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Articoli di riviste sul tema "PHILOSOPHY / Movements / Critical Theory"
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Tursunova, Mukhlisa V. "CONTEMPORARY CRITICAL THOUGHTS IN “ENGLAND, ENGLAND”". American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 02, n. 06 (1 giugno 2022): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume02issue06-19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article investigates the latest critical views in England by analyzing a postmodern novel “England, England” by contemporary British author Julian Barnes, applying the postmodernist theory of deconstruction fostered by French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The theory’s main components such as the tension between memory and fidelity, heterogeneity, a break and absolute newness are regarded as the focus in examining and understanding highly developed current societies that are rejecting the mere objectivity of earlier movements and praising the diversity of truth.
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Nelson, Eric S. "Zhang Junmai’s Early Political Philosophy and the Paradoxes of Chinese Modernity". Asian Studies 8, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2020): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.1.183-208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article examines the significance of reflexive self-critical modernity in the development of early “New Confucianism” by reconsidering the example of Zhang Junmai in the context of the May Fourth and New Culture Movements. Whereas these movements advocated scientific rationality and thorough Westernization, Zhang’s education and research in Germany before and after the First World War led him to a critical perspective on Western modernity informed by its contemporary crisis tendencies and Western philosophical and social-political critics. Zhang adopted elements from German Idealism, life-philosophy, and social democracy to critique the May Fourth and New Culture Movements and reconstruct the “rational core” and ethical sensibility of Confucian philosophy. Zhang’s “self-critical modernity” was oriented toward a moral and social-political instead of a scientific and technological vision of Westernization. Zhang’s position was condemned by New Culture champions of scientific modernity who construed Zhang’s position as reactionary metaphysics beholden to the past without addressing his self-critical interpretation of modernity that adopted early twentieth century Western critiques of the spiritual and capitalist crisis-tendencies of modernity. In response to this complex situation, Zhang articulated a phenomenological interpretation of the social-political, ethical, and cultural lifeworld, drawing on classic and contemporary Chinese and Western sources, which endeavoured to more adequately address the paradoxes of Westernization and modernization, and the crisis of Chinese ethical life.
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Crapo Kim, Ruthanne. "Creolizing Place, Origin, and Difference: The Opaque Waters between Glissant and Irigaray". Hypatia 37, n. 4 (2022): 765–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2022.52.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article brings Édouard Glissant's theory of creolization into critical conversation with Luce Irigaray's sexuate difference theory and suggests creolization as a process capable of reconfiguring place and origin. Such a creolized conception, the article suggests, fissures narratives of legitimacy, possession, and lawful order, pseudo-claims utilized to dismiss antiracist protests. The article traces Irigaray's critique of woman as place and origin with her conception of the interval. It examines how Glissant's analysis of the womb-abyss clarifies and strategically obscures racialization as an ongoing lacuna in Western thought. By deploying a rhizomatic network of relayed traces, the essay examines Glissantian notions of chaos, trembling, and detour to articulate sociopolitical movements that reveal and undermine the sexual economy of the neo-Plantation. Both thinkers, the author suggests, bring together place, origin, and movement to construct two radically different but strategically valuable theories that have yet to be put in a sustained, critical conversation. By positioning each theorist within their own framework, discourse, and socio-ethical concerns, the author offers ways that creolization and sexuate difference theory clarify issues contemporary American feminism tends to gesture toward as “intersectional” issues of gender, sex, and race.
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Rasmussen, David. "Arguing for classical critical theory". Filozofija i drustvo 32, n. 1 (2021): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2101005r.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In my view, making the case for a specific interpretation of Critical Theory is problematic.1 Although the term has a prestigious origin stemming from Horkheimer?s 1937 paper, Traditional and Critical Theory,2 given during his term as Director of the Institute for Social Research at Frankfurt University and generating the enthusiasm of its members, the term and the movement associated would be defined and radically redefined not only by subsequent generations but by its very author. One of the merits of the book under discussion is that even before the first chapter an ?Interlude? is presented entitled Arguing for Classical Critical Theory signifying to the reader that Horkheimer got it right when he defined the subject and that it is possible to return to that particular definition after 83 years. This paper challenges Professor S?rensen?s claims for the restoration of classical Critical Theory on three levels: the scientific, the historical and the political level.
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Couture, Tony. "Feminist Criticisms of Habermas's Ethics and Politics". Dialogue 34, n. 2 (1995): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300014700.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My project is to assess recent objections directed at Jürgen Habermas by Nancy Fraser, Iris Young and Seyla Benhabib. This dispute is significant because it concerns the value of the Enlightenment style, detached criticism promoted by Habermas as compared to new proposals about dissent from a stance connected to social movements. I argue that these feminist criticisms of Habermas's critical theory are compelling and that they require substantial changes in Habermas's thinking.
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Pala, Mauro. "Movimento come prassi immanente. L’anti teoria nei "Quaderni del carcere"". Elephant and castle, n. 31 (30 dicembre 2023): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.62336/unibg.eac.31.484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A modern classic, Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks represents today a point of reference in diverse fields, from anthropolo-gy to history, from political theory to literary studies and so-ciology. In order to understand how Gramsci’s methodology functions, one needs to focus on movements between ‘high’ and ‘low’, aristocratic and popular, war of strategy and war of position, dominant and subaltern. Gramsci rediscovers young Marx’s revolutionary writings and adopts a radical stance in which Marxism coincides with an immanent – that is, mo-bile – critique of humanity in which institutions and common sense are stripped of any metaphysical residuals. Grams-ci called it philosophy of praxis and singled out philology as its instrument. This contribution aims at reconstructing the context in which this highly dynamic, anti-dogmatic concep-tion develops, eschewing determinism and the hidden teleol-ogy of positivism. Mobility as a theory of social change looms large in the Prison Notebooks, whereas passive revolution reflects the fixity of state centrism related to uneven social conditions. But above all the philosophy of praxis’ strength consists in its self-reflective faculty, what Said defines as “Traveling theory”, ideas and theories that move from one culture to another, involving processes of representation and institutionalization different from those of the point of origin, thus spreading critical consciousness through movement.
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Aisah, Siti. "CRITICAL OF THOUGHT MUHAMMAD SYAHRUR (A REFLECTION)". Mu'amalat: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 11, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2019): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/mu.v11i2.2134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper aims to examine the thoughts of Muhammad Syahrur which is sourced from his book al-Kitab wa al-Qur'an: Qira’ah Mu'ashirah. Then compared also with the thought of Thahir al-Syawwaf which originates from his book entitled Qira’ah Mu'ashirah Syahrur, which has the title Tahafut al-Qira’ah al-Mu’ashirah. The method used is the study of literature on books from both thinkers.
The results showed that the Methodology used by Syahrur in understanding God, nature, and humans is a philosophy with a focus on the philosophy of materialism. Then in understanding the characteristics and power of Islamic law, it must be stated two characteristics of hanafiyyah and istiqomah. These two properties are very contradictory but complementary. These two characteristics then gave birth to the limit theory. With this limut theory, Islamic law will have a dynamic movement in the midst of turmoil and the development of modern reality. Furthermore, what is stated by Syahrur, according to Syawwaf, is inseparable from the method of thinking that uses the philosophy of Marxism. Where social reality is used as a foothold in establishing law, does not make the Qur'an as a source of law.
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Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven B., e Hazel T. Biana. "From Social Construction to Social Critique: An Interview with Sally Haslanger". Hypatia 37, n. 1 (2022): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2021.82.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSally Haslanger (b. 1955) is Ford Professor of Philosophy and Women's and Gender Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a leading contemporary feminist philosopher. She has worked on analytic metaphysics, epistemology, and ancient philosophy. Her areas of interest are social and political philosophy, feminist theory, and critical race theory. Her 2012 book, Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique, collects papers published over the course of twenty years that link work in contemporary metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language with social and political issues concerning gender, race, and the family. It was awarded the 2014 Joseph B. Gittler Prize for “outstanding scholarly contribution in the field of the philosophy of one or more of the social sciences.” In this interview, done in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the #BlackLivesMatter movement, we discuss her ideas on social practices, social structure, and structural explanation. We also delve into her debunking project of elucidating the notion of ideology in a way that links it with contemporary work in epistemology, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind, and to do justice to the materiality of social practices and social structures.
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Cornell, Drucilla, e Stephen D. Seely. "Why Political? Why Spirituality? Why Now?" CLR James Journal 27, n. 1 (2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/clrjames2021111685.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this essay, we revisit the concept of “political spirituality” that we developed in our book The Spirit of Revolution: Beyond the Dead Ends of Man (2016) in light of the profound political upheavals that have happened since its publication. We begin with theories about the breakdown of neoliberalism and the “return of politics” with the rise of so-called populist movements. We argue that notions of the “demos” and the “people” miss the dimension of transindividuality central to our thinking of political spirituality. The second aspect of political spirituality missing from current critical theory is transcendence, or the desire to go beyond the limits of who and what we are. We capture both these dimensions through a notion of “relational finitude,” demonstrating both the poverty of European philosophy in this respect, and celebrating the contribution of feminism, decolonial theory, and African philosophy toward a new praxis of being human.
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Tomlinson, George. "12Modern European Philosophy". Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory 27, n. 1 (2019): 220–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ywcct/mbz012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter reviews four books published in 2018 which are not readily categorized as works in ‘modern European philosophy’: Gurminder K. Bhambra, Kerem Nişancloğlu, and Dalia Gebrial’s edited volume Decolonising the University, Chantal Mouffe’s For a Left Populism, Cinzia Arruzza, Tithi Bhattacharya, and Nancy Fraser’s Feminism for the 99%, and Andreas Malm’s The Progress of this Storm. Yet their uneasy relationship to this philosophy is precisely the reason they constitute a significant contribution to it. The philosophical originality and critical purchase of these books proceed from the fact that each is a singular case of philosophy’s dependence on ‘non-philosophy’; each exposes the impossibility of viewing philosophy as a self-sufficient discipline. In particular, they are a timely reminder that the best political philosophy is produced through actually existing social movements to change (which ecologically now means simply saving) the world. The chapter is divided into six sections: 1. Introduction; 2. Decolonizing Philosophy: Decolonising the University; 3. Anti-Post-Politics: For a Left Populism; 4. Anti-Post-Marxism: Feminism for the 99%; 5. Anti-Postmodernism: The Progress of This Storm; 6. Conclusion.
Tesi sul tema "PHILOSOPHY / Movements / Critical Theory"
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Marriott, Stephen Charles. "Critical theory : reason and dialectic". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2823/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Whilst Hegel's influence upon the Frankfurt School's reconstruction of Marx has not gone unnoticed, this influence has never really been adequately theorised. In particular, the question of how the Frankfurt School understood the relation between Hegel's method and Marx's materialism has received very little systematic attention. The present study is a response to this situation: it presents the Frankfurt Marxist tradition as a significant although by no means uncritical contribution to the theory of historical materialism. Moreover, that contribution is shown to derive from some of the central concepts of Hegel's philosophy. Thus in opposition to those commentators, Marxists and non-Marxists alike, who have tended to view Frankfurt Marxism as an exercise in eclectic revisionism, I argue that the work of Horkheimer and his colleagues constitutes an attempt to restate and defend, on the basis of an immanent critique of Hegel's idealism, the fundamental principles of Marx's historical materialism. Accordingly, the central chapters of this thesis are devoted to a close examination of the way in which members of the Frankfurt School, building on the work of Lukács and Korsch, sought to appropriate Hegel's subject-object dialectic on behalf of materialism. In the course of this investigation the following themes come to prominence: the relation between Hegel's social philosophy and a critical theory of society; Horkheimer's project of multi-disciplinary materialism; the methodological significance of the category of totality; materialism as the preponderance of the object; the possibility and nature of a Freud-Marx synthesis; the concept of a critical as opposed to a traditional scientific theory of society. Taken together these themes constitute the basic problematic of the Frankfurt Marxist tradition. The intention of this study is to demonstrate the importance of that problematic for the further development of the materialist theory of history and society.
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Foster, Roger Stephen. "Domination and disintegration: Adorno and critical social theory". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/8569.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The central claim of my thesis is that Theodor Adorno's social theory harbours important insights which can bring to light significant deficiencies and weaknesses in the works of contemporary critical theorists. In order to substantiate this claim, I argue that Adorno's philosophical and sociological writings embody a coherent and systematic version of critical social theory. I then attempt to place Adorno's version of critical social theory in critical and constructive dialogue with the successors to the tradition of Frankfurt School critical theory (Jurgen Habermas and Axel Honneth). This is achieved by reconstructing and reinterpreting Adorno's key theses through insights developed in contemporary social theory. Part One demonstrates, firstly, how Adorno's critical social theory developed from out of the problems of the earlier social-theoretic 'paradigms'. In chapter two, I argue that Adorno, in Negative Dialectics, develops a conception of critical theory as a 'critical dialectic of concepts', derived from a synthesis of the Durkheimian sociology of knowledge, and Hegelian dialectic. Chapter three attempts to substantiate and develop this thesis, and also shows how Adorno develops a theory of linguistic reification. In chapter four, I attempt to expound the social theory underlying the philosophical arguments of Negative Dialectics. In Part Two, I deploy the insights derived from the analysis of Adorno's work in order to furnish a critique of Habermas's critical theory, concerned with its failure to develop an adequate critique of class- and group-specific domination (chapter five) and problems stemming from its formal/abstract conception of moral-practical reason (chapter six). I then turn, in Part Three, to the critical theory of recognition. It is argued that, by returning the concept of social struggle to the centre of the analysis, the theory of recognition is able to theorize structures of domination and oppositional praxis far more adequately than the Habermasian account. However, I argue that this theory needs to integrate insights deriving from Adorno's thesis of integration through domination. I argue that the concept of symbolic power provides for a plausible reconstruction of Adorno's integration thesis, by interpreting integration through domination as occurring at the symbolic rather than the psychic level. In the final chapter, I draw upon contemporary social theory in order to furnish an interpretation of Adorno's social theory as articulating a twofold distortion of instrumental reason, which I characterize as a dialectic of increasing integration through domination, and intensifying lifeworld disintegration.
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Rapalo, Castellanos Renan. "The critique of modernity and the claims of critical theory /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Rodriguez, Lopez Juan-Pablo. "The possibility of social critique : between critical social theory and social movements". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/2d7edd90-e0d7-498b-bf1a-6fc0d727b5a8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The global wave of mobilisations that took place after the 2008 financial crisis prompted social movement scholars and radical thinkers to highlight the ability of social actors to resist capitalism and develop new forms of radical democracy. This initial moment of 'effervescence' has been followed by a longer period of balance and critical evaluation. In this context, critical theorists have welcomed the renewal of social critique after a long period of withdrawal and the enunciation of a post-critical era. However, this renewal has taken place at the expense of critical theory's social significance. In this work, I propose a productive cross-fertilisation of the various realms in which the social critique of capitalism has (separately) taken place: critical social theory and practices of social criticism carried out by social movements. Drawing on Fredric Jameson's notion of an 'aesthetic of cognitive mapping' and on Luc Boltanski's critical sociology, the thesis argues that the affinities between the two forms of critique provide a basis upon which a politically and theoretically productive articulation might be built. In the first part, I explore four different styles of theoretical critique - from David Harvey to Luc Boltanski - highlighting their merits and limitations. In the second part, I delve into the practices of criticism of capitalist society carried out by two Chilean social movements: the pobladores' movement and the student movement, respectively, in order to explore how social critique is performed in the context of concrete social struggles. Pobladores and students have been resisting, mapping, and contesting neoliberal policies in Chile since the beginning of the 2000s, actualising old practices of resistance in a new and fragmented social context. By disclosing the affinities between the practices of social critique at both levels, I contend that critical theorists can learn from social movements' descriptions and explanations, and thus rehabilitate its political emancipatory dimension.
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Madiraju, Santhosh Kumar. "Discourse on rationality : rational choice and critical theory". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6102/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis contrasts two hostile and divergent intellectual paradigms in social sciences: rational choice and critical theory. Both rational choice and critical theory offer contrasting perspectives on the structures of social interaction. However, both critical theory and rational choice theory share overlapping concerns ie., both are preoccupied with determining what rational can mean in the realm of social and political interaction. In the case of rational choice paradigm, instrumental reason forms the cornerstone of the theoretical edifice. Ever since the publication of Jurgen Habermas' The lhemy qf Communicative Action Vol. / (1984) and Vol. II (1986) instrumental reason has come under severe attack. His critique anchors on a theory of communicative reason. What makes Habermas' work distinctive is that he does not regard instrumental reason as the single inevitable concomitant of modernity. Habermas sees in modernity an alternative way of conceptualising social interaction in terms of communication rather than strategy. So in a way, his work is a challenge to the defenders of modernity aiming to build a unified social science Jurgen Habermas advances the notion of communicative reason as the centerpiece of a social theory as opposed to instrumental reason. By providing a systematic grounding of the concept of reason in human language, he hopes to establish normative basis of critical theory. This model of reaching agreement or consent constitutes a process of dialogue in which reasons are exchanged between participants. This process is perceived to be a joint search for consensus. Such a dialogic concept of collective choice would necessarily work not with fixed preferences to be amalgamated (as rational choice theories do) but with preferences that are altered or modified as competing reasons are advanced in the course of discussion. In rational discussion, the only thing supposed to count is the power of better argument. Both rational choice and critical theory conceptualise politics in different ways. Rational choice theories critique democratic mechanisms failing to generate general will. Consequently, the political prescriptions offered are limited government or market. On the contrary, the political implications of Habermas' theory of deliberative democracy is anchored in the notion of liberal public sphere envisaging a cognitivist, rationalist vision in which discourse forms a critical normative basis for evaluating the political and moral principles.
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Nemiroff, Greta Hofmann 1937. "From humanistic education to critical humanism : the dialectics of theory and praxis". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59423.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis articulates the philosophy of The New School of Dawson College, an alternative pre-university Arts programme in a community college in Montreal. The roots of The New School's philosophy are examined and critiqued in the works of: Dewey, the existentialists, popular educational critics of the 1960s, Maslow, Rogers, the humanistic and "Values" educators, Kozol, Freire, Aronowitz, Giroux and feminist educational theorists.The thesis focuses, however, on the dialectical relationship between theory and praxis in the development of educational philosophy. It describes the process by which various elements to be found in the works of these educational philosophers are tested by and integrated into the pedagogy of the school, contributing to its educational philosophy of Critical Humanism.
This thesis combines philosophical analysis with concrete examples of a praxis which is informed by and, in turn, informs educational theory.
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Heydari, Fard Sahar. "The Morality of Social Movements". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623240271431722.
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Kingston, Stephen. "Dilemmas of British and Italian feminist movements and critical social theory : reflexive critiques". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396820.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis critical social theory is used to assess the historical status of modern feminist movements, the experience of which is used in turn to assess the usefulness of certain key concepts from critical social theory. In particular Habermas' concept of the ideal speech situation is used to determine how far feminist movements fall into the tradition of earlier uni versalising social movements. This concept is used both to analyse the forms of the movements (their structures and practices) and their substantive activity in the area of political demands. The ideal speech situation indicates that feminist movements were in a state of permanent tension between competing commitments, especially universalist and particularist imperatives. This dual logic can be seen in the pursuit of a renegotiation of the publicI private divide. It can also be seen in the debates among feminists in the educational context. In conclusion, it is suggested that feminist movements were both dependent on and undermined by the tension between universalism and particularism. However, the problems raised by these movements give indications that the ideal speech situation may prove inadequate as a normative guide, particularly owing to the problems relating to fertility explored by feminism.
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Leung, Kwan-yuen Physer. "For a critical theory of law: a Levinasian critique of Dworkin's theory of law as integrity and Habermas'sdiscourse theory of law". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238853.
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Dixon, Martin J. C. "Composition as praxis : on Adorno's philosophy of aesthetic production". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272180.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "PHILOSOPHY / Movements / Critical Theory"
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1952-, Ingram David, Simon-Ingram Julia 1961- e Ingram David 1952-, a cura di. Critical theory: The essential readings. New York, USA: Paragon House, 1992.
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Nino, Langiulli, a cura di. European existentialism. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction., 1997.
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1930-, Gordon Haim, a cura di. Dictionary of existentialism. London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999.
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1961-, Simons Jon, a cura di. From Kant to Lévi-Strauss: The background to contemporary critical theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002.
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Critical Rationalism and the Theory of Society. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Alamuti, Masoud Mohammadi. Critical Rationalism and the Theory of Society. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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What's critical about critical realism?: Essays in reconstructive social theory. London: Routledge, 2014.
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Ingram, David. Critical Theory: The Essential Readings (Paragon Issues in Philosophy). Paragon House Publishers, 1992.
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Alamuti, Masoud Mohammadi. Critical Rationalism and the Theory of Society: Critical Rationalism and the Open Society Volume 1. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Alamuti, Masoud Mohammadi. Critical Rationalism and the Theory of Society: Critical Rationalism and the Open Society Volume 1. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "PHILOSOPHY / Movements / Critical Theory"
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Chirimuuta, M. "The Critical Difference Between Holism and Vitalism in Cassirer’s Philosophy of Science". In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 85–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter surveys Ernst Cassirer’s responses to the vitalist and holist/organicist movements in biology during the early decades of the twentieth century. I argue that examination of the combination of Cassirer’s enthusiasm for holism, and rejection of vitalism, puts into relief many themes and preoccupations that are consistent across Cassirer’s philosophical career, and aids the interpretation of his philosophy of symbolic forms. I propose that it is useful to read the third volume of the Philosophy of Symbolic Forms as a critical response to anti-rationalistic tendencies in the philosophy of Henri Bergson, and other proponents of Lebensphilosophie. Hence the availability of holism, as a purportedly less obscure alternative to vitalism, suits this broader agenda. At the same time, Cassirer’s acceptance of holism depends on a commitment to the autonomy of biology which is at odds with the physicalism of the Vienna Circle, but consistent with Heidegger’s favourable response to holism in comparison with vitalism. Yet, in the end we are left with an interpretative puzzle about how Cassirer proposes to avoid the encroachment of physicalism into theorising in the biological and human sciences while maintaining his view that progress in science is the result of increasing quantification.
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Shmidt, Victoria. "Vitalist Arguments in the Struggle for Human (Im)Perfection: The Debate Between Biologists and Theologians in the 1960s–1980s". In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 217–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn this chapter, I explore and offer critical reflections on the widespread practice of attributing negative value to “vital forces” in debates on health and disease, as the direct result of the extensive dissemination of genetics and its implications since the late 1960s. This historical reconstruction focuses on the most heated debates in popular science periodicals and editions, having the longest-lasting public “echo,” which have shaped an intergenerational continuity in the reproduction of vitalist arguments in discursive practices regarding health, disease, and their genetic factors.Mapping attacks on vital forces as various forms of negation addresses three different debates in the historically interrelated repertoire of potentially rival approaches to health, disease, and their genetic components: (1) the attribution of negative value to primal instinct as an obstacle to the progress of human civilization; (2) the normative vitalism mainly associated with French philosophers George Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, and Gilles Deleuze; and (3) the movement for the deinstitutionalization of health care within the negative theology presented by Ivan Illich.The reproduction of vitalist arguments in the each of the three realms is seen as a historical continuity of the medical vitalism that appeared in the Enlightenment and that produced a less monolithic and more conceptually coherent continuum of the positions regarding health, diseases, and their causes. In line with the Lakatosian division into internalist and externalist histories of science, I focus on the multiple functions of vitalist arguments: as a main force in the contest among rival theories regarding health and disease (as a part of the internalist narrative); as a signifier of the boundary work delineating science and not-science, whether labeled as theology or as “bad” science aimed at legitimizing science (as a part of externalist history); and as an ideological platform for bridging science and its performance in policies concerning reproduction .
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Farias, Lisette, e Rebecca M. Aldrich. "Critical Theory". In Philosophy and Occupational Therapy, 155–62. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003525660-16.
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de Zengotita, Thomas. "Critical Theory". In Political Philosophy and Public Purpose, 127–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90689-8_7.
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Sherman, David. "Critical Theory". In The Blackwell Guide to Continental Philosophy, 188–218. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997093.ch10.
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Long, Eugene Thomas. "Critical Theory". In Twentieth-Century Western Philosophy of Religion 1900–2000, 453–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4064-5_21.
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Delgado, Sandra X., e Michelle Gautreaux. "Marxism and Student Movements". In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, 1–6. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_281-1.
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Delgado, Sandra X., e Michelle Gautreaux. "Marxism and Student Movements". In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory, 1362–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-588-4_281.
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Blake, Nigel, e Jan Masschelein. "Critical Theory and Critical Pedagogy". In The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Education, 38–56. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470996294.ch3.
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Pensky, Max. "Third Generation Critical Theory". In A Companion to Continental Philosophy, 407–16. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405164542.ch35.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "PHILOSOPHY / Movements / Critical Theory"
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Tripp, Andrew R. "Architecture after Virtue: Questioning the (Inter)disciplinarity of Ethical and Architectural Theory". In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.86.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is much to indicate that ethics is an important field of inquiry for contemporary architects; and yet there is little evidence that this field has been defined in a way that will support ongoing academic and practical inquiry. One impediment to the formation of such a field is the divergence between disciplinary and interdisciplinary understandings of ethics and architecture. Does the conversation on ethics and architecture reflect an interdisciplinary movement? Or is ethical theory already intrinsic to architectural theory? This short essay takes up two antithetical positions in order to initiate a line of questioning critical of both. These positions include, on the one hand, the survival/revival of virtue ethics within the phenomenological school of architectural thinking, identified herein with the architectural theorists Joseph Rykwert and Dalibor Vesely, and on the other hand, the interdisciplinary arguments of architect William Taylor and moral philosopher Michael Levine.
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Sungur, Zerrin. "Women Entrepreneurship in Slow Cities of Turkey from a Sociological Perspective". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00786.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cittàslow movement was established in Italy in 1999. The Slow City movement incorporates a philosophy and a commitment to maintain the cultural heritage and quality of life of their membership towns. A slow city aims to improve the quality of life of its citizens and its visitors. Member towns are obliged to pursue local projects protecting local cultures, contributing to a relaxed pace of life, creating conviviality and hospitality and promoting a unique sense of place and local distinctiveness. There are nine slow cities in Turkey in 2013. This study examines the women entrepreneurship in slow cities of Turkey from a sociological perspective. Slow cities offer many opportunities in the meaning of local development especially for women in Turkey. They can engage with small business, hand-crafts, and organic farming in slow cities. But training of women, certification of the quality of artisan products and awareness of the citizens of slow cities are the critical issues in the sustainable local development process. Therefore, it is possible to increase income level of women living in slow cities in Turkey and also to preserve local tastes.
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Lopez Melendez, Miguel. "Whatever Happened to Aesthetics within Urbanism? Oblivion or Prejudice?" In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.11979.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most contemporary architectural and urban debates have overlooked, if not diminished, the critical character of aesthetics as branch of philosophy and mediator of our social interactions. Urban transformations entail social, economic, environmental, political, technological, psychological, and aesthetics changes. Thus, the ubiquity of aesthetics demands more sophisticated critical methods to counter the pragmatism and technocratic approaches within contemporary design practices. But the urgency to tackle the challenges of urbanization has condemned the critical framework that aesthetics provides to oblivion within design. In contrast, this text situates aesthetics at the center of contemporary urban debates and defends its analytical power to tackle the challenges of urbanization, such as climate change, social inequity, and migration crises. Keywords: aesthetic blindness, aesthetics of urbanization, Urban Theory and History, urban theories and histories Most contemporary architectural and urban debates have overlooked, if not diminished, the critical character of aesthetics as branch of philosophy and mediator of our social interactions. Urban transformations entail social, economic, environmental, political, technological, psychological, and aesthetics changes. Thus, the ubiquity of aesthetics demands more sophisticated critical methods to counter the pragmatism and technocratic approaches within contemporary design practices. But the urgency to tackle the challenges of urbanization has condemned the critical framework that aesthetics provides to oblivion within design. In contrast, this text situates aesthetics at the center of contemporary urban debates and defends its analytical power to tackle the challenges of urbanization, such as climate change, social inequity, and migration crises. Keywords: aesthetic blindness, aesthetics of urbanization, Urban Theory and History, urban theories and histories
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Trebežnik, Luka. "Christianity as a constant process of atheization". In International conference Religious Conversions and Atheization in 20th Century Central and Eastern Europe. Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper, Annales ZRS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/978-961-7195-39-2_07.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In his Deconstruction of Christianity, the contemporary French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy described Christianity as “the exit from religion and the expansion of the atheist world”. Inspired by this assertion, we will reassess the traces of atheism in Christianity and its secular supplements. We will examine the broad context of Christianity and some seemingly external factors such as the Enlightenment and the development of science. Several features of Christianity, such as the emphasis on spirituality, individual faith, and the deinstitutionalization of religious experience, have prepared the ground for the rise of atheism. First, Christianity, most clearly in the Protestant denominations, places great emphasis on the inner spiritual experience of the believer, the conscience as the inner presence of God. The subjective personal relationship with God and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit are central tenets of Christian theology. However, this emphasis on individual, private spirituality can inadvertently lead to a devaluation of external religious structures and communal rituals and even pave the way for atheistic isolation. Moreover, throughout its history, Christianity has repeatedly produced its own critics, movements that have challenged institutional authority and hierarchical structures within the church. From the Hussites to the Protestant Reformation to today's movements advocating spiritual autonomy, the goal has always been to decentralize religious authority, separate it from worldly powers (secularization) and empower individual believers. While this deinstitutionalization is certainly meant to promote a more authentic and personal faith that is closer to God's will, it can also create room for doubt and scepticism, which in turn can lead to atheism. Furthermore, Christianity has grappled more than other religions with the tension between faith and reason, two completely different areas of our relationship with reality and the world. This relationship has completely changed with advances in science and philosophy, as traditional religious doctrines and supernatural explanations are increasingly challenged and even rendered obsolete. The struggle to reconcile faith and reason has led some people to the practical solution of rejecting religious faith altogether in favour of a purely secular worldview. We should also mention that even the pervasive influence of Christianity on Western culture may have inadvertently facilitated its own decline. Because Christianity is deeply embedded in societal norms, people who have grown up in Christian cultures may take their faith for granted, not as something out of the ordinary, but as something normal, leading to complacency or indifference toward religious beliefs. Over time, this cultural familiarity with Christianity can erode the foundations of religious belief and eventually contribute to the rise of atheism. Given this internal dynamic, it is clear that Christianity itself has played a crucial role in its own atheization. This paper will highlight some of the key features of Christian atheism and one of its most notorious examples, socialist atheization.
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Yu, Jingjun, Shouzhong Li, Shusheng Bi e Guanghua Zong. "Symmetry Design in Flexure Systems Using Kinematic Principles". In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12385.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inspiration for the creation of mechanical devices often comes from observing the natural structures and movements of living organisms. Understanding the wide use of modularity and compliance in nature may lead to the design of high-performance flexure systems or compliant devices. One of the most important nature-inspired paradigms for constructing flexure systems is based on the effective use of symmetry. With a rigid mathematical foundation called screw theory and Lie group. The research of this paper mainly focuses on: (i) Mathematical explanation or treatment of symmetry design wildly used in flexure systems, concerning with a series of topics such as the relationship between degree of freedom (DOF), constraint, overconstraint, decouple motion and symmetrical geometry, and How to guarantee the mobility unchanged when using symmetry design? (ii) A compliance-based analytical verification for demonstrating that the symmetry design can effectively improve accuracy and dynamic performances. (iii) The feasibility of improving accuracy performance by connecting symmetry design with the principle of elastic averaging. The whole content is organized around a case study, i.e. symmetrical design of 1-DOF translational flexure mechanisms. The results are intent to provide a rigid theoretical foundation and significant instruction for the symmetry design philosophy in flexure systems using kinematic principles.
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Giles, J. W., L. M. Ferreira, G. S. Athwal e J. A. Johnson. "Validation of a Novel In-Vitro Simulator for Real-Time Control of Active Shoulder Movements in Various Planes of Motion". In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In-vitro simulation of active shoulder joint motion is critical to gaining an understanding of the effects of surgical procedures and implant designs. However, development of systems for the accurate simulation of active shoulder motion has lagged well behind those implemented for the lower limb and elbow, which have used principles of closed-loop joint angle control 1,4. In contrast, active shoulder motion has been confined to simulators that can hold static joint angles through the application of loads based on computer model outputs 2, or that use constant velocity of the middle deltoid while using open-loop control to apportion other muscle loads as a function of a-priori physiologic loading ratios 3. Neither of these schemes utilizes real-time feedback of kinematic data in order to follow smooth, predefined profiles. The lack of more refined shoulder simulators, based on control theory, can primarily be attributed to the complexity of shoulder motion and the number of degrees of freedom (DOFs) ( i.e. plane of abduction, abduction angle, and axial rotation) which must be controlled.
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Cui, Weicheng, Fang Wang e Xiaoping Wang. "Towards a Unified Fatigue Life Prediction (UFLP) Method for Marine Structures: An Overview". In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Marine structures such as ships and offshore platforms are mostly made of metals and designed with damage tolerance. This design philosophy requires accurate prediction of fatigue crack growth under service conditions. Now more and more people have realized that only a fatigue life prediction method based on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) theory has the potential to explain various fatigue phenomena observed. However, it is not the case that any type of FCP theory can work. As a matter of fact, from the very fundamental question of fatigue crack driving forces to the more complicated fatigue crack growth rate expressions all are needed critical examination. In the past several years, the group led by the authors have made some efforts in developing a unified fatigue life prediction (UFLP) method for marine structures. By unified method the authors mean that the method should be able to explain all the observed fatigue phenomena. In this paper, an overview of these researches is carried out and our main research results are presented.
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Holmquist, Paul. "Architecture of/as Protest: Action, Place and the Concern for the World". In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.57.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
What is the relation between political action and architectural space? How do protesters and other actors transform urban spaces into stages for envisioning and enacting political change? How do architectural places in turn support, condition or even elicit public action? How are architects and designers political actors, and how can architecture, design, and art be considered to ‘act’ within the public realm? These questions were taken as points of departure for an advanced research seminar in architectural theory taught at Louisiana State University in the fall of 2020. The course explored the role that architectural spaces and practices play in different forms and modes of political protest action, not only in light of the Black Lives Matter protests that year, but also the global urban protest movements, uprisings and events of the last decades across the spectrum of concerns from human rights to climate change. In this paper I discuss how the seminar sought to examine protest action within the ‘architectural’ perspectives of space, place, inhabitation and making, as well as the capacity of architecture and art practices to ‘act’ in the mode of protest within the political perspectives of agency, speech, the common and appearance. The seminar took as a primary framework the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt, and the intrinsic relation she posits between the places of the fabricated, common world and the very possibility of political action. I then consider how place comes to be at stake in architecture as a mode of protest in students’ research on a wide range of topics, issues, events and practices. I conclude by reflecting on how such an architecture of protest would comprehend a radical place-making, acting to help establish the conditions for political action, and to nurture, support and sustain them so that protest actors may enact and embody claims for justice in their own acting and speaking.
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Hornung, Severin, e Thomas Höge. "Exploring Mind and Soul of Social Character: Dialectic Psychodynamics of Economism and Humanism in Society, Organizations, and Individuals". In 7th International Conference on Spirituality and Psychology. Tomorrow People Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/icsp.2022.003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Building on and extending previous theorizing, this contribution draws on the critique of neoliberal ideology in conjunction with radical humanism to deconstruct the ambivalent normative foundations of applied psychology and related fields of social science. Presented is a systemically embedded and integrated dialectic and dynamic model of ideological undercurrents shaping the political-economic, social-institutional, and psychodynamic structures of society, organizations, and individuals. Integrating dialectic antipodes of genuine ideas versus interest-guided ideology with social character theory, neoliberal economistic doctrines and antithetical humanist philosophical concepts are contrasted as opposing political, social, and psychological or “fantasmatic” logics. Based on psychoanalytic theory, neoliberal fantasies of success, superiority, and submission are derived from these and positioned against humanist consciousness of evolution, equality, and empowerment. This normative fabric of advanced capitalist societies is interpreted with reference to the conference theme as the mind and soul of social character. Economistic psychodynamics are linked to social alienation, humanist antipodes to psychological fulfilment. Personal meaning is introduced as a meta-dimension of existential alienation, respectively, wellbeing. Stressing the fundamental unity of insights regarding external and internal realities, complementarity of denaturalization and critique of societal ideologies with critical self-reflection and personal development is recommended. In this sense, the presented analysis aspires to contribute to clearing the mind and strengthening the soul by cultivating radical humanist philosophy versus neoliberal economistic rationality. KEYWORDS: Neoliberal ideology, radical humanism, dialectic analysis, psychodynamics, social critique, ethical issues
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Clark, Adam, Matt Stinson e Jingdou Wang. "System Engineering Approach to NVH Attribute Management for Transport Refrigeration". In Noise and Vibration Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The transport refrigeration market is in a transformation like what automotive experienced over the last 20 years using a systems engineering approach complemented with complex attribute optimization to manage product development. With a heavy push for electrification due to government regulations, sustainability initiatives, and designing the products to align with the OEMs electrified platforms Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) must be considered. Understanding the above along with refined customer expectations the NVH attribute has become even more critical to product quality. This paper showcases the acoustic design of an electrified system using a system engineering approach to achieve unit level targets deploying a system engineering V-model philosophy. Unit level requirements were set and flowed down to component level requirements. A 1D acoustic tool was developed leveraging classic physical acoustics theory and legacy product knowledge to target set what was possible for various architecture possibilities and rapidly iterate on design choice implications and complete attribute trade off analysis. Component and unit level testing was utilized to refine model parameters and develop a continuous surface to interpolate and extrapolate system performance. Model verification and validation will be discussed along with final unit qualification to meet requirements. Further work on unit noise optimization using the system model will be covered along with future work for model refinement.</div></div>
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "PHILOSOPHY / Movements / Critical Theory"
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Carty, Anthony, e Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.