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1
Duběda, Tomáš. "The Phonology of Anglicisms in French, German and Czech: A Contrastive Approach". Journal of Language Contact 13, n. 2 (11 dicembre 2020): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01302003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In this article, I analyse the phonological adaptation of Anglicisms in three languages (French, German and Czech) from a contrastive perspective. The classification of standard phonological forms, based on a system of eight adaptation principles, aims at capturing the degree of phonological permeability/resistance for each of the languages. Phonological approximation (the substitution of foreign phonemes with native ones) seems to be the fundamental principle in all three languages analysed. The spelling pronunciation principle is observed predominantly in French; phonological import occurs only in German. Globally, phonological resistance increases in the following order: German – Czech – French.
2
Shankweiler, Donald, e Carol A. Fowler. "Relations Between Reading and Speech Manifest Universal Phonological Principle". Annual Review of Linguistics 5, n. 1 (14 gennaio 2019): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-012419.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
All writing systems represent speech, providing a means for recording each word of a message. This is achieved by symbolizing the phonological forms of spoken words as well as information conveying grammar and meaning. Alphabetic systems represent the segmental phonology by providing symbols for individual consonants and vowels; some also convey morphological units. Other systems represent syllables (typically CVs) or morphosyllables. In all cases, learning to read requires a learner to discover the forms of language that writing encodes, drawing on metalinguistic abilities that are not needed for the acquisition of speech. Therefore, learning to read is harder and rarer than acquiring speech. Research reveals that skilled readers of every studied orthography access phonological language forms automatically and early in word reading. Although reading processes differ according to the cognitive demands of specific orthographic forms, the differences are subservient to the universal phonologic principle that all readers access phonological language forms.
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Kisseberth, Charles W. "Phonological phrasing and questions in Chimwiini". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55 (1 gennaio 2011): 83–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.55.2011.410.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines how questions, both Wh-questions and yes-no questions, are phrased in Chimwiini, a Bantu language spoken in southern Somalia. Questions do not require any special phrasing principles, but Wh-questions do provide much evidence in support of the principle Align-Foc R, which requires that focused or emphasized words/constituents be located at the end of a phonological phrase. Question words and enclitics are always focused and thus appear at the end of a phrase. Although questions do not require any new phrasing principles, they do display complex accentual (tonal) behavior. This paper attempts to provide an account of these accentual phenomena.
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Nikolaev, Dmitry, e Eitan Grossman. "Consonant co-occurrence classes and the feature-economy principle". Phonology 37, n. 3 (agosto 2020): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675720000226.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The feature-economy principle is one of the key theoretical notions which have been postulated to account for the structure of phoneme inventories in the world's languages. In this paper, we test the explanatory power of this principle by conducting a study of the co-occurrence of consonant segments in phonological inventories, based on a sample of 2761 languages. We show that the feature-economy principle is able to account for many important patterns in the structure of the world's phonological inventories; however, there are particular classes of sounds, such as what we term the ‘basic consonant inventory’ (the core cluster of segments found in the majority of the world's languages), as well as several more peripheral clusters whose organisation follows different principles.
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Fey, Marc E., e Catherine H. Stalker. "A Hypothesis-Testing Approach to Treatment of a Child with an Idiosyncratic (Morpho)Phonological System". Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 51, n. 4 (novembre 1986): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5104.324.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Evaluation of a 6-year-old language-impaired girl's phonological and morphophonological systems revealed several idiosyncratic characteristics. Three hypotheses regarding the nature of this child's impairment were developed and then tested by monitoring the child's progress in therapy. The results of the intervention program supported all three hypotheses in principle. It is concluded that phonologically impaired children must learn to communicate facing articulatory and linguistic constraints similar to but often greater than those influencing the performance of younger normally developing children. It can be expected, then, that these children often will use phonological rules commonly found among normal children. It should also be expected that they occasionally will be led to phonological and morphological solutions to their communication problems that are unusual, if not idiosyncratic. The hypothesis-testing approach used in this investigation is advocated as a useful step in the development of an efficient intervention program and as a means of gaining insight into the nature of children's phonological and morphological impairments.
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Putu Wijana, I. Dewa. "PRINCIPLES OF ANTONYMOUS LEXEMIC COMBINATION IN INDONESIAN". SEMIOTIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Linguistik 24, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/semiotika.v24i1.36506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article deals with Indonesian lexemic combination whose elements consisting of lexemes having antonymous meaning. By using data collected introspectively whose grammaticality and acceptability are tested with other Indonesian native speakers, it is found that the combinations are governed by three main principles, i.e. formal, semantic, and stylistic principles. The formal principle can further be classified into rhyming, phonological, and length principle. While, the semantic principle can be differentiated into marked, diametric and chronological, equity, idiomatic, and gender principle. Those principles seems to be hierarchical whose dominance has not been revealed in this research. Therefore, the more serious research concerning this matter is urgently needed.
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Smirkou, Ahmed. "Sonority Principle in French Nominal Loanwords into Moroccan Arabic: An Optimality-theoretic Analysis". International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, n. 10 (30 ottobre 2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.10.7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines the adaptation of French nominal loans into Moroccan Arabic by adopting the framework of optimality theory. The focus is to unveil the phonological and morphological repair strategies enforced by the phonotactic constraints of the borrowing language to resolve sonority principle in complex codas. The investigated phonological strategy is schwa and a high vowel epenthesis. Schwa epenthesis is triggered to split final biconsonantal codas that violate sonority principle. In three consonantal coda clusters, schwa insertion is conditioned by the sonority value of the consonants, where it is consistently epenthesized before the most sonorous segment. A high vowel behaves differently; it is epenthesized in the final position without splitting the coda cluster, and enforces the cluster to be syllabified as an onset instead of a coda, and as such sonority principle is satisfied. It is also argued that the addition of the morphological marker {-a}, which is primarily morphologically driven, indirectly satisfies sonority principle; by doing so, it blocks the application of schwa or a high vowel epenthesis, which points to the fact that such phonological and morphological strategies conspire to satisfy sonority principle. The study also provides further support for the phonological stance on loanword adaptation.
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Batais, Saleh. "Consonantal Adaptation of Arabic Loanwords in Kiswahili and Kisukuma: A Phonological Explanation". Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, n. 2 (30 aprile 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.2p.85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Based on three lists of well-established Arabic lexical borrowings in Standard Kiswahili and Standard Kisukuma, the study attempts to answer two questions. First, the study explores what consonantal repair strategies are triggered by both Standard Kiswahili and Standard Kisukuma to ensure the conformity of the Arabic consonants with the consonantal inventories of the two borrowing languages. Second, it investigates whether these repair strategies are phonological operations. It was found that nine of the ten consonantal repairs employed by both Standard Kiswahili and Standard Kisukuma are governed by the hypothesis and principles proposed by Paradis and LaCharité (1997, 2001, 2005), that is, the Non-Availability Hypothesis, Category Proximity and Preservation Principles, and the Threshold Principle. These findings lend strong support to the argument that loanword adaptation processes are phonologically motivated. In conclusion, the paper aims to contribute primarily to the research on loanword adaptation in general, and to the literature relevant to the consonantal repair strategies in Standard Kiswahili and Standard Kisukuma, in particular.
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Picard, Marc. "Minimality as a Universal Principle of Phonological Change". Journal of Universal Language 8, n. 2 (30 settembre 2007): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22425/jul.2007.8.2.61.
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Sneller, Betsy, Josef Fruehwald e Charles Yang. "Using the Tolerance Principle to predict phonological change". Language Variation and Change 31, n. 1 (marzo 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394519000061.
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AbstractLanguage acquisition is a well-established avenue for language change (Labov, 2007). Given the theoretical importance of language acquisition to language change, it is all the more important to formulate clear theories of transmission-based change. In this paper, we provide a simulation method designed to test the plausibility of different possible transmission-based changes, using the Tolerance Principle (Yang, 2016) to determine precise points at which different possible changes may become plausible for children acquiring language. We apply this method to a case study of a complex change currently in progress: the allophonic restructuring of /æ/ in Philadelphia English. Using this model, we are able to evaluate several competing explanations of the ongoing change and determine that the allophonic restructuring of /æ/ in Philadelphia English is mostly likely the result of children acquiring language from mixed dialect input, consisting of approximately 40% input from speakers with a nasal /æ/ split. We show that applying our simulation to a phonological change allows us to make precise quantitative predications about the progress of this change. Moreover, it forces us to reassess intuitively plausible hypotheses about language change, such as grammatical simplification, in a quantitative and independently motivated framework of acquisition.
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HALE, MARK, e CHARLES REISS. "The Subset Principle in phonology: why the tabula can't be rasa". Journal of Linguistics 39, n. 2 (luglio 2003): 219–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226703002019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We demonstrate the logical necessity of assuming innate knowledge for language acquisition using toy grammars. The implications are applied to reconceptualizing the Subset Principle in terms of features, rather than, say, segments. Both syntactic and phonological issues are discussed, but the focus is on the acquisition of phonological inventories. We point out that our logical arguments converge with recent empirical results.
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Fuhrhop, Nanna, Franziska Buchmann e Kristian Berg. "The length hierarchy and the graphematic syllable". Written Language and Literacy 14, n. 2 (8 settembre 2011): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.14.2.05fuh.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Minuscules of the Roman alphabet can be subcategorized into graphemes with length (for example 〈b〉) and graphemes without length (for example 〈o〉). While plosives, which correspond to graphemes with length, occur at the syllable edge, vowels, corresponding to graphemes without length, constitute the syllable core. Based on these observations, a length hierarchy is established in which the feature ‘length’ becomes scalar. This hierarchy operates on graphematic grounds exclusively, thus being independent of phonological properties. Still a length sequencing principle as the ordering principle of the graphematic syllable can be formulated analogous to the phonological sonority sequencing principle. The length sequencing principle may be considered a typological feature to serve further descriptions of different graphematic systems based on the Roman alphabet. Data from German and English will be discussed. Keywords:graphematic syllable; graphotactics; length sequencing principle; length hierarchy; letter shape; sonority
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TANAKA, SHIN-ICHI. "METRICAL STRUCTURE AS AN ORGANIZING PRINCIPLE OF PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEMS". ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 14 (1997): 393–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.14.393.
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Salman, Dr Arwa Abdulrasoul. "Exploring The Phonetic And Phonological Nature of Neutralisation". ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 214, n. 2 (11 novembre 2018): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v214i2.635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neutralisation is a phonological term referring to the conditioned limitation on the distribution of a system's contrastive values. It involves the dynamic reduction and / or the static limitation of contrastive values within lexical form. The notion of neutralisation is important . It's importance concerns the status of the phonemic principle . And once we established the status of phonemic principle, then we have to confront the fact that two (or more) sounds are in parallel distribution and of different phonemes .
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Zubizarreta, Maria Luisa. "The Verbal Phrase in Paraguayan Guarani: A Case Study on the Role of Prosody in Linearization". Languages 7, n. 3 (19 agosto 2022): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030221.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper examines in detail the morpho-syntax of the verbal phrase in Paraguayan Guarani, in root and complement clauses, and argues that while the ordering relation between the verb and its associated functional morphemes is congruent with the syntax (cf. the Mirror Principle), the ordering of post-verbal arguments is best understood in terms of phonological linearization. More specifically, it is argued that there are language-particular prosodic requirements that force the post-verbal arguments to be phonologically linearized outside the accentual domain defined by the verb and its associated functional morphemes.
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Clements, G. N. "Feature economy in sound systems". Phonology 20, n. 3 (dicembre 2003): 287–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570400003x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Feature economy is a principle of sound systems according to which languages tend to maximise the ratio of sounds over features. The major goal of this study is to confirm the predictions of feature economy at the synchronic level, using an objective sampling technique applied to a genetically and areally balanced sample of the world's languages. It also shows that feature economy can be used as a tool in phonological feature analysis, and offers voiced aspirates, voiceless sonorants and various types of glottalised sounds as illustrations. Feature economy applies not only to distinctive feature values, but to redundant values of features that are distinctive or phonologically active elsewhere in the system. Feature economy cannot be reduced to a purely phonetic principle of gesture economy, but may reflect a general principle of linguistic organisation according to which the active categories of a grammatical system tend to be used to maximal effect.
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Ratcliffe, Robert R. "What do “phonemic” writing systems represent?" Written Language and Literacy 4, n. 1 (19 marzo 2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.4.1.02rat.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The traditional classification of phonemic writing systems into three types — syllabaries, consonantal scripts, and alphabets — is based on a phonological theory which recognizes only the syllable and the segment as potential units of representation. It is argued here that an accurate typology of phonemic writing systems requires recognition of two further dimensions of phonological structure: phonological time, and the sonority hierarchy. The analysis focuses on two “typical” non-alphabetic systems — Japanese kana and the Arabic script, the former traditionally classed as a syllabary, the latter as a consonantal script. It is argued that the two scripts in fact share a common organizational principle, namely the iconic representation of phonological time.
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Ziegler, Johannes C., Li Hai Tan, Conrad Perry e Marie Montant. "Phonology Matters: The Phonological Frequency Effect in Written Chinese". Psychological Science 11, n. 3 (maggio 2000): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00247.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Does phonology play a role in silent reading? This issue was addressed in Chinese. Phonology effects are less expected in Chinese than in alphabetical languages like English because the basic units of written Chinese (the characters) map directly into units of meaning (morphemes). This linguistic property gave rise to the view that phonology could be bypassed altogether in Chinese. The present study, however, shows that this is not the case. We report two experiments that demonstrate pure phonological frequency effects in processing written Chinese. Characters with a high phonological frequency were processed faster than characters with a low phonological frequency, despite the fact that the characters were matched on orthographic (printed) frequency. The present research points to a universal phonological principle according to which phonological information is routinely activated as a part of word identification. The research further suggests that part of the classic word-frequency effect may be phonological.
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MORITA, AIKO, e FUMIKO MATSUDA. "Phonological and semantic activation in reading two-kanji compound words". Applied Psycholinguistics 21, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): 487–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400004045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to examine whether phonological information was activated automatically in processing two-kanji compound words. In Experiment 1, 27 participants judged whether pairs of the words were homophones, while another 27 participants judged whether pairs were synonyms. Stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) was 140 ms, 230 ms, or 320 ms. In Experiment 2, 36 participants were asked to make one of the two judgments, as in Experiment 1. SOA was determined individually. The following results were found. Reaction times showed semantic interference. Phonological interference was observed only under the shortest SOA in Experiment 2. Error rates showed phonological and semantic interferences even when SOA was the longest. These findings support the universal phonological principle.
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Helland, Turid, Tomas Tjus, Marit Hovden, Sonja Ofte e Mikael Heimann. "Effects of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Intervention Principles in Emergent Literacy in Children at Risk of Developmental Dyslexia: A Longitudinal Study". Journal of Learning Disabilities 44, n. 2 (marzo 2011): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219410391188.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This longitudinal study focused on the effects of two different principles of intervention in children at risk of developing dyslexia from 5 to 8 years old. The children were selected on the basis of a background questionnaire given to parents and preschool teachers, with cognitive and functional magnetic resonance imaging results substantiating group differences in neuropsychological processes associated with phonology, orthography, and phoneme—grapheme correspondence (i.e., alphabetic principle). The two principles of intervention were bottom-up (BU), “from sound to meaning”, and top-down (TD), “from meaning to sound.” Thus, four subgroups were established: risk/BU, risk/TD, control/BU, and control/TD. Computer-based training took place for 2 months every spring, and cognitive assessments were performed each fall of the project period. Measures of preliteracy skills for reading and spelling were phonological awareness, working memory, verbal learning, and letter knowledge. Literacy skills were assessed by word reading and spelling. At project end the control group scored significantly above age norm, whereas the risk group scored within the norm. In the at-risk group, training based on the BU principle had the strongest effects on phonological awareness and working memory scores, whereas training based on the TD principle had the strongest effects on verbal learning, letter knowledge, and literacy scores. It was concluded that appropriate, specific, data-based intervention starting in preschool can mitigate literacy impairment and that interventions should contain BU training for preliteracy skills and TD training for literacy training.
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McGuinness, Diane, Carmen McGuinness e John Donohue. "Phonological Training and the Alphabet Principle: Evidence for Reciprocal Causality". Reading Research Quarterly 30, n. 4 (ottobre 1995): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/748200.
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Berent, Iris, Joseph Shimron e Vered Vaknin. "Phonological Constraints on Reading: Evidence from the Obligatory Contour Principle". Journal of Memory and Language 44, n. 4 (maggio 2001): 644–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2760.
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Treiman, Rebecca. "The Foundations of Literacy". Current Directions in Psychological Science 9, n. 3 (giugno 2000): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Learning to read and write in English requires children to master the alphabetic principle, the idea that the letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words in a more or less regular manner. Children need at least two skills in order to grasp the alphabetic principle. The first is phonological awareness, or a sensitivity to the sound structure of spoken words. The second is knowledge about letters, including knowledge of letter names and knowledge of letter sounds. Recent research sheds light on these foundational skills, documenting the linguistic factors that affect children's performance and how children put their phonological skills and knowledge of letters to use in learning to read and spell.
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Bhatta, Dharm Dev. "Adjacent Consonants and the Universality of Sonority Sequencing Principle in Dotyali Dialects: Syllable Contact Analysis". Jadila: Journal of Development and Innovation in Language and Literature Education 1, n. 3 (28 febbraio 2021): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52690/jadila.v1i3.118.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents on all the possible adjacent consonant letters in Dotyali, one of the descendant language of Sanskrit, mainly spoken in Shudoor Paschim Nepal [sʊdʊrə-pəssɪmə] (Far-western) and compares the results of their phonological changes in seven local contemporary speech (dialects)：Doteli，Dadeldhuri，Bajhangi，Achhami，Baitadeli，Darchuli and Bajureli. Based on the corpus data from the field survey conducted in between July-September 2017 on a list of 1000 frequently used Dotyali words, this paper comes with a conclusion that even the onset clusters with rising sonority profile (except glides) are broken up by vowel epenthesis or simplify the clusters by deletion. It is revealed that dialects, except from the Achhami and Bajureli, the consonants with different degree of sonority across the syllable boundary tend to be changed due to syllable contact to meet Sonority hierchy, but the sonority distance between two consonants (coda and onset consonants) varies, therefore phonological changes like assimilation, dissimilation, desonorization, contact anaptyxis, contact methasis etc. goes differently. The phonological changes in Bajureli occurs maily due to other separate independent constraints.
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Gierut, Judith A. "Syllable Onsets". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, n. 3 (giugno 1999): 708–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4203.708.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Sonority Sequencing Principle is a presumed universal that governs the permissible sequences of consonants within syllables. In two single-subject experiments, we evaluated this principle as applied to the acquisition of onset clusters and adjuncts by children exhibiting functional phonological delays (age in years;months: 3;2 to 7;8). Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that children abide by the Sonority Sequencing Principle in development, such that the occurrence and use of marked true clusters implies unmarked clusters, but not vice versa. This claim was validated, in part, by the gradient generalization learning patterns of children who were taught marked clusters. Others who were taught unmarked clusters exhibited limited learning characteristic of within-class generalization, with apparent gaps in sonority sequencing. Experiment 2 examined the role of adjunct sequences /sp, st, sk/, whose markedness status is questionable given their violation of the Sonority Sequencing Principle. Results indicated that children learned adjuncts consistent with patterns of within-class generalization, thereby supporting the view that these sequences are unmarked in structure. Experimental findings are integrated in discussion of the representation of onset clusters and their course of emergence in phonological acquisition relative to the Sonority Sequencing Principle.
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Heo, Yong. "Consonantal Structures in Phonetics and Phonology". Cross-cultural studies review 1, n. 1-2 (15 aprile 2020): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/ccsr.1.1-2.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to present and compare two different approaches (a phonetic approach and a phonological one) for the speech sound systems of natural languages. To this end, this study investigates natural speech sound systems with the consonantal systems of four Slavic languages, Russian, Polish, Czech and Serbian and Croatian, on the basis of phonetic and phonological approaches. In the phonetic approach, the consonant inventories of the four Slavic languages are analyzed with the theory of maximal and sufficient dispersion and the size principle, together with a frequency-based statistical approach. Segmental universals are discussed regarding sound types such as obstruents and sonorants. From the phonetic approach, it is shown that Slavic consonant systems are very unusual in terms of natural languages. Palatalized sounds in Russian and affricates and fricatives in Russian and Polish support that the Slavic consonantal system is far removed from the general aspect of human languages. On the other hand, with the phonological approach, four of the five feature-based principles proposed by Clements are employed to reveal the universals of the languages. They are Feature Economy, Marked Feature Avoidance, Robustness and Phonological enhancement. What we have seen is that some unsolved problems from the phonetic approach are explained by phonological accounts. The fact that Russian has plenty of segments represented by [+palatal] may not be unusual with respect to a feature-based approach. In addition, while the phonetic approach claims that Slavic languages (in particular, Russian and Polish) have different consonantal systems from the general aspect of natural languages because of the marked segments, the phonological approach accounts for the universals of these languages in the light of Robustness and Feature Economy. In short, what we get from phonetic accounts are language universals, found by frequency-based statistical approach while what we get from phonological accounts, using a feature-based approach, are linguistic universals.
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Odden, David. "On the Role of the Obligatory Contour Principle in Phonological Theory". Language 62, n. 2 (giugno 1986): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414677.
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Berent, Iris, Daniel L. Everett e Joseph Shimron. "Do Phonological Representations Specify Variables? Evidence from the Obligatory Contour Principle". Cognitive Psychology 42, n. 1 (febbraio 2001): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cogp.2000.0742.
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MILLER, PHILIP H., GEOFFREY K. PULLUM e ARNOLD M. ZWICKY. "The Principle of Phonology-Free Syntax: four apparent counterexamples in French". Journal of Linguistics 33, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226796006305.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Principle of Phonology-Free Syntax (PPFS) is a proposed universal principle of grammar that prohibits reference to phonological information in syntactic rules or constraints. Although many linguists have noted phenomena that appear to them to be in conflict with it, the appearances are misleading in all cases we have examined. This paper scrutinizes four instructive cases in French that appear to falsify the PPFS. Section 1 deals with the alleged relevance of syllable count to the description of attributive adjective placement; section 2 addresses the validity of a rule mentioning consonantality in stating the agreement rule for adverbial tout; section 3 turns to the issue of preposition choice (e.g. en vs. au) with geographical proper names; and section 4 takes a look at a purported case of phonological reference in stating the rule for ellipsis of a clitic pronoun and an auxiliary in a coordinate structure. In each case we bring independent evidence to bear on the problem in order to show that the analyses employing phonology-sensitive syntactic statements are in error and the prediction of the PPFS is confirmed.
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Tiscareño, Ingrid. "Spoken word recognition in French". Revista Lengua y Cultura 5, n. 9 (5 novembre 2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/lc.v5i9.11461.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Different linguistic factors can influence the recognition of spoken words in French. We are interested in the impact of the linguistic factor of phonological density, which refers to the number of phonological neighbours of words and which is related to the recognition process according to a principle of inhibition and lexical competition. By using a lexical decision task, where half of the words have a low phonological density, and the other half a high phonological density, we aim to measure the reaction times of a group of young French-speaking participants (18-35 years old). The results of the young French-speaking group did not show a phonological density effect, however, these results did show a lexicality effect, demonstrating that the word and pseudo-word recognition task worked well. Thus, from the error analyses, the involvement of another factor, word familiarity, was induced. The post-experimental survey on this new factor showed an imbalance between the high and low density groups. By removing the low familiarity items from the analysis, a significant phonological density effect was obtained at this time. It is essential to discuss the role of word familiarity on spoken word recognition; as well as the material development for spoken word recognition tasks.
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Salem Alqahtani, Mufleh. "Phonological Derivations of Synchronic Metathesis in Modern Persian". Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, n. 4 (31 agosto 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.4p.92.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study discusses phonological derivations in Modern Persian which result from synchronic metathesis in light of Optimality Theory (OT). Synchronic metathesis to follow the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) is operated by two phonological rules; metathesis of word-final cluster and Sonority-Driven epenthesis. In this context, the first rule blocks the environment for the second. This phonological derivation is known as bleeding which is also a type of phonological derivation of synchronic metathesis that is motivated by the Syllable Contact Law. The first rule, as the metathesis of heterosyllabic consonants, blocks the environment for the second, as in contact anaptyxis. OT Parallelism is capable of accounting for this bleeding as a transparent rule interaction yielded by synchronic metathesis, which is motivated by the Syllable Contact Law as well as the SSP since reference to the intermediate steps between input and output is not necessary. To that end OT Parallelism is capable of accounting for transparency in the bleeding order.
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Fedorova, Liudmila. "The Development of Graphic Representation in Abugida Writing: The Akshara’s Grammar". Lingua Posnaniensis 55, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2013): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2013-0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Phonological writing systems can use different modes in the arrangement of phonological information: linear or emblematic. The latter presupposes a two-dimensional composition of graphic elements which convey information of different levels: basic phonological units or their secondary features. Abugida is one of the most perfect modes of writing, using a two-dimensional principle of organization in its graphemes. Indian scripts imply forms of abugida, based on aksharas - orthographic syllables - as main graphemes, with their vocalization marked by sub-graphemes. Their complex forms reveal hierarchical structures representing phonological structures. Thus, “the akshara’s grammar” may be described, with its paradigms of shapes and meanings, their organization in space, their modes of conjunction. The functional characteristics of diacritic types and ligatures can be specified. The graphic shapes of the akshara can be represented as forming a “grammar” comparable to morphological structures. The graphic complexity of writing can then be estimated in typological perspective. This paper is an attempt to describe such a grammar.
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Dressler, Wolfgang U., Alona Kononenko, Sabine Sommer-Lolei, Katharina Korecky-Kröll, Paulina Zydorowicz e Laura Kamandulytė-Merfeldienė. "Morphological richness, transparency and the evolution of morphonotactic patterns". Folia Linguistica 40, n. 1 (26 luglio 2019): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2019-0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Morphonotactics determines phonological conditions on sound sequences produced by morphological operations both with morphemes and across boundaries. This paper examines the historical emergence and the development of morphonotactic consonant clusters in Germanic, Slavic, Baltic, Romance and other languages. It examines the role of the following morphological preference parameters: (i) morphotactic transparency/opacity, (ii) morphosemantic transparency/opacity, (iii) morphological richness. We identify several diachronic processes involved in cluster emergence, production and change: vowel loss, Indo-European ablaut (and comparable Arabic processes), affixation, compounding, metathesis, final and consonant epenthesis. Additionally, we discuss predictions derived from the Net Auditory Distance principle, psycholinguistic evidence and language acquisition. We show that the majority of morphonotactic clusters arise, phonologically, from vowel loss, and morphologically from concatenation.
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Miller, Philip H., Geoffrey K. Pullum e Arnold M. Zwicky. "Le Principe D'inaccessibilité de la Phonologie par la Syntaxe". Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 16, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1992): 317–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.16.2.04mil.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It has been proposed that there is a universal principle of grammar denying access to phonological information by syntactic rules (in English, the Principle of Phonology-Free Syntax). This paper examines three cases in French that appear to falsify this principle: (i) the claimed relevance of syllable count in describing the placement of attributive adjectives; (ii) mention of consonantality in stating the agreement rule for adverbial TOUT; and (iii) preposition choice (e.g. EN vs. AU) with geographical proper names. We show using independent evidence that the analyses employing phonology-sensitive syntax are wrong and that the prediction of the universal principle is correct.
35
van den Bosch, Antal. "Spelling space". Written Language and Literacy 9, n. 1 (20 luglio 2006): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.9.1.04bos.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Dutch spelling system, like other European spelling systems, represents a certain balance between preserving the spelling of morphemes (the morphological principle) and obeying letter-to-sound regularities (the phonological principle). We present experimental results with artificial learners that show a competition effect between the two principles: adhering more to one principle leads to more violations of the other. The artificial learners, memory-based learning algorithms, are trained (1) to convert written words to their phonemic counterparts and (2) to analyze written words on their morphological composition, based on data extracted from the CELEX lexical database. As an exception to the competition effect we show that introducing the schwa as a letter in the spelling system causes both morphology and phonology to be learnt better by the artificial learners. In general we argue that artificial learning studies are a tool in obtaining objective measurements on a spelling system that may be of help in spelling reform processes.
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Passino, Diana. "Positional factors in syllabification". Acta Linguistica Academica 67, n. 1 (marzo 2020): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2062.2020.00007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractFrom the perspective of standard generative phonological theory, syllable structure is not recorded in the lexicon but it is obtained by means of a syllabification algorithm based on a series of principles. In a given language, the algorithm should parse obstruent+liquid clusters as tautosyllabic both in word-initial and word-internal positions. The tautosyllabic parse as a branching onset complies with all principles on which the syllable-building algorithm is based. In standard theory, if branching onsets of obstruent+liquid are allowed in a language and documented in word-initial position, tautosyllabic parse is predicted to hold also word-internally. Likewise, Kaye’s (1992) Uniformity Principle makes the same prediction, since it states that sequences of contiguous positions that are in a governing relation and contain the same phonological material have the same constituent structure. The present paper draws attention to empirical data showing obstruent+liquid clusters being parsed tautosyllabically in word-initial position and heterosyllabically in word-internal position in the same language. An account is proposed to explain the data discussed, claiming that positional factors may also be relevant in determining syllabification.
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Badejo, B. Rotimi. "A phonetico-semantic analysis of verb-noun contractions in Yoruba". Studies in African Linguistics 17, n. 1 (1 aprile 1986): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i1.107493.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper highlights the various studies which have been carried out to determine the rules which govern the elision of one of the vowels in a verb-noun concatenation where the verb is vowel-final and the noun vowel-initial. It proposes that there are basically three phonological rules which come into play at the Deep Structure Level. However, at the Surface Structure Level, the paper recognizes that there is a Semantic Dissimilation Principle (SDP), which may block the application of otherwise well-motivated rules. The SDP, then, guarantees maximal perceptual distance between otherwise homophonous products of the phonological rules.
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Nafisah, Nurzayyini, Sofyan Sauri e Yayan Nurbayan. "Al-Akhṭā’u al-Ṣautiyah fī Qirā’ati al-Nuṣūsi al-‘Arabiyyah bi Istikhdāmi Taṭbīqāti Praat". ALSUNIYAT: Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya Arab 5, n. 1 (26 aprile 2022): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/alsuniyat.v5i1.41710.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research was motivated by Arabic phonological errors that occurred in students during reading skills learning. Researchers consider it important to examine these problems. Therefore, through this study, the researcher will analyze what phonological errors occur among students. The research design used in this research is content analysis, while the language research method used is the listening method with the free-to-talk listening technique, note-taking technique, and recording technique. The results showed that there were many pronunciation errors in the letters hamzah and 'ain. Some of the factors that cause phonological errors include; First, the sound of the letter is a consonant sound that is difficult to pronounce, so the informant replaces it with a sound near the point of articulation. Second, is the lack of practice in pronouncing consonants such as communicating in Arabic, reading the Qur'an or Arabic discourse. The solution to overcome these phonological errors is the principle of repetition and habituation in learning. The trick is to present a reading in the form of a simple text. The contents contain the forms of phonological errors which have been described in the following discussion. This simple text is made as much as possible until the students' ability to pronounce the letters is good and correct.
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Kwon, Min Young, e Sun Hee Ko. "The Effects of Remote Phonological Processing Intervention on Word Identification and Reading Fluency in Poor Readers". Special Education Research Institute 29, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2024): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56460/kdps.2024.29.1.135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: Communication technology and electronic devices are developing rapidly, and as many students have experienced remote education since COVID-19, the interest in the necessity and effects of telepractice has also grown in the field of speech-language pathology. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of telepractice for poor readers. Method: The subjects of the study were three 2nd-3rd grade students with poor reading. They were able to read words using the phonics principle but had difficulty reading words adapted to phonological processes. For these subjects, phonological processing intervention was conducted for 4 types of 7 coda rule, lenition, tensification, and aspiration. Both intervention and evaluation were conducted remotely using ZOOM. An intermittent multiple baseline design was applied to determine whether remote phonological processing intervention had a positive effect on the word identification of poor readers, and a pre-post design was applied to confirm improvements in reading fluency. Results: Results indicate that, following remote phonological processing intervention, all students demonstrated improvements in word identification scores compared to the baseline. Furthermore, their reading fluency scores exhibited enhancement in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of remote phonological processing intervention for poor readers. We explored models and directions for future telepractice.
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Christman, Sarah S., e Rory A. Depaolis. "Sonority as a constraint on word identification processes". Applied Psycholinguistics 17, n. 3 (luglio 1996): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400007943.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken as a sequel to DePaolis (1991) to explore the role of sonority in constraining the word identification errors of normal listeners. The data from 9 subjects from DePaolis's study were used to examine the phonological relationships, defined by the Sonority Sequencing Principle (Jespersen, 1904), between response errors and stimulus targets - a methodology previously employed in the analysis of target-related neologisms (Christman, 1992b, 1994). The present study found that, although sonority may constrain onset-driven word-search processes, sonority and lexical phonostatistics may constrain coda-driven word-search processes. These findings are consistent with those obtained from the productive errors of aphasic subjects (Christman, 1994). Taken together, the results of these studies support a role for sonority in phonologically based aspects of word identification and word production.
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Özçelik, Öner, e Rex A. Sprouse. "Emergent knowledge of a universal phonological principle in the L2 acquisition of vowel harmony in Turkish: A ‘four’-fold poverty of the stimulus in L2 acquisition". Second Language Research 33, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2016): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658316679226.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A significant body of theoretically motivated research has addressed the role of Universal Grammar (UG) in the nonnative acquisition of morphosyntax and properties of the syntax–semantics interface, but very little research has addressed the role of phonological principles of UG in nonnative language acquisition. Turkish has a regular and pervasive system of vowel harmony for which classroom second language (L2) learners receive explicit instruction and abundant input; however, there are also cases of non-canonical vowel harmony in Turkish, for which classroom learners receive no instruction and rather little input. In this study, we show that English–Turkish L2ers come to exhibit sensitivity to the ‘No Crossing Constraint’ of UG (Goldsmith, 1976; Hammond, 1988) when calculating non-canonical vowel harmony in the context of underlyingly pre-specified non-velarized laterals (i.e. ‘light’ [l]), despite the poverty of the stimulus and potentially misleading effects of classroom instruction and standard Turkish orthography. We argue that this supports the view that nonnative phonological development is guided by (at least one principle of) UG.
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Saidat, Ahmad Mahmoud, e Jamal A. Khlifat. "Phonetics and Phonology Paradox in Levantine Arabic: An Analytical Evaluation of Arabic Geminates’ Hypocrisy". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, n. 7 (1 luglio 2019): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0907.16.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper explores the phonetic and phonological paradox between two categories of Levantine-Arabic long consonants—known as geminates by looking closely at the hypocrite Arabic geminates. Hypocrite geminates are phonetically long segments in a sequence that are not contrastive. The paper seeks to demonstrate that Arabic geminates can be classified into two categories—true vs. fake geminates—based on the phonological process of inseparability and the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP). Thirty Levantine Arabic speakers have taken part in this case study. Fifteen participants were asked to utter a group of stimuli where the two types of geminates interact with the surrounding phonological environment. The other fifteen participants were recorded while reading target word lists that contained geminate consonants and medial singleton preceded by short and long consonants and engaging in naturalistic conversations. Auditory and acoustic analyses of long consonants were made. Results from the word lists indicated that while Arabic true geminates embrace the phonological process of inseparability, Arabic fake geminates do not. The case study also shows that the OCP seems to bridge the contradiction between these two categories of Arabic geminates.
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Trofimova, E. B. "REFLECTION OF LINGUISTIC PLURALISM IN PHONOLOGICAL CONCEPTS". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, n. 3 (28 luglio 2016): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-186-194.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper consists of two parts. The first part presents the overview of scientific pluralism as a phenomenon that pertains any type of science, which has held a certain way of formation and development over the years. The «pros» and «cons» of pluralism are considered. «Pros» include the possibility of expanding the research area by introducing the new language material, and through the usage of non-traditional approaches to the research object; «cons» include the low level of reasoning observed in some cases when forming new concepts. Reductionism opposes pluralism. It appears with the absolutization of a single or authors’ approaches to the research object. The second part covers the analysis of the following foreign and Russian phonological concepts: descriptive American phonology, two varieties of generative phonology –standard generative phonology and natural generative phonology, the phonological concept of Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Moscow and Leningrad phonological schools, the concept of «late» Ruben Avanesov, phonological concept of Sebastian Shaumyan. Theoretical contribution of each concept along with the possibility of its pragmatic applicability is estimated. Concepts are compared firstly, according to the reflection of sound acoustic-articulatory characteristics in the phoneme (phoneme-sound correlation principle); secondly, according to the phonemic structure in paradigmatics and syntagmatics. The absence of complete match of these parameters in concepts indicates the manifestation of pluralism in the area of phonological research.
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Zellou, Georgia, Mohamed Lahrouchi e Karim Bensoukas. "Clear speech in Tashlhiyt Berber: The perception of typologically uncommon word-initial contrasts by native and naive listeners". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, n. 6 (dicembre 2022): 3429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016579.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tashlhiyt Berber is known for having typologically unusual word-initial phonological contrasts, specifically, word-initial singleton-geminate minimal pairs (e.g., sin vs ssin) and sequences of consonants that violate the sonority sequencing principle (e.g., non-rising sonority sequences: fsin). The current study investigates the role of a listener-oriented speaking style on the perceptual enhancement of these rarer phonological contrasts. It examines the perception of word-initial singleton, geminate, and complex onsets in Tashlhiyt Berber across clear and casual speaking styles by native and naive listeners. While clear speech boosts the discriminability of pairs containing singleton-initial words for both listener groups, only native listeners performed better in discriminating between initial singleton-geminate contrasts in clear speech. Clear speech did not improve perception for lexical contrasts containing a non-rising-sonority consonant cluster for either listener group. These results are discussed in terms of how clear speech can inform phonological typology and the role of phonetic enhancement in language-universal vs language-specific speech perception.
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Xhaferaj, Artan. "The Sonority Dispersion Principle in Albanian". European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 9, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/994fto61.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An important pattern that is based on the sonority relationship is the Sonority Dispersion Principle (SDP) formulated by Clements (1990). This principle can serve as the basis for classifying syllable types in terms of relative complexity. The notion “dispersion in sonority” clearly defined within a demisyllable. According to this principle, the sonority slop from the onset to the syllable nucleus is maximized and from the nucleus to the coda is minimized. The purpose of this paper is to provide some data on the Albanian language by dividing the sounds within the demisyllable, by analyzing the combinations of sounds in the onset and in the coda. According to SDP, in Albanian the optimal syllable structure with 2 elements is C[stop]V, while among the optimal structures with 3 elements, the types C[stop]VC[glide], C[stop]C[liquid]V, C[stop]C[nasal]V and C[fricative]C[liquid]V predominate. The analyzed data are important and serve to deeply recognize the characteristics of phonological system of Albanian and can also serve for its approach to typological level.
46
Vossen, Rainer. "What Do We Do with Irregular Correspondences? The Case of the Khoe Languages". History in Africa 18 (1991): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is nothing that cannot be related directly or indirectly to anything else, and it is this nightmare that is horrifying. There seems to be no precedent for this sort of chaos in the languages of the world… (Traill 1974:251)Regularity of phonological change is considered a basic principle of historico-linguistic reconstruction. In 1876 A. Leskien of the Leipzig school of neogrammarians formulated the postulate of sound change occurring without exception, meaning “that if one assembled all the facts, and analyzed them accurately and thoroughly, one could state exceptionless principles or laws for the development of language” (Lehmann 1973:87). However, it has since been argued on the basis of empirical research that languages are never in complete balance and that, therefore, change is not necessarily constant, nor parallel among groups speaking different languages. Various reasons have been found to account for irregularities in language: the impact of one language on another, the effect of children acquiring their language, etc. Yet before we enter into any etiological discussion of irregular or unstructured phonological change, the area of investigation for the present case study must be introduced, and the characteristic of the problematic nature of the case sketched.
47
Casali, Roderic F. "Contextual labialization in Nawuri". Studies in African Linguistics 21, n. 3 (1 dicembre 1990): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v21i3.107430.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A spectrographic investigation into the non-contrastive labialization of consonants before round vowels in Nawuri (a Kwa language of Ghana) supports the notion that this labialization is the result of a phonological, featurespreading rule and not simply an automatic transitional process. This assumption is further warranted in that it allows for a more natural treatment of some other phonological processes in the language. The fact that labialization before round vowels is generally not very audible is explained in terms of a principle of speech perception. A final topic addressed is the question of why (both in Nawuri and apparently in a number of other Ghanaian languages as well) contextual labialization does tend to be more perceptible in certain restricted environments.
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P.O., Ekiugbo. "Rule Ordering in Uvwie". Macrolinguistics 10, n. 16 (30 giugno 2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.16.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the assumptions underlying theories of phonological derivation is that the phonological architecture of any language consists of, at least, an abstract underlying form, its surface form and conditions which derive the surface form from its underlying form. It is further assumed that the conditions are serially ordered in frameworks which subscribe to the rule ordering such as orthodox generative phonology and lexical phonology. In the present study, these issues are engaged in the case of Uvwie. In particular, the study seeks to investigate the conditions (processes and rules) which derive surface forms from their corresponding underlying forms, and the order in which they apply. Thus the study will examine the different well-motivated phonological rules attested in the derivation of Uvwie formatives, and provide evidence for the order in which the processes apply. The study employe data documented in Ekiugbo (2016), and couched its analysis within rule ordering principle of generative phonology. The study identifies six rules, which are ordered thus: nasal assimilation > glide formation > vowel elision > tone fusion > vowel lengthening > consonant elision.
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Zaleska, Joanna. "Coalescence as autosegmental spreading and delinking". Phonology 37, n. 4 (novembre 2020): 697–735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675720000317.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Phonological coalescence, understood as a type of synchronic alternation in which two phonological elements seem to fuse into one, presents a prima facie challenge for versions of Optimality Theory that assume the principle of containment. If all underlying material has to be present in the output form, replacing two input elements with a single output element is not straightforward. I argue that, under the assumptions of Autosegmental Coloured Containment Theory, a distinct operation of coalescence is unnecessary, as all major types of coalescence patterns can be analysed in terms of (i) adding new association lines between some autosegmental nodes, and (ii) the underparsing of other nodes, leading to their phonetic non-realisation. The proposed analysis accurately reflects the heterogeneity of coalescence alternations, which are shown to fall into three different types.
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BREADMORE, HELEN L., e JULIA M. CARROLL. "Morphological spelling in spite of phonological deficits: Evidence from children with dyslexia and otitis media". Applied Psycholinguistics 37, n. 6 (22 marzo 2016): 1439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716416000072.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThe present study examines whether literacy or phonological impairment affects use of morphological spelling constancy, the principle that morphemes are spelled consistently across words. Children with dyslexia or otitis media (OM) were compared to chronological-age matched children and reading-ability matched children. Monomorphemic and polymorphemic nonwords were spelled in a sentence-completion dictation task. Use of root and suffix morphemes increased with age in typical development, particularly derivational morphemes. Dyslexic children generally used morphological strategies less than their chronological-age matched peers but to a similar extent as reading-ability matched peers. OM children showed a specific weakness in using inflectional suffixes. The results suggest different causes for the spelling difficulties in each case: dyslexic children had difficulties in generalizing more complex morphological relationships, while the OM children's difficulties had a phonological/perceptual basis.