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1
Arfan, M., H. Amin, M. Karamać, A. Kosińska, W. Wiczkowski e R. Amarowicz. "Antioxidant activity of phenolic fractions of Mallotus philippinensis bark extract". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 2 (25 maggio 2009): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1056-cjfs.
Abstract (sommario):
Phenolic compounds were extracted from <I>Mallotus philippinensi</I> bark using methanol. Six fractions (I–VI) were separated from the extract on a Sephadex LH-20 column using ethanol and acetone-water as the mobile phases and were evaluated for their total antioxidant activity, antiradical activity against DPPH<sup>•</sup> (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical), and reducing power. The total phenolics and tannin contents in the fractions were determined. The content of total phenolics in the fractions ranged from 54 mg/g (fraction I) to 927 mg/g (fraction VI). Condensed tannins were detected in fractions II–VI. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) of phenolic fractions of <I>Mallotus philipinensis</I> bark extract ranged from 0.58 mmol Trolox/g (fraction I) to 6.82 mmol Trolox/g (fraction IV). Fraction IV also showed the strongest antiradical activity against DPPH<sup>•</sup> and reducing power. Several phenolic constituents in the fractions were detected by RP-HPLC using a gradient solvent system with UV-DAD detection.
2
Zhang, Xuan, Yijia Jia, Yanli Ma, Guiguang Cheng e Shengbao Cai. "Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Inhibition toward Digestive Enzymes with Molecular Docking Analysis of Different Fractions from Prinsepia utilis Royle Fruits". Molecules 23, n. 12 (19 dicembre 2018): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123373.
Abstract (sommario):
The present study investigated the phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of different fractions from Prinsepia utilis Royle fruits using molecular docking analysis to delineate their inhibition toward digestive enzymes. A total of 20 phenolics was identified and quantified. Rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were the major phenolic compounds in the total phenolic fraction and flavonoid-rich fraction. The anthocyanin-rich fraction mainly contained cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. All of the fractions exhibited strong radical scavenging activities and good inhibition on cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, as evaluated by DPPH and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Moreover, the powerful inhibitory effects of those fractions against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase were observed. The major phenolic compounds that were found in the three fractions also showed good digestive enzyme inhibitory activities in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis revealed the underlying inhibition mechanisms of those phenolic standards against digestive enzymes, and the theoretical analysis data were consistent with the experimental results.
3
Syukur, Mighfar, Masitoh Suryaning Prahasiwi, Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah, Sapto Yuliani, Yuliana Purwaningsih e Erwin Indriyanti. "Profiling of Active Compounds of Extract Ethanol, n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Fraction Ethanol of Star Anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) and Determination of Total Flavonoids, Total Phenolics and Their Potential as Antioxidants". Science and Technology Indonesia 8, n. 2 (15 aprile 2023): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2023.8.2.219-226.
Abstract (sommario):
Profiling of chemical compounds on star anise extract and fractions showed the content and looked for active compounds. The main compounds in alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and triterpenoid forms were identified based on phytochemical screening. FTIR and GC-MS analysis were used to purify the extract and fractions’ main compounds. After analyzing the main components of extract and fractions, a correlation was made between the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The total phenolic content was determined by adding folincalteau complexing solution converted to gallic acid equivalent (GAE), while the total flavonoid content was determined by AlCl3 complexing solution converted to Quercetin Equivalent (QE). The total phenolic yields for extract ethanol, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and fraction ethanol were obtained at 106.45, 52.30, 93.46, and 148.97 mgGAE/g, respectively. Then the total flavonoid results were 107.45, 58.94, 148.99, 140.01 mgQE/g. The total content of phenolics and flavonoids illustrated the number of active compounds that have a role as free radical scavengers due to their group. Antioxidant activity was tested with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) on extracts and fractions, with the best IC50 results obtained in the ethanol fraction 0.416 mg/mL.
4
Bajpai, Monika, Madhusudan S e Sibi G. "Standardized method to extract phenolic compounds from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Jarul) for enhanced antioxidant activity". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, n. 3 (15 settembre 2021): 1041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i3.2870.
Abstract (sommario):
Phenolic compounds contribute to the antioxidant property of plants and the efficient extraction of plant phenolics could enhance its antioxidant potential. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. has been investigated for its pharmacological activities, but comparing its antioxidant activities of phenolics derived from its various parts has a key role in developing natural antioxidants. This study was conducted to standardize the extraction of phenolics from leaves, pods and branches of L. speciosa plant, followed by determination of antioxidant activities of their solvent fractions. Phenolic compounds were extracted from the leaves, pods and branches under different parameters such as temperature, pH, type of solvent and volume of the solvent. The extracted phenolic compounds were subjected to solvent fractions and antioxidant assays were performed. Among the various extraction methods tested, the best method was 50% ethanol +1% HCl, refluxing temperature, 100 ml of solvent and 1 hour extraction time. The best solvent fractions were determined as NaHCO3 + ethyl acetate for pods and ethyl acetate alone for leaves and branches with extracted phenolics content of 150.2 mg/g, 136.2 mg/g and 82.9 mg/g, respectively. The chloroform fraction was best among the fractions with maximum ascorbic acid equivalent (ASE) in all the parts of L. speciosa tested. Ferrous ion chelating capacity indicated that butanol fraction had the highest chelation and the same was recorded in ferric ion chelating assay with an EC50 value of 28.2. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the fractions indicated that NaHCO3 + EtOAc fraction of pods had potential activity. Thus, the phenolic compounds from L. speciosa are excellent sources for future investigation on potent natural antioxidant compounds.
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Mai Phuong, Thuy, Hong Do Thi, Mai Le Thi Tuyet e Hoa Le Thi Phuong. "VIETNAMESE Phellinus baumii FRUITING BODY, A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY AGENTS". Journal of Science Natural Science 66, n. 3 (ottobre 2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0054.
Abstract (sommario):
n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions from methanol extract of Vietnamese Phellinus baumii fruiting body consisted of phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed a high level of total phenolics. Ethyl acetate fractions possessed the highest phenolic content (532.96 ± 19.95 mg GAE\g), accounting for approximately 53% fraction dry weight. Free radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging capacity of all fractions correlated with their total phenolic content. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest capacity with an IC50 value of 0.059 mg\mL, equivalent to nearly 50% of ascorbic acid’s capacity. Its ferric reducing power was off more than half of quercetin and acid ascorbic at the concentration of 0.2 mg\mL. Ethyl acetate also had remarkable α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50= 0.38 mg\mL). The results suggested P. baumii fruiting body as a potent source for antioxidative and α-amylase inhibitory compounds.
6
Lin, Xue, Yousheng Shi, Pan Wen, Xiaoping Hu e Lu Wang. "Free, Conjugated, and Bound Phenolics in Peel and Pulp from Four Wampee Varieties: Relationship between Phenolic Composition and Bio-Activities by Multivariate Analysis". Antioxidants 11, n. 9 (16 settembre 2022): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091831.
Abstract (sommario):
Free, conjugated, and bound phenolic fractions of peel and pulp in four wampee varieties from South China were analyzed for their contents, composition, antioxidant capacities, and inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. We found that there were significant differences in phenolic/flavonoid contents among diverse varieties and different parts (peel and pulp), and the contents were highest in the peel’s bound form. The results of UHPL-Q-Exactive HF-X and HPLC showed that chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, and rutin were abundantly distributed over the three phenolic fractions in peel and pulp of all wampee samples, while isoquercitrin was the most abundant in the conjugated form of peel/pulp and myricetin had the richest content in the free form of peel/pulp. Wampee peel had stronger antioxidant capacities of ABTS+, DPPH, ·OH, and FRAP than the pulp, and the bound phenolic fraction of the peel/pulp had much higher antioxidant activities than FP and CP fractions. It is interesting that the same phenolic fraction of the wampee peel displayed roughly close IC50 values of α-glucosidase inhibition to those from the pulp samples. The relationship between individual phenolic and TPC/TFC/the bio-activities and the similarity among the free, conjugated, and bound phenolic fractions in peel and pulp samples were explored by using Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive comparison of the three phenolic fractions of diverse wampee varieties and different parts, and a rationale for applying phenolics from wampee fruits.
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Hikmawanti, Ni Putu Ermi, Agustin Yumita, Muhammad Rafiq e Lusiana Lusiana. "Phenolics and Flavonoids Content of Wijaya Kusuma Leaves Fractions using Micro-plate Based Assay". Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 10, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v10i1.35828.
Abstract (sommario):
Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) or Wijaya Kusuma (Cactaceae) is an ornamental plant which is knownto contain polyphenol compounds. The purpose to determine the levels of total phenolic and flavonoidcompounds in the fractions of Wijaya Kusuma leaves using microplate-based assay. Each sample wasdetermined phenolic content with Folin-ciocalteu reagent and flavonoid content using AlCl3 on themicroplate. Absorption was measured using a microplate reader. Screening of DPPH radical scavengingactivity was identified using the TLC method. The results showed that the extract and fractions ofthe leaves of Wijaya Kusuma contained phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The ether fraction hadthe highest phenolic content (35,912±0,54776 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (0,773±0,008 mgQE/g)compared to other fractions (ether>water>ethyl acetate fraction). There is one yellow spot with an Rfvalue of 0,85 in the ether fraction which is thought to be a compound capable of scavenging the DPPHradicals. The ether fraction of Wijaya Kusuma leaves has potential as a source of polyphenols withantioxidant activity. However, further research is needed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity in theether fraction of Wijaya Kusuma leaves.Keywords: Antioxidant, Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw, Flavonoids, Fraction, High-throughputMicroplate Assay, Phenolics.
8
Kaboré, Kayaba, Crépin Ibingou Dibala, Hemayoro Sama, Mamounata Diao, Marius K. Somda e Mamoudou H. Dicko. "Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), a Food Plant from Burkina Faso". Biochemistry Research International 2024 (26 marzo 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1289859.
Abstract (sommario):
The study aimed to evaluate phenolic content and antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of the fractions of the hydroethanolic extract of Uvaria chamae leaves, a food plant from Burkina Faso. Thus, the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract after drying were used to determine phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential on strains of pathogenic bacteria responsible for food contamination. Phytochemical analyses were performed according to standardized methods, while antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP methods. The antibacterial activity of the fractions was determined by diffusion and microdilution methods on the agar medium with gentamicin as a reference antibiotic. All the six strains, namely, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, were sensitive to the fractions tested. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 37 µg·mL−1 to 1.67 mg·mL−1, respectively, gentamicin and butanolic fractions, while minimum bactericidal concentrations of the fractions ranged from 0.037 to 2.500 mg·mL−1 depending on the bacterial strain. Antioxidant activity varied significantly between fractions. For DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the butanol fraction was the most active, with an IC50 of 280 μg/mL, while the lowest activity (705 μg/mL) was recorded by the hexane fraction. Those of trolox and ascorbic acid used as standards were 80 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) ranged from 0.34 to 0.40 mmol EAA/g extract for the hexanic and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. Phenolic compound contents also varied significantly between fractions. Butanoic and ethyl acetate presented the best contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. Significant and positive correlations were also recorded between phenolics and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the active fractions would be related to their richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic, which are powerful natural antioxidants. U. chamae leaf extracts could therefore be used as dietary supplements to boost the immune system and prevent bacterial infections.
9
Menkovic, Nebojsa, Jelena Zivkovic, Katarina Savikin, Dejan Godjevac e Gordana Zdunic. "Phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity of wine produced from Serbian autochtonous grape variety Prokupac: A model approach". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 79, n. 1 (2014): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc130511089m.
Abstract (sommario):
Phenolic compounds are very important quality parameters of wine because of their impact on colour, taste and health properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the general phenolic composition and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous and organic fractions obtained using liquid/liquid extractions from red wine produced from Serbian autochtonous grape variety Prokupac. Total phenolic contents in different fractions ranged from 48.22 to 289.12 mg GAE/g dry fraction. Phenolic acids (mainly hydroxycinnamic acids) and quercetin-3-glucuronide were the main components of the EtOAc fraction at pH 2.0; catechins, phenolic acids (mainly hydroxybenzoic acids) and quercetin were found in the EtOAc fraction at pH 7.0, while anthocyanins were identified in the aqueous residue after EtOAc extraction. The major anthocyanin extracted into aqueous fraction was malvidin-3-glucoside, while the most abundant non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds from organic fractions were ethyl gallate and trans-caftaric acid. Radical scavenging activity differed significantly among fractions and IC50 values were 138.58 ?g/ml for water fraction, 17.83 and 3.47 ?g/ml for EtOAc fractions at pH 2.0 and pH 7.0, respectively. As the EtOAc fractions were found to be more potent radical scavengers, it could be assumed that non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds were responsible for such activity in Prokupac wine.
10
Zhou, Qingfeng, Jiexin Zhou, Xiaojing Liu, Yan-Bing Zhang e Shengbao Cai. "Digestive Enzyme Inhibition of Different Phenolic Fractions and Main Phenolic Compounds of Ultra-High-Pressure-Treated Palm Fruits: Interaction and Molecular Docking Analyses". Journal of Food Quality 2020 (3 agosto 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8811597.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of different phenolic extracts from non- and ultra-high-pressure- (UHP-) treated palm fruits and their main phenolic compounds against pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase and to further analyze the interaction and inhibitory mechanisms of two main phenolics (caffeic acid and catechin). Results showed that the free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions from the non- and UHP-treated fruits demonstrated good inhibitory effects towards two enzymes. The insoluble-bound phenolic fraction, regardless of UHP treatment, presented the strongest inhibitory capacities, and UHP treatment significantly upgraded the inhibitory effects of these phenolic fractions (lipase IC50 : 78.01 vs. 72.50 μg/mL; α-glucosidase IC50 : 76.42 vs. 64.51 μg/mL). Catechin and caffeic acid, main phenolic compounds detected in all phenolic fractions of the fruits, showed similar efficiencies on inhibiting the two enzymes, which were consistent with the findings observed by molecular docking analysis. Moreover, these two phenolic compounds exhibited a synergy effect on inhibiting pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase at a relatively high combination concentration with the ratio of 1 : 1. Therefore, the present work may be helpful for further application of palm fruits as food supplements or nutraceuticals to control energy intake to improving some chronic metabolic diseases.
11
Saleem, Asif, Umer Younas, Syed Majid Bukhari, Asma Zaidi, Sara Khan, Zohaib Saeed, Muhammad Pervaiz, Ghulam Muhammad e Sumaira Shaheen. "Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of different solvent fractions from Murraya koenigii shoots: HPLC quantification And molecular docking of identified phenolics with anti-apoptotic proteins". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 36, n. 3 (15 luglio 2022): 651–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.14.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT. Murraya koenigii is known for its health benefits against constipation, diarrhea, bacterial infections, wounds and skin related diseases. Aim of this project is to determine cytotoxic aptitude of antioxidant compounds present in M. koenigii. The fractionation of M. koenigii shoots methanol extract was carried out with different solvents followed by determination of total phenolic content, radical scavenging potential along with phenolic profile. M. koenigii shoot fractions were analyzed for their cytotoxic potential by MTT assay besides evaluating molecular interactions between identified phenolics with Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and MCL-1. The results revealed that butanol fraction contains maximum amount of quercetin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid and trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid. Ferulic acid is abundant in water fraction whereas n-hexane fractions contain sinapic and vanillic acids. The ethyl acetate fraction possess the highest level of phenolics as well as radical scavenging potential. HPLC results show that 9 organic acids are present in ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. The highest cytotoxic activity was exhibited by n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. Molecular docking studies supports that ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions are the major sources of antioxidant and cytotoxic compounds. Also, molecular interactions exist between identified phenolics from plant shoots fractions with anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and MCL-1.
KEY WORDS: Morraya koenigii, Fractionation, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Molecular docking
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(3), 651-666.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i3.14
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Mohammed, Muthanna J., Uttpal Anand, Ammar B. Altemimi, Vijay Tripathi, Yigong Guo e Anubhav Pratap-Singh. "Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Antibacterial Activity of White Wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba)". Plants 10, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010164.
Abstract (sommario):
Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (Wormwood) is a wild aromatic herb that is popular for its healing and medicinal effects and has been used in conventional as well as modern medicine. This research aimed at the extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of wormwood using Soxhlet extraction, as well as characterizing their antimicrobial and anitoxidant effects. The phenolic compounds were identified in different extracts by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography. Five different fractions, two from ethyl acetate extraction and three from ethanolic extraction were obtained and evaluated further. The antimicrobial activity of each fractions was evaluated against two Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris) using the disc-diffusion assay and direct TLC bioautography assay. Fraction I inhibited B. cereus and P. vulgaris, Fraction II inhibited B. cereus and E. coli, Fraction III inhibited all, except for P. vulgaris, while Fractions IV and V did not exhibit strong antimicrobial effects. Their antioxidant capabilities were also measured by calculating their ability to scavenge the free radical using DPPH method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ethanolic fractions III and V demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 values less than 15.0 μg/mL, while other fractions also had IC50 values less than 80.0 μg/mL. These antioxidant effects were highly associated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl group on the phenolics they contained. These extracts demonstrated antimicrobial effects, suggesting the different phenolic compounds in these extracts had specific inhibitory effects on the growth of each bacteria. The results of this study suggested that the A. herba-alba can be a source of phenolic compounds with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which can be used for potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Amarowicz, R., M. Karamać e S. Weidner. "Antioxidant activity of phenolic fraction of pea (Pisum sativum)". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 19, No. 4 (9 febbraio 2013): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6597-cjfs.
Abstract (sommario):
An extract of seeds of pea was prepared using 80% (v/v) acetone. Six fractions (I–VI) were separated from the crude extract on a Sephadex LH-20 column using methanol as the mobile phase. The antioxidant activity of fractions was investigated in a β-carotene-linoleate model system. For individual fractions, UV spectra were recorded and the content of total phenolics was determined. Results of the β-carotene-linoleate model system indicated that antioxidant activities of separated fractions correlated with their content of total phenolic compounds and they decreased in the order of IV = VI > V > III > I > II. The antioxidant activity of fractions IV and VI was very strong as compared with that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Absorption maxima from UV spectra showed that flavonoids, and not phenolic acids, were the main phenolic compounds in separated fractions.
14
Kurniawan, K., e A. Rahmat. "Determination of antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents from avocado seeds (Persea americana)". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1201, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1201/1/012098.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In this study, the antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids of avocado seed extract were determined. The evaluation was observed towards methanol and ethyl acetate fractions by using the spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity of the avocado seed extract was determined by calculating the 50% of inhibition concentration of free radical scavenging activity towards DPPH radicals. The results showed that the IC50 of methanol and ethyl acetate fractions were 66 mg/mL and 63 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content of the methanol fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction were almost similar at 48.6–48.7 mg/g dry weight of extract (gallic acid equivalent). Whereas the total flavonoid content of the methanol and ethyl acetate fractions was determined as 41.2–41.4 mg/g dry weight of the extract (quercetin equivalent). The phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in the fractions seemed to account for the antioxidant activity. Therefore, avocado seeds are a potential source of antioxidant compounds.
15
Zhu, Huilan, Sixin Liu, Linling Yao, Lu Wang e Congfa Li. "Free and Bound Phenolics of Buckwheat Varieties: HPLC Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Inhibitory Potency towards α-Glucosidase with Molecular Docking Analysis". Antioxidants 8, n. 12 (29 novembre 2019): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8120606.
Abstract (sommario):
Free and bound phenolic fractions from six buckwheat varieties were investigated for their compositions, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. The results showed that different buckwheat varieties have significant differences in phenolic/flavonoid contents, and these contents were found in higher quantities in free form than in bound form. HPLC results revealed that rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside were the most abundant components in free and bound forms, whereas dihydromyricetin was found only in the bound form. Free phenolics showed higher antioxidant activities of DPPH, ABTS+, OH•, and FRAP than those of bound phenolics. Strong inhibitory effects against α-glucosidase by the free/bound phenolic fractions were found in all buckwheat varieties, and free phenolics showed stronger α-glucosidase inhibition than that of the corresponding bound phenolics. More importantly, the main phenolic compounds observed in the buckwheat varieties were subjected to molecular docking analysis to provide insight into their interactions with α-glucosidase. The contributions by individual phenolics to the observed variation was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and principal component analysis. The present study provides a comprehensive comparison for the phenolic fractions of buckwheat varieties and identify the main contributors to antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
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Vilkickyte, Gabriele, Lina Raudone e Vilma Petrikaite. "Phenolic Fractions from Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities Assessment". Antioxidants 9, n. 12 (11 dicembre 2020): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121261.
Abstract (sommario):
Lingonberry leaves and fruits are associated with a range of potential bioactivities related to their phenolic content and composition, but the identification of major biological activity markers remains limited. The present study aimed at the isolation of lingonberry phenolic fractions and biological activity evaluation of them. Crude dry extracts of lingonberry leaves and fruits were fractionated by chromatography using Sephadex LH-20 and analyzed by validated HPLC-PDA method. For each fraction, the anticancer activity against human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CaKi-1), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and human malignant melanoma (IGR39) cell lines was determined using MTT assay, and the radical scavenging, reducing, and chelating activities were investigated using ABTS, FRAP, and FIC assays, respectively. Further, 28 phenolics were identified and quantified in the crude extract of lingonberry leaves and 37 in the extract of fruits. These compounds, during fractionation steps, were selectively eluted into active fractions, enriched with different groups of phenolics—monophenols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, catechins, flavonols, or proanthocyanidins. Fractions of lingonberry leaves and fruits, obtained by the last fractionation step, proved to be the most active against tested cancer cell lines and possessed the greatest antioxidant activity. In this perspective, the predominant compounds of these fractions—polymeric and mainly A-type dimeric proanthocyanidins—also quercetin can be considered to be anticancer and antioxidant activity markers of lingonberries.
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da Costa, Guilherme Augusto Ferreira, Melissa Grazielle Morais, Aline Aparecida Saldanha, Izabela Caputo Assis Silva, Álan Alex Aleixo, Jaqueline Maria Siqueira Ferreira, Adriana Cristina Soares, Joaquim Maurício Duarte-Almeida e Luciana Alves Rodrigues dos Santos Lima. "Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Leaves ofSolanum lycocarpumA. St. Hil. (Solanaceae)". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/315987.
Abstract (sommario):
Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from leaves ofSolanum lycocarpumwere examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds present in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly more pronounced for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions were more active against the tested bacteria. The hydroethanol fraction exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg in the later phase of inflammation. However, the antiedematogenic effect of the higher dose of the ethyl acetate fraction (150 mg/kg) was more pronounced. The ethyl acetate fraction also presented a less cytotoxic effect than the ethanol extract and other fractions. These activities found inS. lycocarpumleaves can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of phenolic constituents such as flavonoids. This work provided the knowledge of phenolic composition in the extract and fractions and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of leaves ofS. lycocarpum.
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Oyinloye, Oladapo Elijah, A. A. Murtala, F. A. Oladoja, O. L. Okunye, A. A. Aderinola e E. O. Kasumu. "Evaluation of phytochemical constituents, total phenolic contents and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mucuna pruriens fractions leaves". Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics 22, n. 1 (28 giugno 2023): 1017–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jopat.v22i1.2.
Abstract (sommario):
Mucuna pruriens is a tropical annual climbing legume plant used in traditional medicine systems to treat diabetes, arthritis, dysentery, hematinics, inflammation, and cardiovascular conditions. The present study investigates the phytochemical constituents, phenolic contents and in vitro, antioxidant potentials of M. pruriens leaf fractions using spectrophotometric methods. Phytochemical screening of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions of M. pruriens was determined using standard methods. The antioxidant activities of the fractions were assessed against total phenolic contents, total antioxidant contents, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay, and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity using standard protocols. Phytochemical screening showed that only the ethyl acetate fraction of M. pruriens leaves contain all the phytochemical constituents tested for, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenol. The activities of the fractions against total phenolic contents were high in ethyl acetate fraction (1.958±0.24 mg GAE/g), while chloroform fraction gave the lowest total phenolic contents (1.476±0.19 mg GAE/g). On the contrary, chloroform fraction showed more significant total antioxidant contents (2.078±0.80 mg ASCE/g). The methanol fraction demonstrated higher ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (4.866±1.19 mg ASCE/g). The methanol fraction scavenging activity against DPPH radical exhibited a lower IC50 value of 404.92 (μg/mL) relative to other fractions. It is concluded that ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of Mucuna pruriens leaves, which contain large amounts of phenolic compounds, exhibited high antioxidant activities. These in vitro assays indicated that Mucuna pruriens leaves fraction is a significant source of natural antioxidants, which might help prevent the progress of various oxidative stresses.
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Waszkowiak, Katarzyna, Beata Mikołajczak, Katarzyna Polanowska, Marek Wieruszewski, Przemysław Siejak, Wojciech Smułek e Maciej Jarzębski. "Protein Fractions from Flaxseed: The Effect of Subsequent Extractions on Composition and Antioxidant Capacity". Antioxidants 12, n. 3 (9 marzo 2023): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030675.
Abstract (sommario):
Flaxseed proteins exhibit functionalities interesting for the food industry, including antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activity depends on the protein composition and the presence of phenolic compounds extracted with them from the matrix. The research focused on the effect of subsequent protein extractions (water, salt and alkaline) of flaxseed meals (of three cultivars) on the protein fraction composition and its relations to antioxidant capacity. The protein and phenolic profiles and antioxidant functionalities (in antiradical ORAC and emulsion assays) were analysed. Spectroscopic characteristics of the fractions (fluorometric and FT-IR analysis) were also included. Our study has shown the effect of fractionation on the share of proteins at MW from 56–38 kDa (globulin-like) and <15 kDa (albumin-like) in the protein profiles. The highest globulin share was in the alkaline-extracted fractions (AEF) and albumin in the salt-extracted (SEF) ones. SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucosides) and phenolic acids (p-coumaric and ferulic) were extracted with flaxseed proteins. Their contents were fraction-dependent and the highest in AEF. The concentration of phenolics in AEF corresponded with the highest antiradical capacity (ORAC) compared with the other fractions. However, the SEF showed a higher ability to inhibit oxidation in emulsions than AEF, which could be associated with the higher content of the low MW proteins.
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Mecha, Elsa, Susana T. Leitão, Bruna Carbas, Ana T. Serra, Pedro M. Moreira, Maria Manuela Veloso, Ricardo Gomes et al. "Characterization of Soaking Process’ Impact in Common Beans Phenolic Composition: Contribute from the Unexplored Portuguese Germplasm". Foods 8, n. 8 (28 luglio 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080296.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite the common beans’ nutritional and phytochemical value, in Portugal its consumption decreased more than 50% in the last decade. The present study aimed to characterize phenolic composition of the Portuguese traditional varieties and corresponding soaked seed fractions (including soaking water). With such purpose, the phenolic composition (total content of soluble phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) and in vitro antioxidant activity were evaluated in the raw whole flour of 31 Portuguese common bean varieties. The phenolic composition of the soaked fractions was respectively compared to the raw flour. Phenolic compounds’ identification and relative quantification were achieved by UPLC-TripleTOF-MS for one representative variety and their fractions. The highest phenolic content was found in colored varieties and the brown market class highlighted as the richest one. The loss of phenolic compounds to the soaking water was highly dependent on variety. The predominant phenolic compounds’ classes were flavan-3-ols (soaking water and coats), flavonols (coats), and phenolic acids (cotyledons). This characterization study showed the diversity on the phenolic composition of Portuguese varieties and the need to adjust the soaking and peeling processes to the variety (considering the possible loss of potential health promoter compounds, e.g., phenolic compounds).
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Staszowska-Karkut, Monika, Barbara Chilczuk, Małgorzata Materska, Renata Kontek e Beata Marciniak. "Phenolic Compounds in Fractionated Blackcurrant Leaf Extracts in Relation to the Biological Activity of the Extracts". Molecules 28, n. 22 (7 novembre 2023): 7459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227459.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between antioxidant and anticancer properties of extracts from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves and their fractions and chemical contents. Dried ethanolic extract was divided into three fractions using solid phase extraction: aqueous (F1), 40% MeOH (F2), and 70% MeOH (F3). Both the extract and the fractions were analyzed in terms of antiradical activity (DPPH• and ABTS+•), total phenolic compounds, and total flavonoids. The antitumor potential of the fractions was evaluated in vitro on human colorectal (HCT 116) and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells. Phenolics were identified using HPLC-QTOF-MS, and twelve compounds were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Finally, principal component analysis was carried out to assess the relationship between the tested factors. The results confirmed that blackcurrant leaves are a rich source of phenolics with high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. It was demonstrated that the F2 fraction had the highest content of phenolics and the highest antiradical activity. Additionally, only this fraction showed cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cells. It was confirmed that both the blackcurrant leaf extract and its fractions are a promising source of condensed active compounds and can be used as natural functional food additives.
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Zehfus, Lily R., Zoe E. Gillespie, Carla Almendáriz-Palacios, Nicholas H. Low e Christopher H. Eskiw. "Haskap Berry Phenolic Subclasses Differentially Impact Cellular Stress Sensing in Primary and Immortalized Dermal Fibroblasts". Cells 10, n. 10 (3 ottobre 2021): 2643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10102643.
Abstract (sommario):
It is generally accepted that dietary phenolics from fruits are of significant importance to human health. Unfortunately, there is minimal published data on how differences in phenolic structure(s) impact biological pathways at cellular and molecular levels. We observed that haskap berry extracts isolated with ethanol:formic acid:water or phenolic subclass fractions separated using different concentrations of ethanol (40% and 100%) impacted cell growth in a positive manner. All fractions and extracts significantly increased population doubling times. All extracts and fractions reduced intracellular free radicals; however, there were differences in these effects, indicating different abilities to scavenge free radicals. The extracts and fractions also exhibited differing impacts on transcripts encoding the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD1, GPX1, GSS and HMOX1) and the phosphorylation state of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). We further observed that extracts and fractions containing different phenolic structures had divergent impacts on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIRT1 transcripts demonstrated that this enzyme is key to eliciting haskap phenolic(s) impact on cells. We postulate that phenolic synergism is of significant importance when evaluating their dietary impact.
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Senevirathne, Mahinda, Soo-Hyun Kim, Nalin Siriwardhana, Jin-Hwan Ha, Ki-Wan Lee e You-Jin Jeon. "Antioxidant Potential of Ecklonia cavaon Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, Metal Chelating, Reducing Power and Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition". Food Science and Technology International 12, n. 1 (febbraio 2006): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013206062422.
Abstract (sommario):
The antioxidative potential of different fractions (respective organic and aqueous fractions of n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) of 70% methanol extract of Ecklonia cava(a brown seaweed) was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, ferrous ion chelating, reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibition (conjugated diene hydroperoxide and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances production) assays. The 70% methanol extract showed significant (p< 0.05) activities in all antioxidant assays and contained a high level of total phenolic content. It was observed that the level of hydrophilic phenolic content was higher than that of hydrophobics. Among those organic solvent fractions, ethyl acetate fraction exhibited significant activities due to the highest level of total phenolic content and their IC50 values were 0.013mg/mL, 0.009mg/mL and 0.33mg/mL in DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical inhibition, respectively. These activities were superior to those of a commercial synthetic and natural antioxidants tested. The aqueous chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions also exhibited significant (p< 0.05) activities in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and metal chelating, attributed to the high amount of hydrophilic phenolics. Moreover, E. cava extracts showed strong reducing power and a notable capacity to suppress lipid peroxidation.
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Gan, Ren-You, Wing-Yee Lui, Ming-Fu Wang, Harold Corke e Zhong-Quan Sui. "Accumulation of solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble antioxidant phenolics in edible bean sprouts: implication of germination". Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, n. 8 (30 agosto 2016): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i8.273.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Edible bean sprouts are popular fresh vegetables widely recognized for their nutritional quality. However, while their antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in both solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble extracts has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: The antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in both solvent-soluble and solvent-insoluble fractions of 12 cultivars of edible bean sprouts were evaluated, and relationships of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were also analyzed. Results: Sprouts demonstrated a wide range of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, with lower but substantial antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in the solvent-insoluble fractions. Highest levels were found in the green mung bean sprout. Phenolic compounds, such as catechin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were widely detected in these sprouts. Additionally, a positive correlation was discovered between antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content in these edible bean sprouts. Conclusions: Germination generally resulted in the accumulation of antioxidant phenolics in the most edible bean sprouts. Edible bean sprouts with high antioxidant phenolics can be valuable natural sources of dietary antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. Keywords: Bean sprout, Germination, Antioxidant capacity, Radical scavenging capacity, Phenolic composition, Solvent-insoluble phenolics
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Machado, Patrícia Gotardo, Danielle Santos Londero, Milene Teixeira Barcia e Cristiano Augusto Ballus. "Exploring Anthocyanin and Free and Bound Phenolic Compounds from Two Morphotypes of Araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) by LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS". Foods 12, n. 17 (28 agosto 2023): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12173230.
Abstract (sommario):
Araçá is a Brazilian native fruit belonging to the Myrtaceae family. Although some studies already prove its health benefits, it is still necessary to explore the phenolic compounds in all its parts separately. This study aimed to investigate the free, esterified, glycosylated, and insoluble phenolics in two morphotypes of araçá, red and yellow, evaluating peel, pulp, and seed separately, using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS). Fourteen phenolics and five anthocyanins were quantified in both morphotypes. The peels presented the highest contents, followed by the pulp and seeds. Red araçá stood out over the yellow one only in the phenolic fractions resulting from the peel, with the yellow araçá being superior in the phenolic fractions of the pulp and seed. The highest antioxidant capacities were detected for the pulp-esterified phenolics (498.3 µmol g−1) and peel-free phenolics (446.7 µmol g−1) of yellow araçá. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated specific markers to differentiate the samples. All parts of the araçá proved to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, in different fractions, mainly in the peel. This information will be beneficial to stimulate the consumption of native fruits and their possible use in the development of new products.
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Liu, Xiaojing, Ou Wang, Jiexin Zhou e Shengbao Cai. "Different Phenolic Extracts of Oil Palm Fruits and Caffeic Acid Prevent Palmitic Acid-Induced Lipotoxicity in HepG2 Cells via Improving Mitochondrial Function". Journal of Food Quality 2020 (3 agosto 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8827707.
Abstract (sommario):
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruits are rich in antioxidative phenolic compounds, which exert various health improving effects. This study aimed to comparatively study the protective effects of different phenolic fractions from the fruits treated with or without ultrahigh pressure (UHP) and their most abundant phenolic substance, caffeic acid, against the palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells and to clarify the potential mechanisms. Results showed that the TG accumulation, intracellular reactive oxygen species content, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization were relieved by the administration of those phenolic fractions and caffeic acid. The protection of insoluble-bound (IB) phenolic fraction was the best, and UHP treatment significantly enhanced its protective effect on lipotoxicity. The lipotoxicity preventive effect may be achieved by alleviating intracellular oxidative stress, downregulating the expression of P-P38, COX-2, and iNOS to relieve inflammation, and downregulating Bax and cytochrome C and upregulating Bcl-2 to suppress the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, the oil palm fruits phenolic fractions, especially the IB phenolic fraction, might be utilized as dietary antioxidants to relieve the adverse effects of a high-fat diet on the body, and UHP treatment is a potential method to increase this bioactivity.
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Kostić, Aleksandar Ž., Danijel D. Milinčić, Bojana Špirović Trifunović, Nebojša Nedić, Uroš M. Gašić, Živoslav Lj Tešić, Sladjana P. Stanojević e Mirjana B. Pešić. "Monofloral Corn Poppy Bee-Collected Pollen—A Detailed Insight into Its Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties". Antioxidants 12, n. 7 (14 luglio 2023): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071424.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to compile a detailed phytochemical profile and assess the antioxidant properties of bee-collected pollen (PBP) obtained from corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) plants. To achieve this, a lipid fraction was prepared for quantifying fatty acids using GC-FID. Extractable and alkaline-hydrolysable PBP fractions (obtained from a defatted sample) were used to determine the qualitative and quantitative profiles of phenolic compounds, phenylamides and alkaloids using UHPLC/Q-ToF-MS. Additionally, various spectrophotometric assays (TAC, FRP, CUPRAC, DPPH⦁) were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties. Phenolic compounds were more present in the extractable fraction than in the alkaline-hydrolysable fraction. Luteolin was the predominant compound in the extractable fraction, followed by tricetin and various derivatives of kaempferol. This study presents one of the first reports on the quantification of tricetin aglycone outside the Myrtaceae plant family. The alkaline-hydrolysable fraction exhibited a different phenolic profile, with a significantly lower amount of phenolics. Kaempferol/derivatives, specific compounds like ferulic and 5-carboxyvanillic acids, and (epi)catechin 3-O-gallate were the predominant compounds in this fraction. Regarding phenylamides, the extractable fraction demonstrated a diverse range of these bioactive compounds, with a notable abundance of different spermine derivatives. In contrast, the hydrolysable fraction contained six spermine derivatives and one spermidine derivative. The examined fractions also revealed the presence of seventeen different alkaloids, belonging to the benzylisoquinoline, berberine and isoquinoline classes. The fatty-acid profile confirmed the prevalence of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, both fractions exhibited significant antioxidant activity, with the extractable fraction showing particularly high activity. Among the assays conducted, the CUPRAC assay highlighted the exceptional ability of PBP’s bioactive compounds to reduce cupric ions.
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Widodo, H., Sismindari, W. Asmara e Abdul Rohman. "Antioxidant activities of methanolic extract and its fractions of Baccaurea racemosa and Macaranga subpeltata leaves". Food Research 4, n. 1 (26 agosto 2019): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(1).144.
Abstract (sommario):
Oxidative stress, the excessive presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is suggested as a basal cause of aging as well as various degenerative and chronic diseases in human. Antioxidants are believed to play a very vital role in the body defense system against ROS. Plant-based antioxidants with their prominence have gained tremendous worldwide interest nowadays. Baccaurea racemosa and Macaraanga subpeltata are among ethnomedical used plants for liver diseases medication which have potential source as natural antioxidants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanolic crude extract (CE) and their fractions of the plant’s leaves. Maceration was performed to obtain CE, which then subjected to fractionation using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol to obtain fractions of hexane fraction (HF), dichloromethane (DF), chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and ethanol fractions (EF), respectively. The CE and all fractions included water fraction (WF) and residue (R) were examined for its total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities using various in vitro assay. In general, EAF demonstrated as the best solvent for the extracting phenolic compounds with higher antioxidant activity. The CE and its fractions of M. subpeltata contained higher of TPC and TFC, also demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity, than that B. racemosa. The phenolics compounds were responsible for the antiradical properties. The EAF of M. subpeltata was scavenging those radicals better than that of L-(+)ascorbic acid as a positive control. The high antioxidant activities and phenolics contents make both the plant extracts to be developed as a food supplement.
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Ru, Pang, Gan, Liu e Bao. "Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Potato Cultivars with White, Yellow, Red and Purple Flesh". Antioxidants 8, n. 10 (20 settembre 2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100419.
Abstract (sommario):
The contents of total phenolics (TPC), individual phenolic acid and antioxidant activities in the free and bound fractions of potato with different flesh colors were systematically investigated. The TPC and antioxidant capacity in the bound fraction was significantly lower than that in the free fraction. Chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were detected in the free fraction with chlorogenic acid being the most predominant, accounting for 35.21–81.78% of the total content. Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were detected in the bound fraction in the colored potato with caffeic acid being the major one. In the free fraction, the content of each individual phenolic acid had positive correlation with antioxidant activity. In the bound fraction, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid showed positive correlation with antioxidant activity. This study promotes further understanding of the correlations among TPC, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity.
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Yu, Miao, Lingguang Yang, Qiang Xue, Peipei Yin, Liwei Sun e Yujun Liu. "Comparison of Free, Esterified, and Insoluble-Bound Phenolics and Their Bioactivities in Three Organs of Lonicera japonica and L. macranthoides". Molecules 24, n. 5 (9 marzo 2019): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050970.
Abstract (sommario):
Dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica and L. macranthoides have long been used as herbs in numerous Chinese traditional medicines. Comparisons of three phenolic fractions (i.e., free, esterified, and insoluble-bound phenolics) in three different organs (i.e., flower, leaf, and stem) of the two species revealed that the free phenolics were the highest in terms of total phenol and total flavonoid content, composed of the most numerous phenolics and flavonoids; thus, they exhibited the most excellent antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), as well as protective effects on DNA damage induced by free radicals. In identical free and esterified phenolics of a same organ, higher contents and bioactivities were observed in L. macranthoides than in L. japonica. Phenolics identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector, alongside tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-DAD–QTOF-MS/MS) mainly included chlorogenic acid and its five derivatives, three flavonoids that were only found in the free phenolic fraction and closely correlated with its bioactivity, and caffeic acid that was the major contributor to antioxidant activity of the esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic fractions. It was, thus, concluded that, like L. japonica, L. macranthoides, which was underestimated since being separately listed by the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is also a good (and better) herbal medicine.
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Sławińska, Natalia, Magdalena Kluska, Barbara Moniuszko-Szajwaj, Anna Stochmal, Katarzyna Woźniak e Beata Olas. "New Aspect of Composition and Biological Properties of Glechoma hederacea L. Herb: Detailed Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anticoagulant Activity and Toxicity in Selected Human Cells and Plasma In Vitro". Nutrients 15, n. 7 (29 marzo 2023): 1671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15071671.
Abstract (sommario):
It is known that phenolic compounds can alleviate the negative impact of oxidative stress and modulate hemostasis. However, the effect of extracts and phenolics from Glechoma hederacea L. on the biomarkers of these processes is not well documented. The aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro protective effects of one extract and three fractions (20, 60, and 85% fraction) from G. hederacea L. on oxidative stress and hemostasis. Phytochemical analysis showed that aerial parts of G. hederacea L. are rich in both phenolic acids (such as rosmarinic acid, neochlorogenic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and flavonoids (mainly rutin and glycoside derivatives of apigenin, quercetin, and luteolin). We observed that the 85% fraction (at three concentrations: 5, 10, and 50 μg/mL) inhibited protein carbonylation. Moreover, the extract and 85% fraction (at the concentration of 50 μg/mL) could reduce lipid peroxidation. All fractions and the extract were very effective at decreasing H2O2-induced DNA damage in PBM cells. The 85% fraction had the strongest protective potential against DNA oxidative damage. We also observed that the extract and fractions decreased PBM cell viability to a maximum of 65% after 24 h incubation. Our results indicate that the 85% fraction showed the strongest antioxidant potential. The main component of the 85% fraction was apigenin (26.17 ± 1.44 mg/g), which is most likely responsible for its strong antioxidant properties.
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Oriola, Ayodeji Oluwabunmi, Adetunji Joseph Aladesanmi, Thomas Oyebode Idowu, Florence O. Akinwumi, Efere Martins Obuotor, Temilolu Idowu e Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji. "Ursane-Type Triterpenes, Phenolics and Phenolic Derivatives from Globimetula braunii Leaf". Molecules 26, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2021): 6528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216528.
Abstract (sommario):
Globimetula braunii is a hemi-parasitic plant used in African ethnomedicine for the management of microbial infections, rheumatic pain and tumors amongst others. We report the isolation and characterization of eight compounds with their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The air-dried powdered leaf was macerated in EtOH/H20 (4:1). The extract was solvent-partitioned into n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and aqueous fractions. The fractions were screened for their antioxidant properties, using DPPH, FRAP, TAC and FIC assays. Antimicrobial analysis was performed using the micro-broth dilution method. The active EtOAc fraction was purified for its putative compounds on a repeated silica gel column chromatography monitored with TLC-bioautography. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods of UV, FT-IR, NMR and MS. Eight compounds (1–8) were isolated and characterized as 13,27-cycloursane (1), phyllanthone (2), globraunone (3), three phenolics: methyl 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate (4), methyl 3-methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (5) and guaiacol (6), as well as two phenol derivatives: 4-formaldehyde phenone (7) and 6-methoxy-2H-inden-5-ol (8). The study identified 4 and 6 as natural antioxidant compounds with potential as antimicrobial agents.
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Materska, Małgorzata, e Irena Perucka. "Accumulation of phenylpropanoids in green and red pepper fruits of semi-hot cultivars Capsicum annuum L." Acta Agrobotanica 63, n. 2 (2012): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.042.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the present work was to determine differences in <i>C</i> and <i>O</i> glycosides of flavonoids, derivatives of phenolic acids, as well as capsaicinoid content in two semi-hot pepper cultivars, cv. Tornado and Tajfun. Fruits were harvested at the green and red maturity stages. Flavonoid and capsaicinoid fractions were isolated on Sep-Pak C18 cartridges with 40% and 70% methanol-water solutions, respectively. The chemical composition of both fractions was determined by HPLC method using standards of phenolic compounds obtained in the earlier work and the capsaicin standard. The flavonoid fraction contained glucose esters of phenolic acid, mainly ferulic and sinapic acid, as well as derivatives of flavonoids, quercetin, luteolin and apigenin, which occurred as <i>O</i>- and <i>C</i>- glycosides with glucose, rhamnose, and apiose. The capsaicinoid fraction contained mainly capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. It was found that in green fruits flavonoid <i>O</i>-glycosides were the predominant phenolics, while in red ones derivatives of phenolic acids. A higher loss of <i>O</i>-glycosides of flavonoids than of <i>C</i>-glycosides was observed during the maturation of the fruit of semi-hot pepper cultivars.
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Rim BEN MANSOUR, Feten CHAOUACHI, Hanen FALLEH, André PICHETTE, Jean LEGAULT e Riadh KSOURI. "Powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-Herpes and anticancer capacities of Thymelaea microphylla L. and TLC phenolic identification". Journal of Natural Product Research and Applications 1, n. 03 (10 aprile 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/jnpra.v1i03.24.
Abstract (sommario):
Thymelaea microphylla is an edible and medicinal species that exhibits high antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Moreover, four fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) were tested towards their ex-vivo antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. Dichloromethane fraction had marked protection against cell oxidative stress (IC50 = 1.5 µg/mL). Hexane, Dichloromethane and Methanol fractions exhibited prominent anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells especially A-549 cells, with very low IC50 values of 0.13, 0.018 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively (50, 101 and 14 higher than Etoposide). Moreover, the three fractions showed no cytotoxicity on normal fibroblast WS-1. DCM exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells. Theses fractions were also tested on herpes (HSV-1). MeOH fraction was the most active acting both directly on the virus and on its adsorption. Phenolics, terpenoids and saponins were the major classes. These findings demonstrate that T. microphylla is a very promising source of selective anticancer molecules.
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Riaz, Tauheeda, Athar Abbasi, A. Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Tayyaba Shahzadi, Muhammad Ajaib e Mohammed Khan. "Phytochemical screening, free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Dodonaea viscosa". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, n. 4 (2012): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110621183r.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Methanolic extract of the plant was dissolved in distilled water and partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and nbutanol sequentially. Phytochemical screening showed presence of phenolics, flavonoides and cardiac glycosides in large amount in chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fraction. The antioxidant potential of all these fractions and remaining aqueous fraction was evaluated by four methods: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and ferric thiocyanate assay along with determination of their total phenolics. The results revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibited highest percent inhibition of DPPH radical as compared to other fractions. It showed 81.14 ? 1.38% inhibition of DPPH radical at a concentration of 60 ?g/ml. The IC50 of this fraction was found to be 33.95 ? 0.58 ?g/ml, relative to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), having IC50 of 12.54 ? 0.89 ?g/mL. It also showed highest FRAP value (380.53 ? 0.74 ?M of trolox equivalents) as well as highest total phenolic contents (208.58 ? 1.83 GAE ?g/g) and highest value of inhibition of lipid peroxidation (58.11 ? 1.49% at concentration of 500 ?g/ml) as compared to the other studied fractions. The chloroform fraction showed highest total antioxidant activity i.e.1.078 ? 0.59 (eq. to BHT).
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Oliveira, Nelma Neylanne Pinho Muniz, Aline Carvalho Pereira, Smail Aazza, Carolina Mesquita Germano, Rafael Marlon Alves de Assis, Simony Carvalho Mendonça, Alexandre Alves de Carvalho, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto e Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci. "Preparações de frutas Tribulus terrestris afetam os perfis químicos de HPLC e as atividades antioxidantes, lipoxigenase e inibidoras de α-glucosidase". Research, Society and Development 11, n. 17 (19 dicembre 2022): e17111738751. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i17.38751.
Abstract (sommario):
Tribulus terrestris fruit has been used as a traditional and popular medicine for the prevention and treatment of several diseases, including sexual dysfunction, atherosclerosis and hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, lipoxygenase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of an ethanol extract from Brazilian T. terrestris and its fractions sequentially partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The antioxidant capacities were determined by DPPH and ABTS scavenging free radicals, chelating metal ions, reducing power and total antioxidant activity by using phosphomolybdenum. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) fingerprint analysis and quantitation of total phenolics were performed on the samples. The dichloromethane fraction showed the most complex HPLC-DAD chemical profile. The ethyl acetate and butanol fractions revealed the best phenolic compound and flavonoid recovery from T. terrestris. Concerning antioxidant activity, the ethyl acetate fraction presented better capacity for scavenging DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals, reductive power, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the other fractions. These results correlated closely with the levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The hexane fraction showed the best metal chelating power and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. The anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of Brazilian Tribulus terrestris depend on the method of preparation.
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Rudiyansyah, Rizal Fathurrahman e Endah Sayekti. "Aktivitas Tabir Surya Secara In-Vitro Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Kedondong (Spondias dulcis Sol. Ex G.Forst)". Jurnal Riset Kimia 15, n. 1 (23 aprile 2024): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v15i1.615.
Abstract (sommario):
Excessive sun exposure to the skin can cause redness (erythema) and darkening of the skin (pigmentation). This effect can be prevented by using sunscreen. Kedondong leaves (Spondias dulcis Sol. Ex G. Forst) can act as a natural sunscreen because they contain secondary metabolite compounds with a conjugated double bond structure (chromophore), including phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The presence of conjugated double bonds in phenolic and flavonoid compounds is known to be able to absorb UV radiation thereby reducing its intensity on the skin. This study aims to determine the sunscreen activity of kedondong leaves based on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), , the percentage of erythema transmission value (%Te), and the percentage of pigmentation transmission value (%Tp) and determine the secondary metabolite groups in kedondong leaf extracts and fractions. The research stages carried out were extraction of kedondong leaves by maceration, dechlorophyllation, followed by fractionation using n-hexane and dichloromethane, to obtain methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, dichloromethane fraction and methanol fraction. Then phytochemical tests were carried out on the extracts and fractions. Phytochemical tests showed that the secondary metabolite compounds in the methanol extract of kedondong leaves were alkaloids, phenolics, steroids and saponins. Furthermore, in the n-hexane fraction are steroids, the dichloromethane fraction is phenolic compounds, and the methanol fraction is alkaloid, phenolic and saponin compounds. Using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 200-400 nm, the sunscreen activity test showed that the dichloromethane fraction at a concentration of 120 mg/L was included in the extra protection category with an SPF value of 7,86±0,23; fast tanning with a %Te value of 15,99±0,83 and sunblock with a %Tp value of 32,72±1,09.
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Dewi, I. K., S. Pramono, A. Rohman e R. Matien. "Potential of corncobs (Zea mays) fraction as tyrosinase inhibitor and natural antioxidant in vitro". Food Research 5, n. 2 (27 febbraio 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).465.
Abstract (sommario):
Corncobs (Zea mays) are beneficial to human health as they contain tyrosinase inhibitors and natural antioxidants, but they are not used as they are considered as waste. This research evaluated the inhibition test towards tyrosinase enzyme and antioxidant activity of corncob fraction using in-vitro DPPH method and its correlation to phenolic and flavonoids. Corncob fraction was extracted using the maceration method applying 70% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract of corncob was suspended by water and then partitioned with chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aquadest to produce three fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aquadest fractions). These fractions were analyzed through the tyrosinase inhibition test, applying in vitro tyrosinase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity using radical scavenging test DPPH (2 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Meanwhile, the total phenolic and flavonoids content tests were determined spectroscopically. The results showed ethyl acetate fraction had the highest tyrosinase activity with IC50 values of 185.76 µg/mL, followed by the aquadest fraction (IC50 676.44µg/ml) and the chloroform fraction (IC50 709.26 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging method exhibited that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 25.79 µg/mL followed by the chloroform fraction (IC50 of 29.15 µg/mL) and the aquadest fraction (IC50 of 32.41 µg/mL). The total phenolic content of the corncob fraction ranged between 1.73 to 7.43% (w/w) gallic acid equivalents (GAE), while the entire flavonoid content ranged between 0.01 to 1.34% (w/ w) quercetin equivalent (QE). The tyrosinase activity and antioxidants of the corncob fractions correlated with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
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Zubaydah, M. H. Sahumena, W. O. N. Fatimah, Sabarudin, M. Arba e Yamin. "Determination of antiradical activity and phenolic and flavonoid contents of extracts and fractions of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) seeds". Food Research 5, n. 3 (11 aprile 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(3).563.
Abstract (sommario):
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) is a plant from the Moraceae family that is widespread in Indonesia. Empirically, jackfruit can be used to cure hypertension, diabetes, cancer, asthma, dermatosis, coughs, wounds, acne, and diarrhea. The bioactive compounds in jackfruit include phenolics and flavonoids, which function as natural antioxidants. This research investigated the antiradical activity of jackfruit seed extracts and fractions using DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and examined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents which may be developed as functional medicines and foods. The jackfruit seed powder was extracted using the maceration method. Radical scavenging activities were measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Total phenolic contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Meanwhile, the contents of flavonoids were determined using the aluminum chloride complex colorimetric method. The IC50 value of ethyl acetate fraction, methanol extract, n -hexane fraction, and water fraction was 5.435±0.064 µg/mL, 5.639±0.302 µg/mL, 7.201±0.475 µg/mL, and 9.134±0.2911 µg/mL, respectively. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate fraction, methanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction were 49.597±1.589, 47.949±1.966, 41.214±4.354 and 35.504±0.913 g GAE/100 g of sample, respectively for phenolic, and 70.199±0.458, 65.228±0.615, 59.907±0.719, and 54.234±0.351 g of quercetin equivalent/100 g of sample, respectively of flavonoids, with a correlation value (R2 ) to antiradical power of 0.4582 for phenolic and 0.5281 for flavonoids. The ethyl acetate fraction of jackfruit seeds can be further developed as an anti -radicals and functional food.
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Jubaidah, Siti, Reksi Sundu e Nur Sabriningsih. "PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL FRAKSI POLR DAN NONPOLAR DAUN RAMBAI LAUT (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-Vis". Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia 1, n. 2 (22 maggio 2019): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v1i2.23.
Abstract (sommario):
Rambai laut (Soneratia caseolaris L.) is a type of tree that grows in riverbank swamps or mangrove forests which contains one of the secondary metabolites in the form of phenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the total phenolic content of polar and nonpolar fractions of sea rambai leaves using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method.
Research conducted is non-experimental. The stages of the study included the determination of plants, sampling, making samples, making extracts, determining the water content of extracts, fractionation using polar and nonpolar fractions, phytochemical screening test of ethanol extract and fractionation results and determination of total phenolic levels by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.
The results showed that rambai laut leaf in polar fraction had a total phenolic content of 213.49 ± 1.2227 mg GAE / g, which means that in each gram the polar fraction is equivalent to 213.49 mg of gallic acid, whereas in the nonpolar fraction of rambai laut leaves is obtained 55.79 ± 1.0809 mg GAE / g which means that in each gram the nonpolar fraction is equivalent to 55.79 mg of gallic acid. Total phenolic content is greater in the polar fraction.
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Kancherla, Nagaraju, Anusha Dhakshinmoothi, K. Chitra, Jayasree Palla e Ravi Babu Komaram. "Preliminary Screening for In-Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials in Whole Plant Fractions of Cayratia Auriculata (Vitaceae)". Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 947–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2677.
Abstract (sommario):
Failure of natural homeostasis of healthy cell due to hyperproliferative nature of cancer, resulting in stimulation of various genes which are intensively participated in cell cycle, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Our study focused on the in-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of the whole plant fractions of Cayratia auriculata, a medicinal plant belongs to Vitaceae family. The whole plant material was shade dried and powdered, fractions were prepared by using soxhlet extraction technique with the ascending order of polarity such as hexane < chloroform, < ethyl acetate < methanol. Screening for phytoconstituents in fractions was carried with standard biochemical instigations. Quantitative investigation was done by using different assays such as total phenolic content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity, 2,2 -Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and total antioxidant activity (TAC) to reveal antioxidant capacity. In-vitro cytotoxicity activity on A549 lung cancer cell line was evaluated by (3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazole-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. Phytochemical analysis of all four fractions showed the existence of varying degree of secondary bioactive metabolites but methanol fraction exhibited richness in phytoconstituents. Methanol fraction revealed good total phenolic content, potent antioxidant potential in FRAP, DPPH, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity in contrast to other tested fractions. MTT assay revealed that methanol fraction C. auriculata has strongest cytotoxic effect towards (A549) lung cancer cell line with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 115.14 µg/ml. The results of present study indicate that different fractions of C. auriculata showed the existence of varying degree of phytochemicals, total phenolic content and dose dependent antioxidant activity. Methanolic fraction revealed richness in phytochemicals, total phenolic content, potent antioxidant, and anticancer property (in- vitro).
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Inglett, G. E., D. Chen, D. J. Rose e M. Berhow. "High-shear, Jet-cooking, and Alkali Treatment of Corn Distillers’ Dried Grains to Obtain Products with Enhanced Protein, Oil and Phenolic Antioxidants". Food Science and Technology International 16, n. 4 (9 luglio 2010): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013209353821.
Abstract (sommario):
Distillers dried grains (DDG) have potential to be a nutritionally important source of protein, oil and phenolic antioxidants. DDG was subjected to high-shear and jet-cooking, with or without alkaline pH adjustment and autoclaving. Soluble and insoluble fractions were analyzed for protein, oil and ash. Extracts were analyzed for phenolic acids and antioxidant activity. Protein contents were significantly elevated in the insoluble fractions after treatment and the oil content was drastically increased in the insoluble fraction after high-shear and jet-cooking without pH adjustment. Alkaline pH adjustment resulted in a soluble fraction that was highest in phenolic acids, but not antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the 50% ethanol extract from DDG that had been subjected to high-shear and jet-cooking. These results suggest that high-shear and jet-cooking may be useful processing treatments to increase the value of DDG by producing fractions high in protein, oil and extractable phenolic acids with high antioxidant activity. The DDG fractions and extracts described herein may be useful as food and nutraceutical ingredients, and, if used for these applications, will increase the value of DDG and ease economic burdens on ethanol producers, allowing them to compete in the bio-fuel marketplace.
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Nisa, Khoirun, Auliya Uswatun Hasanah, Ema Damayanti, Andri Frediansyah, Muslih Anwar, Annisa Khumaira e Nosa Septiana Anindita. "In vitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical profiling of Indonesian Anacardium occidentale L. leaf extract and fractions". Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 12, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2024): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1714_12.1.50.
Abstract (sommario):
Context: Uncontrolled practice of antibiotics leads to bacterial resistance. Therefore, investigating the possible utilization of several medicinal plant extracts is necessary. Traditionally, numerous medicinal plants have been widely utilized to treat some human diseases including Anacardium occidentale. Aims: To investigate the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract and fractions from A. occidentale as well as characterize the phytochemical profile of A. occidentale leaves associated with antibacterial capacity. Methods: The antibacterial activity was determined using minimum inhibitory concentration and time kill assay, which confirmed by streak agar plate. Phytochemical profiling of A. occidentale leaves extract and fractions were evaluated by their total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, terpenoid contents, and metabolite analysis by UHPLC-HR-ESI-MS. Results: Among the extract and all fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction had high killing efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was confirmed by its MIC value of 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Corresponding to its antibacterial capacity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest of phenolic (508.89 mg GAE/g dw) and flavonoid (184 mg QE/g dw) contents. Based on HRMS investigation, the extract and fractions contain amino acids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acid amides, fatty acids, and organic acids as classes of molecules. Moreover, avicularin/quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, myricitrin, and gallic acid were identified as major compounds from the active fraction. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most remarkable antibacterial activity. There was a significant correlation between the antibacterial activity of active fraction and its phenolic and flavonoid contents.
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Herlina, Nur, Sugeng Riyanto, Sudibyo Martono e Abdul Rohman. "Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Methanolic Extract of Stelechocarpus burahol Fruit and its Fractions". Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, n. 2 (4 dicembre 2018): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v17i2.39170.
Abstract (sommario):
Kepel or Stelechocarpus burahol is an exotic fruit originating from Java, Indonesia. This research was intended to evaluate the antioxidant activities of extracts and fractions of kepel fruit pulp (KFP) based on radical scavenging capability towards 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenildiphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH). In this study, the radical scavenging activities were also correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents. Among the evaluated samples, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antiradical antioxidant activity towards ABTS radical with IC50 of 0.35 μg/ml, lower than that of vitamin C (as positive control). It also showed highest antiradical activity using DPPH based assay. Methanolic extract had total phenolic content of 58.28 ± 0.37% wt/wt gallic acid equivalent, higher than its fraction. Meanwhile the petroleum ether soluble fraction revealed flavonoid content (76.06 ± 11.9%) as rutin equivalent, among the extract and fractions evaluated. Based on coefficient (R2) values, phenolics and flavonoids contents contributed to 73.09% and 30.99%% towards antiradical scavenging activities, respectively.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 153-159, 2018 (December)
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Silva, Taina Kleinubing da, Ester Hadassa Neves, Andrey Felipe Kummer, Emanuele Steffens, Maik Breguedo, Cárin Fabíola Pensin, Letycia Lopes Ricardo e Kelly Cristina Massarolo. "Pfaffia glomerata: Gallic acid and phenolic compounds determination". Research, Society and Development 11, n. 17 (19 dicembre 2022): e37111738706. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i17.38706.
Abstract (sommario):
Pfaffia glomerata, known as ginseng-brasileiro, is a root widely used in folk medicine, being effective against inflammation, rheumatism, and fatigue, in addition to present aphrodisiacs and antidiabetics properties. Among the classes of substances reported for the specie, the phenolic acids, in special gallic acid, has shown positive activity to learning and memory, having a considerable effect against neurotoxic and pro-oxidant substances. Therefore, the article’s objective was to quantify gallic acid in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions from P. glomerata. Thus, the aerial parts of ginseng were collected, dried and subjected to extraction with ethanol followed by fractionation with organic solvents in different polarities, obtaining the hexanic, dichloromethane (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) fractions. Then, gallic acid was identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC in the ethyl acetate fraction. The total phenolic content was determined in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions, presenting values of 70,3 mg/g and 118,6 mg/g, respectively. The gallic acid content determined by HPLC in the AcOEt fraction was 904,15 µg/g, while in the CHCl3 fraction it was not possible to quantify. So, the species can be a source of phenolic compounds for possible applications in the pharmaceutical area.
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Xiang, Zhuoya, Li Liu, Zhou Xu, Qingbo Kong, Heng Liang, Shiling Feng, Tao Chen, Lijun Zhou, Hongyu Yang e Chunbang Ding. "Purification of Phenolic Compounds from Camellia polyodonta Flower: Composition Analysis, Antioxidant Property, and Hypolipidemic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo". Antioxidants 13, n. 6 (28 maggio 2024): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060662.
Abstract (sommario):
Camellia polyodonta flowers are rich sources of phenolics and less attention has been paid to their potential biological activity. This study aims to explore the crude extracts and resulting purified fractions (CPFP-I, II, III, and IV) through compositional analysis and antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in vitro and in vivo. Among four fractions, CPFP-II contained the highest total phenolic content and flavonoid content, while CPFP-III exhibited the greatest total proanthocyanidin content. Among the 14 phenolic compounds, CPFP-II displayed the highest content of procyanidin B2, B4, and C1, whereas CPFP-III contained the highest amount of 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose. The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assessments demonstrated a consistent trend: CPFP-II > CPFP-III > CPFP-I > CPFP-IV. In vivo experiments showed that that all four fractions significantly reduced lipid levels in hyperlipidemic C. elegans (p < 0.05), with CPFP-II exhibiting the most potent effect. Furthermore, CPFP-II effectively bound to bile acids and inhibited the enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Consequently, CPFP-II should be prioritized as a promising fraction for further exploration and should provide substantial support for the feasibility of the C. polyodonta flower as a natural alternative.
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YOUNAS, Umer, Shahid IQBAL, Asif SALEEM, Roeya RAHMAN, Arif NAZIR, Faiza HASSAN, Arfaa SAJID, Zohaib SAEED e Munawar IQBAL. "Evaluation of Biological Activity and Pharmacological Attributes of Pariploca aphylla: Potential Source of Functional Food and Nutraceuticals". Revue Roumaine de Chimie 68, n. 7-8 (10 luglio 2023): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch.2023.68.7-8.08.
Abstract (sommario):
Functional foods and nutraceuticals are gaining popularity as they are being developed and commercialized with the aim of reducing the risk of various diseases and their treatment. In this study, antiradical activity guided fractionation of Pariploca aphylla (P. aphylla) crude extract was conducted. A crude methanolic extract of P. aphylla was prepared and then fractionated using different solvents, including hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. This approach allowed for the isolation and characterization of different fractions of P. aphylla with potential antioxidant activity. These fractions were tested for the determination of total phenolic content, antiradical (DPPH• and ABTS•+) potential and HPLC quantification of phenolic acids. Among all the tested fractions, butanol fraction exhibited highest phenolic content and significant antiradical potential. Butanol faction was further sub-fractionated using a silica gel-loaded column and 18 sub-fractions were obtained. Antiradical potential of all 18 sub-fractions was determined and sub-fraction 12 was found having highest radical scavenging potential. Structures of compounds in sub-fraction 12 were identified and quantified using GC-MS. Among all the identified compounds, 7-Trimethylsilyloxytridecane (C16H36OSi) and 1,2-bis(trimethylsiloxy)ethane (C8H22O2Si2) were found in highest ratio. All of the compounds can be declared having high anti-radical potential that can be extracted or synthesized for possible exploitation as functional food or nutraceuticals.
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Souilah, Nabila, Zain Ullah, Hamdi Bendif, Kamel Medjroubi, Tahar Hazmoune, Tarek Hamel, Mehmet Öztürk, Gema Nieto e Salah Akkal. "Phenolic Compounds from An Algerian Endemic Species of Hypochaeris laevigata var. hipponensis and Investigation of Antioxidant Activities". Plants 9, n. 4 (16 aprile 2020): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040514.
Abstract (sommario):
Hypochaeris laevigata var. hipponensis (Asteraceae) is an endemic plant from Algeria. In the current study, we analyzed for the first time its chemical composition, especially phenolic constituents of dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and n-butanol (BuOH) fractionsof the aerial parts of Hypochaeris laevigata var. hipponensis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The number of phenolic compounds detected in DCM, EA, and BuOH fractions were found to be 9, 20, and 15, respectively. More specifically, 12 phenolic acids were detected. Among them, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were the most abundant ones. Meanwhile, only seven flavonoids were detected. Among them, rutin, apigetrin, and isoquercitrin were the major ones. We also determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and fraction EA showed the highest values, followed by BuOH, and DCM fractions. Furthermore, the antioxidant action was dictated by five methods and the tested plant fractions demonstrated a noteworthy antioxidant action.
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Sabarudin, Ruslin, W. O. S. Zubaydah, A. Sartinah, S. Buton e Yamin. "Antiradical activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoids extract and fractions of pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch) leaves". Food Research 5, n. 2 (13 febbraio 2021): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).529.
Abstract (sommario):
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch) is one of the Cucurbitaceae plants, which traditionally used to treat skin diseases, measles, jaundice, insomnia, cancer and enhances endurance. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the potential of pumpkin leaves as antiradical. This research aim was to examine the antiradical activity and total phenolic and total flavonoids of pumpkin leaves extract and its fractions using the DPPH method and determined the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Pumpkin leave powder was extracted with methanol. Furthermore, water was added into methanol extract, and be partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The antiradical activities of pumpkin leave extract and fractions were determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhidrazyl) method. Ethyl acetate fraction obtained higher antiradical activities (IC50 6.737±0.196 µg/mL). Correlation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents to inhibit DPPH radical showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents on pumpkin leaves could be inhibited DPPH radical R2 = 0.8994 and R2 = 0.9061, respectively. Extracts and fraction pumpkin leaves show strong antiradical activity with DPPH methods, so their potential as antiradical can developed and can be used as a functional food.
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Shah, Muhammad Abdur Rehman, Rahmat Ali Khan e Mushtaq Ahmed. "Phytochemical assessment of Iphiona aucheri (Bioss.) Anderb. and its cytotoxic, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2020): 913–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52497.
Abstract (sommario):
The presence of phytochemical constituents and estimation of total phenolic contents in Iphiona aucheri (Bioss.) Anderb. stem and assessment of their cytotoxic, total antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity were investigated. All fractions were assessed for phytochemicals, cytotoxic activity, total phenolic contents, antioxidant and anti-diabetic characteristics. Saponins, glycosides, protein and amino acids, carbohydrates and flavonoids were found in aqueous fraction and methanolic extract while they were absent in n-hexane fraction except glycosides and protein. The crude methanolic extract (70.3 ± 1.9%) revealed highest brine shrimp mortalities. Except n-hexane fraction others indicated considerable antioxidant activities via DPPH, ABTS•+ and H2O2 assays. Crude methanolic extract expressed higher inhibition of α-amylase (60.71 ± 0.89%) than glucophage (54.92 ± 0.56%). Non significant correlation of total phenolic contents with percentage antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of crude methanolic extract and its various fractions was observed in all cases.