Articoli di riviste: "Phasor estimation"

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Zhao, Dongfang, Fuping Wang, Shisong Li, Wei Zhao, Lei Chen, Songling Huang, Shen Wang e Haitao Li. "An Optimization of Least-Square Harmonic Phasor Estimators in Presence of Multi-Interference and Harmonic Frequency Variance". Energies 16, n. 8 (12 aprile 2023): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083397.

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The wide application of power electronic devices brings an increasing amount of undesired harmonic and interharmonic tones, and accurate harmonic phasor estimation under a complex signal input is an important task for smart grid applications. In this paper, an optimization of least-square dynamic harmonic phasor estimators, considering multi-interference and harmonic frequency variance, is proposed. A comprehensive error index (CEI) composed of the fundamental-leakage-led harmonic amplitude estimation error, harmonic mutual interference, out-of-band interference, and harmonic frequency deviation is employed. The largest CEI part of least-square algorithms using three different signal decomposition models is analyzed for the first time, and variables to reduce this error component are then introduced using singular value decomposition. With the CEI and defined variables, a minimum-error estimation of harmonic phasors under various interference and harmonic frequency change is discussed. Numerical tests are performed, and the test results show that after the proposed optimization is applied to least-square algorithms, the harmonic phasor estimation errors are considerably reduced, especially for low-order harmonics. We also show the possibility of choosing desired optimal phasor filter design by balancing the measurement accuracy and data latency. For example, when the window length is set to three nominal cycles, the proposed optimization can yield both good accuracy and fast measurement speed for estimating harmonic phasors under multi-interference and harmonic frequency variance.

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Chukkaluru, Sai Lakshmi, e Shaik Affijulla. "Review of Discrete Fourier Transform During Dynamic Phasor Estimation and the Design of Synchrophasor Units". ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 21, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2023): 248548. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2023211.248548.

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In a large and complex interconnected power system, the measurement of synchronized bus voltage and line current plays a vital role in the monitoring and precise control of various sophisticated electrical equipment for secure and reliable operation. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are incorporated into a wide area of the power system to extract the different signals of synchronized phasors. In this paper, the capacity of the PMU phasor estimation algorithm is explored based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) under different sampling frequency rates during various dynamic scenarios in accordance with the IEEE C37.118.1a-2014 standard. Furthermore, the performance of the DFT algorithm varies according to the phase angle and dynamic parameters such as frequency, frequency ramp rates, modulation frequency, harmonic levels, step change, decaying dc, and noise levels. The simulation results reveal that accuracy of the phasor estimation algorithm based on DFT can be achieved at high sampling frequency rates. Furthermore, the results of DFT-based phasor estimation are compared with Shank’s estimation method (SEM) and the least-squares estimation method (LEM). The presented method is best suited to PMU algorithms development based on DFT for better visualization of the smart electric grid.

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Guo, Yufu, Hang Xu e Aobing Chi. "Broadband Dynamic Phasor Measurement Method for Harmonic Detection". Electronics 11, n. 11 (24 maggio 2022): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11111667.

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A large number of nonlinear loads and distributed energy sources are connected to the power system, leading to the generation of broadband dynamic signals including inter-harmonics and decaying DC (DDC) components. This causes deterioration of power quality and errors during power measurement. Therefore, effective phasor estimation methods are needed for accurate monitoring and effective analysis of harmonics and interharmonic phasors. For this purpose, an algorithm is proposed in this paper that is implemented in two parts. The first part is based on the least square method in order to obtain accurate DDC component. In the second part, a Taylor–Fourier model of broadband dynamic harmonic phasor is established. The regularization optimization problem of the sparse acquisition model is solved by harmonic vector estimation method. Finally, the piecewise Split-Bregman Iterative (SBI) framework is used to obtain the estimated value of the harmonic phasor measurement and to realize the reconstruction of the original signal. Through simulation and performance test, the proposed algorithm significantly improves the accuracy of the phasor measurement and estimation, and can provide a reliable theoretical basis for the PMU measurement.

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Giotopoulos, Vasilis, e Georgios Korres. "Implementation of Phasor Measurement Unit Based on Phase-Locked Loop Techniques: A Comprehensive Review". Energies 16, n. 14 (18 luglio 2023): 5465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145465.

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The dynamic monitoring, control, and protection of modern power systems in real time require time-stamped electrical measurements to accurately estimate the bus voltage phasors using the state estimation function under normal and abnormal conditions. These measurements can be acquired by time-synchronized devices, known as phasor measurement units (PMUs). PMUs can measure bus voltage and branch current phasors of a three-phase network, as well as the frequency and the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF), with high speed, accuracy and time stamping provided by global positioning system (GPS) at the coordinated universal time (UTC). Various phasor estimation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, while most of them are concentrated in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm, where an integer number of samples multiple of the nominal frequency is required for the computations. In cases where the frequency of the power grid deviates from its nominal value, the raw application of the DFT approach can lead to large errors during phasor estimation. Another approach of the phasor estimation is based on the phase-locked loop (PLL) techniques, widely used in grid tie inverters. PLL techniques can track dynamically (continuous time) the estimated frequency to the time-variant frequency of the power grid. A brief introduction to the basic concepts of the synchrophasor definition is provided, while the main DFT methods for synchrophasor estimation according to recent literature are mentioned. PLL-based PMU techniques are reviewed for both steady-state and dynamic conditions according to IEEE standards. In conclusion, the performance of PLL-based PMU algorithms presented in this literature review is discussed.

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Parthasarathy, Hari Krishna Achuthan, Madhusudan Saranathan, Adhitya Ravi, M. C. Lavanya e V. Rajini. "Comparative Analysis of Phasor Estimation Techniques for PMU Applications". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2325, n. 1 (1 agosto 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2325/1/012010.

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Abstract Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) are valuable sources of data which increase the visibility into several fields of application such as power production, transmission and distribution. With the initial goal of obtaining phasor values at fixed points in the network and syncing it to a standard time frame, the technology has morphed into an all-encompassing unit, which has its uses in the field of protection, control and automation. With the application of these units becoming a standard benchmark, the improvement in the current available units is a huge requirement. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of various techniques that is used for the estimation of phasors.

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Liu, Min. "Distribution System State Estimation with Phasor Measurement Units". Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (ottobre 2014): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.687.

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With phasor measurement units (PMU) become available in the distribution system; the estimation accuracy of the distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is expected to be improved. Based on the weighted least square (WLS) approach, this paper proposed a new state estimator which takes into account the PMU measurements including voltage magnitude and phasor angle, and load current magnitude and phasor angle. Simulation results indicate that the estimation accuracy is obvious improve by adding PMU measurements to the DSSE. Furthermore, the estimation accuracy changes with the installation site of PMU, and can be maximized by choosing the installation site appropriately.

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Xiao, Xianyong, Runze Zhou, Xiaoyang Ma e Rui Xu. "Harmonic Phasor Estimation Method Considering Dense Interharmonic Interference". Entropy 25, n. 2 (27 gennaio 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020236.

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Due to the limitation of frequency resolution and the spectrum leakage caused by signal windowing, the spectrums of harmonic and interharmonic components with close frequencies overlap each other. When the dense interharmonic (DI) components are close to the harmonic spectrum peaks, the harmonic phasor estimation accuracy is seriously reduced. To address this problem, a harmonic phasor estimation method considering DI interference is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the spectral characteristics of the dense frequency signal, the phase and amplitude characteristics are used to determine whether DI interference exists in the signal. Secondly, an autoregressive model is established by using the autocorrelation of the signal. Data extrapolation is performed on the basis of the sampling sequence to improve the frequency resolution and eliminate the interharmonic interference. Finally, the estimated values of harmonic phasor, frequency and rate of change of frequency are obtained. The simulation and some experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately estimate the parameters of harmonic phasors when DIs exist in the signal, and has a certain anti-noise capability and dynamic performance.

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Mejia-Barron, Arturo, David Granados-Lieberman, Jose Razo-Hernandez, Juan Amezquita-Sanchez e Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez. "Harmonic PMU Algorithm Based on Complex Filters and Instantaneous Single-Sideband Modulation". Electronics 8, n. 2 (29 gennaio 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020135.

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Phasor measurement units (PMUs) have become powerful monitoring tools for many applications in smart grids. In order to address the different issues related to harmonics in power systems, the fundamental phasor estimator in a PMU has been extended to the harmonic phasor estimator by several researchers around the world. Yet, the development of harmonic phasor estimators is a challenge because they have to consider time-varying frequencies since the frequency deviation in the harmonic components is proportional to the harmonic order in a dynamic way. In this work, a new algorithm for harmonic phasor estimation using an instantaneous single-sideband (SSB) modulation is presented. Unlike other SSB-based approaches, its implementation in this work is based on concepts of instantaneous phase and instantaneous frequency. In general, the proposed algorithm is divided into two stages. Firstly, the estimation of the fundamental phasor is carried out by means of a complex finite impulse response (FIR) filter which provides the analytic signal used to compute the instantaneous magnitude, phase, and frequency. Secondly, a complex FIR filter bank is proposed for the estimation of the harmonic components, where the instantaneous SSB modulation technique is applied in order to center the harmonic components into specific narrow bands for each complex filter when an off-nominal frequency occurs. The validation of the proposed algorithm is carried out by means of the current standards of phasor measurement units, i.e., Std. C37.118.1-2011 and C37.118.1a-2014, which involve steady-state, dynamic, and time performance tests.

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delaOSerna, J. A. "Phasor Estimation From Phasorlets". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 54, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2004.838914.

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Chi, Aobing, Chengbi Zeng, Yufu Guo e Hong Miao. "A Bregman-Split-Based Compressive Sensing Method for Dynamic Harmonic Estimation". Entropy 24, n. 7 (17 luglio 2022): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24070988.

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In order to overcome the spectral interference of the conventional Fourier transform in the International Electrotechnical Commission framework, this paper introduces a Bregman-split-based compressive sensing (BSCS) method to estimate the Taylor–Fourier coefficients in a multi-frequency dynamic phasor model. Considering the DDC component estimation, this paper transforms the phasor problem into a compressive sensing model based on the regularity and sparsity of the dynamic harmonic signal distribution. It then derives an optimized hybrid regularization algorithm with the Bregman split method to reconstruct the dynamic phasor estimation. The accuracy of the model was verified by using the cross entropy to measure the distribution differences of values. Composite tests derived from the dynamic phasor test conditions were then used to verify the potentialities of the BSCS method. Simulation results show that the algorithm can alleviate the impact of dynamic signals on phasor estimation and significantly improve the estimation accuracy, which provides a theoretical basis for P-class phasor measurement units (PMUs).

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Rafikov, V. R., I. E. Ivanov e A. A. Bratoliubov. "Physical and mathematical modeling of transients in a synchronous generator utilizing synchronized phasor measurements". Vestnik IGEU, n. 3 (30 giugno 2021): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2021.3.022-032.

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There have been quite a few attempts to compute synchronous generator parameters based on voltage and current synchrophasors taken under power system transients. However, we have not seen any publications with thorough analysis as to how soon the phasor measurement unit reacts to disturbance conditions, which components of the transient are filtered out and which are passed through, as well as what the total vector error is. The goal of this research is to determine all of these characteristics of a phasor measurement unit when playing back transient oscillograms for a stator short circuit obtained through mathematical modeling. The transient oscillograms have been derived via both a full Park-Gorev system of flux linkage equations as well as the MATLAB/Simulink Synchronous Machine block. Physical modeling was then conducted via a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) along with a dedicated phasor measurement unit ENIP-2 (PMU), and the stator current phasors were recorded. Our analysis has shown that both RTDS and ENIP-2 (PMU) almost entirely filter out the exponentially decaying DC component of the fault current while closely following the periodical signal envelope. The total vector error has been estimated to become below 1–2 % after around 0,02–0,03 s into the fault when selecting the “P” class filters according to IEEE C37.118. We have come to a conclusion that synchrophasor measurements under power system disturbances could be utilized for estimating the synchronous, transient, and subtransient generator parameters. The selected synchronous machine model in the form of flux linkage equations is correct, as the obtained transient oscillograms are exactly the same as those produced by Simulink. “P” class phasor measurements can be recommended for representing transients in the stator circuit of a synchronous generator. The results of this investigation are meant to be employed for synchronous machine parameter estimation based on phasors sourced from RTDS and, hopefully, from phasor measurement units installed at power plants.

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Jafarpisheh, Babak, e Anamitra Pal. "A Robust Algorithm for Real-Time Phasor and Frequency Estimation under Diverse System Conditions". Energies 14, n. 21 (1 novembre 2021): 7112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217112.

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This paper presents a comprehensive approach for performing phasor and frequency estimation from voltage and/or current signals of the modern power system. Undesirable components, such as decaying DC, if present in the input signal, are first attenuated using a complex-gain filter. The initial estimates of phasor and frequency are obtained next using the discrete Fourier transform and an improved estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of phasor and frequency estimates are increased based on the identified system condition. Simulations performed to evaluate the proposed approach confirm that it can do fast and accurate estimation of phasor and frequency under diverse operating conditions, making it ideal for wide-area monitoring, protection, and control applications in power systems.

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Phadke, A. G., J. S. Thorp e K. J. Karimi. "State Estimation with Phasor Measurements". IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-6, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1986.5528179.

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Kušljević, Miodrag D. "IIR Cascaded-Resonator-Based phasor estimation". Measurement 183 (ottobre 2021): 109767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109767.

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Rao, J. Ganeswara, e Ashok Kumar Pradhan. "Accurate Phasor Estimation During Power Swing". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 31, n. 1 (febbraio 2016): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2015.2441132.

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Munoz, Alejandro Torres, e Jose Antonio de la O. Serna. "Shanks' Method for Dynamic Phasor Estimation". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 57, n. 4 (aprile 2008): 813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2007.913824.

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Hussein, Husham. "State Estimation via Phasor Measurement Units for Iraqi National Super Grid Power System Network". Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, n. 1 (1 giugno 2016): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.1.2.

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In this paper describes the operation of power system networks to be nearest to stability rated values limits. State estimation for monitoring and protection power system is very important because it provides a real-time (RT) Phase angle of different nodes of accuracy and then analysis and decided to choose control way (methods). In order to detect the exact situation (instant state) for power system networks parameters. In this paper proposes a new monitoring and analysis system state estimation method integrating with MATLAB environment ability, by using phasor measurement units (PMU's) technology, by this system the estimation problem, iterations numbers, and processing time will reduce. The measurements of phasors value of voltage signal and current estimated and analyzed. Mat lab/PSAT package use as a tool to design and simulate four electrical power systems networks such as INSG 24 buses, IEEE14 bus, Diyala city 10buses (IRAQ), and IEEE6 bus and then installed and applied PMU’s devices to each system. Simulation results show that the PMU's performances effectiveness appear clearly. All results show the validation of PMU’s devices as an estimator to power system networks states and a significant improvement in the accuracy of the calculation of network status. All results achieved and discussed through this paper setting up mathematical models with Graph Theoretic Procedure algorithm.

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Kolosok, Irina, Elena Korkina e Aleksandr Tikhonov. "Use of phasor measurements for modeling FACTS at the electric power system state estimation". E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901025.

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As the Smart Grid is being developed in the Russian Federation, a need in FACTS arises at resolving the issues of increasing the transmission capacity of electric power lines, voltage control, etc. The paper considers the issues of installing phasor measurement units (PMU) at the FACTS for the electric power system state estimation of (EPS SE). The relevance of the paper is explained by the mandatory introduction of PMUs at newly commissioned power engineering facilities (PEF) scheduled for 2020 and farther. PMUs registering voltage and current phasors at FACTS allow increasing the precision of results of the EPS SE problem and improving the electric modes at the considered PEF.

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Zhou, Zhiguo, Ruliang Lin, Lifeng Wang, Yi Wang e Hansen Li. "Research on Discrete Fourier Transform-Based Phasor Measurement Algorithm for Distribution Network under High Frequency Sampling". Energies 11, n. 9 (23 agosto 2018): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092203.

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This paper proposes a phasor measurement algorithm that is suitable for a distribution network. Under the condition of fixed interval and high frequency sampling, the algorithm uses a dynamic calibration factor to correct the traditional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm, which solves the shortcomings of the rapid decline in traditional algorithm measurement accuracy under the condition of power system frequency deviation or dynamic measurement. Under the high sampling rate of the international distribution network waveform data, the conventional phasor is used to represent the theoretical phasor, and the value of the conventional phasor is compensated to make the result closer to the theoretical value. Finally, the phasor measurement software simulation platform is built in Matlab/Simulink, based on the principle of the algorithm, providing a simulation environment for researchers to verify the phasor measurement algorithm of the distribution network and the fault location, state estimation, or other advanced applications.

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Ponnala, Ravi, Muktevi Chakravarthy e Suraparaju Venkata Naga Lakshmi Lalitha. "Performance and comparison of different phasor calculation techniques for the power system monitoring". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, n. 3 (1 giugno 2022): 1246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3833.

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Day to day to electrical power demand increases very rapidly with linear and non-linear load demands. Especially the nonlinear loads are creating the harmonics in the current and voltage signals. The current and voltage signal values are measured with the phasor measurement unit (PMU) for the proper magnitude and phase angle calculation even in the presence of harmonic components in the signals. The performance of the PMU is depending upon the phasor calculation technique. Different technique/methods are available for the phasor calculation, from the method to method there is difference in the accuracy, phasor computation time and complexity. In this paper various techniques for phasor calculation are presented. For better performance of PMU, more accurate and less computation time for phasor calculation technique is required. But in real time, accuracy and speed both may not satisfied with single technique. Need to find a satisfactory technique, which satisfies the speed of phasor computation and accuracy. In this paper it is proposed that direct phasor estimation technique, which gives the better results in terms of accuracy and time and this method, satisfies the requirements for the dynamic monitoring of power system according to the IEEE std. C37.118.1-2011.

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Tajdinian, Mohsen, Shahram Montaser Kouhsari, Kazem Mohseni e Mehdi Zareian Jahromi. "A novel method for decaying DC component removal with regard to frequency fluctuations". COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2016): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-01-2015-0009.

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Purpose – Decaying DC component has important effect on extracting the fundamental component phasor. It directly affects the precision of protective relaying algorithms which act based on fundamental frequency component. It can be noted that decaying DC component, harmonic components and off-nominal frequency conditions are the major issues which strongly effect phasor estimation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper proposes a novel hybrid approach for fundamental phasor estimation in order to remove the decaying DC component using Hilbert Transform and Discrete Fourier Transform. Findings – The proposed method (PM) converges to the original value in one cycle in presence of harmonic components and off-nominal frequency condition. In addition, proposed algorithm is able to detect the frequency fluctuation. Thus, it is applicable for static and dynamic conditions. An extensive set of simulation results across static and dynamic validations demonstrated that the proposed approach has faster convergence and better precision than the present methods. In addition, during harmonic distortion and also frequency fluctuation, the PM provides a correct and reliable response. Originality/value – The PM can calculate the DC component exactly from fault current signals and can be used in digital protection algorithms for phasor estimation.

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Gholami, Mohammad, Ali Abbaspour Tehrani-Fard, Matti Lehtonen, Moein Moeini-Aghtaie e Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad. "A Novel Multi-Area Distribution State Estimation Approach for Active Networks". Energies 14, n. 6 (23 marzo 2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061772.

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This paper presents a hierarchically distributed algorithm for the execution of distribution state estimation function in active networks equipped with some phasor measurement units. The proposed algorithm employs voltage-based state estimation in rectangular form and is well-designed for large-scale active distribution networks. For this purpose, as the first step, the distribution network is supposed to be divided into some overlapped zones and local state estimations are executed in parallel for extracting operating states of these zones. Then, using coordinators in the feeders and the substation, the estimated local voltage profiles of all zones are coordinated with the local state estimation results of their neighboring zones. In this regard, each coordinator runs a state estimation process for the border buses (overlapped buses and buses with tie-lines) of its zones and based on the results for voltage phasor of border buses, the local voltage profiles in non-border buses of its zones are modified. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested with an active distribution network, considering different combinations of operating conditions, network topologies, network decompositions, and measurement scenarios, and the results are presented and discussed.

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Bernard, Lakshan, Sunny Goondram, Behrooz Bahrani, Athanasios A. Pantelous e Reza Razzaghi. "Harmonic and Interharmonic Phasor Estimation Using Matrix Pencil Method for Phasor Measurement Units". IEEE Sensors Journal 21, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2021): 945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3009643.

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Dotta, Daniel, e Joe H. Chow. "Second Harmonic Filtering in Phasor Measurement Estimation". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 28, n. 2 (aprile 2013): 1240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2242701.

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Sidhu, T. S., X. Zhang e V. Balamourougan. "A New Half-Cycle Phasor Estimation Algorithm". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2004.834677.

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Rouhani, Alireza, e Ali Abur. "Linear Phasor Estimator Assisted Dynamic State Estimation". IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 9, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2548244.

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Weiqing Jiang, V. Vittal e G. T. Heydt. "Diakoptic State Estimation Using Phasor Measurement Units". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 23, n. 4 (novembre 2008): 1580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2008.2002285.

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Dotta, Daniel, Joe H. Chow e David B. Bertagnolli. "A Teaching Tool for Phasor Measurement Estimation". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 29, n. 4 (luglio 2014): 1981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2311102.

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Atta, Khalid Tourkey, Andreas Johansson e Thomas Gustafsson. "Extremum seeking control based on phasor estimation". Systems & Control Letters 85 (novembre 2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2015.08.010.

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Zhao, L., e A. Abur. "Multiarea State Estimation Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, n. 2 (maggio 2005): 611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.846209.

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Krievs, Oskars, Ingars Steiks e Leonids Ribickis. "A PLL Scheme for Synchronization with Grid Voltage Phasor in Active Power Filter Systems". Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Power and Electrical Engineering 27, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2010): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10144-010-0035-x.

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A PLL Scheme for Synchronization with Grid Voltage Phasor in Active Power Filter SystemsVoltage source inverters connected to the grid in applications such as active power filters require synchronization with the grid voltage. Since in practice the grid voltage can be unbalanced and distorted, but the operation of the whole active filter control system is strongly dependant on precise estimation of grid voltage phase, the fundamental positive sequence phasor of the grid voltage has to be extracted. In this paper a system for smooth estimation of the position of the voltage phasor at the point of common coupling of a parallel active filter system is presented using a sinusoidal signal integrator and a simple software PLL. The performance of the proposed system is verified by simulation and experimental results. The proposed PLL scheme can also be used in other vector oriented control systems.

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Hakimian, Vahid, e Hossein Seifi. "An Optimization-Based Robust Dynamic State Estimation for Power Systems with Synchronized Phasor Measurement Units, Involving Disturbance Rejection". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (23 marzo 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1820478.

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State estimation provides the best estimate of the system states using a set of measurements that is divided into two main classes; static and dynamic types. The state estimator should provide an acceptable response in the presence of system changes and/or disturbances. To achieve this aim, considering the high rate of data changes and the high volume of exchanging information, the phasor measurement units could play an outstanding role. Furthermore, due to the inevitable errors of the measurements, and to provide an authentic estimate of the system states using the measured data, a state estimator should be able to eliminate or decrease the undesirable effect of bad data or outliers on the final output of the process. This type of state estimator is called a robust type. In this paper, a dynamic state estimator for a system with the synchronized phasor measurement units is utilized, which is capable of decreasing the effect of disturbances. Simultaneously, the robustness of the state estimation process in the presence of outliers is considered, which enables the state estimation process to reduce the negative effect of outliers on its final output. Therefore, the implemented process is called a robust dynamic state estimation method. By defining different scenarios and utilizing numerical indices, simulation results are thoroughly analyzed based on an explanatory three-bus network and the IEEE standard 14-bus and 57-bus networks using the MATPOWER tool.

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Tanyi, Emmanuel, e Edwin Mbinkar. "Real-Time State Estimation in the Cameroon Power System". ISRN Power Engineering 2013 (16 settembre 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/871827.

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An important tool for the energy management system (EMS) is state estimation. Based on measurements taken throughout the network, state estimation gives an estimation of the state variables of the power system while checking that these estimates are consistent with the measurements. Currently, in the Cameroon power system, state estimates have been provided by ad hoc supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. A disadvantage is that the measurements are not synchronised, which means that state estimation is not very precise during dynamic phenomena in the network. In this paper, real-time phasor measurement units (PMUs) that provide synchronised phasor measurements are proposed for integration into the power system. This approach addresses two important issues associated with the power system state estimation, namely, that of measurement accuracy and that of optimization of the number of measurement sites, their location, and the importance given to their measurements on the dynamic state estimation.

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Bentarzi, Hamid, Meriam Mahboubi e Abderrahmane Ouadi. "Study of Different Estimation Techniques for a Micro-Phasor Measurement Unit Implementation". International Journal on Applied Physics and Engineering 1 (31 dicembre 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232030.2022.1.3.

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Abstract (sommario):

Distribution power networks are very complex, due to the great number nodes, short distances, and small amplitude and phase angle differences between nodes, faster dynamics and lack of standard documentation. Thus, these complexities have raised the need to develop new Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) called Micro-Phasor Measurement Unit (μPMU) with high accuracy and high precision. In this work, several estimation techniques have been investigated so far for improving effectiveness and accuracy of this micro-PMU.

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Duda, Krzysztof, e Tomasz P. Zieliński. "Fir Filters Compliant with the IEEE Standard for M Class PMU". Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0055.

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Abstract In this paper it is shown that M class PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) reference model for phasor estimation recommended by the IEEE Standard C37.118.1 with the Amendment 1 is not compliant with the Standard. The reference filter preserves only the limits for TVE (total vector error), and exceeds FE (frequency error) and RFE (rate of frequency error) limits. As a remedy we propose new filters for phasor estimation for M class PMU that are fully compliant with the Standard requirements. The proposed filters are designed: 1) by the window method; 2) as flat-top windows; or as 3) optimal min-max filters. The results for all Standard compliance tests are presented, confirming good performance of the proposed filters. The proposed filters are fixed at the nominal frequency, i.e. frequency tracking and adaptive filter tuning are not required, therefore they are well suited for application in lowcost popular PMUs.

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Vazquez, Jon, Jose Felix Miñambres, Miguel Angel Zorrozua e Jorge Lázaro. "Phasor Estimation of Transient Electrical Signals Composed of Harmonics and Interharmonics". Energies 14, n. 16 (20 agosto 2021): 5166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165166.

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Numerical relays have become essential tools for carrying out the protection and surveillance tasks of electrical power systems. These relays implement their functions from the phasors of the electrical network signals, estimated by digital processing using digital filters. Digital filters must meet certain requirements, such as providing a fast and effective response to increasingly complex transient signals made up of components that make the estimation process difficult. In addition to the decreasing exponential (decaying dc offset), harmonics, and signal noise, it must be added that the interharmonic components that in recent years have acquired great relevance, mainly because of the increase in non-linear loads and the extensive use of power electronic systems. The presence of these interharmonic components causes a poor response in most of the filters implemented today. This article presents the design of a new digital filter, C-CharmDF (Cleaned Characteristic Harmonic Digital Filter) for phasor estimation on noisy transient signals with decreasing exponential components, harmonics, and interharmonics. A detailed study was carried out for severe transient situations and stationary signals. It was found that the method can be suitable for relays that implement both fault location functions and system protection functions.

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Kim, Nam e Kang. "Adaptive Phasor Estimation Algorithm Based on a Least Squares Method". Energies 12, n. 7 (10 aprile 2019): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071387.

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This paper proposes an adaptive phasor estimation algorithm based on a least square method that can suppress the adverse effect of an exponentially decreasing DC offset component in a phasor estimation process. The proposed algorithm is composed of three stages: a basic least squares model, a time constant calculation, and an adaptive least squares model. First, we use the basic least squares model to estimate the parameter of the DC offset component in the fault current signal. This model is designed to incorporate fundamental frequency, and harmonic and constant components. Second, we use the estimated parameter to calculate the time constant of the DC offset component. Third, we redesign a least squares model that incorporates fundamental frequency, harmonic components, and exponential function of the DC offset component. Since this model incorporates the exponential function of the DC offset component contained in the fault current signal, it estimates the phasor of the correct fundamental frequency component without influence of the DC offset component. We evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm using computer generated signals and EMTP simulation signals. The evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively suppress the adverse influence of the exponentially decaying DC offset component.

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Priyadarshi, Alok, Vishal Rathore e Krishna Bihari Yadav. "Observability Enhancement of Smart Grid Based on Optimal Placement of PMUs". ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 20, n. 3 (12 ottobre 2022): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2022203.247514.

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This paper presents an efficient observation concerning the enhancement of smart grid (SG) based on the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (OPP) using nonlinear programming (NLP). The proposed algorithm tries to achieve two objectives: (i) to ascertain the minimum number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) and (ii) to increase the redundancy of the SG at all the buses. Synchronized current and voltage phasors are obtained to enhance the accuracy of the state estimation results—a minimum number of PMUs results in a lack of communication facilities at the substation. PMU losses will lead to unobservable buses at the SG. Therefore, PMU losses and communication constraints should be considered during the design process. Limited channel capacity, conventional measurement, and zero-injection bus measurements are also included in the proposed PMU formulation. The proposed algorithm is examined on IEEE~14-, 30-, 57-, 118-, and 300-bus test systems in MATLAB to verify its effectiveness. Furthermore, the results are compared with the simplex linear programming and mixed linear programming methods to prove the efficacy of the presented algorithm. The output thus obtained reveals that the NLP algorithm obtains approximately the same PMUs as other methods.

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Rao, A. V. Koteswara, K. M. Soni, Sanjay Kumar Sinha e Ibraheem Nasiruddin. "Dynamic phasor estimation using adaptive artificial neural network". International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 12, n. 2 (13 marzo 2021): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01082-2.

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40

Huang, Chun, Xing Xie e Hui Jiang. "Dynamic Phasor Estimation Through DSTKF Under Transient Conditions". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 66, n. 11 (novembre 2017): 2929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2017.2713018.

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Duda, Krzysztof, Tomasz P. Zielinski, Andrzej Bien e Szymon H. Barczentewicz. "Harmonic Phasor Estimation With Flat-Top FIR Filter". IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 69, n. 5 (maggio 2020): 2039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2918370.

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42

Tuttelberg, Kaur, e Jako Kilter. "Estimation of transmission loss components from phasor measurements". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 98 (giugno 2018): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.11.040.

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43

de Apráiz, Matilde, Ramón Diego e Julio Barros. "An Extended Kalman Filter Approach for Accurate Instantaneous Dynamic Phasor Estimation". Energies 11, n. 11 (26 ottobre 2018): 2918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112918.

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This paper proposes the application of a non-linear Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for accurate instantaneous dynamic phasor estimation. An EKF-based algorithm is proposed to better adapt to the dynamic measurement requirements and to provide real-time tracking of the fundamental harmonic components and power system frequencies. This method is evaluated using dynamic compliance tests defined in the IEEE C37.118.1-2011 synchrophasor measurement standard, providing promising results in phasor and frequency estimation, compliant with the accuracy required in the case of off-nominal frequency, amplitude and phase angle modulations, frequency ramps, and step changes in magnitude and phase angle. An important additional feature of the method is its capability for real-time detection of transient disturbances in voltage or current waveforms using the residual of the filter, which enables flagging of the estimation for suitable processing.

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Lopac, Nikola, Neven Bulic e Niksa Vrkic. "Sliding Mode Observer-Based Load Angle Estimation for Salient-Pole Wound Rotor Synchronous Generators". Energies 12, n. 9 (27 aprile 2019): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091609.

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Synchronous generator load angle is a fundamental quantity for power system stability assessment, with possible real-time applications in protection and excitation control systems. Commonly used methods of load angle determination require additional measuring equipment, while existing research on load angle estimation for wound rotor synchronous generator has been limited to the estimator based on the generator’s phasor diagram and estimators based on artificial neural networks. In this paper, a load angle estimator for salient-pole wound rotor synchronous generator, based on a simple sliding mode observer (SMO) which utilizes field current, stator voltages, and stator currents measurements, is proposed. The conventional SMO structure is improved with use of hyperbolic tangent sigmoid functions, implementation of the second order low-pass filters accompanied with corresponding phase delay compensation, and introduction of an adaptive observer gain proportional to the measured field current value. Several case studies conducted on a generator connected to a power system suggest that the proposed estimator provides an adequate accuracy during active and reactive power disturbances during stable generator operation, outperforming the classical phasor diagram-based estimator by reducing mean squared error by up to 14.10%, mean absolute error by up to 41.55%, and maximum absolute error by up to 8.81%.

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Xu, Qunwei, Zhiquan Ma, Pei Li, Xiaolong Jiang e Chaoqun Wang. "A Refined Taylor-Fourier Transform with Applications to Wideband Oscillation Monitoring". Electronics 11, n. 22 (14 novembre 2022): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223734.

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The recent increase in renewable energy adoption has enhanced the penetration rate of electronic equipment, leading to an increased risk of wideband oscillations. Existing wide-area measurement systems mainly focus on fundamental phasors, which cannot effectively monitor wideband oscillations. This study presents an accurate wideband oscillation monitoring method based on radial basis function (RBF) neural networks and Taylor–Fourier transform (TFT). First, discrete Fourier transform is used to obtain a preliminary estimation of the oscillation signal, and then, TFT is adopted to obtain a precise estimation even under dynamic conditions. To reduce the computational burden of TFT, an RBF neural network is used for noise intensity estimation, which adaptively determines the window length. Finally, the proposed method is verified by synthetic data and the field data collected from Guyuan and Hami, China. The experimental results show that the RBF neural network has an excellent denoising effect. When the signal-to-noise ratio is 45 dB, the maximum overall phasor error and the maximum frequency error are 1% and 0.01 Hz, respectively. Hence, it is expected to be useful for next-generation monitoring systems.

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Khashroum, Zeyad, Ali Dehghan Chaharabi, Lorena Palmero e Keiichiro Yasukawa. "ESTABLISHMENT AND PLACEMENT OF A MULTI-PURPOSE PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT TO IMPROVE PARALLEL STATE ESTIMATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS". Engineering Science & Technology Journal 3, n. 1 (26 settembre 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/estj.v3i1.256.

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Today, microgrids in distribution networks are in dire need of improvement to cope with economic challenges, human losses, and equipment placement issues. Today, there is the issue of scattered resources in distribution systems, which has created many problems in the areas of environment, economy, and human and animal losses. The most important challenge in this section is the existence of voltage and frequency fluctuations during the occurrence of possible events such as severe load changes or errors in distribution networks. Having such a big problem can call a distribution network into question and destroy it. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an optimal method that can meet and cover these challenges. For this purpose, the present research deals with the problem of establishing and placing a multifunctional phasor measurement unit to improve the parallel state estimation in distribution networks, which offers a control approach. This approach determines the time of occurrence of internal and external disturbances after using the phasor unit. The approach of this research is to use a neural-fuzzy method because there is uncertainty in the distribution network due to the mentioned challenges, and training in the system is needed to accurately deploy and place possible errors. Do not occur. When setting up and placing the phasor measuring unit, the most important issue is the proper distribution of the load in the distribution network. The simulation results in the MATLAB / Simulink environment show the improvement of the results according to the proposed approach.Keywords: Distribution Network, Neural-Fuzzy Network, Optimal Load Distribution, Parallel State Estimation, Phasor Measurement Unit.

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Matsukawa, Watanabe, Wahab e Othman. "Voltage Stability Index Calculation by Hybrid State Estimation based on Multi Objective Optimal Phasor Measurement Unit Placement". Energies 12, n. 14 (12 luglio 2019): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142688.

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Operation of a power system close to the voltage stability limit due to increasing of load demand and limited power sources may result in disastrous economic loss with voltage collapse of the entire power system. A system operator has to understand how far the system is from the critical boundary of the voltage collapse. This paper investigated the influence of State Estimation (SE) in the calculation of the Critical Boundary Index (CBI) as a voltage stability index. For SE, Hybrid State Estimation (HSE), including the measurement set of both Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), is employed. Concurrently, the CBI is estimated using voltage phasor estimated by HSE based on optimal PMU location, which is selected from a Pareto optimal front obtained by the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). As a result of CBI estimation, HSE using PMU is relatively accurate in voltage stability index estimation compared to SCADA SE, which uses the RTU alone. However, when a mixed measurement condition in some lines affects the CBI estimation, it is suggested that it may be necessary to discard PMU measurements in some cases.

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Kong, Wang, Yuan e Yu. "Multi Objective for PMU Placement in Compressed Distribution Network Considering Cost and Accuracy of State Estimation". Applied Sciences 9, n. 7 (11 aprile 2019): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071515.

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Abstract (sommario):

A phasor measurement unit (PMU) can provide phasor measurements to the distribution network to improve observability. Based on pre-configuration and existing measurements, a network compression method is proposed to reduce PMU candidate locations. Taking the minimum number of PMUs and the lowest state estimation error as the objective functions and taking full observability of distribution network as the constraint, a multi objective model of optimal PMU placement (OPP) is proposed. A hybrid state estimator based on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and PMU measurements is proposed. To reduce the number of PMUs required for full observability, SCADA measurement data are also considered into the constraint by update and equivalent. In addition, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is applied to solve the model to get the Pareto set. Finally, the optimal solution is selected from the Pareto set by the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by IEEE standard bus systems.

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Kwon, Young-Jin, e Sang-Tae Kim. "Modified Dynamic Phasor Estimation Method During a Transient Period". Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering 1, n. 2 (aprile 2011): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jicee.2011.1.2.175.

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50

Ebrahimzadeh, Esmaeil, Shahrokh Farhangi, Hossein Iman-Eini, Firouz Badrkhani Ajaei e Reza Iravani. "Improved Phasor Estimation Method for Dynamic Voltage Restorer Applications". IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 30, n. 3 (giugno 2015): 1467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2014.2366241.

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