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Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 20 febbraio 2023

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1

Feras, Peter M. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 145, n. 8 (ottobre 1986): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb112410.x.

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Louis, W. J., C. J. O'Callaghan, H. Krum, A. G. Mander e E. S. B. Louis. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 161, n. 2 (luglio 1994): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb127364.x.

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3

Snyder, Raymond D. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 7 (ottobre 1988): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120688.x.

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4

Webb, John, e R. G. Robinson. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 7 (ottobre 1988): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120689.x.

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5

Colquhoun, D. M. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 7 (ottobre 1988): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120690.x.

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6

McLean, Allan. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 7 (ottobre 1988): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120691.x.

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7

Shaw, John. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 7 (ottobre 1988): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120692.x.

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8

McLean, Allan. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 11-12 (dicembre 1988): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120842.x.

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9

Shaw, John. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 11-12 (dicembre 1988): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120843.x.

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10

Louis, W. J., C. J. O'Callaghan, H. Krum, A. G. Mander e E. S. B. Louis. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)". Medical Journal of Australia 160, n. 5 (marzo 1994): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb125843.x.

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11

Graham, David. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)". Medical Journal of Australia 160, n. 5 (marzo 1994): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1994.tb125844.x.

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12

Harvey, Ken. "Australia: Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Lancet 337, n. 8738 (febbraio 1991): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91181-s.

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13

Graham, David. "The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Prescriber 18, n. 2 (1 aprile 1995): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.1995.049http://www.australianprescriber.com/magazine/18/2/42/4.

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14

Salkeld, Glenn. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme cost recovery". Australian Prescriber 34 (1 giugno 2011): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2011.036.

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15

Norton, David Y. "Pimozide and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 164, n. 6 (marzo 1996): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122077.x.

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16

Duchen, David L. "Generic drugs and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 10 (novembre 1988): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120785.x.

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17

Odgers, Christine L. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Public Hospitals". Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 30, n. 2 (aprile 2000): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr200030245.

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18

James, Rob. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Public Hospitals". Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 32, n. 3 (settembre 2002): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2002323175a.

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19

Karnon, Jonathan, Laura Edney e Michael Sorich. "Costs of paying higher prices for equivalent effects on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Health Review 41, n. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah15122.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objective The aims of the present study were to illustrate and discuss the effects of the non-maintenance of equivalent prices when the comparators of pharmaceuticals listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (PBS) on a cost-minimisation basis come off-patent and are subject to statutory price reductions, as well as further potential price reductions because of the effects of price disclosure. Methods Service use, benefits paid, and price data were analysed for a selected sample of pharmaceuticals recommended for listing on a cost-minimisation basis between 2008 and 2011, and their comparators, to estimate the cost savings to the PBS of maintaining equivalent prices. Results Potential cost savings for 12 pharmaceuticals, including alternative compounds and combination products across nine therapeutic groups, ranged from A$570 000 to A$40 million to April 2015. Potential savings increased significantly following recent amendments to the price disclosure process. Conclusions Potential savings from maintaining equivalent prices for all pharmaceuticals listed on the PBS on a cost-minimisation basis could be over A$500 million per year. Actions to reduce these costs can be taken within existing policy frameworks, but legislative and political barriers may need to be addressed to minimise these costs, which are incurred by the taxpayer for no additional benefit. What is known about the topic? Pharmaceuticals listed on the PBS must provide value for money. Many pharmaceuticals achieve this by demonstrating equal effectiveness to an already listed pharmaceutical and requesting the same price as this comparator; that is, listing on a cost-minimisation basis. When the comparator moves off-patent, the price of the still-patented pharmaceutical is protected, whereas the off-patent drug is subject to price disclosure and often steep price reductions. What does this paper add? This paper adds to recent evidence on the costs to government of paying different prices for two or more pharmaceuticals that are equally effective. Between 2008 and 2011, the direct comparators for 68 pharmaceuticals listed on a cost-minimisation basis have moved onto the price disclosure list. Across 12 of these listings, the potential cost savings in the 10 months to April 2015 were A$73 million. What are the implications for practitioners? The PBS costs the Australian government over A$9 billion per year. Annual savings over A$500 million per year could be achieved by maintaining cost-minimisation across equally effective pharmaceuticals. This would improve the efficiency of the PBS at no risk to patients. Legislation is required to remove the existing F1 and F2 categorisation of listed pharmaceuticals, but the proposed changes would remove the need for therapeutic group premiums and simplify the pricing of PBS items.
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20

Shaw, John. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: time for radical surgery?" Medical Journal of Australia 149, n. 4 (agosto 1988): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1988.tb120565.x.

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21

Clarke, Philip M. "Challenges and opportunities for the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 196, n. 3 (febbraio 2012): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.10092.

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22

Knott, Rachel J., Philip M. Clarke, Emma L. Heeley e John P. Chalmers. "Measuring the Progressivity of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Economic Review 48, n. 2 (27 maggio 2015): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12103.

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23

Lingaratnam, Senthil M., Sue W. Kirsa, James D. Mellor, John Jackson, Wallace Crellin, Michael Fitzsimons e John R. Zalcberg. "A survey of reimbursement practices of private health insurance companies for pharmaceuticals not covered under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme 2008". Australian Health Review 35, n. 2 (2011): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10894.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objective. To describe the current practices and policy of Australian private health insurance (PHI) companies with respect to cover for pharmaceuticals not subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Design, setting and participants. A 2008 review of web-published policy statements for top-level hospital and comprehensive general treatment insurance, and survey of reimbursement practices by way of questionnaire, of 31 Australian-registered, open-membership PHI companies. Main outcome measures(s). Description of the level of pharmaceutical cover and important considerations identified by PHI companies for funding non-PBS pharmaceuticals through benefit entitlements or ex-gratia payments. Results. Nine of thirty-one PHI companies (29%) provided responses accounting for ~60% market share of PHI. The majority of smaller PHI firms either declined participation or did not respond. The maximum limits offered for non-PBS pharmaceuticals, under comprehensive general treatment insurance, varied significantly and typically did not adequately cover high-cost pharmaceuticals. Some companies occasionally offered ex-gratia payments (or discretionary payments in excess of the policyholder’s entitlement benefits) for high cost-pharmaceuticals. Factors considered important in their decision to approve or reject ex-gratia requests were provided. All results were de-identified. Conclusions. There is little consistency across PHI companies in the manner in which they handle requests for high-cost pharmaceuticals in excess of the defined benefit limits. Such information and processes are not transparent to consumers. What is known about the topic? Pharmaceuticals that are not accessible via the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) may be subsidised through private health insurance. The level of cover through general treatment insurance and hospital insurance varies according to the insurer or policy type and hospital–insurer agreement respectively. What does this paper add? An increasing proportion of lower cost, high volume pharmaceuticals that are available to consumers without any form of Commonwealth subsidy, under current arrangements, also do not attract any form of PHI cover. There is also little consistency across PHI companies in the manner in which they handle requests for high-cost pharmaceuticals in excess of the defined benefit limits and that such information and processes are not transparent to consumers. What are the implications for practitioners? PHI could be better engaged to play a more significant role in helping maintain consumer access to essential medicines.
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24

Sinha, Yashwant, Jo-anne E. Brien e Jonathan C. Craig. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and implications for paediatric prescribing". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 45, n. 6 (giugno 2009): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2009.01500.x.

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25

Doran, E., e D. Henry. "Pharmaceutical benefits scheme policy: confused and tough on patients". Internal Medicine Journal 36, n. 4 (9 marzo 2006): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01050.x.

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26

Allinson, Yvonne. "Pharmaceutical Funding Reforms: Proposed Introduction of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme into Public Hospitals". Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 30, n. 6 (dicembre 2000): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2000306254.

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27

Harvey, Ken. "Correction: Patents, pills and politics: the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Health Review 28, n. 3 (2004): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040381.

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Re: ?Patents, pills and politics: the Australia? United States Free Trade Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme?, by Ken Harvey, (Aust Health Rev 2004, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 218-226). Under the heading ?A brief history of patent law relevant to pharmaceuticals?, in the second paragraph, the second sentence was: ?Before TRIPS, many developing countries provided no patent protection on pharmaceutical products, or they recognised patents on products but not process?. The corrected version should be ?. . .process but not products?.
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28

Jarvinen, Kari A. J., Bradley J. McCall, Clare B. Nourse, Joe G. McCormack e Martyn H. Tilse. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme limitations on macrolides: implications for pertussis management". Medical Journal of Australia 184, n. 6 (marzo 2006): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00251.x.

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29

Day, Ric, Christine Y. Lu, Greg Pearce e David Grainger. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: Rapid Change and Impetus towards Achieving QUM". Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 37, n. 1 (marzo 2007): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2007.tb00644.x.

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Harvey, Ken. "Patents, pills and politics: the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Health Review 28, n. 2 (2004): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040218.

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There is tension between the need of the pharmaceutical innovator for intellectual property protection and the need of society for equitable and affordable access to innovative drugs. The recent Australia?United States Free Trade Agreement provides a nice illustration of this interplay between patents, pills and politics. This article provides a brief history of patent law as applied to pharmaceuticals, describes how the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme got caught up in AUSFTA negotiations, analyses the clauses that are likely to impact upon the PBS and describes the political process that reviewed and ultimately amended the AUSFTA.
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31

Lofgren, Hans. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and the shifting paradigm of welfare policy". Australian Health Review 21, n. 2 (1998): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980111.

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This paper describes the design and operation of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schemeand then proceeds with an analysis of current policy deliberations which identifiesan extension of the market as predominant trend. The paper demonstrates that theconditions which historically sustained the scheme are now present to a lesser extent.The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme has functioned as a universalist welfare programwhich conferred onto the Commonwealth Department of Health substantial powersvis-�-vis drug suppliers and professional groups. This position of dominance has beeneroded, with challenges to established arrangements arising, in particular, from theenhanced bargaining position of business and wider pressures operating on theKeynesian welfare state.
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32

Glasziou, Paul P. "Support for trials of promising medications through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 162, n. 1 (gennaio 1995): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb138409.x.

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33

Flecknoe‐Brown, Steve C. "Support for trials of promising medications through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 162, n. 8 (aprile 1995): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb139995.x.

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34

Lim, Stephen S., Theo Vos, Anna Peeters, Danny Liew e John J. McNeil. "Cost‐effectiveness of prescribing statins according to Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme criteria". Medical Journal of Australia 175, n. 9 (novembre 2001): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143676.x.

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35

Clarke, Philip M. "The pricing of statins and implications for Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme expenditure". Medical Journal of Australia 198, n. 5 (marzo 2013): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11439.

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36

Thai, L. P., J. R. Moss, B. Godman e A. I. Vitry. "Cost driver analysis of statin expenditure on Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 16, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2016): 419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737167.2016.1136790.

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37

Doran, Evan, Jane Robertson e Glenn Salkeld. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme cost sharing, patient cost consciousness and prescription affordability". Australian Health Review 35, n. 1 (2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10902.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objective. To assess patients’ prescription medicine cost consciousness and explore the implications of further cost sharing increases for affordability. Design and participants. A telephone interview survey of 818 randomly selected prescription medicine users (408 concession card holders, 410 general beneficiaries) resident in the Hunter Valley region of New South Wales, Australia. Main outcome measures. Degree of prescription cost consciousness; attitudes towards prescription use and cost sharing; self-rated capacity to manage further co-payment increases and differences between concession card holders and general beneficiaries in these measures. Results. The majority of participants were cost conscious medicine users who act responsibly towards medicine use and believe that cost sharing is appropriate. Although there were no differences in cost consciousness scores, card holders appeared more sensitive to prescription costs and increases. Conversely, general beneficiaries were more likely to report difficulties with cost (avoiding seeing a doctor, not collecting prescription medicines, stopping or reducing the dose of a prescribed medicine). Although almost 75% of respondents reported that a co-payment increase would cause financial difficulty, only 28% indicated this would change their medicine use. Conclusions. These results suggest that most Australian patients are cost conscious but many are also close to facing difficulties with prescription costs. Further increases in PBS cost sharing could compromise prescription affordability, particularly for general beneficiaries. What is known about the topic? Increased PBS cost sharing is intended to minimise unnecessary demand for prescription medicines while maintaining affordability. The key mechanism to achieve this – ‘cost consciousness’ – has not been investigated. What does this paper add? The paper provides patient level data on cost consciousness, attitudes to cost sharing and patient capacity to manage future increases in PBS cost sharing. What are the implications for practitioners? Australians are cost conscious. Further increases in PBS cost sharing make some patients even more cost conscious but may also erode affordability, particularly for general beneficiaries. A review of cost sharing is important and long overdue.
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38

O'Malley, Susanne P. "Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme — not always cost effective for the chronically ill". Medical Journal of Australia 205, n. 5 (settembre 2016): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja15.01123.

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39

Walker, Agnes. "Distributional impact of higher patient contributions to Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Health Review 23, n. 2 (2000): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000032.

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This paper uses NATSEM's Pharmaceutical Benefits Model to analyse the effects of a hypothetical25 per cent rise in patient contributions to prescribed medicines under Australia's PharmaceuticalBenefits Scheme (PBS). The model, based on microsimulation techniques, is able to provide a muchbroader range of outcomes information, at a much greater level of detail, than is possible withtraditional methods.Higher patient contributions are analysed in terms of their impact on the government to patient splitin PBS costs, as well as the distribution of such costs across age groups, family incomes, family types and36 prescribed medicine types. Also considered are changes in the shares of family disposable incomesspent on prescribed drugs arising from the higher patient contributions.
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40

Bortoletto, Diana A., Bryson J. Swan e Greg R. Weeks. "Patients' Attitudes to Discharge Medications Supplied under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 34, n. 4 (dicembre 2004): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2004344288.

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41

Robertson, Jane, Emily J. Walkom e David A. Henry. "Transparency in pricing arrangements for medicines listed on the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Health Review 33, n. 2 (2009): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090192.

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Australia?s system for assessing the cost-effectiveness of drugs for listing under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is recognised internationally. A variety of mechanisms, such as evidencebased rules for determining eligibility for initial or continuing subsidy, price-volume agreements, rebates, and caps on government expenditure are used to contain PBS expenditures. In this paper we assess the extent of use of special pricing arrangements in Australia and how and where they are communicated to health professionals and the community. We searched publicly available documents published by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Pricing Authority (PBPA). We found 73 medicines where special pricing arrangements had been applied and where prices appearing on the Schedule of Pharmaceutical Benefits might differ from those considered to be ?cost-effective? by the PBAC. Reporting of these special pricing agreements was inconsistent and generally non-transparent. In some, the lack of transparency may have reflected the desire of manufacturers to disguise the true negotiated price, lest it weaken their negotiation position in other jurisdictions.
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Probyn, Andrew J. "Some drugs more equal than others: pseudo-generics and commercial practice". Australian Health Review 28, n. 2 (2004): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040207.

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This article analyses the impact of the Department of Health and Ageing?s brand price premium policy for some products listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The policy, introduced in 1990, allows pharmaceutical companies to charge patients an out-of-pocket expense for post-patent brands of pharmaceuticals. One of the policy?s intended goals was to increase consumer awareness of price differentials between competing brands, with a view to encouraging greater use of cheaper generic products. More than fourteen years since its introduction, it is debatable whether the policy has achieved this aim. This article looks at how the brand price premium policy can be exploited by global pharmaceutical giants to entrench bigname brands in the Australian pharmaceutical market and, in some cases, prevent ?true? competition from generic pharmaceuticals. This is being done through the establishment of ?pseudogenerics? that are sourced from the same factory floor as the original product.
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Faunce, Thomas A. "Reference pricing for pharmaceuticals: is the Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement affecting Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme?" Medical Journal of Australia 187, n. 4 (agosto 2007): 240–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01209.x.

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44

Lopert, Ruth, e David Henry. "The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: economic evaluation works...but is not a panacea". Australian Prescriber 25, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2002): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2002.124.

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45

Harvey, Ken J., Anthony H. Harris e Liliana Bulfone. "The National Health Amendment (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) Bill 2007: reform or fracture?" Medical Journal of Australia 187, n. 4 (agosto 2007): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01199.x.

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46

Searles, Andrew, Susannah Jefferys, Evan Doran e David A. Henry. "Reference pricing, generic drugs and proposed changes to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Medical Journal of Australia 187, n. 4 (agosto 2007): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01208.x.

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47

Adams, Robert J., Sarah Appleton, David H. Wilson, Anne W. Taylor, Catherine Chittleborough, Tiffany Gill e Richard E. Ruffin. "Cholesterol-lowering therapy and the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: a population study". Australian Health Review 33, n. 2 (2009): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090325.

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Abstract (sommario):
Objective: The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) expanded the criteria for eligibility for subsidised lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in 2006. The aim of this study was to determine the use of LLT in a representative Australian population in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and the effectiveness of the therapy in meeting target levels. Design: Cross-sectional biomedical study with telephone interviews, questionnaires, clinical measurements, and PBS dispensing data. Subjects: Representative population sample of 4060 urban adults aged 18 years attending for the biomedical examination in 2001. Results: Of the 406 who qualified for PBS-subsidised LLT at that time, only 88 (21.5%) were actually on LLT. National Heart Foundation of Australia (NHF) recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of < 2.5 mmol/L were recorded in only 13% (528) of the population, and in 46.8% of those on LLT. Of those on LLT, 76% had total cholesterol < 5.5 mmol/L, but over 80% had total cholesterol levels above NHF-recommended levels of 4.0 mmol/L. Of the 842 classified at the highest CVD risk, only 26% were using LLT. Those aged > 60 years and on low incomes were significantly more likely to use LLT. The new PBS criteria will expand eligibility to include nearly 20% of adults. Conclusions: The majority of people at high risk of CVD were not receiving LLT, and LLT is not being used to its full effectiveness. People with low incomes or on government benefits or pensions were not less likely to use LLT than others under the PBS scheme. Whether higher copayments for those on low incomes who do not qualify for concessional payments is a significant barrier to LLT use needs further research.
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48

Faunce, Tom. "How the Australia-US free trade agreement compromised the pharmaceutical benefits scheme". Australian Journal of International Affairs 69, n. 5 (7 luglio 2015): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2015.1048785.

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Brown, Laurie, Annie Abello, Ben Phillips e Ann Harding. "Moving towards an Improved Microsimulation Model of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme". Australian Economic Review 37, n. 1 (marzo 2004): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.2004.00307.x.

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50

Jackson, John K. "Use of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in Private Hospitals: 1. Associated Problems". Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 31, n. 3 (settembre 2001): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr2001313194.

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