Bibliografie tematiche / Phosphatic fertilizers

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

1

Wendimu, Adishiwot, Tarekegn Yoseph e Tewodros Ayalew. "Ditching Phosphatic Fertilizers for Phosphate-Solubilizing Biofertilizers: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Health". Sustainability 15, n. 2 (16 gennaio 2023): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021713.

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Abstract (sommario):
Chemical phosphatic fertilizers are mainly produced from phosphate rocks, a natural reserve that is depleting rapidly. These chemical phosphatic fertilizers are polluting the environment at an alarming rate as a result of injudicious application to farmlands. On the other hand, phosphate-solubilizing biofertilizers (PSBs) are often considered better alternatives to industrial phosphatic fertilizers in many ways. PSBs are microorganisms capable of solubilizing insoluble forms of phosphate into soluble plant-usable forms. This paper is written with the objective of discussing the impacts of phosphatic fertilizers and making the case for why we should shift to PSBs instead. Phosphatic fertilizers have numerous impacts on the environment (water bodies, land resources, and air), and micro- and macro-organisms, including humans. Chemical fertilizers also tend to be more expensive, especially for farmers in developing countries. On the contrary, PSBs tend to be safer and way more beneficial than their chemical counterparts in that they are environmentally friendly and cheaper options of availing plant-usable phosphorus. PSBs are also involved in other beneficial roles such as the production of phytohormones and secretion of anti-phytopathogenic metabolites. The phytohormones enhance plant growth and the metabolites render crops immunity against phytopathogens. Hence, it is vital to replace chemical phosphatic fertilizers with PSB inoculants both to prevent the irreversible impacts of chemical fertilizers and to take advantage of the numerous benefits of PSBs. Moreover, it does not seem as if there is an option given the fact that the global phosphate reserve is depleting and the impact of fertilizer on the environment is worsening as time goes by.
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Modaihsh, A. S., A. E. Abdallah e A. S. Mashhady. "Micronutrients as Impurities of Inorganic Fertilizers Marketed in Saudi Arabia". Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, n. 2 (1 giugno 2000): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss2pp91-95.

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Abstract (sommario):
Inorganic fertilizers with major nutrients are likely to be contaminated with some micronutrients. Fertilizers, utilized in Saudi Arabia, were analyzed for their total and water-soluble content of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. They represented three categories namely: phosphatic, solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF) and water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF). Total iron content in examined fertilizers was higher in phosphatic fertilizers and lower in WSMF. Nevertheless, only a very small portion of the total iron content is likely to be available to plants. It was estimated, on the basis of total content, that almost 2 g of iron would be applied to soil for each added kg of phosphatic fertilizer. The highest total content of Zn was recorded for phosphatic fertilizers. The data suggested that less than half kg of Zn would be accumulated in soil if 500 kg of phosphatic fertilizers were applied in one year. This value however, fell dramatically, to one fourth of the value, when only the available forms of Zn were considered. Fertilizer content of manganese and copper were lower than both Fe and Zn. Micronutrient impurities present in inorganic fertilizers might not have an immediate influence on plant nutrition due to their lower solubility.
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Modaihsh, A. S., M. S. AI-Swailem e M. O. Mahjoub. "Heavy Metals Content of Commercial Inorganic Fertilizers Used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 9, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2004): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol9iss1pp21-25.

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Abstract (sommario):
In recent years much concern has been given to toxic heavy metals, which enter the human food chain. Application of inorganic fertilizers is considered one of the potential routes of such entry, in this work 74 samples of commercial fertilizers marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were analyzed for their heavy metal concentrations. Fertilizer samples included 20 samples of phosphatic fertilizers [monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP)], 11 samples of liquid fertilizers. 31 samples of water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF) and 12 samples of solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF). Concentrations of heavy metals varied according to the type of fertilizer and the tested metal; Cr levels were the highest and Co was the lowest. Results revealed that Cd ranged from < l to 36.8 mg.kg-1, with a median of 33.2 mg.kg-1 for the phosphatic fertilizers, 9.5 mg.kg-1 for the liquid fertilizers, 19.7 for the SMNF, and 2.9 mg.kg-1 for the WSMF. The median values of Pb, Ni, Co and Cr in the phosphatic fertilizers were 14.3, 72.1, 1 1.8 and 249.3 mg.kg-1, respectively. However, the corresponding median values of these elements, in the liquid fertilizers, were 9.9, 15.6, 11.2 and 64.0 mg.kg-1 and 15.3, 43.0, 12.5 and 170.7 mg.kg-1 in the SMNF. The median contents of three heavy metals in the WSMF samples were 9.8 mg.kg-1 for Pb, 5.6 mg.kg-1 for Co. and 7.4 mg.kg-1 for Ni. The Cd. Co. Cr and Ni concentrations were lower than the tolerance limits for heavy metal addition (Cd 100 mg.kg-1, Cr, 100 mg.kg-1 and Ni, 50 mg.kg-1), and they were in a range similar to those found internationally. It is estimated that the application of an average dose of 80 kg P ha-1 annually in Saudi Arabia, contributes 13 g of Cd ha-1 to the soil.
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Gentle, S. W., F. R. Humphreys e Marcia J. Lambert. "Continuing Response of Pinus radiata to Phosphatic Fertilizers Over Two Rotations". Forest Science 32, n. 3 (1 settembre 1986): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.3.822.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Considerable growth responses to two differing phosphatic fertilizers (rock phosphate and superphosphate) applied to Pinus radiata (D. Don) were previously reported by the authors (Forest Science 11, 1965). At that time the experimental site had carried two rotations of trees, the first unfertilized. The same site has now been grown through a similar period of time in the third rotation (to first thinning) with no further fertilizer applications. Growth responses, foliage and soil chemical analyses have been compared with those obtained over the first fertilized rotation. Results showed that tree growth responses have been maintained significantly through two fertilized rotations to the present time by the original 1947 fertilization. The bulk of the phosphorus from both sources is still present in the soil surface horizon, that from rock phosphate mainly as calcium phosphate, and from superphosphate mostly in aluminum- and iron-bound forms. Implications for forest management are that where adequate growth responses can be obtained from a single long-lived fertilizer source, the investment in fertilizer becomes a long-term addition to forest site quality. Cost effectiveness has been compared for both rotations in terms of 1983 dollars. Forest Sci. 32:822-829.
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., Suwarno, e Komaruddin Idris. "Potential and Possibility of Direct Use of Guano as Fertilizer in Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 9, n. 1 (1 aprile 2007): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.9.1.37-43.

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Abstract (sommario):
Guano is a material originally from sea bird or bat excrement. This material is an important source of P fertilizerduring nineteenth century and the early part of twentieth century. The development of artificial fertilizers and the depletion of guano deposits in Peru caused guano negligibled from world fertilizers trading. Recently, guano appeared in fertilizers trading and sciencetific publications again due to the development of organic farming and increasing the price of energy sources for fertilizer manufacture. Based on its origin, guano is classified into sea bird and bat guanos; and based on its composition guano is grouped into nitrogenous dan phosphatic guanos. Moreover, guano deposits are divided into two types: cave guano and insular guano deposits. The main component of guano is N, P, and Ca elements, and the additional elements are K, Mg, and S. Both nitrogenous and phosphatic guanos are important organic fertilizers because the N content of nitrogenous guano and the P content of phosphatic guano are far higher than those of manure, agricultural waste, or muniCipal waste. In Indonesia guano deposits are widely distributed in Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusatenggara, and Irian Jaya. The most deposits are cave guano deposits which contain thousands to hundred thousands tons of guano.Consequently, it is highly potential to develop direct use of guano in our country. Futhermore, results of experiments indicated that phosphatic guano has high possibility to be used directly as P fertilizer.
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Sinha, U. S. P., e R. Chakravorty. "STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHATIC AND POTASSIC FERTILIZERS REQUIREMENT OF MULBERRY (Morus alba L.) BASED ON SOIL TEST VALUES". Scientific Temper 1, n. 01 (4 febbraio 2010): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2010.01.1.13.

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Abstract (sommario):
Two field experiments with different levels of phosphorous and potassiumfertilizers were conducted to determine phosphatic and potassic fertilizersrequirements of mulberry under rain fed condition based on soil test values. Thebiomass production (yield) of mulberry at different levels of phosphorus andpotassium fertilizers were subjected to Mitscherlish- Bray equation to estimatethe important parameters responsible for mulberry growth and production,namely, theoretical maximum yield (A), efficiency factor for soil nutrient(C1) andefficiency factor for added fertilizer nutrient (C). By utilizing the estimated C1 andC values, a ready reckoner of phosphatic and potassic fertilizers requirements formulberry has been prepared with respect to sandy loam soil.
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Thamaraiselvi, R,, e K. Arulmozhiselvan. "Fixation of soluble forms of fertilizer phosphorus in salt affected soils of Ramanathapuram and Trichy districts and acid soil of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, n. 2 (10 giugno 2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2284.

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Abstract (sommario):
Soluble phosphorus (P) applied through phosphatic fertilizers is quickly converted into low soluble P compounds in soil. For evaluating fixation ability of P fertilizers laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with saline, sodic and acid soils. Phosphatic fertilizers selected were single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), monopotassium phosphate (MPP) and 19:19:19 N, P2O5, K2O % (All-19). Fixation of P was computed based on the amount of P recovered after addition of P in the soil in increasing levels. At a typical P addition at 16 kg ha-1 the results were compared in all soils. In saline soil, high fixation of P occurred when DAP (12.18 kg ha-1) and MPP (11.28 kg ha-1) were applied. In sodic soil, high fixation of P resulted when SSP (7.10 kg ha-1) was applied. In acid soil, high fixation of P occurred when All -19 (12.64 kg ha-1), MAP (12.40 kg ha-1), SSP (12.22 kg ha-1), and DAP (11.74 kg ha-1) were applied. With all forms of phosphatic fertilizers fixation of added P occurred to the extent of 57.9 to 79.0 per cent in acid soil, 55.0 to 70.5 per cent in saline soil and 25.5 to 44.4 per cent in sodic soil. In saline soil availability of P might be higher for SSP and All-19 compared to ammonium/ potassium phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, MPP, MAP and All-19 may be preferably applied in sodic/ acid soils alternative to SSP or DAP for realizing higher P release in soils from added fertilizers for the benefit of crop utilization.
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P, SINGARAM, e KOTHANDARAMAN G.V. "RESIDUAL EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS SOURCES ON THE AVAILABILITY OF P IN BLACKGRAM". Madras Agricultural Journal 80, November (1993): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01708.

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Abstract (sommario):
A field experiment was conducted during 1985-86 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with five phosphatic fertilizer sources and three levels to study the residual effect of fertilizers added to the preceeding crops of fingermillet and maize. Aresidual crop of blackgram was raised in a cropping sequence of fingermillet-maize-blackgram and the results indiciated that the availability of soil P increased significantly with all the five sources viz., single superphosphate, rock phosphate, rock phosphate + single superphosphate, rock phosphate + phosphobacterium and Diammonium phosphate. The higher level (90 kg P2 Os/ha) resulted in enhanced availability of phosphorus in all the five sources.
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Mall, I. D. "Environmental Impact of Fertilizer Production, its Use and Role of EIA in Sustainable Fertilizer and Agriculture Development". Environment Conservation Journal 1, n. 1 (16 marzo 2000): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2000.010104.

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Abstract (sommario):
The paper presents a critical appraisal of the environmental pollution problems arising due to the production and use of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers. The paper also highlights their impact on various components of environment and role of environmental impact assessment in sustainable fertilizer and agricultural development.
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NR, Amaizah, D. Cakmak, E. Saljnikov, G. Roglic, N. Kokovic e D. Manojlovic. "Effect of waste Al-phosphate on soil and plant  ". Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 3 (19 gennaio 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/706/2012-pse.

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Irreplaceability of phosphorus as a necessary macroelement in crop production is due to limited resources and costly processing of ores and immobilization in soil, which force for seeking an alternative sources or the use of waste materials. In this paper, the waste aluminum phosphate from pharmaceutical factory used as phosphate fertilizer and its effects were compared with other phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate and rock phosphate). Except the analysis of available phosphorus (AL-method) the sequential extraction of phosphorus (modified Chang and Jackson) and sequential extraction of aluminum (modified Tessier) were performed. The experimental plant was mustard (Sinapis alba). The pot experiment was carried out on two soil types: Stagnosol and Vertisol. Application of phosphorus with aluminum phosphate had the same effect as the application of other phosphatic fertilizers in both soil types. In Stagnosol Al-phosphate directly influenced the increase in plant fresh weight by 39% and dry weight by 43% compared to the control, and also decreased the content of mobile Al for 40% and Pb for 47% in plant biomass. Based on these results, the use of waste aluminum phosphate has a potential to be used as a phosphorus fertilizer under given conditions.
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Tesi sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

1

Fleming, Nigel Kevin. "Polyphosphates and microbial uptake of phosphorus : studies with soil and solution culture". Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09af598.pdf.

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2

Smith, Leslie Owen 1960. "Effect of broadcast phosphorus on alfalfa yield and quality". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558068.

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3

Zhang, Tiequan. "Chemical behavior of phosphorus over time in fertilized soils". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34486.

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Abstract (sommario):
Fertilizer P accumulates in soils, with potential for movement to waterways, causing eutrophication. Fertilizer P reactions in monoculture corn (Zea mays L.) production over time will determine environmentally sound soil management practices. Soil P changes over time were determined on a Chicot sandy clay loam (Grey Brown Luvisol) and a Ste. Rosalie clay (Humic Gleysol). Fertilizer P was added at 44 and 132 kg P ha$ sp{-1}$ and to the Chicot soil only, manure containing 60 kg P for the first five years. Mehlich-3 (M3) extraction, soil P fractionation, $ sp{31}$P NMR analysis, P in leaching water, and path analysis were measured. Added P increased M3 P more when manure was also added, and in clay soils. To increase M3 P by 1 kg ha$ sp{-1}$ required from 3.6 to 8.1 kg ha$ sp{-1}$ fertilizer P, and when "net" fertilizer additions were used, fertilizer required was from 1.8 to 5.3 kg P ha$ sp{-1}.$ Moderately labile organic P (Po) decreased at 0 added P. With P at the rate of plant removal, inorganic (Pi) and Po fractions were unchanged. Excess P increased labile P and resistant P through moderately labile Pi. More P remained in labile Pi fractions when manure P was added, or in the soil with the higher clay content. Soil organic P levels increased upon fertilization only in the sandy loam soil. Labile and moderately labile Po could be estimated using monoester phosphate values determined by $ sp{31}$P NMR. Inorganic P values in gravitational water increased above 0.05 mg P L$ sp{-1}$ when soil labile Pi increased above 108 mg kg$ sp{-1}$ in the sandy loam soil and 69 mg L$ sp{-1}$ in the clay soil. Thus soil P movement was related to inorganic P additions. Increased fertilizer P did not increase organic P leaching losses. Fertilizer P in corn production may result in groundwater eutrophication.
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Mkpong, Offiong Etim. "The effects of variable moisture levels on extractable Bray-l P, Bray-l Al, Bray-l Fe, Bray-l Mn : fertilizer P recommendation based on quicktest technique /". The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487329662144707.

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5

Norrish, Shane A., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e School of Environment and Agriculture. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Norrish_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/613.

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This thesis examines the response to P fertiliser by wheat crops growing in the vertosol soils of the low rainfall areas of the northern grain zone of eastern Australia. Farmers in this region depend on water accumulated from rainfall over a fallow period and stored in the subsoil to increase wheat grain yield beyond that normally achievable from in-crop rainfall and to decrease the production risks due to rainfall variability. The large variability in stored water, seasonal rainfall and subsoil properties result in extremely varied yield and yield responses to P fertiliser between seasons and between sites. Finally, as a practical guide to predicting wheat response to P fertilizer: 1/. current sampling strategies of determining P only in the surface 10 cm appear to be adequate for soils with bicarbonate P concentrations greater than 15 mg/kg. 2/. For soils with lower concentrations in the surface, sampling of 80 cm is recommended. Crops with a mean concentration of bicarbonate P greater than 7 mg/kg between 10 - 80 cm are unlikely to respond to P fertiliser. 3/. No increase in profitable grain yield response was found for fertiliser applications greater than 10 kg P/ha.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Melland, Alice Rowena. "Pathways and processes of phosphorus loss from pastures grazed by sheep /". Connect to thesis, 2003. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002204.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, School of Agriculture and Food Systems,Institute of Land and Food Resources, 2004.
Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-282).
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Fu, Yong 1948. "Solid activity coefficients of phosphate adsorbed by soil". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276722.

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The data of 14 soils were used to compute the ion activity product (IAP), the ratio of the ion activity product and to the solubility product (Ksp) of the pure minerals (IAP/Ksp) and to estimate the solid activity coefficients (SAC) of the soil components. The value of IAP and SAC of AlPO4 differs from soil to soil and increases with increasing P added to soil in acid soils and for calcium phosphate in basic soils. Magnesium apparently did not cause P adsorption or precipitation in the soils studied. The SAC of aluminum phosphate ranged from 10 to 10000 in acid soils. The mole fraction of the total phosphate in soil seemed to be a more satisfactory basis for calculating the concentration of the solid phase than was measurements of the available phosphate.
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Guppy, Christopher Neil. "Phosphorus and organic matter interactions in highly weathered soils /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17420.pdf.

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Nash, David. "Phosphorus transfer from land to water in pasture-based grazing systems /". Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000752.

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Grenier, Aline M. "Influence of selected endomycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and mineral nutrition of onion grown in newly reclaimed organic soil". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69533.

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Onions are highly responsive to endomycorrhizae and improved plant growth is among the benefits associated with this symbiosis, particularly in low phosphorus soils. Although this crop is grown extensively in organic soils, few studies have been conducted on these. Onion plants (Allium cepa L. cv. Norstar) were inoculated with Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith, Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck, Glomus fasciculatum Gerdemann & Trappe, Glomus intraradix Schenck & Smith and Glomus versiforme (Karst.) Berch and grown in the field and under controlled conditions to evaluate their efficiency in newly reclaimed organic soil of low P fertility. Three species were selected to evaluate the effects of introduced endomycorrhizal fungi effects and P fertilization (equivalent to 0, 24 and 48 kg P ha$ sp{-1}$) on the growth and mineral nutrition of onion plants.
Introducing endomycorrhizal fungi in non-sterile soil did not affect the growth and mineral nutrition of onion. Crop maturity was advanced when plants were inoculated, however. Increasing levels of P fertilization did not depress root colonization and onion growth was increased significantly at the highest rate only. These results suggest that higher levels than recommended could be used in this soil. Inoculation in $ gamma$-irradiated (10 kGy, $ sp{60}$Co) soil alleviated excessive Mn absorption by onion plants. Adding P fertilizer depressed growth and root colonization when plants were inoculated with G. clarum and G. intraradix and was related to the low irradiance levels used in this study. G. versiforme appeared to be the most efficient of the introduced species.
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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

1

Menon, R. G. Compaction of phosphate rocks with soluble phosphates: An alternative technology to partial acidulation of phosphate rocks with low reactivity : IFDC experience. Muscle Shoals, Ala., U.S.A: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1996.

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2

Bolland, M. D. A. Residual value of rock phosphate fertilizers. Perth: Western Ausralia Department of Agriculture, 1987.

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3

Schultz, J. J. Phosphate fertilizers and the environment: A discussion paper. Muscle Shoals, Ala: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1993.

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4

Mair, A. Donald. Organic matter and sulfur distribution in phosphorites. Muscle Shoals, Ala: National Fertilizer Development Center, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1986.

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5

1936-, Schultz J. J., a cura di. Phosphate fertilizers and the environment: Proceedings of an international workshop. Tampa, Fla: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1992.

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Zambian Seminar on the Utilisation of Local Phosphate Deposits for the Benefit of the Zambian Farmer (1st 1991 Siavonga, Zambia). Proceedings of the First Zambian Seminar on the Utilisation of Local Phosphate Deposits for the Benefit of the Zambian Farmer: Siavonga, Zambia, June 9-12, 1991. A cura di Nkonde G. K e Zambia Fertiliser Technology Development Committee. Lusaka, Zambia: University of Zambia Press, 1991.

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Albuquerque, Gildo Sá. A produção de fosfato no Brasil: Uma apreciação histórica das condicionantes envolvidas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil: Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, 1996.

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8

Chien, S. H. Agronomic evaluation of partially acidulated phosphate rocks in the tropics: IFDC's experience. Muscle Shoals, Ala: International Fertilizer Development Center, 1988.

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9

S, Rajan S. S., Chien S. H. 1941- e International Center for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development., a cura di. Direct application of phosphate rock and related appropriate technology-latest developments and practical experiences: Proceedings of an international meeting : July 16-20, 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Muscle Shoals, AL: IFDC-an International Center for Soil Fertility and Agricultural Development, 2003.

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Grzmil, Barbara. Niskoodpadowy proces kompleksowego wytwarzania produktów nawozowych o regulowanej rozpuszczalności. Szczecin: Wydawn. Uczelniane Politechniki Szczecińskiej, 1998.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

1

Abobatta, Waleed Fouad, Amr Mahmoud Abdel Gawad, Haythum M. Salem, Mohamed A. Abdel-Salam e Taghred A. Hashim. "Sources and Solubilization of Phosphatic Fertilizers". In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 25–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16155-1_2.

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Zain, Muhammad, Muhammad Adeel, Noman Shakoor, Muhammad Arslan Ahmad, Saliha Maqbool, Jiusheng Li, Shafeeq Ur-Rahman et al. "Organic Phosphorous as an Alternative to Mineral Phosphatic Fertilizers". In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 49–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16155-1_3.

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Hignett, Travis P. "Other Phosphate Fertilizers". In Fertilizer Manual, 211–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1538-6_16.

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Scholte, L. C., e C. W. M. Timmermans. "Natural radioactivity in phosphate fertilizers". In Fertilizers and Environment, 171–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_28.

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Hignett, Travis P. "Phosphate Rock and Sulfuric Acid". In Fertilizer Manual, 149–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1538-6_12.

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Hignett, Travis P. "Some Factors Influencing Choice of Phosphate Fertilizers". In Fertilizer Manual, 219–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1538-6_17.

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Gikonyo, E. W., A. R. Zaharah, M. M. Hanafi e A. R. Anuar. "Extractable Bray-1 phosphorus and crop yields as influenced by addition of phosphatic fertilizers of various solubilities integrated with manure in an acid soil". In Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa, 409–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_42.

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Fotyma, M., L. Hammond e K. Kesik. "Suitability of North Carolina natural phosphate to Polish agriculture". In Fertilizers and Environment, 151–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_25.

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De Smet, J., G. Hofman, J. Vanderdeelen, M. Van Meirvenne e L. Baert. "Phosphate enrichment in the sandy loam soils of West-Flanders, Belgium". In Fertilizers and Environment, 381–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_65.

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Engelstad, O. P., e G. L. Terman. "Agronomic Effectiveness of Phosphate Fertilizers". In The Role of Phosphorus in Agriculture, 311–32. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1980.roleofphosphorus.c13.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

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Pašić, Sanid, e Dževad Lavić. "PRINOS SALATE „SHANGORE“ UZ UPOTREBU RAZLIČITIH NAČINA ISHRANE I NASTIRANJA ZEMLJIŠTA". In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.149p.

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The paper presents the basic characteristics and prerequisites for improving the production of butter lettuce "Shangore" in order to obtain guidelines in the application of lettuce cultivation technology, stable yield, increased nutritional value and uniform quality. Fertilization treatments in the experiment included: phosphate-based mineral fertilizer, humic acid-based organic fertilizer, and liquid organic-mineral fertilizer. The results of this research indicate that the average value of lettuce yield was the highest in the application of fertilizers with potassium phosphate and the application of mulch combination PE - black foil and agrotextiles and amounted to 45,997 kg / ha in 2021. The lowest yield of lettuce was registered in the control variant and amounted to 22,487 kg / ha in 2020.
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Wellala, Harini Chamathka, Ravichandran Vinushayini, Lasantha Herath e Colin N. Peiris. "Increasing Efficiency of Liquid Fertilizer via Incorporating Beneficial Microorganisms". In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/htea3029.

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The growing trend in organic agriculture has boosted the public awareness of organic fertilizer. The present study focused on isolating plant growth promoting microorganisms from the soil samples and incorporating beneficial plant growth promoting microbial (PGPM) strains to a provided liquid organic fertilizer to improve the efficiency of current formula. After isolating plant growth promoting microorganisms, experiments were conducted qualitatively and quantitatively to evaluate the efficacy of those species. Five phosphorous solubilizing bacteria and fungi, one potassium solubilizing bacteria, one potassium solubilizing fungi, six free living nitrogen fixing bacteria from different regions including Hambanthota, Mahiyanganaya, Galaha, Welimada, Rathnapura Sri Lanka were isolated using serial dilution plating on specific growth media and screened for various plant growth-promoting traits. The highest phosphate solubilization (67.8 mg/ml) was exhibited in PH.1 which also exhibited the highest phosphorous solubilization index (PSI) of 2, isolated from the soil sample received from Hambanthota district. Alginate encapsulation as small beads were produced from bacterial inoculum of PH.1 phosphorous solubilizing bacteria with sodium alginate, cellulose, and calcium chloride. A series of different percentages of cellulose (3% - 6%) was used during bead formation to evaluate the effect of cellulose on encapsulation efficiency of beads. Alginate beads were applied to the liquid fertilizer, incubated, and plated periodically to evaluate the efficiency of this formulation. The number of released cells of PH.1 reached 7.36 X 10 6 CFU/ml after 48 hours of incubation in the 0.25 X diluted liquid fertilizer which resulted from the bead formulation of 4% (w/v) Alginate + 3% (w/v) cellulose. The cellulose supported the entrapment of bacterial cells (plant growth-promoting bacterium) PH.1 as biofertilizer in the matrix, which reduced cell loss. The highest entrapment efficiency of 5.441% was obtained at 3% (w/v) cellulose, Overall, the appropriate content of cellulose mixed with alginate is conducive to changes in the morphology of microcapsules and increases the amount of biological encapsulation. This indicates that the beads-based biofertilizer can partially replace chemical fertilizers.
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Khlifat, Moed, Abdullah Al-yamani, Hanan El-hamad e Salah Al-thyabat. "Rare Earth Elements (ree) Extraction From Phosphate Fertilizers Waste". In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.eepp0152.

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Ragheb, Magdi, e Mohammed Khasawneh. "Uranium fuel as byproduct of phosphate fertilizer production". In Renewable Energy Conference (INREC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inrec.2010.5462550.

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Fiaschi, Daniele, Giampaolo Manfrida, Michela Massini e Giacomo Pellegrini. "Some Innovative Readily Applicable Proposals for Chemical Separation and Sequestration of CO2 Emissions From Power Plants". In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58508.

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The goal of the present manuscript is the investigation of two novel systems for partial CO2 capture from the exhausts of fossil fuelled powerplants. These systems should be relatively cheap and easily applicable to existing powerplants with minor modification, in order to make them accessible by a large range of users and favour a significant diffusion of partial CO2 sequestration. Two basic processes were proposed: 1. Absorption with a liquid solution of water and NH3; 2. Absorber/desorber system with a liquid solution of water and phosphates. In the first one, the exhausts react into an absorber column with a liquid sorbent, which is a solution of water and ammonia. The process sequestrates the CO2 in carbammate and bicarbonate and the final product are salt of ammonia, i.e. ammonium carboamate (NH4HCO3) and ammonium bicarbonate (NH4NH2COO). The outgoing streams of this process are the exhaust gas with a reduced content of CO2 and a secondary product formed by salts of ammonium, which have an interesting market potential as fertilizers. The obtained CO2 reduction level was more than 40%, while the amount of secondary products is high enough to get it marketable. In the second process, the exhausts passing through an absorber column react with a liquid sorbent, which is a solution of water and sodium (or potassium) phosphate. The process sequestrates the CO2 in bicarbonate ions by means of the ions phosphate and the outlet stream is a solution of water and phosphate and carbonate ions. This stream is collected in a desorbing column, where the phosphate ions are almost completely regenerated. The CO2 reduction level is always higher than 20% and it can also reach very high values, depending on the parameters of process.
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Wang, Zhen, Avner Vengosh, Gordon Williams, Robert Hill, Jun Hu, Gary S. Dwyer, Owen Duckworth et al. "URANIUM- AND THORIUM-DECAY NUCLIDES IN GLOBAL PHOSPHATE ROCKS AND FERTILIZERS". In Joint 72nd Annual Southeastern/ 58th Annual Northeastern Section Meeting - 2023. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2023se-384955.

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Peter, GKMR, S. Sivaruban e GMANGNMB Jayathilaka. "Determining the Characteristics of the Calcite Intrusions in the Southern Part of Eppawala Deposit and its Applicability for the Industries". In International Symposium on Earth Resources Management & Environment. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/iserme.2022.9.

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Eppawala is the only phosphate deposit that is currently being mined in Sri Lanka and is composed of mainly two parts northern and southern. The ongoing phosphate mining process in the southern part has resulted in the exposure of fresh carbonatite embedded with large apatite crystals and those intrusions need to be removed before continuing further phosphate mining in that area. Therefore, we need to address a suitable method to use those calcite intrusions properly. In this paper, we are discussing the characteristics of calcite matrix such as critical anions (fluoride, chloride), P2O5 content, heavy metals, oxides, and the suitability of applying those removing calcite boulders for further industries including the fertilizer industry. Ion selectivity, titration, colorimetry, and induced coupled plasma spectrophotometry were used for analyzing the characteristics respectively for fifteen samples from three different boulders in the southern part. Results from critical anions and heavy metal percentages proved the absence of toxicity in calcite matrix and oxides percentages showed that it can be applied directly in its natural form only for the fertilizer industry by a quantitative comparison whereas upgrading processes need to be implemented to meet the specifications in other industries.
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Vorob'eva, L., Valeriy Anischenko e Vasily Adamko. "Studying the efficiency of mineral fertilizers and biological products on the productivity and quality of green mass of lupin lupine angustifolia". In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-116-122.

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The paper presents the results of studies on the study of different doses of potash fertilizers in combination with phosphate fertilizers, both with a separate application and in combination with the biological product Humimax, when cultivating narrow-leaved lupine for green mass, in a field experiment on soddy-podzolic sandy soil (with a pollution density of 20 and more than Ku/km2). The effectiveness of the influence of doses of potash fertilizers and the biopreparation Humimax on the yield, accumulation of 137Cs and the nutritional value of the green mass of the narrow-leaved lupine was studied. It has been established that the use of the Humimax biopreparation provides an increase in the yield of the green mass of lupin up to 69%. The use of the biological product on all backgrounds of fertilization provides an increase in the content of crude protein in the green mass of lupine. Consistently increasing doses of potassium in combination with P45, both when used alone and in combination with a biological product, reduced the specific activity of 137Cs by more than 2.5 times. To reduce the accumulation of 137Cs in the green mass of lupine below the permissible level, the doses of mineral fertilizers should not be lower thanP45K150.
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Manurung, Erpina Delina, Siti Fatimah Batubara e Jeannette Maryanty Lumban Tobing. "The effectiveness of ammonium phosphate fertilizer on maize growth and yield". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ORGANIC AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ICOAC) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0183933.

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Fernando, W. J. N., N. N. R. Ahmad e A. L. Ahmad. "Release rates of phosphate from coated fertilizer through nano CaCO3-wax mixtures". In 2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceea.2010.5596089.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Phosphatic fertilizers"

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Raghothama, Kashchandra G., Avner Silber e Avraham Levy. Biotechnology approaches to enhance phosphorus acquisition of tomato plants. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586546.bard.

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Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the least available macronutrient in the soil. The high affinity phosphate transporters are known to be associated with phosphate acquisition under natural conditions. Due to unique interactions of phosphate with soil particles, up to 80% of the applied phosphates may be fixed forcing the farmers to apply 4 to 5 times the fertilizers necessary for crop production. Efficient uptake and utilization of this essential nutrient is essential for sustainability and profitability of agriculture. Many predictions point to utilization/exhaustion of high quality phosphate rocks within this century. This calls for efforts to improve the ability of plants to acquire and utilize limiting sources of phosphate in the rhizosphere. Two important molecular and biochemical components associated with phosphate efficiency are phosphate transporters and phosphatases. This research project is aimed at defining molecular determinants of phosphate acquisition and utilization in addition to generating phosphate uptake efficient plants. The main objectives of the project were; Creation and analysis of transgenic tomato plants over-expressing phosphatases and transporters Characterization of the recently identified members (LePT3 and LePT4) of the Pi transporter family Generate molecular tools to study genetic responses of plants to Pi deficiency During the project period we have successfully identified and characterized a novel phosphate transporter associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis. The expression of this transporter increases with mycorrhizal symbiosis. A thorough characterization of mutant tomato lacking the expression of this gene revealed the biological significance of LePT3 and another novel gene LePT4. In addition we have isolated and characterized several phosphate starvation induced genes from tomato using a combination of differential and subtractive mRNA hybridization techniques. One of the genes, LePS2 belongs to the family of phospho-protein phosphatase. The functionality of the recombinant protein was determined using synthetic phosphor-peptides. Over expression of this gene in tomato resulted in significant changes in growth, delay in flowering and senescence. It is anticipated that phospho-protein phosphatase may have regulatory role in phosphate deficiency responses of plants. In addition a novel phosphate starvation induced glycerol 3-phosphate permease gene family was also characterized. Two doctoral research students are continuing the characterization and functional analysis of these genes. Over expression of high affinity phosphate transporters in tobacco showed increased phosphate content under hydroponic conditions. There is growing evidence suggesting that high affinity phosphate transporters are crucial for phosphate acquisition even under phosphate sufficiency conditions. This project has helped train several postdoctoral fellows and graduate students. Further analysis of transgenic plants expressing phosphatases and transporters will not only reveal the biological function of the targeted genes but also result in phosphate uptake and utilization efficient plants.
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de Vries, Sander, Romke Postma, Laura van Scholl, Greet Blom-Zandstra, Jan Verhagen e Imke Harms. Economic feasibility and climate benefits of using struvite from the Netherlands as a phosphate (P) fertilizer in West Africa. Wageningen: Wageningen Plant Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/417821.

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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen e Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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Schuster, Gadi, e David Stern. Integration of phosphorus and chloroplast mRNA metabolism through regulated ribonucleases. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695859.bard.

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New potential for engineering chloroplasts to express novel traits has stimulated research into relevant techniques and genetic processes, including plastid transformation and gene regulation. This proposal continued our long time BARD-funded collaboration research into mechanisms that influence chloroplast RNA accumulation, and thus gene expression. Previous work on cpRNA catabolism has elucidated a pathway initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage, followed by polyadenylation and exonucleolytic degradation. A major player in this process is the nucleus-encoded exoribonuclease/polymerasepolynucleotidephoshorylase (PNPase). Biochemical characterization of PNPase has revealed a modular structure that controls its RNA synthesis and degradation activities, which in turn are responsive to the phosphate (P) concentration. However, the in vivo roles and regulation of these opposing activities are poorly understood. The objectives of this project were to define how PNPase is controlled by P and nucleotides, using in vitro assays; To make use of both null and site-directed mutations in the PNPgene to study why PNPase appears to be required for photosynthesis; and to analyze plants defective in P sensing for effects on chloroplast gene expression, to address one aspect of how adaptation is integrated throughout the organism. Our new data show that P deprivation reduces cpRNA decay rates in vivo in a PNPasedependent manner, suggesting that PNPase is part of an organismal P limitation response chain that includes the chloroplast. As an essential component of macromolecules, P availability often limits plant growth, and particularly impacts photosynthesis. Although plants have evolved sophisticated scavenging mechanisms these have yet to be exploited, hence P is the most important fertilizer input for crop plants. cpRNA metabolism was found to be regulated by P concentrations through a global sensing pathway in which PNPase is a central player. In addition several additional discoveries were revealed during the course of this research program. The human mitochondria PNPase was explored and a possible role in maintaining mitochondria homeostasis was outlined. As polyadenylation was found to be a common mechanism that is present in almost all organisms, the few examples of organisms that metabolize RNA with no polyadenylation were analyzed and described. Our experiment shaded new insights into how nutrient stress signals affect yield by influencing photosynthesis and other chloroplast processes, suggesting strategies for improving agriculturally-important plants or plants with novel introduced traits. Our studies illuminated the poorly understood linkage of chloroplast gene expression to environmental influences other than light quality and quantity. Finely, our finding significantly advanced the knowledge about polyadenylation of RNA, the evolution of this process and its function in different organisms including bacteria, archaea, chloroplasts, mitochondria and the eukaryotic cell. These new insights into chloroplast gene regulation will ultimately support plant improvement for agriculture
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