiber Photovoltaic Cells". In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_820.

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Yuanpei, Xu, e Xuan Yimin. "Light-Harvesting and Photon Management in GaAs Solar Cells for Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Hybrid Systems". In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6357.

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The utilization of solar energy in photovoltaics is limited due to the band gap of the materials. Hence, photovoltaic–thermoelectric hybrid system was proposed to utilize solar energy in the full spectrum of AM1.5G. On this basis, a novel design of GaAs solar cell is proposed in this paper for the full spectrum absorption in the cell structure, which consists of an ultra-thin GaAs layer with nanocones on the surface and a nanogrid–AZO–Ag back contact. The Finite Difference Time Domain method is used to analyze the full spectrum absorption features for TE and TM polarizations over the incident angles varying from 0° to 60°. The designed structure shows high absorption in the full spectrum. For GaAs layer, it is shown that the solar usable energy for GaAs solar cells in 300–900nm is absorbed by GaAs almost perfectly due to the anti–reflection property of the nanocone array. The absorbed energy in the back contact in the longer wavelengths over 900nm is due to the Fabry-Perot and the localized plasmonic resonances. The structure can collect full-spectrum incident photons efficiently in GaAs solar cells for the application of photovoltaic–thermoelectric hybrid system.

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Nunzi, Jean-Michel, Carole Sentein, Celine Fiorini-Debuisschert, Andre Lorin e Paul Raimond. "Oriented polymer photovoltaic cells". In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, a cura di Zakya H. Kafafi. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.416944.

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Zhao, Y. Q., K. K. Leung, Y. Chen, C. Surya, C. K. Feng, Y. F. Chen, D. M. Chen, H. Shen e B. J. Zhang. "Silicon nanohole photovoltaic cells". In 2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6186050.

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Mascarenhas, A., Yong Zhang, J. Mirecki Millunchick, R. D. Twesten e E. D. Jones. "Lateral superlattice solar cells". In Future generation photovoltaic technologies. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53476.

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Hanna, Mark C., Zhenghao Lu e Arthur J. Nozik. "Hot carrier solar cells". In Future generation photovoltaic technologies. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53477.

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Fanney, A. Hunter, Mark W. Davis e Brian P. Dougherty. "Short-Term Characterization of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels". In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1055.

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Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one or more exterior building surfaces, represents a small but growing part of today’s $2 billion dollar photovoltaic industry. A barrier to the widespread use of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive simulation tools needed to make informed economic decisions. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has undertaken a multi-year project to compare the measured performance of BIPV panels to the predictions of photovoltaic simulation tools. The existing simulation models require input parameters that characterize the electrical performance of BIPV panels subjected to various meteorological conditions. This paper describes the experimental apparatus and test procedures used to capture the required parameters. Results are presented for custom fabricated mono-crystalline, polycrystalline, and silicon film BIPV panels and a commercially available triple junction amorphous silicon panel.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Photovoltaic cells"

Yang, Rui Q., Michael B. Santos e Matthew B. Johnson. Interband Cascade Photovoltaic Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157586.

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Barber, Greg D. Dye Sensitized Tandem Photovoltaic Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061491.

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McCamy, James, Cheng-Hung Hung e Zhixun Ma. Low Cost Production of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cells Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342514.

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DePhillips, M. P., V. M. Fthenakis e P. D. Moskowitz. Waste reduction options for manufacturers of copper indium diselenide photovoltaic cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/69007.

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Westgate, Sr, e Charles R. Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells on Flexible Substrates Integrated with Energy Storage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luglio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563841.

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Forrest, Stephen R. Inverted Organic Photovoltaic Cells on Lightweight, and Flexible Metal Foil Substrates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546867.

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Westgate, Sr, e Charles R. Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells on Flexible Substrates Integrated with Energy Storage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada553781.

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Hardin, Brian E., e Craig H. Peters. Low Cost, Epitaxial Growth of II-VI Materials for Multijunction Photovoltaic Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1353385.

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Kaplan, S. I. Determination of effects of atmospheric contamination on photovoltaic cells in concentrating systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6912463.

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Fthenakis, V., e P. Moskowitz. Manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic cells: characterization and management of phosphine hazards. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6889512.

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