Tesi sul tema "Philosophie des sciences humaines et sociales"
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Díez, García Diego. "La philosophie morale face au développement des sciences humaines et sociales". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040069.
Testo completoThe internal development of the man's sciences poses ethic problems there where the positive-scientific methodology can but find epistemological questions. The sciences character of representing objects, the "phenomenal-technical" methodology and the use of mathematics become domains of ideological infiltration into the man's sciences. The interpretation of results leads them to the field of ethics and politics, even if these results are obtained with a method which is "neuter" at beginning. Therefore the developing of new methodological techniques exacts the deepening of critical views from the researcher; in the same way, the justification of the existence of these sciences should be based upon the choice of maintaining the validity of the values giving meaning to the previous concepts that are the subject matter of a methodological elaboration to become scientific
Prince, Myra. "Architecture et connaissances : cartographie raisonnée des concepts et références : des sciences humaines et sociales à la philosophie : France 1968-2000". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010589.
Testo completoFourton, Michèle. "Représentation sexuée des activités humaines : les apports de la philosophie et des sciences humaines aux problèmes éthiques posés par l'orientation des filles". Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30071.
Testo completoThis research work is generated by a twofold experience : + advising girl ;, so as to promote women, and + the diversification of choices ; faced with the pounderousness of social representations. This work discloses the difficulties in the experience (by forgetting some stakes) and the desire to analyse the sources of those difficulties. Without making pretence of giving new methods or techniques, this work as concern to think about what has been done so far in this field. After the presentation of two problems (the woman issue and + advising ;, in the broad sense) come two hypotheses : the ambiguity of career adviser's job linked to the various conceptual fields used ; and the fact that women background cannot be reduced to any kind of speech
Le, Du Michel. "La nature sociale de l'esprit : Wittgenstein, la psychologie et les sciences humaines /". Paris : J. Vrin, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39958618v.
Testo completoRenaudo, Gérard. "Des sciences pour nous comprendre : vérité et réalisme dans les pratiques de sciences humaines". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927762.
Testo completoMesure, Sylvie. "Dilthey et la fondation des sciences historiques". Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040012.
Testo completoIn introduction to the human studies (1883), Dilthey has tried by a "critique of historical reason", to found the autonomy of the study of historical and social reality. Against the positivist epistemology of Comte and Mill, he insists on the impossibility of conceiving human studies on the model of the natural sciences: the work of a historian, far from being a simple reproduction of the past, is rather a selective reconstruction of it, organized by reference to a viewpoint and a system of values. Nevertheless, this insistence on the role played by the subject in the cognitive process should not bring those sciences to renounce any possible access to objectivity. Dilthey's main effort including in the construction of the historical world in the human studies- (1911) - will be directed at avoiding replacing a naive realism for a perilous relativism. Starting from such a project, the position reached by Dilthey opens to the human sciences a way along which, if the deadlock of psychologism and historicism can be avoided, the deepenst antinomies could be reconciled
Darwish, Housamedden. "La problématique de la méthode dans l'herméneutique de Paul Ricoeur et sa relation avec les sciences humaines et sociales : vers une extension de l'herméneutique ricoeurienne". Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30009.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the problem of method in hermeneutics of Paul Ricœur and its close relationship with the human and social sciences. The problem of method is discussed in Ricœur’s hermeneutics of symbols and signs and his hermeneutics of text and of action. The thesis analyses Ricœur’s dialectics between explanatory method and comprehensive method, the hermeneutics of suspicion and the hermeneutics of faith, archaeology and teleology, and particularly between understanding and explanation. This dialectic was established by Ricœur in his work on the different theories of symbol, text, metaphor, action and history. While discussing the relationship between understanding, explanation and interpretation, the thesis proposes a hermeneutics of oral discourse in general and of dialogue in particular. The hermeneutics proposed in this thesis go beyond Ricœur’s hermeneutics which explicitly excludes spoken discourse. However, it is also considered as an extension of the hermeneutics of Ricœur since it is based on Ricœur’s paradigm of text and translation. Thus, in addition to Ricœur’s hermeneutic paradigm of symbol and of text, this thesis suggests that Ricœur’s paradigm of translation is the main paradigm of the proposed hermeneutics of oral discourse and can be considered as the third paradigm of Ricœur’s hermeneutics
Carré, Louis. "Les institutions de la reconnaissance: entre théorie critique de la reconnaissance et philosophie hégélienne du droit". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209964.
Testo completo
Dans une première partie, nous exposons les grandes lignes de la théorie de la reconnaissance de Honneth. Nous y développons successivement sa « morale de la reconnaissance », la conception normative de la justice sociale qui en découle, ainsi que la manière dont Honneth appréhende l'articulation entre reconnaissance et institutions. Nous nous intéressons ensuite, dans une deuxième partie, à l'institutionnalisme éthique de Hegel dans sa Philosophie du droit. Partant d'une lecture non-métaphysique de l'œuvre berlinoise, nous défendons la thèse interprétative d'un « institutionnalisme faible » chez Hegel par opposition à un « institutionnalisme fort ». Cet « institutionnalisme faible » stipule que les principales institutions du monde éthique moderne doivent pouvoir permettre à l'ensemble des agents individuels qui les composent d'atteindre, à travers leur participation à une série de relations intersubjectives fondées sur la réciprocité de leurs droits et de leurs obligations, des formes croissantes d'autonomie rationnelle (autonomie affective dans la famille, autonomie socioprofessionnelle et juridique dans la société civile, autonomie civile et politique au sein de l'Etat constitutionnel).
Au final, il ressort de la confrontation entre théorie de la reconnaissance et institutionnalisme hégélien dans sa version « faible » que, contrairement au reproche de « surinstitutionnalisation » adressé par Honneth, la philosophie hégélienne du droit se montre toujours d'actualité s'agissant 1) de penser conjointement les deux dimensions éthiques du système objectif des institutions et des relations intersubjectives de reconnaissance, 2) de définir une série de critères normatifs concernant une « bonne » forme de vie dans les institutions, voire même 3), malgré le caractère parfois historiquement daté de son analyse institutionnelle, de poser à terme un diagnostic critique sur l'évolution « pathologique » des sociétés modernes.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Jacquet, Audrey. "L'autorité parentale étudiée du point de vue des sciences humaines". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20055.
Testo completoThe idea of parental authority may appear in the law but the law tells very little when it comes to its process. This study is trying to distinguish authority from power, as legitimacy from lawfulness, but also to suggest an explanation of the notion through axiology. This research intends to understand authority differently than a sole relation to others, and harvests both the ethical and moral fields however not through otherness. Furthermore, the way we consider childhood and understand parenthood nowadays does not fall far from considering authority itself. Thus, it seems of primordial importance to be able to determine the child's capacities as much as his or her parents's responsibility in order to carry out a proper research on the authority process throughout the child's upbringing. Just like restraint lies in everyone, we consider this process comes from self-control (no pathology included), which falls within human specificities. The last part of this work will focus on understanding how the child can be helped to carry out this authority and why it appears necessary to his or her development, particularly if we take into account the moral liberty this process seems to enable us with
Michez, Jean-Claude. "Vers une convivialité mondiale en philosophie politique contemporaine". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210573.
Testo completoL’occasion de cette thèse fut à la fois le déclenchement de la première bombe nucléaire à Hiroshima en 1945 et le développement de nouveaux moyens de télécommunications qui révolutionnèrent les domaines informatiques au début des années cinquante. Pour mémoire, les frères Gutenberg, au milieu du XVème siècle, avaient mis au point un procédé typographique qui utilisait les caractères mobiles découvert en Chine au XIème siècle. L’imprimerie, puis l’édition, puis la presse écrite aboutirent finalement à l’avènement des médias de masse contemporains. Convaincus des conséquences fondamentales des débuts de l’informatique de masse sur l’évolution de la géo-sociologie, nous avons commencé dans notre travail, par la recherche d’un modèle sociologique pouvant représenter l’ensemble des habitants de notre planète. Norbert Elias nous apporta le résultat de son étude sur la monopolisation progressive dans des sociétés, dans son livre la « Dynamique de l’Occident ». S. Huntington, de son coté, développa dans « Le choc des civilisations », la réalité sociologique des huit principales civilisations actuellement en développement. A l’occasion de voyages dans des pays appartenant à ces différentes civilisations, nous avons entrepris de construire (p.p. 48bis et 52bis) une trame sociologique mondiale de départ, c’est-à- dire avant l’arrivée d’Internet. L’approche des paradigmes de Kuhn (p. 57), nous donna un support pour expliquer comment l’arrivée d’Internet dans le monde pouvait provoquer un changement, probablement irréversible, de paradigme sociologique.
La « fusion » des 6 niveaux d’Elias et des 8 civilisations de Huntington, provoquée, de proche en proche, par l’arrivée d’Internet, nous a conduit à définir un concept de convivialité (p. 62). Un tel concept existait déjà, à l’initiative de Brillat-Savarin au XIXème siècle, au niveau d’un groupe d’amis réunis en vue de faire bonne chère et de passer un moment agréable. Ivan Illich d’autre part (voir annexe 1), penseur de l écologie politique (1926-2002), donna un sens tout différent à son concept de convivialité. Nous avons entrepris quant à nous de définir et caractériser un concept adaptable aux quelques 48 domaines similaires mais distinct d’une recherche étendue à l’ensemble de la planète. Pour rappel, la « philia » d’Aristote ne dépassait pas le niveau sociologique de la cité-Etat, et renvoyait le reste du monde connu vers l’appellation de « barbaroi ».
Après le moment de convivialité décrit par Aristote dans « L’étique à Nicomaque », le monde retomba pendant plus de 2.000 ans dans le règne des autocrates et il fallut de timides débuts de démocratie en Angleterre, puis aux Etats-Unis et en France en 1789, pour constater un changement durable. Depuis une trentaine d’années par contre un grand nombre d’Etats-nations ont successivement évolué et basculé vers des régimes démocratiques :d’abord dans l’Europe du sud, puis dans les quelques pays de l’Asie du Sud Est. L’implosion de l’URSS en 1989 provoqua la création de démocraties beaucoup plus proches des modèles d’Europe occidentale que les pseudo-démocraties populaires de l’ex-bloc soviétique. Simultanément, la plupart des Etats-nations d’Amériques du Sud et du Centre connurent des transformations pacifiques profondes et évoluèrent vers des structures démocratiques. Aujourd’hui, la majorité des Etats-nations parmi les 190 que compte l’ONU, sont devenues des démocraties, au moins en cours de devenir.
Par ailleurs, au-delà du niveau des Etats-nations se développèrent des Rgionalismes Politiques (R.P.), constitués par le rapprochement d’un certain nombre d’Etats, y compris, depuis quelques décennies, les R.P. de l’Inde, de la Chine et de l’Union Européenne qui regroupe actuellement 27 pays. D’autres R.P. tels que l’ASEAN en Asie du Sud-Est ou le MERCOSUR en Amérique Latine prirent corps de façon progressive. On peut constater ces développements suivant des étapes qui commencent en général par des ententes sécuritaires modestes, suivies d’échanges commerciaux croissants, puis des accords financiers et douaniers. Tous ces développements correspondent à des degrés de convivialité croissants et progressifs ;la véritable interconnexion mondiale et instantanée qui est ainsi en voie d’établissement et qui s’étend à tous les domaines de l’économie, est encore rendue plus complexe par l’entrée en jeu de multiples sociétés transnationales cherchant à chevaucher et ignorer les Etats. Ce nouveau tissu de sociétés multinationales ou transnationales spécialisées et efficaces profite pleinement des techniques mondiales d’informatique. Sur le plan des relations politiques, les relations intra-régionales et inter-régionales ont incorporé les spécificités propres aux différentes cultures, provoquant un brassage exponentiel, quoique difficile à suivre tant son ampleur et sa variété sont grandes.
Nous avons tenté de résumé le degré de convivialité, suivants les domaines, à l’échelle globale de notre planète devenue aujourd’hui rétrécie et interconnectée. En fait, nous constatons que l’aspiration vers la paix, et la suppression des cas de non-convivialité dans tous les domaines est telle que la convergence des activités spécialisées, agit vite et un peu partout simultanément dans le monde. Nous avons examiné successivement quelques domaines spécialisés et avons abouti à la conclusion qu’il existe déjà aujourd’hui un grand nombre de consensus dans les sciences de la nature et les sciences humaines.
Tous les domaines sont-ils concernés ?Non, on peut constater par exemple que la convivialité inter-religions est toujours nulle, sinon conflictuelle en particulier lorsqu’il n’y a pas séparation bien définie et acceptée entre religion et politique, comme c’est le cas pour l’Islam. Les religions d’Asie, souvent plus anciennes que celles du Moyen-Orient et de l’Europe, semblent plus accoutumées à la convivialité par respect mutuel.
Nous avons esquissé d’autre part l’évolution contemporaine en philosophie où les positions radicales du XIXème siècle nous apparaissent évoluer vers « La Nouvelle Alliance », titre du dernier ouvrage de I. Prigogine. Celui-ci, en phase avec les nombreuses interrogations nées d’un relativisme généralisé et plein de nouvelles inconnues, oriente nos recherches sans a priori et dans le méthode pragmatique des essais-erreurs, qu’aborde de son coté H. Putman en philosophie.
Dans le domaine de la philosophie politique enfin, un renouvellement d’intérêts provoqué par les nouveaux dangers de destruction de la planète par les hommes, stimule les efforts de convivialité et la recherche de nouveaux objectifs d’écologie et de progrès raisonnables, bien éloignés des traditions classiques de recherche de pouvoir à tout prix.
Notre antithèse a cherché où il est devenu nécessaire de temporiser et réglementer nos volontés trop excessives. Notre conclusion enfin veut souligner que nous sommes parvenus aujourd’hui à nous consacrer à un plein travail de recherche dans tous les domaines et qu’il n’est pas temps de conclure mais au contraire d’avancer vers l’accomplissement d’un monde plus humain, plus juste et plus convivial.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Escudie, Marie-Pierre. "Gaston Berger, les sciences humaines et les sciences de l’ingénieur : Un projet de réforme de la société". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20094.
Testo completoThe present thesis explores the thought and action of Gaston Berger and especially his “philosophy in action” in a project to reform society. In a reconstructive process of his work, we question the author’s view of the relationship between philosophy and politics, which mobilization is seen as a response to the spiritual and moral crisis in Europe in the 20th century. Inspired by phenomenology, Berger claims the necessity of metaphysics as the only way to think the social world as it appears. He builds this research on the idea of intentionality and prospective anthropology, sources of knowledge about the human mind, which allows him to think the figure of the "philosopher in action" with a decisive role in the social and political reforms. The proposed reform of society, such as Berger implements through education, concerns at first the training of engineers. This is how a “politics of the spirit” is developed, which highlights the essential role of philosophy, human and social sciences in the intellectual and political renewal of the engineer’s function. They allow, according to Berger, to put science and technology back into culture and understand what makes the humanity of engineer’s practice and distinguishes it from a mere technical activity. In that respect, this thesis studies the creation of the INSA in Lyon in 1957 as the exemplary expression of this policy
Destain, Christian. "De la solitude des origines humaines à l'individualité autobiographique: Jean-Jacques Rousseau et la faillite de la démocratie". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212761.
Testo completoDuteille, Cécile. "Anthropologie phénoménologique des rencontres destinales". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009194.
Testo completo1.- Une enquête sur le sens sociologique fondamental de la rencontre (son rôle dans la constitution du lien social). La rencontre n'est pas qu'un fait "naturel" de la vie quotidienne, elle n'est pas non plus qu'un fait déterminé (par des conditions sociales et psychologiques). La rencontre a aussi une autre face : elle possède des potentialités de changement, de bouleversement qui interdisent de la traiter uniquement comme un fait anodin ou « simple ». Il faut aussi considérer la rencontre au sens fort du terme et tenir compte de cet aspect dans l'analyse de la vie sociale. Ainsi, à travers l'étude de rencontres dites « destinales » (coup de foudre, rencontre avec le divin, expérience esthétique, rencontres fatidiques, mauvaises rencontres...), on présente une typologie illustrée par des références aux œuvres culturelles (littérature, cinéma). La prise en compte de la dimension existentielle et fantasmatique de la rencontre nous fait voir que le social est un composé complexe de logiques et d'incertitudes, de déterminations et d'occasions, d'actions et d'imagination.
2.- Étant donnée la nature proprement transversale et interdisciplinaire de l'objet « rencontre », cette thèse invite aussi à une discussion sur l'épistémologie et la méthodologie des sciences humaines et sociales, notamment à travers une réflexion critique sur le réductionnisme naturaliste.
Houlstan-Hasaerts, Rafaella. "Le tournant esthétique de la participation urbaine à l'épreuve de la société civile: Une recherche en terrains bruxellois". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283956.
Testo completoThis thesis is about the connections between aesthetics and politics in urban participation and, more particularly, about the political promises of an urban participation that seemingly gives priority to expression, figuration, imagination and creation as well to the embodied, sensitive, attached, affective and emotional dimensions of our relations to the city. It would therefore seem that ‘aesthetic’ engagements and interests can promote empowerment and emancipation; democratic inclusion and the symmetrization of power; renewed ways of living together and creating collectively. Such promises are at the heart of what I propose to call an aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation, i.e. the passage from a deliberative conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “forum”, to an aesthetic conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “workshop”. And yet critical voices are already being raised. Some underline the risk of depoliticization that accompanies the aestheticization of urban participation and experience. Others, by contrast, emphasize the risk that aesthetics will be subordinated to democratic consensus and to ethics, at the expense of urban quality and of creative autonomy. Some highlight less the politico-aesthetic connection than external factors liable to jeopardize it. At issue, the usual suspects: the institutional framework and capitalism. The objective of this thesis is to take these critiques seriously without losing sight of the political demands of a participation in which the qualitative part of our urban experience would find a place. The proposal made here to achieve this objective is to decentre the gaze by not taking a direct interest in institutional mechanisms of participation. My first hypothesis, of a rather factual nature, posits that the political promises of the aesthetic turn of urban participation exceed its institutional facet, that they find their source in, among other things, mobilizations and initiatives taken by citizens, activists, engaged creators who, since the urban struggles of the 1960s, have marked the history of urban production. This hypothesis has “genealogical” implications, insofar as it encourages a rereading of the history of urban institutional participation not only in the context of its “aestheticization” but also by highlighting the at times direct relations between this aestheticization and participatory dynamics emanating from social movements and the counterculture. The second hypothesis is of a rather normative nature and has both evaluative and prospective implications. It posits that it is within the mobilizations and initiatives of civil society that the promises which also come with the aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation were best embodied, and that these provide levers of resistance against the critiques of which it is the target. Lastly, placed back to back, the two hypotheses invite us to question the extent to which the institutions have welcomed these attempts. Measuring the distances between these moments of live politics and their potential percolations to ulterior participatory dynamics makes it possible to understand how we inherited these mobilizations and initiatives from civil society and, possibly, how we could better inherit them.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
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D'Hoop, Ariane. "Modest attachments: An inquiry into the potentialities of material spaces in a psychiatric day care centre". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/268100.
Testo completoInstitutional care buildings have been largely transformed as the psychiatric field has undergone significant changes over the last fifty years. Instead of the disciplining spaces of hospitals, teams of caregivers now work in smaller centres located in the community. This thesis brings the reader into one of these places, a psychiatric day care centre for teenagers in Brussels. It dives into the details of its everyday material arrangements, and asks, How do material spaces work in the everyday practice of a psychiatric centre? How do they contribute to institutional care? What are their potentialities, with their tensions, successes, and failures? Presented over seven chapters, the dissertation describes how these spaces help make modest attachments emerge. ‘Modest attachments’ proliferate as caregivers attempt to spark even the smallest appreciations by mediation of the material environment. Material spaces play active roles in enacting various ways of becoming attached, from small affinities in the everyday flow, towards appreciations that become of great concern. The narrative follows three conceptual threads, each accentuating a dimension of the inquiry. The first thread of the thesis is an ethnography of institutional care, shaped by the notion of therapeutic communities. This community work with patients is given less importance in today’s psychiatric field. Yet, such a care work creates possibilities for patients – especially for those most reluctant to being cared for: it invites them to respond with their specific affinities and disinterests, rather than being understood through the deficiencies of a disease. The thesis develops an approach towards the potentialities of material spaces. This approach pays ethnographic attention to the possibilities that material spaces unleash in interactions with those giving and receiving care. It therefore develops a material-semiotic sensibility regarding the materiality of a place, looking at how ideas take shape in and with the material arrangements of the space involved in the ongoing care practice.The third thread elaborates the concept of ‘attachments’, a term that designates the co-creation of affinities, things, bodily engagements, and collectives, that develop when a person or a group comes to strongly like something. In the day centre, attachments are often modest appreciations, of quiet intensity, diffuse and dilute in informal moments and daily activities: a seat that become familiar, a displayed drawing that draws a lingering gaze, or a videogame that spark a momentary shared interest. The thesis witnesses the potentialities of material spaces for awakening and strengthening such modest attachments and shows how these significantly contribute to the care work.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
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Dubreuil, Benoît. "Des hiérarchies de dominance au gourvernement des hommes: considérations naturalistes sur l'origine de l'Etat". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210708.
Testo completo1) pourquoi des hommes, capables de culture, ont vécu pendant des centaines de milliers d'années dans des petits groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs nomades et égalitaires
2) pourquoi l'apparition de sociétés de grande taille au cours du Néolithique s'est systématiquement accompagnée d'une différenciation sociale accrue, de l'apparition de hiérarchies de statuts et, éventuellement, de la centralisation du pouvoir politique.
La réponse proposée est que la taille des sociétés humaines est sensible à un effet de plafonnement. Ceci s'explique par le caractère conditionnel de la coopération humaine et par la mémoire limitée des humains en contexte social. Ce plafonnement de la taille des groupes ne peut être surmonté que si les humains créent des institutions qui permettent une division sociale du travail de sanction, ce qui à son tour dépend de l'émergence chez l'homme d'un langage et d'une théorie de l'esprit complexes. L'argument proposé est de type fonctionnaliste et vise à appuyer les théories en sciences sociales qui s'intéressent à l'évolution de la culture et des formes politiques.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie
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Debaene, Vincent. "Les Deux Livres de l'ethnographe : l'éthnologie française au XXe siècle: entre science et littérature". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040209.
Testo completoThis study reviews the history of the relationship between literature and the social sciences in France during the 20th century from the vantage point of a particular discipline, ethnology. It is a striking fact that several members of the first generation of ethnographers published two books, one “literary”, one “scientific”. The most famous cases are those of Michel Leiris, author of L’Afrique fantôme (1934) and of La Langue secrète des Dogons de Sanga (1938), and Claude Lévi-Strauss, who wrote both La Vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara (1948) and Tristes tropiques (1955). There is further proof of this inter-disciplinary confrontation between science and literature in the work of Alfred Métraux, Marcel Griaule, and Jacques Soustelle, among others. The first part of this study considers the foundation of the ethnology; a second part locates the discipline in the context of travel-writing in the twentieth century. The central part of the thesis is then devoted to an historical and epistemological investigation which interprets the emergence of the social sciences in terms of a final prolongation of the crisis of “Belles-Lettres”, the crisis which began at the turn of the nineteenth century (during the years in which the opposition between science and literature began to crystallise). What is at stake here is a complex process whereby "the artist was dispossesed by the scientist" (Lanson), whereby the social sciences came to adapt the knowledge of man hitherto reserved to literature and so dissolve the ties between literature and anthropology that had formerly been sustained by rhetoric. A fourth and final part of the thesis qualifies this pessimistic assessment by analysing in more detail the modes of articulation that, in practice, may relate literary writing and scientific speech
Berns, Thomas. "Violence de la loi à la Renaissance: l'originalité du politique chez Machiavel et Montaigne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212106.
Testo completoCharmelot, Dominique R. "L'espace du sens chez Hannah Arendt: essai sur le sens comme lié et débordant". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212665.
Testo completoGeragotis, Stratos. "Le rôle de la justice politique dans la formation de la République selon Aristote". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212515.
Testo completoGouz, Simon. "Biographie d'une vision du monde : les relations entre science, philosophie et politique dans la conception marxiste de J.B.S. Haldane". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530696.
Testo completoGuillet, Ariel. "Au-delà du « primitivisme » : la diversité des économies de Karl Bücher à Karl Polanyi". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCC007.
Testo completoIf we accept that the economy as we know it - whether we call it capitalism or a market system - has characteristics that are absolutely unique to it, and must therefore be analysed according to categories that apply only to it, then a question arises that is central to the study of forms that differ from it: that of constructing original concepts capable of accounting for non-market or non-capitalist economies in all their diversity. The aim of this work is to study the history of this problem, in its most radical form, through the human and social sciences. To do so, we focus not only on the way it was elaborated in Germany at the end of the 19th century, in the work of Karl Bücher, but also on the various reformulations to which it was subjected by three distinct authors: Max Weber, Bronisław Malinowski and Karl Polanyi. We therefore examine the series of transformations that this fundamental question undergoes, depending on the general historical context, the relationships between disciplines and the epistemological framework within which it is approached. We show that, in each of these authors, this problem is reflected in the creation and use of original concepts - reciprocity, the oikos or redistribution - which allow us to consider the question of human subsistence in all its diversity
Hiamba, Ovungu Jean. "Structure et sens cosmopolitique du pouvoir dans la culture des Ankutsu-Membele: contribution au processus d'intégration et de démocratisation en Afrique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209753.
Testo completoEn effet, les rébellions, les guerres ethniques ou tribales, les rivalités et les dissensions inter groupales continuent à affecter la vie politique, économique et sociale de ce pays depuis la période précoloniale en passant par la période coloniale et postcoloniale. Cette préoccupation majeure suscite des interrogations fondamentales :de quelle manière peut-on aujourd’hui ériger un projet politique qui soit à mesure de redéfinir les finalités socio-politiques, cultuelles, et économiques globales qui accordent une meilleure écoute aux productions de sens qui émanent des valeurs théoriques de chaque groupe social, en sublimant ce qui rapproche et non ce qui divise ?Comment dépasser les clivages excluant issus des situations de crise (traite, colonisation, rébellions, guerres, dissensions) ?Comment mettre sur pied un espace commun qui serait le lieu d’échange libre où chacun exprimerait son opinion dans le respect et la dignité de l’autre ?
C’est à ces questions et à beaucoup d’autres encore que cette thèse tente de répondre. Il s’agit en fait, d’une étude à caractère paradigmatique réalisée dans le groupe Ankutshu-Membele, à la lumière des approches occidentales du pouvoir et de la démocratie. Elle s’assigne comme objectif principal de problématiser la conception du pouvoir à travers la culture et les religions de ce peuple, en vue de tenter d’établir les conditions de possibilités d’intégration de cette société traditionnelle vers une société moderne multiculturelle et démocratique.
Doctorat en Philosophie
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Desmet, Isabel. "Pour une approche terminologique des sciences sociales et humaines : les sciences sociales et humaines du travail en portugais et en français". Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131001.
Testo completoThis study comprises terminological and terminographic research into the field of human and social sciences. The starting point is that of work sociology, moving on to look at the other social and human disciplines, with work being the object of the study. This research has been carried out in a perspective of compared terminology that focuses on two latin languages: portuguese and franc. It is organised in two sections: a presentation of a terminological analysis model, and a reflection upon the theories and practices of linguistic studies on spacial languages. This work is subdivided into eight chapters. The first chapter is a reflection upon the genesis and status of terminology within language sciences, upon the existing terminological paradigm and upon the need for terminological studies based on a linguistic approach to texts and or specialised discourse in different languages. The second chapter is devoted to the approach to the field which is the object of this research-human and social work sciences-based on two simultaneous types of structuring : diachronic and multi-domain. The third chapter sets out the therorico-methodological orientations underlying this study and stresses the consideration of linguistic and discursive matters in terminologies, of the historicity of terms and notions, of the interdisciplinarianism and mobility of knowledge and social contexts within scientific production. The proposed mode of terminological analysis is the subject of reflection of the four following chapters. It is based on the "classic" levels of linguistic analysis, which are the morphological, semantic, syntactical and pragmatic levels
Galharret, Jean-Michel. "Statistique bayésienne appliquée en sciences humaines et sociales". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4062.
Testo completoThis work focuses on two issues: the first concerns mediation analysis and the second concerns dating in archaeology in the presence of outliers. Concerning the mediation analysis, I have developed a non-parametric approach to test the existence of direct effect in binary response causal mediation. Second, prior distributions are compared in Bayesian inference for causal mediation with binary response. Third, the B-priors are adapted to mediation models from psychological research and a moderation test based on the Bayes factor is proposed. Concerning dating in archaeology, a methodology is developed to estimate ages in the presence of outliers. This is based on an existing Bayesian model (Event Model) from which an outlier detection test is developed. This methodology is applied in the combination of measurements and in the estimation of an OSL age (Optically Stimulated Luminescence)
ROUZET, ALBAGLI NICOLE. "Anthropologie et sciences humaines. Contenus epistemiques et normes anthropologiques". Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20056.
Testo completoThe human constitution as it is outlined by the presentday anthropology through the study of psychoanalysis, linguistics and psychiatry brings out structural bars and chiasms that traditional wisdom (ancient egypte, greece, christ) helps rectify to their right structures in a therapeutic way. Proving how fecund and rigorous the traditional anthropology's operating concepts in the present-day human sciences are enables to fill the gap between esoterisms and contemporary knowledges by introducing information and methods of approach that human sciences already hint at. Is it possible to apply the third cartesian metaphysical meditation to the anthropological trajectory? when trying to do so, a deep link can be seen emerging between the contents of knowledge and the norms ruling the ways man understands and defines himself. What is at stake then is to bring the obscure spaces of anthropology into light, to account for these occult fields and to open anthropology on the man's evolution or anthropogenesis
Llored, Jean-Pierre. "Chimie, chimie quantique et concept d'émergence : étude d'une mise en relation". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00922954.
Testo completoAtucha, Iñigo. "Histoire d’un historien des philosophies médiévales : vie et oeuvre de François Picavet (1851-1921)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040108.
Testo completoThe intellectual biography of François Picavet (1851-1921) is an opportunity to explore the early days of the history of mediaeval philosophy as an institutionalised discipline in France from 1880 to 1920. A forgotten figure of the study of mediaeval philosophy, Picavet was a lecturer at EPHE (Religious Sciences department) from 1888 and director of studies from 1907, secretary of the Collège de France in 1904 and lecturer in the history of mediaeval philosophy at the Arts Faculty of the Sorbonne from 1906 onwards. Picavet’s academic career took place within a particular context in which the history of mediaeval philosophy came to be established in a structured and stable manner in French higher education. Like other institutionalised disciplines, the history of mediaeval philosophy benefited from the need for deep-seated reform of the university system, which was expressed in political and scientific circles from around 1860 and continued under the Third Republic, resulting in the emergence of new institutional structures in French higher education (the foundation of EPHE in 1868 and the creation of new courses at the Sorbonne, including a history of mediaeval philosophy course in 1906). Picavet’s original historiography confines the significance of mediaeval philosophical questions, which remain bound to the historical context in which they originated: thus, every philosophical system is the partial expression of a given civilisation, just like the scientific, artistic and craft related expressions which it produces and which characterise it
Fourquet-Courbet, Marie-Pierre. "LA COMMUNICATION MEDIATIQUE : INTERACTIONS HUMAINES ET SOCIALES MEDIATISEES". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619635.
Testo completoAkermann, Grégori. "L'entrepreneuriat en sciences humaines et sociales : sociologie d'un monde économique incertain". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20114.
Testo completoEntrepreneurship in social sciences is an object with blurred boundaries. One can group a number of economic activities known as sociological engineering, urban engineering, and for their members, consultant, public historian, ethnologist-consultant, professional sociologist... This thesis studies the process of economic activities in disciplines where it’s not usually expected: history, geography, sociology and ethnology. We analyze the evolution of the role of these economic activities according to historical contexts and the tensions which rise about them in the different disciplines. We also seek to identify structures and people in crossing various documentary sources (INSEE files, professional directories, online data research). Finally, using biographical interviews (62 to 50 cases of companies), we study the entrepreneurial process and their anchorages in entrepreneur life courses, social milieus, social networks and devices. Networks and devices appear to be the basis for entry into entrepreneurship, as means to access to various kinds of resources and as ways of coordination within economic markets. In an unstructured environment by professional institutions, personal relationships play a central role in the establishment of structures, in the activities and in the coordination between customers and entrepreneurs
Benetrix, Carine Beaune Jean-Claude. "Le double et le même selon le mythe, la science et la philosophie perspectives sur le clonage /". Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2003/benetrix_c.
Testo completoTaylan, Ferhat. "La rationalité mésologique : connaissance et gouvernement des milieux de vie (1750-1900)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30062.
Testo completoIn the recent years, environmental history has become a blooming field of study. It examines the historical formation of the categories through which the Relationship between Man and his environment is apprehended. Canguilhem and Foucault’s crucial contribution to this domain of knowledge has been totally neglected until now. Drawing on the conceptual and genealogical history these two authors have developed, this thesis attempts to bring to light how a domain of knowledge and practices aiming at governing Man through the planning of their surroundings, has emerged in the Western World during the XVIIIth and XIXthcenturies. Intrinsic to the development of a range of biological, geographical and sociological knowledge about Man and his milieu, an environmental biopolitics emerged, and from which we are not yet emancipated. While intergovernmental conferences on the “protection of environment” multiply, the study of such an environmental biopolitics could help change our perspective in the field of environmental politics (ecology) in order to raise the question of how environmental knowledge (savoirs environnementaux) came to develop within a political rationality that entails the governing of Man through his milieu
Jacot-Descombes, Marie-Thérèse. "Plaider en chien et loup: métamorphoses du sens, métabolisme des effets dans les pratiques de construction du savoir, en droit social". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211041.
Testo completoComment le juge reformule-t-il la règle, quels sont les moyens dont il dispose ou use pour ce faire, quelle est son implication dans cette érosion ?La recherche, soutenue par une réflexion à la fois juridique, politique et philosophique, analyse des décisions judiciaires, leurs commentaires, et des articles de doctrine, qui ont en commun de paraître consacrer cette érosion.
La première partie de ce travail porte sur l'éradication des inégalités entre travailleurs masculins et féminins par le recours à des discriminations positives, par le biais de ce que Dworkin appellerait un "hard case" :un arrêt de la Cour de Justice des Communautés Européennes du 17 octobre 1995, statuant quant à la conformité de la législation d'un état membre à la directive européenne du 9 février 1976 relative à la mise en œuvre de l'égalité de traitement entre hommes et femmes en ce qui concerne l'accès à l'emploi, à la formation et à la promotion professionnelles, et les conditions de travail. La haute juridiction y fait bifurquer l'idée en deux concepts, l'égalité des chances et l'égalité des résultats, les définit puis les oppose ;ensuite, elle disqualifie la législation de l'état membre, au motif que celle-ci favorise l'égalité de résultats et non la seule égalité des chances. L'analyse décrit cette construction par la Cour d'un savoir juridique de l'égalité ;elle s'inquiète de la conformité de ce savoir au droit communautaire, du bien-fondé d'une bifurcation entre chances et résultats, et de ses effets sur les inégalités entre hommes et femmes.
Sa deuxième partie porte sur la construction du savoir du droit social, en général. Elle en exhibe certains ingrédients et évalue leurs agencements :la manière dont sont traités les faits, les diverses sortes d'intérêts à l'origine de la production de jurisprudence, la maîtrise du langage et l'art de convoquer le droit, et le pouvoir du praticien d'affecter et d'être affecté par le droit et son milieu. Elle pointe deux grandes bifurcations :celle entre dire le droit et juger quant au fond ;et celle entre "juridiquement correct" et "juste". Elle observe à quelles conditions la jurisprudence devient source effective de droit et se divise en courants majoritaire et minoritaire. Elle distingue deux moments dans la pratique juridique, et deux modes d'existence du jugement. La construction de la motivation, ajustée à tel litige particulier, constitue le moment créatif, qui aboutit au jugement vivant, à l'usage des protagonistes. Ce même jugement, s'il est diffusé dans les médias juridiques, connaît une autre forme d'existence, au sein du corpus jurisprudentiel commun ;si les juristes sont libres de s'y référer ou de l'ignorer, il nourrira un nouveau moment créatif, à titre d'exemple de savoir-faire ;le moment dogmatique, lui, est celui où le système judiciaire se saisit des énoncés de tel jugement vivant pour les imposer, en tant que savoir a priori, lieux de passage obligés, mots d'ordre, limitant ainsi le champ de possibles ouvert à l'activité créatrice.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation philosophie
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Bigot, Jean-Édouard. "Instruments, pratiques et enjeux d’une recherche numériquement équipée en sciences humaines et sociales". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2426/document.
Testo completoGradually, digital technologies are becoming more important in research on sociocultural phenomena. Equipment projects are developing in all the social sciences and the humanities (SSH) and movements advocating an instrumental revolution are multiplying. This thesis proposes to question the advent of a digitally equipped research in the SSH on the basis of a general reflection on the links between science, technology and writing. What are the epistemological and political issues that underlie these digital instrumentation logics as they institute new writing techniques at the heart of research practices? The thesis is composed of three main parts. The first part questions the fundamental relationships between technical instruments and scientific knowledge. It is also about estimating the specificities of a communication approach to scientific instrumentation. The second part proposes a critical exploration of the discourses that accompany these transformations by focusing on projects from two major currents in the field of digitally equipped research in the SSH: the "digital humanities" and the "digital methods". What promises, what "imaginaires", what representations of science do these research practices renewal projects by digital technology contain? But also what "epistemological obstacles" do they encounter? Based on a theory of digital writing, and on a techno-semiotic analysis approach, the thir part questions the forms and powers of the digital instrumentation. On a morphological level, what do the design and implementation of such instruments consist of? On a political level, what are the normative effects of these "dispositifs" on the epistemology of the disciplines that seize them?
Gelin-Moujeard, Muriel. "Les relations entre entreprises et sciences humaines et sociales : des reseaux de competences". Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100132.
Testo completoThe problematic of this thesis is based on a paradox : the partnerships between the world of research and the world of enterprise can be analysed at once as an economic exchange, materialized into negotiation of contracts, and as an scientific exchange, seeing that researchs are valued by the scientific community in reference to a truth which is above the firm context. Is it yet possible to consider that the exchange's protagonists act in the same time in their private interests (money, recognition, credibility,. . . ), and in the science interest, according to a reality which is external for them (the scientific reality) ? considering the recent sociological theories of constructivism, i've formulated the hypothesis of a plural truth, in which economic rationality and scientific rationality coexist. But the transfers of objects (physicals or research objects) between groups which have different interests involve a lot of problems. To observe this transfers, we've choosen to realize two monographs. The first one describes a partnership which is aimed at conceiving a self-training software. At a union instigation, contracts of financing have been concluded with pirttem-cnrs and taskforce (eec). The second one describes the creation of the model + trees of knowledges ; (mission serres, 1991), and the product of the skills management's software which was formerly developped (gingo, trivium sa). Among the factors which have contributed to the formation and modification of the planningnetworks, the individual evaluation is the most determining point for the confidence relation between firms and research. From the evaluation's criterions, it's possible to distinguish the scientists from the other experts which are available on the market. Eventualy, i've shown that this relation can also go through the mediation of objects : softwares, books, reviews,. . . It's certainly the most frequent situation. In that case, a translating process allow the relation to be
Benetrix, Carine. "Le double et le même selon le mythe, la science et la philosophie : perspectives sur le clonage". Lyon 3, 2003. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2003_out_benetrix_c.pdf.
Testo completoThe cloning go today into the field of the philosophy because it interrogat like the life, the reproduction. . . Can't it conceive of the cloning become a directions for reproduction like an other? Is it about a technique of reproduction or a technique of manufacteure on sight of a genetic produce very definite?
Lang, Patrick. "La valeur : éthique, politique et sciences sociales". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010607.
Testo completoPeer-Brie, Jérôme. "Le problème des sciences humaines dans la philosophie herméneutique de Gadamer". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27668.
Testo completoLafontaine, Céline. "Cybernétique et sciences humaines : aux origines d'une représentation informationnelle du sujet". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ62093.pdf.
Testo completoLafontaine, Céline. "Cybernétique et sciences humaines : aux origines d'une représentation informationnelle du sujet". Thesis, Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010550.
Testo completoDermine, Elise. "Le droit au travail et les politiques d'activation des personnes sans emploi: Une étude critique de l'action du droit international des droits humains dans la recomposition des politiques sociales nationales". Doctoral thesis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239228.
Testo completoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Monjo, Roger. "Sciences de l'éducation et théorie de l'action éducative et pédagogique : Epistémologie et politique". Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30007.
Testo completoThe question of the status of the sciences of education is dealt with the notion of paradigm (t. Kuhn). We form the theory that the espistemology of the sciences of education is still nowadays imprisoned in a paradigm, the school paradigm, education itself being also + imprisoned in the school form ; (g. Vincent). Starting with a typology of the speeches about school, the school paradigm is considered from weber's analysis of the process of rationalization. But weber's and habermas's views suggest another interpretation of reason giving a new outlook on a theory of rationality, altogether single and plural, beyond the supremacy of instrumental reason. Another organization of the speeches about education is then outlined. It is established from the distinction habermas makes between the interests of knowledge and the principle of their respective subordinations: you can't explain without understanding ; you can't understand without judging. Elements of a theory of educative and pedagogic action are then developed according to an architectonic integrating in turn : in an analytic-phenomena logic stage, knowledge organized by technical interest (the actual sciences of education or + the sciences of the educative act itself ;) ; then, in a hermeneutic-dialectic stage, knowledge organized by practical interest (the official speech about school basing its legitimacy on the republican tradition whose interpretation has become conflictual); eventually, in a critical-utopian stage, knowledge organized by emancipatory interest (the pedagogical speech then resuming its traditional dimension of political speech)
Cacaly, Serge. "L'information scientifique dans les sciences humaines et sociales : apport des outils informatiques et technologies optiques". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077219.
Testo completoLaumond, Antoine. "Exploration, navigation et visualisation des réseaux multi-couches à travers les sciences humaines et sociales". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0076.
Testo completoNowadays networks are becoming more and more common subjects of study in many fields: from online social networks to criminal networks and linked collections of documents. Among these networks, a particular type of network, called "multi-layer networks", are composed of several sets of elements of distinct types ("the layers"). These objects are commonly encountered in the humanities and social sciences research fields but can be difficult to exploit because of their semantic complexity. To this end, we present M-QuBEEE, a method to explore multi-layer networks by successive and evolutive subnetwork extractions. Specifically adapted to the methodology of experts in the human and social sciences, M-QuBEEE determines the pertinence of each element of the network in order to propose a partial view relevant to the users. Users can then continue to interact iteratively on these sub-networks to improve their views or explore new directions
Van, Vliet Muriel. "Esthétique et anthropologie selon Ernst Cassirer : une introduction aux sciences humaines". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1PH01.
Testo completoThe fundamental concepts of Ernst Cassirer's anthropology, symbolic form and symbolic pregnancy, originate on the ground of the esthetics, heard with the restricted direction of the reflection on art and in the broad sense of the phenomenology of the sensitive perception. Reciprocally, the place and the function of this symbolic form which is the art are determined by the insertion of art within an anthropology, where they appeared by contrast to those occupied by the language, the mythical thought and science. Ernst Cassirer's philosophy of the culture is defined as a structural anthropology "before the letter", which draws its major inflections from the linguistic researches and in the heart of which the art occupies a decisive place. The fertility of this approach, with marked humanist accents, is measured with the ell of its repercussions in Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, Michel Foucault’s epistemological research and Claude Lévi-Strauss' anthropology
Gonthier, Frédéric. "L' esprit sociologique et son destin". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H047.
Testo completoThis is not an attempt to solve the inherent complexity of sociology which is a plurality of theoretical views on social phenomena. From an analysis of classical texts, the aim is to consider sociology as a fundamental element giving mankind the possibility to assimilate the meaning of its community and to organize itself in the world. The genesis of sociology is linked to modernity, which represents a symbolical and imaginary space characterized by the assumption of mankind to the origin of sense and, therefore, by a permanent division of society with itself. Against the principle of this division, the sociological tradition erects a principle of reconciliation. It sets itself up as allowing a social conscience that could completely be founded in the scientifical objectivity it defines. The knowledge of social phenomena is supposed for manking to master its own world of meaning. (. . . )
Goldstein, Marta. "Les échanges franco-américains en sciences humaines, économiques et sociales, de 1870 à 1932". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30106.
Testo completoWithin the context of the expansion of the United States as a world power, we study the extent to which their intellectualdevelopment is enhanced by bidirectional exchanges of students or transfers from French institutions to America. Amongthose, we take in in-depth look at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques in Paris. Having combed its archives, we could list theAmerican students there, from its founding to the end of our period of study in 1932. We point out the importance of somestudents and study the schools it gave birth to in America. We explain the transfer from the Musée Social or Paris to the U.S..We take into account the networking between French and American historians, geographers, economists, sociologists andother university scholars. We analyze exchange students, including those from programs created by James Hyde and AlbertKahn, with a particular emphasis on Harvard University. France is determined to attract foreign students at the expense ofGermany where the majority of the best American scholars were trained. Therefore, by way of an intellectual biography of JeanJules Jusserand, French ambassador to the U.S. for 22 years, we study the war of influence on American soil between Frenchand German intellectuals, before and during World War I
Brandmayr, Federico. "Les positionnements épistémologiques des experts en sciences humaines et sociales dans les procédures judiciaires". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL057.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to explore the situation in which social scientists testify as expert witnesses in courts of law. Drawing on a study of five trials that took place in different countries and involved various disciplines, it shows that a proper understanding of social scientists’ role in this context requires a careful examination of their epistemological positionings, i.e. how they relied on references, concepts, and arguments which are part of a set of recurring debates on fundamental issues in the social sciences. This thesis shows that how social scientists take a side on these debates in court chiefly depend on the social interest to which they swear allegiance. However, their deployment of epistemological representations also hinges on the type of implication of the expert, the legal norms that regulate their testimony, previous positionings and the discipline of the expert. Taking part to a research project on the sociology of epistemology, this thesis aims to contribute to a better understanding of the reasons that lead us to adopt certain assumptions in the comprehension of social life and the practical consequences they may have
Fourneret, Éric. "L'euthanasie à la croisée des sciences humaines et sociales : pourquoi fait-elle toujours débat ?" Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0012.
Testo completoLambert, Jacques. "Le chirurgien de papier : études d'histoire et de philosophie de l'hygiène". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010643.
Testo completoThe epistemological study (first part) is carried out to define different notions of hygiene and associated problems starting from an analysis of health administration indicators. The cultural and natural philosophical problems of hygiene are discussed. Two principal philosophical and historical traditions are in opposition. Medico-philosophical hygiene (2nd part), codified by Galen, is based on an "essentialist" concept of health and philosophy of nature, of carefulness practice, sobriety and equilibrium. Collective hygiene, (third part) on the contrary, the result of epidemies and the joint efforts of the police and medical profession, is based on the notion of the health of the population, and cultural philosophy, measurements of needs, protection and a social concept of risk. The tendancy is to put the accent on salubrity rather than health, with ecological repercussions nowadays, and on security, with immuno-genetic repercussions (going from prevention to prediction). What part (reduced but essential, an illusion but inevitable) remains for personal participation in public health (an idea that was unthinkable in itself), placed between the administration of both our human and planetary inheritance?