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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Philosophy of human and social sciences"
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Rendtorff, Jacob Dahl. "Paul Ricœur and Danish Philosophy". Danish Yearbook of Philosophy 53, n. 1 (26 novembre 2020): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689300-05301002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article presents the influence on Danish philosophy of the French phenomenologist and hermeneutic philosopher Paul Ricœur. Paul Ricœur’s poetic hermeneutics was an inspiration for Danish phenomenology and existentialist thought. Moreover, Ricœur had an influence on the development of poetic and narrative research in theology and the human and social sciences in Denmark. In addition, Ricœur provided a hermeneutic framework for research in the different disciplines of bioethics and biolaw, philosophy of law, philosophy of education and nursing philosophy. In particular, Peter Kemp has been important for presenting and promoting Ricœur’s narrative philosophy. The article gives an overview of the influence of the different aspects of Ricœur’s philosophy in Denmark, related to different schools of thought and to individual philosophers and researchers in theology and the human and social sciences in Denmark.
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Fedotova, Nadezhda N. "Social Sciences Today: Contemporary Challenges". Voprosy Filosofii, n. 12 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-12-32-42.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article highlights several areas that pose challenges for social science today. One of the challenges is the study of culture. The evolution of interest in culture in the social sciences is traced through an appeal to the role of culture in economics, which was an ideal type of ignoring culture for the most part of the 20th century. A paradigmatic shift towards interest in the study of culture at the turn of the 20th and the 21st centuries temporarily expelled society from the main forces that determine human behavior. This approach is no less reductionist than the previous expulsion of culture. The growing attention to the role of culture somewhat obscures the discussion of the problems caused by the spread of global capitalism and the development of digital technologies. Several other challenges stem from the changes in the internal and external contexts of social knowledge production. In our opinion, the idea of human rights is becoming a new significant context both for discussing the challenges of digitalization, and external challenges to science. The author maintains the right to one’s own knowledge and public expression of judgment, to some extent reduces the growing restrictions in other areas of the human rights exercise.
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GORDON, L. R. "Du Bois's Humanistic Philosophy of Human Sciences". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 568, n. 1 (1 marzo 2000): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716200568001019.
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Althusser, Louis. "Philosophy and Social Science: Introducing Bourdieu and Passeron". Theory, Culture & Society 36, n. 7-8 (20 novembre 2019): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276419873373.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This text derives from a recording, and transcripts, of the introduction which Althusser gave on 6 December 1963, to a seminar for students in the École Normale Supérieure, Paris, offered at his invitation by Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron. Althusser takes the opportunity to raise questions about the status of social science and suggests that Bourdieu and Passeron represent slightly different strands of contemporary research practice, partly as a result of their different formation and practice since themselves leaving the École. Althusser first considers the relation between the human sciences and the traditionally instituted Faculty of Letters or Humanities. What is the origin of the compulsion to constitute a science of human relations? Given that the social sciences have established themselves, Althusser then tries to define their nature. He suggests that they have three forms: as abstract and general theory, as ethnology, and as empirical sociology. He discusses the pros and cons of each in some detail. Althusser then asks what are the features which constitute sciences and concludes that they must always possess discrete theoretical perspectives corresponding with discrete components of reality but must also possess an element of self-referentiality or, as he puts it, must be objects to themselves. Althusser suggests that his contemporary social sciences are not philosophically adequate by the criteria which he advances. He proceeds to introduce Bourdieu and Passeron in such a way as to invite consideration of whether their practices meet his criteria.
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Rosenberg, Alex. "Lessons from Biology for Philosophy of the Human Sciences". Philosophy of the Social Sciences 35, n. 1 (marzo 2005): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393104271921.
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Schatzki, Theodore R. "Elements of a Wittgensteinian philosophy of the human sciences". Synthese 87, n. 2 (maggio 1991): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00485406.
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Parker, Noel. "European Philosophy and the Human and Social Sciences, ed. Simon Glynn". Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 19, n. 2 (gennaio 1988): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071773.1988.11007865.
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Fatonah, Fatonah, Ismail Ismail, Teguh Adimarta, Mar’atun Sholiha, Rafik Darmansyah, Fardinal Fardinal, Yanfaunnas Yanfaunnas, Bimo Tunggal Prastetyo e Risatri Gusmahansyah. "The Contribution Of The Philosophy Of Science In Research Science And Social Life". Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 4, n. 1 (22 settembre 2022): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i1.1401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article reviews the Contribution of the Philosophy of Science in Scientific Research and Social Life, which is a form of qualitative research and literature study or Philosophy of Science library research. The results of this literature review article show that: (1) History records that philosophy has bridged the change from mythcentric to logocentric, the change from thinking patterns based on myth and superstition to thinking patterns based on science (logos). This change in mindset has proven to have far-reaching implications for civilization. Nature and its phenomena that were previously feared are then studied, researched, and even exploited. From these investigations of natural phenomena, various theories and scientific findings were found that explain the changes and phenomena that occur, both in the universe (macrocosm) and in the human world (microcosm). (2) The influence of knowledge in the course of philosophical life from century to century, from myth, anthropos, and then to theos (theology/dogma) and changed to logos. That is the journey of the philosophy of knowledge to become a philosophy of science which later gave birth to the sciences of astronomy, cosmology, physics, chemistry, and so on. Meanwhile, from the investigation of the human microcosm, the sciences of biology, psychology, sociology, and so on have developed. Over time, these sciences have developed to become more specialized and increasingly produce technologies that have a direct and broad impact on civilization and human life. (3) The philosophy of science itself contributes to scientific inquiry and in human life, especially These sciences then develop into more specialized and increasingly produce technologies that have a direct and broad impact on civilization and human life. (3) The philosophy of science itself contributes to scientific inquiry and in human life, especiallyknowledge in the form of deductive reasoning related to empirical and positivist (qualitative) and inductive reasoning with rationalism, constructivist and critical (qualitative). Although rationally science compiles its knowledge consistently and cumulatively, empirically science separates knowledge that is in accordance with facts and that which is not. Therefore, before being empirically verified, all rational explanations put forward are only hypothetical. (4) In addition, the philosophy of science has also substantially, methodically and relevantly provided a new paradigm in scientific research as well as for human life, namely; Positivism Paradigm, Constructivist Paradigm, and Critical Paradigm. These three paradigms are very important for a researcher who will compose a scientific work, be it a thesis, thesis or dissertation or other scientific paper.
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Sauer, Jim. "Philosophy and History in David Hume". Journal of Scottish Philosophy 4, n. 1 (marzo 2006): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2006.4.1.51.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, I argue that there is a recursive relationship between history and philosophy that provides the methodological basis for the moral (human) sciences in the work of David Hume. A grasp of Hume's use of history is integral to understanding his project which I believe to be the establishment of “moral science” (i.e., the social sciences) on an empirical basis by linking that history and philosophy as two sides of the same discourse about human beings.
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Richards, Howard. "On the intransitive objects of the social (or human) sciences". Journal of Critical Realism 17, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14767430.2018.1426805.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Philosophy of human and social sciences"
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Vaughan, Amanda Elaine. "An evolutionary perspective of human female rape". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1747/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis assessed whether rape is an adaptive mating strategy. which was naturally selected for in our ancestral past. It investigated a number of constructs. namely: fertility value; victim-offender relationship; socio-economic status; rape proclivity; actual sexual aggression; and sociosexual orientation. There were two types of studies: studies 1-3 involved archival data, e.g. the use of criminal statistics. and studies 4-7 assessed participant data, e.g. rape attitudes. Study 1 found that fertility value (FV) was related to rape prevalence, as was reproductive value (RV). In addition, offenders with a nonreproductive sexual preference tended to rape a victim with a low FV. and offenders who committed a secondary offence tended to rape a victim with high FV. Study 2 found that there was a smaller number of offences committed against strangers and partners, and a larger number committed against step-relatives and acquaintances. More rapes were committed by low status than high status men. even when the base rate was accounted for. Study 3, showed that there was a relationship between the population gender ratio and rape prevalence. However. the covariable population density was positively related to rape prevalence. Study 4- found that there was more disapproval of a depicted rape committed by a low status offender. A low status offender who raped a victim with low RV attracted more disapproval. Study 5 showed that marital rape was disapproved of more than both stranger and acquaintance rape. Individuals with a short-term mating strategy disapproved of rape more than those with a long-term strategy, and a long-term strategist disapproved of a marital rape less than a short-term strategist. Study 6 found that those who possessed a promiscuous ideology perceived their future life to be limited, in particular the likelihood of being happily married. There was no relationship found between perceived future life and sexual aggression. In study 7. it was found that those who had a more unrestricted sociosexual orientation were more likely to have asymmetrical bodily traits (e.g. ear height. finger length). and that the right hand 20:40 digit ratio (a measure of prenatal testosterone)was significantly related to actual sexual aggression. Overall. there was partial support for rape as an adaptive mechanism. but the studics wcre also consistent with a by-product explanation of rape.
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Higgins, Joe. "Being and thinking in the social world : phenomenological illuminations of social cognition and human selfhood". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10640.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At least since the time of Aristotle, it has been widely accepted that “man is by nature a social animal”. We eat, sleep, talk, laugh, cry, love, fight and create in ways that integrally depend on others and the social norms that we collectively generate and maintain. Yet in spite of the widely accepted importance of human sociality in underlying our daily activities, its exact manifestation and function is consistently overlooked by many academic disciplines. Cognitive science, for example, regularly neglects the manner in which social interactions and interactively generated norms canalise and constitute our cognitive processes. Without the inescapable ubiquity of dynamic social norms, any given agent simply could not cognise as a human. In this thesis, I aim to use a range of insights – from phenomenology, social psychology, neuroscience, cultural anthropology and gender studies – to clarify the role of sociality for human life. More specifically, the thesis can be broadly separated into three parts. I begin (chapters 1 and 2) with a broad explanation of how human agents are fundamentally tied to worldly entities and other agents in a way that characterises their ontological existence. In chapters 3 and 4, I criticise two recent and much-discussed theories of social cognition – namely, we-mode cognition and participatory sense-making – for failing to make intelligible the social constitution of human existence. In the later chapters (5-7), I then propose foundations for a more satisfactory theory of social cognition, as well as explicating a view of human selfhood as ‘biosocial', such that even the autonomy of biological bodies is socially codified from a human perspective. Taken together, the aforementioned chapters should contribute to calls for a new direction in social cognitive science, whilst also yielding novel insights into the nature of human selfhood.
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Isaac, Walter. "Beyond Ontological Jewishness: A Philosophical Reflection on the Study of African American Jews and the Social Problems of the Jewish and Human Sciences". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/197310.
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ReligionPh.D.
The present dissertation is a case study in applied phenomenology, specifically the postcolonial phenomenology of racism theorized by Lewis Gordon and applied to scholarly studies conducted on African American Jews and their kinfolk. My thesis is the following: Presumptively ontological human natures cannot function axiomatically for humanistic research on African American Jews. A humanistic science of Africana Jews must foreground the lived social worlds that permit such Jews to appear as ordinary expressions of humanity. The basic premise here is that subaltern (or denied) humanity exists in a neocolonial social world by virtue of an ordinariness that supervenes on humanity. For example, the more historians consider Africana Jews as ordinary, the more Africana Jews' humanity will appear. And the more human Africana Jews appear, the more inhuman their extraordinary appearance appears. This symbiosis constitutes a basic existential condition. When research on Africana Jews ignores this condition, it succumbs to ontological Jewishnness and other concepts rooted in what postcolonial theorist Frantz Fanon calls the "colonial natural attitude."
Temple University--Theses
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Chennells, Roger Scarlin. "Equitable access to human biological resources in developing countries : benefit sharing without undue inducement". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10634/.
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The main research question of this thesis is: How can cross-border access to human genetic resources, such as blood or DNA samples, be governed to achieve equity for developing countries? Access to and benefit sharing for human biological resources is not regulated through an international legal framework such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, which applies only to plants, animals and micro-organisms as well as associated traditional knowledge. This legal vacuum for the governance of human genetic resources can be attributed (in part) to the concern that benefit sharing might provide undue inducements to research participants and their communities. This thesis shows that: (a) Benefit sharing is crucial to avoiding the exploitation of developing countries in genomic research. (b) With functioning research ethics committees, undue inducement is less of a concern in genetic research than in other medical research (e.g. clinical trials). (c) Concerns remain over research involving indigenous populations and some recommendations are provided. In drawing its conclusions, the thesis resolves a highly pressing topic in global bioethics and international law. Originally, it combines bioethical argument with jurisprudence, in particular reference to the law of equity and the legal concepts of duress (coercion), unconscionable dealing, and undue influence.
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Renaudo, Gérard. "Des sciences pour nous comprendre : vérité et réalisme dans les pratiques de sciences humaines". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pouvons-nous être réalistes et dire le vrai en sciences humaines, lorsque nous étudions nos façons de penser, de faire sens, de nous comporter ? Habituellement, les SH donnent à cette question une réponse métaphysique en se fondant dans la réalité et la vérité des choses qu'elles examinent vues comme spécifiquement humaines. Mais nous n'attendons des SH qu'une étude de la compréhension humaine, et en cela elles ne sont que des activités ordinaires utilisant le langage. Notre question doit donc être posée dans le langage ordinaire. Cependant, à considérer que sens et compréhension ne sont que des usages, on est enclin à considérer tout savoir à ce propos comme relatif à une situation ; la vérité peut alors être considérée comme relative, et les SH comme irréalistes. Nos sciences méritent une autre voie autorisant un usage réaliste de ''vrai''. Je soutiens que ceci peut être trouvé dans une philosophie du langage ordinaire qui partage avec les SH la même matière première : le sens, la compréhension. D'Austin elles peuvent hériter sa conception non-essentielle de ce qui apparaît comme réalité dans la signification ; de Cavell, l'analyse de la compréhension dans notre accord dans le langage ; de Diamond, une solution à la question du réalisme en le prenant en considération dans nos attitudes. Pour illustrer ces usages de ''vrai'' en SH, je propose une lecture de Foucault montrant sa manière de rechercher une attitude réaliste. En conclusion, je décris comment les SH doivent être vues comme des pratiques : non pas dans un espoir de vérification, mais dans l'acceptation de leur dépendance à nos usages de ''vrai'' et à nos attitudes.
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Wong, Man-kin. "Cong duo yuan zhu yi de guan dian kan ying de de yi yi : dui Wo'erze (Michael Walzer) zheng yi li lun de chan shi /". View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202003%20WONGM.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Castaldo-Walsh, Cynthia. "Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka". Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This qualitative multiple case study explored human-elephant conflict-coexistence relationships and issues of conservation in Namibia (Damaraland) and Sri Lanka (Wasgamuwa) from a posthumanist, multispecies perspective. Within each region, conflict between humans and elephants is considered high, elephants are considered endangered and are of high conservation priority, the human population has grown significantly, and community-based organizations are implementing holistic approaches to increase positive relations between humans and elephants. This study was guided by research questions that explored the current landscape of the human-elephant-conservation nexus within each region, the shared histories between humans and elephants over time, and the value in utilizing more-than-human theoretical and methodological frameworks to enhance human-elephant relationships and support conservation efforts. Data collection methods included participant observation, naturalistic observation, interviews, visual data, and documents. Data was triangulated and analyzed within each case, as well as across cases. Major themes were identified within each case that describe unique contexts, cultures, and shared histories. These findings were then analyzed comparatively. Emergent themes across cases identified ways that a more-than-human framework may be useful in fostering coexistence between humans and elephants and supporting conservation efforts. This study contributes to the evolving scholarship on multispecies approaches to inquiry and methodology from the position of conflict resolution scholar, supports a more inclusive framework for analyzing human-wildlife conflicts, discusses theoretical and methodological implications in multispecies research, and provides recommendations for future research.
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Bergman, Zandra. "“Holy” War on Human Rights : A hermeneutic study of the complex situation of human rights activists in Afghanistan". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446122.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Title: “Holy” War on Human Rights - A hermeneutic study of the complex situation of human rights activists in Afghanistan Author: Zandra Bergman Supervisor: Maud Eriksen Examiner: Johanna Romare Department of TheologyMaster program of Religion in Peace and ConflictMaster’s thesis, 15 credits In September 2020, the latest attempt to bring peace to Afghanistan, the intra-Afghan peace talks formally began. The opening of the peace negotiations failed to produce the long-desired ceasefire. Instead, it marked an increase of violence: a sharp number of deliberate killings of human rights defenders. The purpose of this study is to examine lived experiences of human rights activists in Afghanistan and the complex situation in which they are operating and to gain a deeper understanding of why they have increasingly been subject to violence. Furthermore, it is an attempt to explore the meaning of violence against Afghan human rights activists promoting women's rights. This is a hermeneutic study primarily based on data collected through interviews with two Afghan human rights activists. Rather than touch every topic and present data about an objective reality or truth, the aim is to shed light on the shared experiences of the respondents, providing snapshots of the current situation of Afghan human rights defenders, and to discuss their stories in the light of selected theories. The following research questions have been used to guide the study: (1) How can we understand the complex situation of human rights activists in Afghanistan, and (2) What are the underlying reasons they are being targeted? By adopting mainly, the concepts of hegemony: to decode underlying dimensions of power struggles, and a critical feminist approach: to grasp the gender dimensions of the conflict, I have exposed how my respondents in their positions of human rights defenders bring new life to a historical conflict of interests impinging on the future nature of Afghanistan. Moreover, they expose a recurrent clash between opposing hegemonic aspirations: a struggle over the maintenance of social order in the Afghan society, in which they are being placed at the center.
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Harris, Linda H. "On Human Migration and the Moral Obligations of Business". UNF Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/296.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work addresses to what extent businesses in the United States and the European Union have a moral obligation to participate in social integration processes in areas where they operate with the use of migrant laborers. It begins with the presupposition that a common framework as to what constitutes ethical behavior in business is needed and beneficial. It argues that the very industry that creates a need for migrant labor ought to also be involved in merging this labor successfully into the existing community and specifies that a discourse on business ethics and migration is gravely needed. This must be one that considers how businesses can become more engaged in resolving the social issues that arise both for the migrants and for the local community in which the businesses operate. The purpose would be to fill a social and humanitarian need that government alone cannot. More importantly, it will be to exercise beneficence and display responsible and sincere corporate citizenship. It is claimed that businesses that fail to encourage and participate in integration processes display a moral flaw. Cosmopolitan business ethics are proposed as a way to look at ethical business conduct and it is claimed that businesses that act as cosmopolitan citizens are morally praiseworthy.
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Lindestreng, Amanda. "Matter of justification : A study on how Human Rights NGOs interpret, prioritize and justify human rights". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363405.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The emergence of Human Rights NGOs continue to influence the practice of human rights domestically and internationally. In connection with this development, as scrutinizers of human rights and human rights violations, the Human Rights NGOs must in turn be scrutinized. Guided by a theoretical framework consisted of theories of justification by Rainer Forst, Martha Nussbaum and Michael Ignatieff, a critical analysis of how Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch reveal the state of human rights in the respective annual report of 2017 is carried out. The aim is to scrutinize how the Human Rights NGOs interpretation, prioritization and justification of human rights affect the validity of human rights. The validity of human rights in turn, argues the thesis, presupposes that we must assess whether these strategies are reasonable. The thesis finds that human rights are understood as universal claims for the respect and protection of the underpinning values of human rights: dignity, freedom and equality. Human rights, interpreted in this sense, must have an abiding effect and protect human rights, but also to hold human rights violations accountable through means of justice. Accordingly, justice has a double meaning for the purpose of human rights in the sense that it firstly set out conditions for when human rights are protected and secondly, make this task possible.I ljuset av framväxten av icke-statliga människorättsorganisationer och deras betydande inflytande på de mänskliga rättigheterna, syftar denna uppsats till att studera deras förståelse och tolkning av dessa rättigheter. Med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av teorier om rättfärdigande av mänskliga rättigheter av Rainer Forst, Martha Nussbaum och Michael Ignatieff, genomförs en kritisk analys av hur Amnesty International och Human Rights Watch årliga rapporter om de mänskliga rättigheternas status ser ut. Syftet med denna analys är att kritisk granska hur organisationernas tolkning, prioritering och rättfärdigande av mänskliga rättigheter påverkar rättigheternas validitet. Validiteten i sin tur, förutsätter att en kritisk analys av dessa strategier förhåller sig till huruvida dessa är förnuftiga och godtagbara. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att mänskliga rättigheter förstås som universella anspråk vars syfte är att respektera och skydda de underliggande normerna av mänsklig värdighet, frihet och jämlikhet. Mänskliga rättigheter måste således ha en varaktig effekt för att skydda människor, men även för att kunna ställa brott mot mänskliga rättigheter inför rättvisa. Följaktligen har rättvisa mer än ett syfte, nämligen att först staka ut de förutsättningar som krävs för att respektera och skydda mänskliga rättigheter, och för det andra att göra detta möjligt.
Libri sul tema "Philosophy of human and social sciences"
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Anderson, R. J. Philosophy and the human sciences. London: Routledge, 1988.
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1948-, Glynn Simon, a cura di. European philosophy and the human and social sciences. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Gower, 1986.
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McIntyre, Lee C. Laws and explanation in the social sciences: Defending a science of human behavior. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1996.
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1954-, Henderson David K., e Spindel Conference (13th : 1995 : University of Memphis), a cura di. Explanation in the human sciences. Memphis, Tenn: Dept. of Philosophy, University of Memphis, 1996.
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Spindel Conference (14th 1995 University of Memphis). Explanation in the human sciences. A cura di Henderson David K. 1954-. Memphis, Tenn: Dept. of Philosophy, University of Memphis, 1996.
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Margolis, Joseph. Science without unity: Reconciling the human and natural sciences. Oxford, OX, UK: Blackwell, 1987.
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J, Mouton, a cura di. Essays in social theorizing. [Pretoria]: Human Sciences Research Council, 1988.
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Mahajan, Gurpreet. Explanation and understanding in the human sciences. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
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Jane, Howarth, e Brady Emily, a cura di. Environment and philosophy. London: Routledge, 2000.
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Bora, Sanchita. Philosophy, human life and society: Value perspectives. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 2018.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Philosophy of human and social sciences"
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Ackermann, Robert. "Popper and German Social Philosophy". In Popper and the Human Sciences, 165–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5093-1_11.
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Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N. "Psychiatry among Human, Life and Social Sciences, Philosophy, and Religion". In Psychiatry, 487–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86541-2_21.
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Haldane, John. "Cultural Theory, Philosophy and the Study of Human Affairs: Hot Heads and Cold Feet". In Postmodernism and the Social Sciences, 179–95. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22183-7_11.
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Mühl, Julia. "Human Beings as Social Beings: Gerda Walther’s Anthropological Approach". In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97592-4_6.
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O’Connor, Tony. "Human Agency and the Social Sciences: From Contextual Phenomenology to Genealogy". In Hermeneutic Philosophy of Science, Van Gogh’s Eyes, and God, 187–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1767-0_15.
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Roth, Paul A. "Beyond Understanding: The Career of the Concept of Understanding in the Human Sciences". In The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 311–33. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470756485.ch13.
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AntÓNio, ZilhÃO. "What Does it Mean to Be a Naturalist in the Human and Social Sciences?" In The Present Situation in the Philosophy of Science, 305–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9115-4_22.
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Koslowski, Peter. "A Philosophy of the Historical School: Erich Rothacker’s Theory of the Geisteswissenschaften (Human Sciences)". In Methodology of the Social Sciences, Ethics, and Economics in the Newer Historical School, 510–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59095-5_20.
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Mastroianni, George R. "History and Development of Military Psychology". In Handbook of Military Sciences, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_55-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractPsychology is widely thought to have emerged as a scientific discipline only quite recently: at the end of the nineteenth century. Psychological thinking had nevertheless been occurring for millennia, and such thinking formed a significant element of Greek philosophy in the centuries before the Common Era. The Greeks, no strangers to war, applied this thinking to military matters, such as learning, motivation, and the roles of environment and heredity in human development. From these beginnings, the systematic study of the unique considerations that arise when humans come together in military undertakings began. The industrialization of warfare that began in the nineteenth century added new questions and problems, problems which became more urgent just as the novel application of the methods of science to human psychology became institutionalized in universities in the decades before World War I. Today, military psychology is a vibrant and dynamic field that focuses on a core set of stable and enduring areas of study that include leadership, personnel selection, training, human factors, human performance, and clinical psychology. As military technology and the nature of warfare continue to evolve within the context of national and social institutions that are themselves constantly in flux, military psychology will adapt to encompass the new questions and problems brought by these changes.
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Tokarski, Mateusz. "Consolations of Environmental Philosophy". In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 445–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractDue to successful protection and restoration efforts, humans and wild animals more and more often come to inhabit overlapping spaces. This is often experienced by humans as problematic, as animals may cause material damages to property and pose threats to humans and domesticated animals. These threats, as well as normative beliefs about belonging and culturally-based prejudices, often provoke distress or aggression towards animals. While philosophy has so far provided normative guidance as to what we should do in terms of developing proper relationships, the actual tools designed to facilitate the development of more peaceful cohabitation have been provided mostly by wildlife management and social sciences. In this contribution, I propose that environmental philosophy can provide conceptual tools easing the difficulties of cohabitation. One such tool is the practice of consolation. I begin by drawing a distinction between the contemporary and traditional forms of consolation. I further show that several common ethical arguments concerning cohabitation with wildlife can be seen as following the ancient concept of consolation. I close with some practical remarks regarding how environmental consolation could be practiced today in the context of difficult cohabitation with wildlife.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Philosophy of human and social sciences"
1
Abbas, Prof Dr Nada Mousa. "AL-YAQOUBI'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY". In I. International Dubai Social Sciences and Humanities Congress. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/dubaicongress1-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The philosophy of history needs the availability of basic components, namely: historical material (cognitive), historical thought (historical mentality represented by sense and historical awareness), and a balanced academic method (organized and precise) in order for the rational philosophical vision to emerge from comprehensive study of a civilizational nature for which laws (theories) can be formulated. ), with realistic evidence and evidence, called the philosophy of history! . Al-Yaqubi (third century AH / ninth century AD) showed comprehensive analysis with his sense and historical awareness, and through his historical criticism and his renewal of the method of historical recording, he distinguished himself from those who preceded him and those who followed him with his book entitled “The Problem of People of Their Time and What Predominates in Every Age,” thus revealing the beginning of For the idea of the philosophy of history, where he laid the foundations for the theory of the problem (imitation, imitation) as one of the engines of the wheel of history, a factor influencing the spirituality of the era, the natures of the members of society, and an important and vital part in the formation of human civilizations . The law of problematization, in its philosophical theory, requires AlYaqoubi to reveal the characteristics of each caliph in his policies, interests, and social behaviors, which applies to those with power, influence, prestige, and authority, and as a symbol and role model for society (an elite group), in a collective imitation of their behaviors (at all times and places) by individuals. Human societies. Accordingly, Al-Yaqubi assumed that rulers have a fundamental role in preserving states and societies, and developing civilizations. They can either reform or corrupt them at all levels of civilization, and therefore the problem changes according to the trends of the elite symbols !
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Butucea, Maria. "Ideal of cognition in Dao philosophy and education". In The 3rd Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2015.3.1.187.
Testo completo
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Li, Jianling. "Explorations of PE Teaching Method Based on Human-oriented Philosophy". In 3rd International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-15.2015.141.
Testo completo
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Borisova, Lyudmila G. "SOCIAL QUALITY PROFESSIONAL GROUP (ON THE EXAMPLE OF RUSSIAN TEACHERS IN THE 1960–90)". In All-Russian Conference with International Participation "Education, Social Mobility, and Human Development: to the 90th Anniversary of Prof. L.G. Borisova". Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1383-0-41-107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis of Lyudmila Glebovna Borisova was presented in the form of a scientific report for the degree of Doctor of Sociological Sciences in the specialty 22.00.04 – Social Structure, Social Institutions and Way of Life in the Dissertation Council D 002.24.02 at the Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (630090, Novosibirsk, Lavrentiev Ave., 17) in 1993. The leading organization is Altai State University. Official opponents: the first opponent is a corresponding member. Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Economics, Professor A.N. Falaleev, the second opponent is Doctor of Philosophy, Professor A.I. Orekhovsky, the third opponent is Doctor of Philosophy, Professor L.G. Oleh.
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Liu, Xu. "How to Interpret Labor-based Human Rights From the Perspective of Marxist Value Philosophy". In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.275.
Testo completo
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Makijenko, Jevgenija. "PHILOSOPHY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION, EFFICIENCY AND HUMAN BEHAVIOUR: INSULATION PROJECTS AND DUALISTIC PERCEPTION OF ENERGY". In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/41/s15.007.
Testo completo
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Dancak, Pavol. "Martin Buber’s Philosophy and Integral Ecology". In 6th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities. (Philosophy of Being Human as the Core of Interdisciplinary Research) (ICCESSH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210902.007.
Testo completo
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Somova, Oksana, e Pavel Vladimirov. "The problem of intersubjectivity in Western philosophy: Boundaries of the communicative approach". In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.08095s.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article defines the meaning of the phenomenological approach to the analysis of the concept of intersubjectivity in the context of social and philosophical problems of the balance of the Self and the Other. The discourse is based on the correlation of phenomenological orientation and communicative action in determining the mechanisms of identity of the Self in relation to the Other in the inseparability of social reality. A sequential analysis of prerequisites and research approaches aimed at testing the problem of intersubjectivity is carried out. The focus is placed on social phenomenological research of A. Schutz and the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas, which are aimed at understanding the correlation between the peculiarities of human existence, his life-world and the area of social relations or the inevitability of establishing overindividual patterns. Relevance of the research lies in elaborating the issue of establishing intersubjectivity under the fundamental non-identity of the subjects of communication and their predetermined attitudes. The article concludes by outlining the feasibility of expanding the rational predetermination of the subject-subjective structure of communicative action with the research area of social phenomenology.
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Somova, Oksana, e Pavel Vladimirov. "The problem of intersubjectivity in Western philosophy: Boundaries of the communicative approach". In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.08095s.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article defines the meaning of the phenomenological approach to the analysis of the concept of intersubjectivity in the context of social and philosophical problems of the balance of the Self and the Other. The discourse is based on the correlation of phenomenological orientation and communicative action in determining the mechanisms of identity of the Self in relation to the Other in the inseparability of social reality. A sequential analysis of prerequisites and research approaches aimed at testing the problem of intersubjectivity is carried out. The focus is placed on social phenomenological research of A. Schutz and the theory of communicative action of J. Habermas, which are aimed at understanding the correlation between the peculiarities of human existence, his life-world and the area of social relations or the inevitability of establishing overindividual patterns. Relevance of the research lies in elaborating the issue of establishing intersubjectivity under the fundamental non-identity of the subjects of communication and their predetermined attitudes. The article concludes by outlining the feasibility of expanding the rational predetermination of the subject-subjective structure of communicative action with the research area of social phenomenology.
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Glazkov, Alexander, e Leonid Podvoisky. "The Genesis of Philosophy and the Theological Aspect of Human Self-consciousness". In 5th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities - Philosophy of Being Human as the Core of Interdisciplinary Research (ICCESSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200901.011.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Philosophy of human and social sciences"
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Daniellou, François, Marcel Simard e Ivan Boissières. Human and organizational factors of safety: a state of the art. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, gennaio 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/429dze.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This document provides a state of the art of knowledge concerning the human and organizational factors of industrial safety. It shows that integrating human factors in safety policy and practice requires that new knowledge from the social sciences (in particular ergonomics, psychology and sociology) be taken on board and linked to operational concerns.
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Nguijoi, Gabriel Cyrille, e Neo Sithole. Civilizational Populism and Religious Authoritarianism in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), febbraio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0051.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report gives a summary of the 9th session of the ECPS’s monthly Mapping Global Populism panel series titled “Civilizational Populism and Religious Authoritarianism in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Maldives,” which took place online on January 25, 2024. Moderated by Dr. Syaza Shukri, Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, the panel featured speakers by Mr. Bobby Hajjaj, Department of Management, North South University, Bangladesh, Dr. Maidul Islam, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, Dr. Rajni Gamage, Postdoctoral Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS), National University of Singapore, and Dr. Mosmi Bhim, Assistant Professor at Fiji National University.
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Bengio, Yoshua, Caroline Lequesne, Hugo Loiseau, Jocelyn Maclure, Juliette Powell, Sonja Solomun e Lyse Langlois. Interdisciplinary Dialogues: The Major Risks of Generative AI. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/xsgm9843.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an exciting series of Interdisciplinary Dialogues on the societal impacts of AI, we invite a guest speaker and panellists from the fields of science and engineering, health and humanities and social sciences to discuss the advances, challenges and opportunities raised by AI. The first dialogue in this series began with Yoshua Bengio, who, concerned about developments in generative AI and the major risks they pose for society, initiated the organization of a conference on the subject. The event took place on August 14, 2023 in Montreal, and was aimed at initiating collective, interdisciplinary reflection on the issues and risks posed by recent developments in AI. The conference took the form of a panel, moderated by Juliette Powell, to which seven specialists were invited who cover a variety of disciplines, including: computer science (Yoshua Bengio and Golnoosh Farnadi), law (Caroline Lequesne and Claire Boine), philosophy (Jocelyn Maclure), communication (Sonja Solomun) and political science (Hugo Loiseau). This document is the result of this first interdisciplinary dialogue on the societal impacts of AI. The speakers were invited to respond concisely, in the language of their choice, to questions raised during the event. Immerse yourself in reading these fascinating conversations, presented in a Q&A format that transcends disciplinary boundaries. The aim of these dialogues is to offer a critical and diverse perspective on the impact of AI on our everchanging world.
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Dello, Kathie D., e Philip W. Mote. Oregon climate assessment report : December 2010. Corvallis, Oregon : Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, Oregon State University, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The group of scientists that make up the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found in 2007 that the warming of Earth’s climate is unequivocal and largely due to human activity. Earth’s climate has changed in the past, though the recent magnitude and pace of changes are unprecedented in human existence. Recent decades have been warmer than at any time in roughly 120,000 years. Most of this warming can be attributed to anthropogenic activity, primarily burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) for energy. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other heat trapping gases, also known as greenhouse gases, into the atmosphere. This warming cannot be explained by natural causes (volcanic and solar) alone. It can be said with confidence that human activities are primarily responsible for the observed 1.5 ˚F increase in 20th century temperatures in the Pacific Northwest. A warmer climate will affect this state substantially. In 2007, the Oregon State Legislature charged the Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, via HB 3543, with assessing the state of climate change science including biological, physical and social science as it relates to Oregon and the likely effects of climate change on the state. This inaugural assessment report is meant to act as a compendium of the relevant research on climate change and its impacts on the state of Oregon. This report draws on a large body of work on climate change impacts in the western US from the Climate Impacts Group at the University of Washington and the California Climate Action Team. In this report, we also identify knowledge gaps, where we acknowledge the need for more research in certain areas. We hope this report will serve as a useful resource for decision-makers, stakeholders, researchers and all Oregonians. The following chapters address key sectors that fall within the biological, physical and social sciences in the state of Oregon.
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Schoonover, Rod, e Dan Smith. Five Urgent Questions on Ecological Security. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, aprile 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/xatc1489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The increasing pressure of ecological disruption on people and on security means that ideas and policy on peace and security must increasingly address the need for ecological security. This paper poses five research questions concerning: (a) amplification of anti-microbial resistance (patho-gens that are increasingly drug-resistant); (b) the physiological consequences of pollution; (c) the loss of nature’s con-tribution to people’s well-being; (d) local and regional eco-logical tipping points; and (e) detri-mental organisms and pro-cesses that thrive in the rapidly changing planet. Each question has a human health dimension, with likely socio-economic impacts and effects on behaviour, as well as potential effects on security and political stability. Under-standing these issues is essential if appropriate responses are to be developed. More research is needed in both the natural and the social sciences, with interdisciplinary work that is in close contact with the policy world. The situation is urgent and policy responses cannot wait until all the answers are known and uncertainty has been fully eliminated.
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Yaari, Menahem, Elhanan Helpman, Ariel Weiss, Nathan Sussman, Ori Heffetz, Hadas Mandel, Avner Offer et al. Sustainable Well-Being in Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52873/policy.2021.wellbeing-en.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Well-being is a common human aspiration. Governments and states, too, seek to promote and ensure the well-being of their citizens; some even argue that this should be their overarching goal. But it is not enough for a country to flourish, and for its citizens to enjoy well-being, if the situation cannot be maintained over the long term. Well-being must be sustainable. The state needs criteria for assessing the well-being of its citizens, so that it can work to raise the well-being level. Joining many other governments around the world, the Israeli government adopted a comprehensive set of indices for measuring well-being in 2015. Since 2016, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics has been publishing the assessment results on an annual basis. Having determined that the monitoring of well-being in Israel should employ complementary indices relating to its sustainability, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Bank of Israel, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Yad Hanadiv asked the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to establish an expert committee to draft recommendations on this issue. The Academy's assistance was sought in recognition of its statutory authority "to advise the government on activities relating to research and scientific planning of national significance." The Committee was appointed by the President of the Academy, Professor Nili Cohen, in March 2017; its members are social scientists spanning a variety of disciplines. This report presents the Committee's conclusions. Israel's ability to ensure the well-being of its citizens depends on the resources or capital stocks available to it, in particular its economic, natural, human, social, and cultural resources. At the heart of this report are a mapping of these resources, and recommendations for how to measure them.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, ottobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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Lynch, Clifford, e Diane Goldenberg-Hart. Beyond the Pandemic: The Future of the Research Enterprise in Academic Year 2021-22 and Beyond. Coalition for Networked Information, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56561/mwrp9673.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In early June 2021, representatives from a number of CNI member institutions gathered for the third in a series of Executive Roundtable discussions that began in spring 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 emergency. The conversations were intended to inform our understanding of how the pandemic had impacted the research enterprise and to share information about how institutions were planning to shape investments and strategies surrounding the research enterprise going forward. Previous Roundtables were held in April and September 2020 and reports from those conversations are available from http://www.cni.org/tag/executive-roundtable-report. As with the earlier Roundtables on this topic, June participants primarily included senior library administrators, directors of research computing and information technology, and chief research officers from a variety of higher education institutions across the US and Canada; most participating member institutions were public universities with high research activity, though some mid-sized and private institutions participated as well. The June Roundtable took place in a single convening, supplemented by an additional conversation with a key institution unable to join the group meeting due to last-minute scheduling conflicts. As before, we urged participants to think about research broadly, encompassing the humanities, social sciences, and fieldwork activities, as well as the work that takes place in campus laboratories or facilities shared by broader research communities; indeed, the discussions occasionally considered adjacent areas such as the performing arts. The discussion was wide-ranging, including, but not limited to: the challenges involving undergraduate, graduate and international students; labs and core instrumentation; access to physical collections (libraries, museums, herbaria, etc.) and digital materials; patterns of impact on various disciplines and mitigation strategies; and institutional approaches to improving research resilience. We sensed a growing understanding and sensitivity to the human toll the pandemic has taken on the research community. There were several consistent themes throughout the Roundtable series, but shifts in assumptions, planning, and preparation have been evident as vaccination rates have increased and as organizations have grown somewhat more confident in their ability to sustain largely in-person operations by fall 2021. Still, uncertainties abound and considerable notes of tentativeness remain, and indeed, events subsequent to the Roundtable, such as the large-scale spread of the Delta variant of COVID-19 in the US, have eroded much of the confidence we heard in June 2021, though probably more around instructional strategies than the continuity of the research enterprise. The events of the past 18 months, combined with a growing series of climate change-driven disruptions, have infused a certain level of humility into institutional planning, and they continue to underscore the importance of approaches that emphasize resilience and flexibility.
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for Social Science, Advisory Commitee. The impact of climate change on consumer food behaviours: Identification of potential trends and impacts. Food Standards Agency, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.icl350.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Advisory Committee on Social Sciences (ACSS) was established by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) to bring social science expertise to the Agency’s pursuit of food safety, food authenticity, and regulatory excellence. In fulfilling its remit, the Agency needs advice from a wide range of expertise, and this includes insights from disciplines such as behavioural science and economics as much as from the medical, agricultural, and animal health domains. It is crucial to understand how we as consumers, as well as the industries that feed us, might adapt our behaviours, perceive risks or alter our purchasing patterns. Climate Change is now widely accepted as one of the gravest risks facing human well-being, not least because of its possible effects on the food system. These effects could be radical and sudden and are inherently unpredictable. At the same time, humans are extraordinarily adaptable and innovative, and so responses to this threat are also unpredictable. Many people are already ‘doing their bit’ towards the ‘Net Zero’ aspiration by adapting their diet, changing their consumption patterns, or striving to avoid waste. As one of the many governmental bodies concerned with food supply the FSA has a strong interest in horizon scanning likely responses to climate change and understanding where it might impact its work. The ACSS therefore offered to help with this large task and formed a Working Group on Climate Change and Consumer Behaviours (CCCB). We were fortunate to be able to begin our work by hosting a workshop with experts in the field to illuminate the trends already being observed, or considered possible. Following this we then convened a group of colleagues across the FSA to deepen understanding of how the identified trends might impact on food safety, food authenticity and regulation. We took as our initial scope end consumers (rather than the businesses that serve them), and we looked for behaviours that appear to be ones that consumers have adopted to respond to the Net Zero call. The concepts of ‘choice’ and ‘preference’ in relation to behaviour is complex, as much behaviour does not follow choice or preference. In future, climate change may bring about changes to food availability and price that mean that choices are constrained. Equally, consumer preferences may feed back into the supply chain, and lead to a degree of choice ‘editing’ by food businesses. These complexities are beyond our scope for the moment, but, as experts participating in our workshop emphasized, must be considered. To get the full value of the expertise we were able to assemble, and the added value from our consultants, Ipsos UK who constructed and ran the first workshop, it is important to read the full report. It is also important to go directly to the centres of expertise for the insights that surfaced, but that we could only dip into and summarise. In this overview, the CCCB working group wants to highlight what we felt were some of the most interesting lines of enquiry, which are shown in table 1 below. We have to stress that these are possible trends of concern to the FSA, not necessarily with already observable effects, and more work needs to be done to explore them. We are conscious that the Science Council also has a WG on Net Zero, with a wider scope than that of the ACSS, and we are closely in touch to ensure that the work is complementary. I would therefore like to commend the work of the ACSS CCCB working group to the FSA, and we look forward to discussing how we can be of further help. I would also like to wholeheartedly thank everyone involved in making the workshops such stimulating and insightful exercises.