Bibliografie tematiche / Philosophy of engineering

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

LEGG, CATHERINE. "ENGINEERING PHILOSOPHY". International Journal of Machine Consciousness 02, n. 01 (giugno 2010): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793843010000369.

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Yin, Rui-yu, e Bo-cong Li. "Engineering and Philosophy of Engineering". Frontiers of Engineering Management 1, n. 2 (2014): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-fem-2014021.

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Duffy, M. C. "Engineering & philosophy". Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 15, n. 1 (luglio 1987): V—XII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(87)90002-7.

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YOSIDA, Natuhiko. "Engineering, Science, Philosophy". Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 89, n. 806 (1986): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.89.806_12.

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Stein, Lynn Andrea. "PHILOSOPHY AS ENGINEERING". Computational Intelligence 10, n. 1 (2 aprile 2007): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00157.x.

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Wang, An. "On Engineering Innovation and Engineering Philosophy". Journal of Engineering Studies 12, n. 05 (1 ottobre 2020): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1224.2020.00444.

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UEHARA, Nobutomo. "My Engineering Education Philosophy". Journal of JSEE 63, n. 4 (2015): 4_93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4307/jsee.63.4_93.

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Seremeti, Lambrini, e Ioannis Kougias. "Yoneda Philosophy in Engineering". International Journal of Engineering Mathematics 2013 (24 settembre 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/758729.

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Mathematical models, such as sets of equations, are used in engineering to represent and analyze the behaviour of physical systems. The conventional notations in formulating engineering models do not clearly provide all the details required in order to fully understand the equations, and, thus, artifacts such as ontologies, which are the building blocks of knowledge representation models, are used to fulfil this gap. Since ontologies are the outcome of an intersubjective agreement among a group of individuals about the same fragment of the objective world, their development and use are questions in debate with regard to their competencies and limitations to univocally conceptualize a domain of interest. This is related to the following question: “What is the criterion for delimiting the specification of the main identifiable entities in order to consistently build the conceptual framework of the domain in question?” This query motivates us to view the Yoneda philosophy as a fundamental concern of understanding the conceptualization phase of each ontology engineering methodology. In this way, we exploit the link between the notion of formal concepts of formal concept analysis and a concluding remark resulting from the Yoneda embedding lemma of category theory in order to establish a formal process.

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Earl, Chris. "BOOK REVIEWS: Engineering Philosophy". J. of Design Research 3 (2003): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/jdr.2003.009829.

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Crane, Louis. "From Philosophy to Engineering". Foundations of Science 17, n. 1 (4 febbraio 2011): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-010-9216-5.

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Tesi sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

French, Christopher Forbes. "Philosophy as conceptual engineering : inductive logic in Rudolf Carnap's scientific philosophy". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55135.

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My dissertation explores the ways in which Rudolf Carnap sought to make philosophy scientific by further developing recent interpretive efforts to explain Carnap’s mature philosophical work as a form of engineering. It does this by looking in detail at his philosophical practice in his most sustained mature project, his work on pure and applied inductive logic. I, first, specify the sort of engineering Carnap is engaged in as involving an engineering design problem and then draw out the complications of design problems from current work in history of engineering and technology studies. I then model Carnap’s practice based on those lessons and uncover ways in which Carnap’s technical work in inductive logic takes some of these lessons on board. This shows ways in which Carnap’s philosophical project subtly changes right through his late work on induction, providing an important corrective to interpretations that ignore the work on inductive logic. Specifically, I show that paying attention to the historical details of Carnap’s attempt to apply his work in inductive logic to decision theory and theoretical statistics in the 1950s and 1960s helps us understand how Carnap develops and rearticulates the philosophical point of the practical/theoretical distinction in his late work, offering thus a new interpretation of Carnap’s technical work within the broader context of philosophy of science and analytical philosophy in general.
Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate

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Mohammad, Hossein Shafiee Deh Abad. "Engineering & ethics". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288216.

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Mohamad, Mohamad I. "The application of concurrent engineering philosophy to the construction industry". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7026.

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The research explores the rationale of applying Concurrent Engineering (CE) philosophy to the construction industry. CE was considered based on its successful implementation in other industries. In the manufacturing industry it is used to overcome problems similar in nature to those of the construction industry, resulting from the practice of the traditional 'over the wall' processes in product design and manufacturing (construction). During the initial stage, the research evaluated current problems faced by the industry, such as the high degree of fragmentation of industry structure and work processes, adversarial elationships among project participants' lack of communication, etc., and its effort to achieve improvement. The research also investigated the theoretical background of CE philosophy, its application in other industries especially in manufacturing, the rationale for its application to construction, and current practices within the construction industry similar to those encompassed within the CE philosophy. CE consists of several basic principles, of which the teamwork was the main focus of this research and is used as the main strategy to achieve CE implementation for construction industry. By using both quantitative and qualitative evaluation, the research determined that there was no evidence to support that CE has been practised in construction as a complete process, as it has in other industries. The research also established a number of factors that support and inhibit collaborative teamwork in construction, and rank them according to their relative importance. The rankings indicate the priorities for the industry in order to achieve collaborative working, which is critical to CE implementation. The main output of the research was the establishment of 'guidelines' for implementing a Cross Functional Project Team (CFPT), i.e. the cross functional teamwork concept based on CE principles, forming the main strategy to implement CE in construction. The 'guidelines' were developed based on the consensus opinion of industry experts using the Delphi study technique. The findings from case studies were used to validate these 'guidelines'. The research also developed a tool known as the Matrix Measurement Guidelines - 'Toward CE in Construction' (MMG-TCEiC) to help the industry to map the process toward achieving a collaborative teamwork concept based on CE environments within construction projects.

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Addis, W. "Theory and design in civil and structural engineering : A study in the history and philosophy of engineering". Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483030.

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Bärring, Philip. "The Engineering Person : Arendt and an Anthropology of Engineering Ethics". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432432.

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In this thesis Hannah Arendt’s theories of science and technology are applied in an ethnographic study of engineering ethics. Seeking to gain further understanding of Arendt’s thoughts, her concepts of The Archimedean Point and Earth Alienation is applied in interviews with engineering students in Sweden’s Uppsala University. The purpose directing this study is thus twofold, it is an attempt to anthropologize Arendt’s thoughts of science and technology, and to further understand engineering’s ethical engagement. The study identifies a dynamic where engineering students create dichotomous mentalities. One mentality is engineering’s demand of a desubjectified instrumental rationality in inherent contradiction to an ethical consciousness, this mentality can be identified as Arendt’s Archimedean Point. In conflict to this mentality lies the intersubjectivity of a socio-politically engaged student concerned with engineering’s ability to create evil. This study makes the claim that Uppsala University’s student traditions and culture encourage the second mentality and forms an important resource for ethical engagement among students.

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Hector, Donald. "Towards a new philosophy of engineering structuring the complex problems from the sustainability discourse /". Connect to full text, 2008. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/2690.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2008.
Includes tables. Includes list of publications: p. 9. Title from title screen (viewed September 19, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Hector, Donald Charles Alexander. "Towards a new philosophy of engineering: structuring the complex problems from the sustainability discourse". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2690.

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This dissertation considers three broad issues which emerge from the sustainability discourse. First is the nature of the discourse itself, particularly the underlying philosophical positions which are represented. Second, is the nature of the highly complex types of problem which the discourse exposes. And third is whether the engineering profession, as it is practised currently, is adequate to deal with such problems. The sustainability discourse exposes two distinct, fundamentally irreconcilable philosophical positions. The first, “sustainable development”, considers humanity to be privileged in relation to all other species and ecosystems. It is only incumbent upon us to look after the environment to the extent to which it is in our interests to do so. The second, “sustainability”, sees humanity as having no special moral privilege and recognises the moral status of other species, ecosystems, and even wilderness areas. Thus, sustainability imposes upon us a moral obligation to take their status into account and not to degrade or to destroy them. These two conflicting positions give rise to extremely complex problems. An innovative taxonomy of problem complexity has been developed which identifies three broad categories of problem. Of particular interest in this dissertation is the most complex of these, referred to here as the Type 3 problem. The Type 3 problem recognises the systemic complexity of the problem situation but also includes differences of the domain of interests as a fundamental, constituent part of the problem itself. Hence, established systems analysis techniques and reductionist approaches do not work. The domain of interests will typically have disparate ideas and positions, which may be entirely irreconcilable. The dissertation explores the development of philosophy of science, particularly in the last 70 years. It is noted that, unlike the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering has not been influenced by developments of critical theory, cultural theory, and postmodernism, which have had significant impact in late 20th-century Western society. This is seen as a constraint on the practice of engineering. Thus, a set of philosophical principles for sustainable engineering practice is developed. Such a change in the philosophy underlying the practice of engineering is seen as necessary if engineers are to engage with and contribute to the resolution of Type 3 problems. Two particular challenges must be overcome, if Type 3 problems are to be satisfactorily resolved. First, issues of belief, values, and morals are central to this problem type and must be included in problem consideration. And second, the problem situation is usually so complex that it challenges the capacity of human cognition to deal with it. Consequently, extensive consideration is given to cognitive and behavioural psychology, in particular to choice, judgement and decision-making in uncertainty. A novel problem-structuring approach is developed on three levels. A set philosophical foundation is established; a theoretical framework, based on general systems theory and established behavioural and cognitive psychological theory, is devised; and a set of tools is proposed to model Type 3 complex problems as a dynamic systems. The approach is different to other systems approaches, in that it enables qualitative exploration of the system to plausible, hypothetical disturbances. The problem-structuring approach is applied in a case study, which relates to the development of a water subsystem for a major metropolis (Sydney, Australia). The technique is also used to critique existing infrastructure planning processes and to propose an alternative approach.

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Hector, Donald Charles Alexander. "Towards a new philosophy of engineering: structuring the complex problems from the sustainability discourse". University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2690.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Revised work with minor emendations approved by supervisor.
This dissertation considers three broad issues which emerge from the sustainability discourse. First is the nature of the discourse itself, particularly the underlying philosophical positions which are represented. Second, is the nature of the highly complex types of problem which the discourse exposes. And third is whether the engineering profession, as it is practised currently, is adequate to deal with such problems. The sustainability discourse exposes two distinct, fundamentally irreconcilable philosophical positions. The first, “sustainable development”, considers humanity to be privileged in relation to all other species and ecosystems. It is only incumbent upon us to look after the environment to the extent to which it is in our interests to do so. The second, “sustainability”, sees humanity as having no special moral privilege and recognises the moral status of other species, ecosystems, and even wilderness areas. Thus, sustainability imposes upon us a moral obligation to take their status into account and not to degrade or to destroy them. These two conflicting positions give rise to extremely complex problems. An innovative taxonomy of problem complexity has been developed which identifies three broad categories of problem. Of particular interest in this dissertation is the most complex of these, referred to here as the Type 3 problem. The Type 3 problem recognises the systemic complexity of the problem situation but also includes differences of the domain of interests as a fundamental, constituent part of the problem itself. Hence, established systems analysis techniques and reductionist approaches do not work. The domain of interests will typically have disparate ideas and positions, which may be entirely irreconcilable. The dissertation explores the development of philosophy of science, particularly in the last 70 years. It is noted that, unlike the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering has not been influenced by developments of critical theory, cultural theory, and postmodernism, which have had significant impact in late 20th-century Western society. This is seen as a constraint on the practice of engineering. Thus, a set of philosophical principles for sustainable engineering practice is developed. Such a change in the philosophy underlying the practice of engineering is seen as necessary if engineers are to engage with and contribute to the resolution of Type 3 problems. Two particular challenges must be overcome, if Type 3 problems are to be satisfactorily resolved. First, issues of belief, values, and morals are central to this problem type and must be included in problem consideration. And second, the problem situation is usually so complex that it challenges the capacity of human cognition to deal with it. Consequently, extensive consideration is given to cognitive and behavioural psychology, in particular to choice, judgement and decision-making in uncertainty. A novel problem-structuring approach is developed on three levels. A set philosophical foundation is established; a theoretical framework, based on general systems theory and established behavioural and cognitive psychological theory, is devised; and a set of tools is proposed to model Type 3 complex problems as a dynamic systems. The approach is different to other systems approaches, in that it enables qualitative exploration of the system to plausible, hypothetical disturbances. The problem-structuring approach is applied in a case study, which relates to the development of a water subsystem for a major metropolis (Sydney, Australia). The technique is also used to critique existing infrastructure planning processes and to propose an alternative approach.

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Tang, Xiaofeng. "Engineering Knowledge and Student Development| An Institutional and Pedagogical Critique of Engineering Education". Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3684113.

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Educators have recommended the integration of engineering and the liberal arts as a promising educational model to prepare young engineers for global economic, environmental, sociotechnical, and ethical challenges. Drawing upon philosophy of technology, engineering studies, and educational psychology, this dissertation examines diverse visions and strategies for integrating engineering and liberal education and explores their impacts on students' intellectual and moral development. Based on archival research, interviews, and participant observation, the dissertation presents in-depth case studies of three educational initiatives that seek to blend engineering with the humanities, social sciences, and arts: Harvey Mudd College, the Picker Engineering Program at Smith College, and the Programs in Design and Innovation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The research finds that learning engineering in a liberal arts context increases students' sense of "owning" their education and contributes to their communication, teamwork, and other non-technical professional skills. In addition, opportunities for extensive liberal arts learning in the three cases encourage some students to pursue alternative, less technocentric approaches to engineering. Nevertheless, the case studies suggest that the epistemological differences between the engineering and liberal arts instructors help maintain a technical/social dualism among most students. Furthermore, the dissertation argues a "hidden curriculum," which reinforces the dominant ideology in the engineering profession, persists in the integrated programs and prevents the students from reflecting on the broad social context of engineering and critically examining the assumptions upheld in the engineering profession.

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Mutagahywa, Eric Beda. "Socketless TCP : a connection identification philosophy for end to end mobility". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5147.

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Includes bibliographical references.
There is increasing pressure on Telecoms and Internet Service Providers to supply their customers with access to their customized services anywhere, on any terminal via any access technology. The pressure is trickled down to software programmers to provide innovative and advanced applications to fit this new environment. This will require network protocol architects to provide an Internet framework that will give programmers more control and flexibility to create mobile aware applications. To fulfill such requirements, network protocol architects need to shift their mobility perspective from the mobile terminal to a finer grained model; finely grained in respect to allowing individual transport connections to seamless switch between network terminals, controlled dynamically and/or manually by applications or users. The key issue of this vision is how to support this model in TCP/IP networks. We argue that the TCP/IP socket pair connection identification model restricts this granularity and flexibility of mobility. We present Socketless TCP (SL-TCP), an architectural concept based on reconsidering the socket pair for connection identification.

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Libri sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

Bucciarelli, Louis L. Engineering philosophy. Delft: DUP Satellite, 2002.

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Engineering philosophy. Delft, The Netherlands: DUP Satellite, 2003.

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Pirtle, Zachary, David Tomblin e Guru Madhavan, a cura di. Engineering and Philosophy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70099-7.

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Michelfelder, Diane P., Byron Newberry e Qin Zhu, a cura di. Philosophy and Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45193-0.

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Poel, Ibo, e David Goldberg, a cura di. Philosophy and Engineering:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2804-4.

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Dias, Priyan. Philosophy for Engineering. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1271-1.

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Korte, Russell, Mani Mina, Stephen Frezza e David A. Nordquest. Philosophy and Engineering Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79207-6.

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Heywood, John, William Grimson, Jerry W. Gravander, Gregory Bassett e John Krupczak. Philosophy and Engineering Education. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03761-0.

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Christensen, Steen Hyldgaard, Carl Mitcham, Bocong Li e Yanming An, a cura di. Engineering, Development and Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5282-5.

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Penny, R. K. Developing a philosophy for engineering. (Cape Town): University of Cape Town, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

Şen, Zekâi. "Philosophy and Engineering". In Philosophical, Logical and Scientific Perspectives in Engineering, 61–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01742-6_3.

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Grimson, William. "Engineering and Philosophy". In Philosophy and Engineering Education, 17–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03761-0_2.

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Pitt, Joseph C. "Fitting Engineering into Philosophy". In Philosophy and Engineering: Reflections on Practice, Principles and Process, 91–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7762-0_8.

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Jia, Junbo. "Design Philosophy". In Modern Earthquake Engineering, 433–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31854-2_14.

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McLaughlin, Daniel. "Engineering, Judgement and Engineering Judgement: A Proposed Definition". In Engineering and Philosophy, 199–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70099-7_10.

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Stiegler, Bernard. "Afterword: Web Philosophy". In Philosophical Engineering, 187–98. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118700143.ch13.

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Dias, Priyan. "Introduction: From Engineering to Philosophy". In Philosophy for Engineering, 1–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1271-1_1.

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Dias, Priyan. "Conclusion: From Philosophy to Engineering". In Philosophy for Engineering, 117–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1271-1_9.

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Gravander, Jerry W. "Philosophy of Engineering as Propaedeutic for the Philosophy of Engineering Education". In Philosophy and Engineering Education, 31–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03761-0_3.

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Mitcham, Carl, e Wang Nan. "From Engineering Ethics to Engineering Politics". In Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 307–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16172-3_17.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

Troxell, Wade O., e Graeme W. Troxell. "Towards a philosophy of engineering". In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ethics.2014.6893389.

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Grimson, William, Mike Murphy, Steen Hyldgaard Christensen e Erik Erno-Kjolhede. "Philosophy matters in engineering studies". In 2008 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2008.4720424.

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Heywood, John, William Grimson e Russell Korte. "Teaching philosophy to engineering students". In 2009 39th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2009.5350459.

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Dzhigan, Olga, Naira Danielyan e Denise Oram. "Philosophy of social network engineering". In 2015 Internet Technologies and Applications (ITA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itecha.2015.7317430.

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Yesilyurt, Ezgi. "Philosophy of Engineering for K–12 Engineering Education". In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1881430.

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McGrann, Roy T. R. "Philosophy of technology in engineering education". In 2008 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2008.4720598.

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Carvalho, Gustavo, Jano M. Souza e Sergio Palma J. Medeiros. "Collaboration engineering, philosophy, and Democracy with LaSca". In 2009 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscwd.2009.4968033.

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Yang, Siyu, He Liu, Liming Lian e Yongzhi Yang. "IOR Engineering Philosophy in Brownfield--Case Study". In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176311-ms.

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Naragund, Jayalakshmi G., Prakash A. Kotre, Suvarna Kanakaraddi e C. Sujata. "Philosophy of Data Structures in Engineering Education". In 2016 International Conference on Learning and Teaching in Computing and Engineering (LaTICE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/latice.2016.18.

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van de Lindt, John W., Shiling Pei, David O. Prevatt, Thang Dao, William Coulbourne, Andrew J. Graettinger e Rakesh Gupta. "Dual Objective Design Philosophy for Tornado Engineering". In Structures Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412367.086.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Philosophy of engineering"

Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay e Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.

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Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay e Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Abstract (sommario):

Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.

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