Tesi sul tema "Petite protéine"
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Rouhana, Jad. "Etude et modulation des interactions protéine-protéine : l’activation de la petite protéine G Arf1 par son facteur d’échange Arno". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13507/document.
Testo completoArf1 is a small GTPases, essentially involved in the vesicular traffic. Arf1 switch between two conformations, an active form bound to GTP and an inactive form bound to GDP. Arno is one of the exchange factors (GEF) that can activate Arf1, through its catalytic Sec7 domain, promoting the exchange of GDP by GTP. Activated in breast cancer cells, Arf1 plays an important role in the migration and proliferation of cancer cells.The aim of my thesis was the study and the modulation of the interaction between small G proteins and their GEFs, more precisely the Arf1-Arno interaction. My work has been planned around two axes: (1) the study of the interaction between Arf1 and Arno, and its modulation with a known inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA). (2) The development of a rational strategy for designing inhibitors of protein-protein interaction for the Arf1-Arno complex.In the first part of my PhD work, we set up a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) method allowing to determine the kinetic parameters of the interaction between Arf1 and Arno. We also studied the effects of allosteric partners such as GDP, GTP and Mg2+ as well as the known uncompetitive inhibitor (Brefeldin A). This SPR approach allowed a very informative analysis at qualitative and quantitative levels of the various complexes taking place during the exchange reaction that should help to solve the inhibitory mechanism for the known inhibitors reported in the literature. In the second part of my thesis, we propose a strategy for targeting the interaction between Arf1and Arno. This approach is based on virtual screening of fragments at hotspot regions. Using biophysical techniques such fluorescence techniques, SPR, NMR and X-Ray crystallography, we identified and validated Hits, showing by crystallographic structural data their modes of interaction with the target protein Arno. A fluorescence polarization test was also developed to identify false positive fragments to eliminate promiscuous aggregators. Taken together, our work proposes a method based on SPR allowing the study of known inhibitors of GEFs, understanding at molecular level their mode of action. We also propose a general strategy for finding Hit fragments that designing competitive inhibitor of the interaction small G protein with its GEFs, that can be the scaffold for designing more powerful inhibitors
Ben, Hamida-Rebaï Meriam. "Etude du mécanisme d'activation de la petite protéine G ArF1". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077042.
Testo completoArf1 is a member of the small-G-protein superfamily. Small G proteins are involved in various cellular functions such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal rearrangement and formation of transport vesicles. Small G proteins cycle in the cell between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. Activation of Arf1 occurs by GDP/GTP exchange. The activation reaction is catalyzed by exchange factors (GEFs) whereas inactivation is regulated by proteins of the GAP family. In our work, we used molecular dynamics simulations to better understand the mechanism of activation of Arf1 and the role of exchange factors in GDP ejection. We developed restrained molecular dynamics approaches to study GDP extraction from the Arf 1-GDP-GEF complex as well as the related conformational transition. We identified key residues and conformational changes involved during in the activation process. These methods also permitted a better understanding of the role of the magnesium ion in the mecanism of Arf1 activation. Our results showed that Mg ion stabilizes the GDP phosphates in the Arf1 binding site. In addition, it seemed to prevent the approach of critical residues in the exchange factor necessary for nucleotide ejection because of electrostatic destabilisation. It would seem to be necessary that this cation dissociate in order to permit the exchange factor to play its catalytic role in nucleotide ejection
Bruey, Jean-Marie. "Rôle de la petite protéine de stress HSP27 dans l'apopotose et la tumorigénèse". Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOMU01.
Testo completo[Pas de résumé en anglais]
Bouvet, Samuel. "Lipides et trafic : rôles de GBF1, facteur d’échange de la petite protéine G Arf1". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112172/document.
Testo completoThe eukaryotic cell physically separates its functions within several membrane-bound organelles, which communicate using vesicles. Vesicular trafficking is under the control of small GTPases that exist as an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. The switch between GDP and GTP is catalyzed by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). On cis-Golgi membranes, Arf1, activated by the large GEF GBF1, recruits the COPI coat. COPI coated vesicles ensure the retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER. Recently, GBF1 has been implicated in other pathways, such as the life cycle of various viruses and lipid droplet metabolism.Lipid droplets (LD), the major lipid storage organelle, play a major role in lipid homeostasis within the cell. LDs are connected to membrane trafficking and are therefore under the control of GTPases. In previous studies, our team showed that GBF1 localizes around LDs and that it is required for protein loading onto the LD surface. Here, data support the idea that GBF1 localizes to the LD surface. Using cell biology tools and microscopy, we identified, within GBF1, a lipid binding domain. In this domain, a single amphipathic helix is necessary and sufficient for LD targeting in cells. The regulation of GBF1 localization relies on interaction with Rab1 (data support a Rab1-Arf1 cascade between the ER and the Golgi) and on intramolecular interactions between GBF1 domains
Desrames, Alexandra. "Etude de la structure de la petite protéine d'enveloppe du virus de l'hépatite B". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077161.
Testo completoChronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents a major public health concern worldwide because an estimated 300 million individuals are affected. HBV is the prototype of the Hepadnaviridae family, a DNA virus with an envelope consisting of cell derived lipids associated to three types of transmembrane glycoproteins: S-, M- et L-HBsAg. S-HBsAg, the most abundant in the viral envelope, is the driving force of viral particle assembly, but it also bears in its ectodomain, an immunodominant determinant, referred to as the a-determinant, against which most of the neutralizing antibodies are directed. This antigenic determinant is also closely associated to an infectivity determinant responsible for interacting with cell surface heparan sulfate at the initial step of viral entry. As of today, we have little information on the structure of the antigenic loop (AGL) of the S-HBsAg protein that underlies the antigenic and function at viral entry. The aim of this thesis project was to gather information on the three dimensional organization of the AGL polypeptide, for a better understanding of its function at viral entry. The first step of the study was to identify the minimum subunit of the viral envelope, which bears the a-determinant. This was achieved using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that are specific for the a-determinant. We have shown most of the antibodies were: i) directed to conformational epitopes, ii) neutralizing, and iii) reactive with the dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. We concluded that most of a-determinant epitopes are conserved on the soluble dimeric forms of S-HBsAg. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence in the HBV envelope, of two isomers of S- HBsAg dimers, which can be separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by isomer-specific antibodies. We propose that the two isomers correspond to two distinct networks of disulfide bonds between the numerous AGL cystein residues. In an effort to obtain pure and homogenous preparations of S-HBsAg dimers, as substrate for crystallization, we adopted several strategies: i) production of S-HBsAg by in vitro translation, ii) production in E. Coli, and iii) the purification of viral particles from transfected Huh-7 cell culture medium or from infectious plasmas. The purification of S-HBsAg dimers from cell culture-derived particles clearly appeared as the strategy of choice, in terms quality and yield, and flexibility of the approach in case of S- HBsAg mutants analysis
Lebreton, Stéphanie. "Étude de la petite protéine G XralB au cours du développement embryonnaire de Xenopus Laevis". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066216.
Testo completoDuverger, Olivier. "Etude du rôle de la petite protéine de choc thermique HSP25 dans la différenciation cellulaire". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066104.
Testo completoSteuve, Séverine. "Contribution à la caractérisation de la Rhophiline-2, un nouveau partenaire d'une petite protéine G Rho". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210750.
Testo completoMoutaoufik, Mohamed Taha. "Étude de la structure et de la fonction de la petite protéine de choc thermique DmHsp27". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30306.
Testo completoSmall heat shock proteins are present in varying numbers in all organisms. In Drosophila melanogaster there are 12 sHsps, which have distinctive developmental expression patterns, intracellular localizations and substrate specificities. DmHsp27 is one of the very few sHsps that have a nuclear localization before and after heat shock. This nuclear localization is unusual, especially since no specific function has yet been identified. The mechanisms responsible for the nuclear localization of DmHsp27 and its function in the nucleus remain poorly understood. First, the study of DmHsp27 orthologs helped to determine that nuclear localization is not specific to DmHsp27 and other sHsps in insects have the same nuclear localization signal as DmHsp27. The DmHsp27 interaction network leads to believe that this protein does not only play the role of chaperone, but it is also involved in various nuclear processes. Second, unlike metazoan sHsps, DmHsp27 forms two populations of oligomers not in equilibrium. Mutations of highly conserved arginine residues in the ACD domain in mammalian sHsps has been reported to be associated with protein conformational defects and intracellular aggregation. Independent mutation of three highly conserved arginines (R122, R131 and R135) to glycine in DmHsp27 results in only one population of higher molecular weight form. In vitro, the chaperone-like activity of wild type DmHsp27 was comparable with that of its two isolated populations and to the single population of the R122G, R131G and R135G using luciferase as substrate. However, using insulin, the chaperone-like activity of wild type DmHsp27 was lower than that of R122G and R131G mutants. Finaly, we established the importance of the N-terminal region for oligomerization and we investigated the heat activation under in vitro experimental conditions using size exclusion chromatography and gradient native gels electrophoresis. By deletion strategy, we have examined the role of the N-terminal region and delineated a motif (FGFG) important for the oligomeric structure and chaperone-like activity of this sHsp. Deletion of the full N-terminal domain, resulted in total loss of chaperon-like activity; intriguingly deletion of the (FGFG) at position 29 to 32 or single mutation of G30R and G32R enhanced oligomerization and chaperoning capacity under non heat shock conditions using the insulin assay suggesting the importance of this site for chaperone activity. Unlike mammalian sHsps heat activation of DmHsp27 leads to enhanced dissociation/association of oligomers to form large structures about 1000 kDa. We suggest a new mechanism of heat activation for DmHsp27. In summary, this study characterized DmHsp27 and mutant in the alpha crystallin domain and the N-terminal region and provided an overview of a new protection mechanism. The role played by DmHsp27 as molecular chaperone and its induction during embryonic development, suggest that this protein may perform other important cellular functions
Koraïchi, Faten. "Etude de l'activation de la GTPase RhoB par complémentation split-GFP tripartite". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30081.
Testo completoRhoB is a small GTPase that is rapidly activated in response to growth factors and cellular stress. It regulates fundamental biological processes such as cell migration, angiogenesis, DNA repair, apoptosis and response to anticancer therapies. Small GTPases activity is tightly regulated by their subcellular localization. However, RhoB activation had never been investigated in living cells. In this work, we have adapted and validated an innovative method of protein-protein interactions analysis using tripartite split-GFP complementation, for the sensitive and specific detection of small GTPases activation in living cells. Then, we developed an optimized cellular model by combining the tripartite split-GFP technology with an anti-GFP intrabody fluorescence-enhancer to detect the regulation of RhoB activation with high spatial resolution. This biosensor highlighted the translocation of active RhoB from endosomes to accumulate at the plasma membrane upon serum stimulation, revealing a novel membrane signaling platform of RhoB. Future studies based on this biosensor will enable the analysis of RhoB activation profile and other small GTPases upon various stimuli or in different cellular contexts, as well as the identification of the GTPases partners and activation modulators
Guimond, Marie-Odile. "Analyse moléculaire de la localisation cellulaire de la petite protéine de choc thermique Hsp27 de Drosophila melanogaster". Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22332/22332.pdf.
Testo completoChaufour, Sylvain. "Fonctions de la petite protéine de stress humaine lors de traitements par des agents différenciants et chimiothérapeutiques". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10148.
Testo completoStasia, Marie-José. "Purification, caractérisation de la protéine kinase C du neutrophile bovin et mise en évidence d'un substrat potentiel ayant les caractéristiques d'une protéine G de petite taille". Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10041.
Testo completoGross, Grégori. "Modification des voies de repliement d’une petite protéine riche en ponts disulfure : la toxine alpha de Naja nigricollis". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0010.
Testo completoProtein folding is the last stage of genetic expression. The mechanism by which proteins acquire their 3D structure remains poorly understood. During my project,. I showed that the addition of one residue in one loop of the structure of toxin from Naja nigricollis slows its oxidative folding process down in vitro. This decrease in the folding rate is due to a switch of productive pathway. NMR analysis of folding intermediates enabled me to hypothesize a structural explanation for this kinetic modification. Additionally, in order to test the influence of vectorial folding on the folding of a small disulfide-rich protein in vitro, I developed a method using antibodies raised against various parts of the reduced protein. My results showed that one of these antibodies is able to inhibit the oxidative folding of toxin . This inhibition is reversible. Most interestingly, the use of this antibody modifies the folding pathway
Gross, Grégori. "Modification des voies de repliement d'une petite protéine riche en ponts disulfure : la toxine alpha de Naja nigricollis". Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364212.
Testo completoClément, Romain. "Influence de la petite protéine GTPasique Cdc42 sur la voie de sécrétion du canalCFTR dans des cellules épithéliales bronchiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2281/document.
Testo completoCystic Fibrosis is caused by CFTR gene mutations (p.Phe508del being the most frequently encountered). The CFTR protein functions as a chloride channel expressed at the plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Its productive folding in the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) is poorly efficient and unfolded proteins are therefore targeted to degradation. Nevertheless, a limited fraction of WT-CFTR acquires a native conformation and then progesses into the secretory pathway. In the case of Phe508del-CFTR, virtually all channels are degraded at this step except through corrector treatments. Under these conditions the mutant remains unstable at the plasma membrane (although it is functionnaly competent). Furthermore, it has been shown that fibrillar actin organization is involved in CFTR tethering to the cytoskeleton and channel stability. Moreover, the small GTPase Cdc42 promotes F actin nucleation. In the present study, we aimed at testing the involvement of Cdc42, and of some of its effectors, in WT-CFTR regulation in epithelial airway cells. In this context, Cdc42 pathway function was altered through pharmacological treatments or siRNAmediated depletions. Our results, mainly obtained via cell surface biotinylation assays, led us to propose that (1) Cdc42 is involved in misfolded CFTR degradation at early and late steps of the secretory pathway, and (2) Cdc42 pathway, through its F actin organization function, affects CFTR anchoring to the cytoskeleton and thus regulates its endocytosis
Paleotti, Olivia. "Rôle de la petite protéine G Arf6 et de son facteur d'échange Efa6 dans l'endocytose dépendante de la clathrine". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4027.
Testo completoArfs small G proteins are implicate in vesicular transport and actin reorganisation. They exist in two forms: an inactive form, bound to the GDP and an active form, bound to the GTP. Exchange factors activate Arfs and GAPs (GTPase Activating Protein) inactivate them. We worked on Arf6 and on its exchange factor Efa6 in cellular functions. During my PhD, I studied Arf6 in clathrin-dependant endocytosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are desensibilized by β-arrestins that link GPCRs to the endocytic machinery. We showed that Arf6 and Efa6 could both interact with β-arrestins. Moreover, Arf1 recruits the adaptator proteins (AP-1, 3 and 4) at the golgi membrane to form endocytic vesicles. We showed that Arf6 could recruit AP-2 complex at the plasma membrane in a GTP-dependent manner
Delerue, Thomas. "Etude du rôle de la protéine Msp1p dans la dynamique mitochondriale et le maintien de l'ADNmt chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30314.
Testo completoMitochondrial dynamics corresponds to a dynamic balance between two antagonistic forces of fusion and fission, which act on mitochondrial membranes. When fission prevails mitochondria appear fragmented, conversely when fusion predominates mitochondria form a filamentous and interconnected network. The main actors that control mitochondrial dynamics are large GTPases conserved from yeast to human. Dnm1p (DRP1) is involved in the fission of the outer membrane. Fzo1p (MFN1-2) and Mgm1p/Msp1p (OPA1) are involved in the fusion of the outer and inner membrane respectively. My team is interested in the protein Msp1p/OPA1 and showed a few years ago that loss of Msp1p in the fission yeast S. pombe induces mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) depletion and cell death. As a " petite negative ", S. pombe cannot tolerate the absence of mtDNA. To better understand the various role of Msp1p and their relationship, we searched for genetic and pharmacological suppressors of the lethality induced by Msp1p inactivation. We identified genetic suppressors by deleting the msp1+ gene by homologous recombination in various genetic backgrounds. In all strains, we found spontaneous mutations located in one of the 3 genes encoding mitochondrial fission proteins (dnm1+, fis1+, caf4+). These mutations suppress not only mitochondrial fragmentation but also mtDNA loss, suggesting that the role of Msp1p in mtDNA maintenance is a consequence of its fusogenic function. Thanks to chemical libraries screening, we identified 5 pharmacological compounds able to suppress the lethality induced by a Msp1p temperature-sensitive mutant, and characterized two of them. The first one suppresses both mitochondrial fragmentation and mtDNA loss and appears to target mitochondrial fission. The second one suppresses only mtDNA loss, suggesting that mtDNA maintenance is the only essential function of Msp1p. During this work I was also interested in the molecular mechanisms that could explain why S. pombe is " petite negative ". In the absence of mtDNA, the " petite positive " yeasts can survive because, unlike the " petite negative " yeasts, they are able to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential. Six alleles, named ptp and rzl, which allow S. pombe to live without mtDNA were previously described 20 years ago. We identified them by candidate gene and high-throughput sequencing approaches. These alleles correspond to mutated versions of genes encoding either subunits of ATP synthase or subunits of the proteasome. In the first case, this allows us to involve the reverse functioning of the ATP synthase and the ADP/ATP carrier in the restoration of the membrane potential thus converting S. pombe into a " petite positive " yeast. In the second case, various potentially involved mechanisms are proposed. The identification of ptp and rzl genes should allow a better understanding of the " petite positive/negative " properties that remain today rather unclear. Genetic and pharmacological suppressors able to suppress mtDNA loss with or without mitochondrial morphology recovery, represent interesting tools to understand the mechanisms that link mitochondrial dynamics to mtDNA loss. Furthermore, showing that the effects of the compound that we identified in yeast are conserved in mammals may have a therapeutic value. Indeed, mutations in OPA1, the Msp1p homologous in mammals, are responsible for an optic neuropathy
Paul, Catherine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires à la base des fonctions anti-apoptotique et tumorigénique de la petite protéine de stress Hsp27". Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10101.
Testo completoLe, Gallic Lionel. "Caractérisation génomique de la petite GTPase RhoG, régulation du promoteur et implication de la protéine dans la transmission du signal". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20223.
Testo completoCarriou, David. "Etude dynamique et structurale de biomolécules par microscopie à force atomique HS-AFM : application à une petite protéine de choc thermique sHsp". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873331.
Testo completoKomla-Soukha, Isabelle. "Morphogenèse du virus de l' hépatite delta : interactions entre la petite protéine S-AgHBs de l' enveloppe du virus de l' hépatite B et la protéine L-AgHD du virus de l' hépatite delta". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066104.
Testo completoSmadja-Lamere, Nicolas. "Rôle de la petite GTPase Rho et de ses effecteurs dans le programme de mort cellulaire induit par la protéine E4ORF4 de l'adénovirus". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26177/26177.pdf.
Testo completoSmadja-Lamère, Nicolas. "Rôle de la petite GTPase Rho et de ses affecteurs dans le programme de mort cellulaire induit par la protéine E4ORF4 de l'adénovirus". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20778.
Testo completoKlein-Mohsen, Stéphanie. "Rôle de la petite protéine G ARF6 et de son facteur d'échange dans la mise en place et le maintien des jonctions serrées". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4030.
Testo completoPolarity is a fundamental characteristic of epithelial and neuronal cells and is critical for various biological functions. In differentiated cells, like epithelial cells, plasma membranes are functionally divided into apical, lateral and basal membrane domains which differ in the compositions of integral membrane proteins and lipids. Tight junctions look like a fence in the most apical part of the lateral membrane and are probably the morphological counterpart of a localized diffusion barrier. Moreover, they seal the intercellular space between adjacent cells to prevent the diffusion of solutes through this intercellular space. The transmembrane proteins constituting these tight junctions are linked to components of the cytoskeleton and establish maintenance of adhesion between neighboring cells. In addition, a growing number of cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins associated with these junctions are involved in regulating diverse processes such as transcription, cell proliferation and cell polarity. ARF6 (ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6), a member of the ARF family of Ras-related small G proteins, regulates endocytosis between the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments in non-polarized cells and initiates cortical actin rearrangements at the cell periphery. ARF6 cycles between two conformational states: an inactive GDP- and an active GTP-bound state. The GDP/GTP exchange is controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factor proteins (GEF) and the hydrolysis of GTP controlled by GTPase activating proteins (GAP). In this work, we established that the exchange factor for ARF6 stimulates the polarized rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton during the establishment of tight junction and cell polarity. This regulation requires the coordinated action of the catalytic domain of the exchange factor to promote ARF6 activation and its C-terminal region to control actin cytoskeletal reorganization. My goal was to better understand ARF6 contribution in this function. Indeed, ARF6 is involved in plasma membrane/endosomes trafficking and cortical actin reorganization: so what are the contributions of these two functions in tight junction formation? Structural and biochemical studies of ARF6 led me to construct ARF6 mutants stably expressed in epithelial cells under the control of a tetracycline-repressible transactivator. I also established an inducible cell line with a ARF6 siRNA to reduce ARF6 expression. I studied biochemical properties of these mutants and observed their effects on cell morphology, intracellular trafficking of membrane receptors and in formation of tight junction. Results show that ARF6 GDP-GTP cycle is important for ARF6 function in recycling of proteins internalized in a clathrin-independent pathway and in formation of tight junction. However, ARF6 is necessary but not sufficient: actin reorganization and tight junction formation require the coordinated action of the C-terminal domain of the exchange factor of ARF6 and ARF6 cycling
Buosi, Vanessa. "Etudes structurale et dynamique de la petite protéine G ARF1 par RMNAnalyse de l'échange nucléotidique et des interactions avec le myristate et ARFGAP1". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112044.
Testo completoArf1 is a small G protein that plays a molecular switch role, regulator of signal transduction. It exists in two different structural states : bound to GDP (the inactive state) or to GTP (the active state) where Arf1 is bound to the membrane through its myristoylated helix. Activation of Arf1, by its exchange factor, follows an ordered sequence of structural events, which have been pictured by crystallographic snapshots. This activation leads to conformational changes of the protein, in presence of GTP, associated with a two register shift of the interswitch β- strands. However, how Arf1 rearranges its central β sheet, is not explained by available data. The first part of this work consisted on the structural and dynamical characterizations of GDP and GTP forms of Arf1, by liquid state NMR. Secondly, we investigated the interaction of Arf1 with a myristate. Finally, we analyzed the Arf1-ArfGAP1 complex
Dubroca, Caroline Monique Claire. "Etude de la mécanotransduction du tonus myogénique : voies de signalisation et implication physiopathologique". Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077065.
Testo completoBellaye, Pierre-Simon. "Rôle de la petite protéine de choc thermique alphaB crystallin dans la fibrogénèse pulmonaire et son implication dans la voie de signalisation du transforming growth factor - béta1". Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOMU06/document.
Testo completoIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has no effective current treatment. It is characterized by a sub-pleural onset and the presence of myofibroblasts, responsible for the excessive extracellular matrix synthesis. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 is considered as the major profibrotic cytokine. Its signaling pathway occurs through the Smads proteins, including Smad4. TGF-β1 allows the differentiation of lung fibroblasts and epithelial and mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts. AB-crystallin is a small heat shock protein overexpressed in liver, renal and vascular fibrosis and can be induced by TGF-β1. In this study, we assessed the role of αB-crystallin in pleural and pulmonary fibrosis. We show that αB-crystallin is overexpressed in the lung and the pleura of IPF patients. In vivo, in three pulmonary fibrosis models (bleomycin, TGF-β1 or IL-1β overexpression) αB-crystallin KO mice are protected from fibrosis with an inhibition of the TGF-β pathway. In vitro, in epithelial and mesothelial cells or fibroblasts, αB-crystallin increases Smad4 nuclear localization. Interacting with TIF1γ, responsible for the nuclear export of Smad4, it promotes the nuclear sequestration of Smad4 and thus its profibrotic activity. Instead, αB-crystallin inhibition allows the formation of the Smad4/TIF1γ complex and promotes Smad4 nuclear export an profibrotic activity. This work shows the importance of αB-crystallin in pleuro-pulmonary fibrosis and its role on the TGF-β1 pathway. AB-crystallin appears as a putative therapeutic target for IPF
Boulakirba, Sonia. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent l’interaction entre EFA6 et ses partenaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4081.
Testo completoThe small G protein Arf6 and its exchange factor EFA6 control numerous cellular processes such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling, vesicular transport and apico-basal cell polarity. They are also involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In this work we identify different mechanisms by which EFA6 interaction with its various partners is regulated. We have highlighted a direct interaction between the N-BAR domain of endophilin and the Sec7 domain of EFA6. We demonstrated that this interaction is regulated by the membrane curvature. EFA6 interacts and recruits endophilin on a flat lipid membrane whereas the protein complex does not occur in the presence of curved vesicules. We showed that endophilin stimulates the nucleotidic exchange activity of EFA6 on Arf6. Next we demonstrated that the catalytic activity of EFA6 is regulated by a negative feedback loop specifically mediated by the Arf6-GTP. We observed in the presence of Arf6-GTP a decrease of EFA6 catalytic activity and we showed that this effect was due to an interaction between Arf6-GTP and PH-C-terminal domain of EFA6. Finally we demonstrated an intramolecular folding between the C-terminal domain and the PH domain of EFA6 that controls the interaction of the C-terminus domain with various partners including β-arrestin and surprisingly the inactive GDP form of Arf6
Boulakirba, Sonia. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent l’interaction entre EFA6 et ses partenaires". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4081/document.
Testo completoThe small G protein Arf6 and its exchange factor EFA6 control numerous cellular processes such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling, vesicular transport and apico-basal cell polarity. They are also involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis. In this work we identify different mechanisms by which EFA6 interaction with its various partners is regulated. We have highlighted a direct interaction between the N-BAR domain of endophilin and the Sec7 domain of EFA6. We demonstrated that this interaction is regulated by the membrane curvature. EFA6 interacts and recruits endophilin on a flat lipid membrane whereas the protein complex does not occur in the presence of curved vesicules. We showed that endophilin stimulates the nucleotidic exchange activity of EFA6 on Arf6. Next we demonstrated that the catalytic activity of EFA6 is regulated by a negative feedback loop specifically mediated by the Arf6-GTP. We observed in the presence of Arf6-GTP a decrease of EFA6 catalytic activity and we showed that this effect was due to an interaction between Arf6-GTP and PH-C-terminal domain of EFA6. Finally we demonstrated an intramolecular folding between the C-terminal domain and the PH domain of EFA6 that controls the interaction of the C-terminus domain with various partners including β-arrestin and surprisingly the inactive GDP form of Arf6
Manero, Florence. "Étude de deux voies de modulation de l'apoptose : l'inhibition de l'apoptose par la petite protéine de stress Hsp27 et la stimulation par des anticoagulants de l'apoptose dépendante du récepteur Fas". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10092.
Testo completoRaoelijaona, Raivoniaina. "Compréhension des rôles des complexes Nob1/Pno1 et RPS14/Cinap dans la maturation cytoplasmique de la petite sous-unité ribosomique (pré-40S) chez les eucaryotes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0221/document.
Testo completoRibosomes are translational machineries universally responsible of protein synthesis. In eukaryote, ribosome assembly is a complex and highly regulated process that requires coordinated action of more than 200 biogenesis factors. Ribosome assembly is initiated in the nucleolus, continues in the nucleoplasm and terminates in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic maturation events of the small ribosomal subunit are associated with sequential release of the late assembly factors and concomitant maturation of the pre-rRNA. During final maturation of the small subunit, the pre-18S rRNA is cleaved off by the endonuclease Nob1, which activity is coordinated by its binding partner Pno1. Detailed information on pre-ribosomal particle architectures have been provided by structural snapshots of maturation events. However, key functional aspects such as the architecture required for pre-rRNA cleavage have remained elusive. In order to better understand these late steps of cytoplasmic pre-40S maturation, we first redefine the domain organization of Nob1, then study its binding mode with Pno1 using different tools such as sequence analysis, structure prediction and biochemical experiments and, we then performed functional assay to elucidate the role played by Pno1 during the pre-18S rRNA maturation.Our results have shown that eukaryotic Nob1 adopts an atypical PIN domain conformation: two fragments (res 1-104 and 230-255) separated by an internal loop, which is essential for Pno1 recognition. We also found out that Pno1 inhibits Nob1 activity likely by masking the cleavage site. Our findings further support the recently published cryo-EM structure of the pre-40S, where Nob1 displays an inactive conformation. Moreover, 18S rRNA 3’-end cleavage has to happen and this implies structural rearrangement or requirement of some accessory proteins such as Cinap, an atypical kinase involved in pre-18S processing. Studying the interplay between proteins localized in the pre-40S platform (RPS14, RPS26, Nob1/Pno1 complex) has shown that Cinap is able to form a trimeric complex with Nob1 and its binding partner Pno1. Furthermore, Cinap can recognize RPS26 in a RPS14-dependent manner, which had already been studied with its yeast counterpart. It is important to note that RPS26 is the ribosomal protein replacing Pno1 in the mature ribosome. Our finding clearly suggests a mechanism where RPS26 recruitment to the ribosome requires Pno1 dissociation. This exchange would be carried out by Cinap. Therefore, we can suggest a simplified model as follow: upon binding with Pno1, the newly formed complex (Cinap/Pno1) will trigger a conformational change, which will allow the endonuclease Nob1 to reach its substrate (D-site) and perform its cleavage resulting in mature 18 rRNA generation
Menetrey, Julie. "Etude structurale des petites protéines G : Rap2A dans un complexe non catalytique avec le GTP et Arf6 en complexe avec du GDP". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004186.
Testo completoViaud, Julien. "Conception de modulateurs des interactions protéine-protéine : application à la famille des petites protéines G de la famille Arf et leurs facteurs d'échange". Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13518.
Testo completoLuton, Frédéric. "Régulation de la polarité épithéliale par EFA6, facteur d'échange d'Arf6, et le système ubiquitine-protéasome". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00317619.
Testo completoLes cellules de la réponse immune cellulaire, les lymphocytes T, reconnaissent leur antigène spécifique à l'aide d'un récepteur multi-protéique, le complexe TCR/CD3. Le contrôle de son expression de surface est essentiel car le nombre de récepteurs stimulés par l'antigène et la durée de cette interaction déterminent la réponse fonctionnelle. Au cours de ma thèse au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, j'ai participé à l'étude des mécanismes qui contrôlent l'expression de surface du récepteur et son internalisation suite à l'interaction avec l'antigène. Ces travaux ont permis 1) de corroborer que l'expression de surface du complexe TCR/CD3 est dépendante de l'assemblage complet de toutes les sous-unités qui le composent, 2) et surtout d'aborder le lien entre voies de signalisation associées au complexe TCR/CD3 et son internalisation stimulées par la liaison d'un ligand spécifique.
Le récepteur aux poly-immunoglobulines (pIgR) exprimé à la surface des cellules épithéliales qui tapissent la cavité interne de nos organes transcytose les anticorps sécrétés dans le milieu basal vers le lumen. Ainsi, ce récepteur approvisionne-t-il continuellement les sécrétions mucosales en anticorps (pIgA et pIgM). La forte augmentation de la quantité d'anticorps produits en réponse à une infection nécessite un transport accru de ces anticorps vers les surfaces mucosales à protéger. Pendant mon stage post-doctoral à UCSF (University of California, San Francisco) j'ai contribué 1) à montrer que la liaison des pIgA au pIgR stimulait une voie de signalisation, 2) à décrire au niveau moléculaire le fonctionnement de cette voie de signalisation, 3) à montrer in vivo que cette voie de signalisation stimule fortement la transcytose des pIgAs.
Les épithéliums représentent une barrière à la pénétration d'agents pathogènes mais également une surface d'échange avec le milieu extérieur. Pour accomplir leurs fonctions les cellules épithéliales maintiennent un phénotype polarisé avec un coté orienté vers les tissus sous-jacents (pôle basal) et un autre tourné vers le milieu extérieur (pôle apical). Ces cellules doivent établir entre elles des contacts physiques pour maintenir la cohésion de l'ensemble du tissu qu'elles constituent. Les contacts cellulaires sont assurés par des molécules d'adhésion (E-cadhérine) qui se comportent comme des récepteurs couplés à des voies de signalisation transduisant notamment des signaux qui participent au maintien de la polarité épithéliale. Depuis mon arrivée à l'IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), j'ai mis au jour une nouvelle voie de signalisation associée aux molécules de E-cadhérine qui comprend un facteur d'échange (EFA6) et son substrat la petite protéine G Arf6. Cette voie de régulation contrôle notamment la mise en place de la structure moléculaire, appelée jonction étroite, qui régule les échanges paracellulaires de l'épithélium et contribue à la polarité épithéliale. EFA6, connecté à deux voies de signalisation qui agissent de façon coordonnée, participe à l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine qui soutient la jonction étroite. Par ailleurs, nous avons trouvé que le niveau d'expression d'EFA6 est étroitement régulé pendant le développement de la polarité. Cette régulation post-traductionnelle est assurée par la machinerie de dégradation cytosolique appelée système ubiquitine-protéasome. Nous avons identifié certains acteurs de cette voie de régulation et commencé de montrer son importance pour le développement et le maintien de la polarité épithéliale. Les résultats les plus récents pointent vers un rôle de ces protéines dans les cancers épithéliaux qui se caractérisent toujours par une perte de la polarité cellulaire.
Raux, Brigitt. "Développement d'inhibiteurs d'interaction protéine-protéine ciblant les protéines à bromodomaines : implications en épigénétique et dans le développement de cancers". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0521.
Testo completoBromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) are especially involved in the regulation of gene transcription and cell signalling. Their dysregulation lead to the development of pathologies, such as inflammatory, cardiovascular diseases, and more particularly cancers. BCPs involved in the recognition of acetylated lysine of the histone tails, through their BromoDomain(s) module(s) (BDs). Among the eight families of BCPs, my thesis project focuses on the “BET” family. This family comprises four proteins which are composed of a tandem of two BDs each belonging to the BD1 or the BD2 subfamily. The architecture of the central cavity of the BDs, qualified as "druggable", allows the emergence of these proteins as new promising epigenetic targets. To date, about twenty clinical trials targeting different types of cancer have been initiated for "pan-BET" molecules that target all the members of this family. However, "pan-BET" inhibition is clinically problematic because it impacts many transcriptional pathways and causes the appearance of resistant cells. My thesis project is part of the current challenge is to develop more selective inhibitors, for example towards the BET-BD1 subfamily or the BET-BD2 subfamily or ideally towards one single BD inside the BET family. The development of such "selective epigenetic probes" targeting BET family BDs should allow deciphering their role and mechanism of action in various biological processes. Identifying "drug candidates" should lead to new targeted therapies and overcome the resistances related to the use of pan-BET molecules
Guillemot, Jean-Claude. "Contribution à l'étude des petites protéines -G". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30216.
Testo completoMehlen, Patrick. "Les petites protéines de stress : des protéines qui contrôlent la mort cellulaire". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10275.
Testo completoGuzzo, Mathilde. "Contrôle dynamique de la polarité chez Myxococcus xanthus : évolution et architecture d'un système chimiotactique modulaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4078.
Testo completoThe bacterium Myxococcus xanthus forms multicellular structures called fruiting bodies to resist to starvation conditions. Fruiting body formation implies a chemosensory-like system, the Frz system which regulates directional changes through the simultaneous pole-to-pole relocalization of two motility systems, (A) and (S). During my PhD, I have worked on the connection between the Frz chemosensory-like system and the downstream regulators MglA and MglB in the control of polarity inversion. The cell polarity axis is established by (i) a Ras-like small G protein, MglA, which constitutes a branch node in the regulation of A and S motility systems at the leading cell pole, and (ii) its cognate inhibitor MglB that localizes at the lagging cell pole. We showed that MglA interacts directly and specifically with the cytoskeleton to promote assembly and disassembly of the A-motility machinery. Using an evolutionary approach, we elucidated the modular architecture of the Frz system and the implication of four regulatory domains to (i) connect the Frz system to the MglAB proteins, (ii) filter and (iii) amplify the signal. We now propose a mechanism for polarity inversion in which the independent action of two response regulators at each cell pole perturbs the interactions between a small-G-protein and its cognate inhibitor to trigger the conversion of a stable polarity axis into a biochemical oscillator. The regulation of directional movement in M. xanthus is an interesting emergent coupling between prokaryotes and eukaryotes regulators
Zeeh, Jean-Christophe. "Caractérisation biochimique et structurale d'inhibiteurs des facteurs d'échange des petites protéines G arf et Rho". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112206.
Testo completoSmall GTPases and exchange factors are potential therapeutic targets in many diseases. Their inhibition is a challenge because of the biochemical and structural complexity of the exchange reaction. It is therefore critical to identify “Achilles’ heel” that will help the discovery of new inhibitors. An important step is to characterize the inhibition mechanism and the specifity of known inhibitors. To date, six inhibitors of GEFs are known. In this work, I focused on the biochemical and structural characterization of four of them : BFA, LM11, SecinH3 and Tripa. In the first part of the work, I used Arf and Sec7 mutants and a BFA analogue to demonstrate the dual specificity of BFA for its GTPases and GEF targets. This specificity depends on a single Sec7 residue and may involve dynamics features of Arf. I was then involved in the characterization of LM11, an ArfGEF inhibitor discovered by in silico screening. I showed that LM11 inhibits Arf activation in cells and identified two residues in the Sec7 domain and one in Arf that are important for its activity. By using Arf and Sec7 constructs established for the BFA and LM11 studies. I went on to characterize the inhibition mechanism and specificity of SecinH3, an inhibitor of the cytohesin family of ArfGEFs discovery in 2007. Remarkably, we find that these three inhibitors act according to different mechanisms, and have different pattern of specificity for their Arf and ArfGEF targets. I finally studies the inhibition by an peptidic inhibitor of the activation of RhoA by an oncogenic RhoGEF called Tgat. These studies, altogether, suggest that GTPases and GEFs are suitable targets for inhibition, and that it should be possible to discovery inhibitors that target specific small GTPase/GEF pairs involved in diseases
Douguet, Dominique. "Etude des interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-ligand par bio- et chimie-informatique structurale : Identification de petites molécules bio-actives". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320089.
Testo completoLa modélisation par homologie permet d'obtenir un modèle tridimensionnel d'une protéine lorsque sa structure n'a pas été déterminée expérimentalement. Ma contribution dans ce domaine fut la réalisation du serveur @TOME avec le soutien de la GENOPOLE Languedoc-Roussillon (accessible à l'adresse http://bioserver.cbs.cnrs.fr). Ce serveur était le premier de ce type à avoir été développé en France. Le serveur @TOME rassemble et traite d'une manière automatique toutes les étapes nécessaires à la construction d'un modèle 3D d'une protéine. Cela inclut la reconnaissance du repliement, la construction des modèles protéiques et leur évaluation. Les résultats du CASP5 en 2005 (session internationale d'évaluation des méthodes de prédiction de la structure des protéines ; http://predictioncenter.llnl.gov/) ont montré que notre serveur utilisé en mode automatique propose des modèles très proches de la structure expérimentale lorsque l'identité de séquence avec la structure support est supérieure à 30%. Le serveur a été classé 26ième sur 187 groupes inscrits.
Dans un second temps, mes recherches m'ont permis de réaliser une base de données de complexes protéiques co-cristallisés, base fondatrice du projet DOCKGROUND. Ce projet de grande envergure, soutenu par le NIH depuis 2005, vise à établir un système intégré et dynamique de bases de données dédié à l'étude et à la prédiction des interactions entre protéines et permettre ainsi d'améliorer nos connaissances des interactions et de développer des outils de prédiction plus fiables. Ce travail a été effectué au sein de l'équipe du Pr. Ilya Vakser à l'Université de Stony Brook, NY, USA. Dans la réalisation de cette première base de données, un ensemble de programmes collectent, classent et annotent les complexes protéiques qui ont été co-cristallisés (données sur la séquence, la fonction, le repliement 3D, les particularités telles qu'une fixation à de l'ADN, ...). Ensuite, j'ai mis en œuvre une sélection dynamique des représentants des complexes contenus dans cette base. Les représentants sont essentiels pour éviter une surreprésentation de certaines familles de protéines. Cette base de donnée est accessible par Internet et est régulièrement mise à jour (http://dockground.bioinformatics.ku.edu). Le projet DOCKGROUND va être poursuivi par la réalisation de 3 autres bases de données qui s'ancreront sur la présente appelée ‘Bound-Bound'.
L'objectif principal de mes travaux est d'identifier de nouveaux composés bio-actifs afin de comprendre le fonctionnement de leur cible dans un contexte biologique. Les méthodes que j'utilise se basent sur la chémoinformatique, le criblage virtuel et le de novo ‘drug design'. Dans le cadre de ce dernier, j'ai mis au point un programme propriétaire LEA3D (‘Ligand by Evolutionary Algorithm' 3D). Le programme génère des petites molécules à partir de la combinaison de fragments moléculaires issus de drogues et de molécules ‘bio' (substrats ou produits de réactions enzymatiques). Le criblage virtuel basé sur la structure protéique et le de novo ‘drug design' par LEA3D, ont été appliqués avec succès à la thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPK) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec une équipe de chimistes et de biologistes de l'Institut Pasteur. De nouvelles familles d'inhibiteurs ont été identifiées dont un inhibiteur synthétique trois fois plus affin que le substrat naturel. Plusieurs publications et une demande de brevet couvrent les résultats de ces recherches. Dans la continuité de ces travaux, je m'intéresse maintenant, plus particulièrement, à développer des stratégies de criblages de fragments (molécules de petit poids moléculaire). Il a été montré que de petites chimiothèques contenant des petites molécules polaires sont plus efficaces pour identifier des touches. Ce travail doit être réalisé conjointement avec des criblages structuraux expérimentaux comme la RMN ou la diffraction des rayons X. Ces derniers se posent comme une alternative aux tests in vitro avec pour avantage de donner une information détaillée, au niveau atomique, des interactions entre le ligand et sa cible. S'ensuit une étape d'optimisation/maturation des touches en ligands plus élaborés et plus affins par l'utilisation d'outils de chémoinformatique.
Gummel, Jérémie. "Structures et mécanismes de formation de complexes polyélectrolyte-protéine". Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120315.
Testo completoThe mechanisms driving the formation of complexes made of charged polymeric chains (polyelectrolytes) and proteins, found in domains such as food engineering, pharmacology, or biology, lead to structures still poorly known. We studied them by Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and used deuterated polymer and contrast matching in solvents made of heavy water and light water. The protein is the lysozyme (positively charged at pH<11) and the polyelectrolyte is polystyrene sulfonate (PSS, always negatively charged). The ratio of charges brought ([-]/[+]) is an essential parameter. When it is close to 1, two structures can be obtained. One is a gel of PSS crosslinked by the proteins, that locally shrink the PSS chains but keep them in an entangled regime (semi-diluted). The other is made of dense globules (radius ~10 nm) with a fractal organisation at higher scale where the chains are too short and are in a disentangled regime (diluted) after being shrunk. This structure is very well defined and allows a deeper study: we have shown that the core of the globules has a null charge, that the species in excess in an electrostatic point of view stay in solution, possibly in a shell for the PSS chains, and that their size is fixed by the ionic strength. A specific measurement of the counterions has proved that they are ejected from the core of the complexes during their formation. The conformation of the chains inside the complexes has been measured using an adapted labelling. Finally when [-]/[+]>>1, a fluid and limpid transient network of proteins denatured by the PSS is obtained
Valette, Nicolas. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de petites protéines sécrétées chez les champignons lignolytiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0324/document.
Testo completoDuring the last decades, the enzymatic systems involved in wood degradation have been intensively studied in fungi. This has led to functional and biochemical characterization of the main extracellular enzymes that are involved in the process. However, other systems associated to the degradation mechanisms have been poorly studied. In particular, the detoxification and stress response pathways allowing the fungus to grow in and resist the toxic conditions that are associated to the degradative process are still unknown. This stress is mostly due to the presence of radicals and extractives. Extractives are putative toxic compounds produced as secondary metabolites in tree to enhance wood durability against biotic and abiotic attacks. A transcriptomic analysis performed in the laboratory highlighted the up-regulation of genes coding for small secreted proteins (SSP) in Phanerochaete chrysosporium in presence of oak extractives. The functions of these SSP are unknown in lignolytic fungi. My PhD project was focused on the characterization of one of these SSP (namely SSP1) of P. chrysosporium. The biochemical data revealed atypical features for SSP1. Indeed, it is able to form fibrilar structure, thanks to an alanine-rich and glycine-rich C-terminal domain. Moreover, we have shown that this protein exhibits β-glucuronidase activity in vitro which is dependent on its oligomerization state. Physiological data were obtained thanks to the obtention of SSP knock-out mutants in Podospora anserina. These mutants have growth defect in oxidizing stress condition and in presence of cell wall-disruptive compounds. Finally, the in silico analysis of SSP1 orthologues revealed the presence of this gene in genomes of saprophytic, ectomycorrhizal or pathogenic fungi, suggesting an indirect role of this protein in wood degradation processes, probably linked to the associated stress
Naissant, Bernina. "Rôles des petites protéines GTPase Rab11 dans l'interaction Hôtes/Parasites". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066204.
Testo completoMareuil, Fabien. "DaDiModO un algorithme génétique pour l'étude de protéines à domaines à l'aide de données de RMN et de SAXS : application à la protéine ribosomale S1 d'Escherichia Coli". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077191.
Testo completoTo increase our Knowledge about the biological properties of macromolecules, especially proteins, it is necessary to know their three-dimensional structures. About one thousand of different domains are sufficient to build most proteins and it is estimated that half of these domain structures is determined (Koonin et al. 2002). Eventually, it will be possible to obtain close models of protein domain structures. However the information concerning the relative position of the domains will always be missing. Hence, having a tool that finds the relative position of domains by using experimental data easy to obtain is a major issue. For that purpose, we have developed an algorithm that uses NMR and SAXS data to position the domains of a multi-domain protein. The main advantage of this tool is to leave the user free to choose the deformability of the domains. We validated our method on two test cases and thus showed that when the definition of domains is accurate enough and the experimental data are of fairly good quality, our program could approach the structural solution with an error of less than 1 A. We have then applied our method to the structural study of two fragments of the ribosomal protein S1 which is composed of six repetitions of the S1 domain. This study focused on the fragment; made of domains 3-4 and 4-5. The structure of the domain 4 was determined by NMR. The domain: 3 and 5 were obtained by homology modelling. Our study allowed us to validate a biologically relevant model of the fragment 3-5
Badilla, Lobo Adriana. "Characterization of a family of small proteins regulated by second messenger-binding riboswitches in Clostridioides difficile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL120.
Testo completoClostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in adults in industrialized countries. The pathophysiology of C. difficile is governed by complex regulatory networks, including RNA-based mechanisms like riboswitches. Riboswitches, located in the 5' untranslated region of mRNAs, bind specific ligands, inducing conformational changes that either promote or inhibit the expression of the downstream gene. In C. difficile, 16 riboswitches respond to the signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). C-di-GMP acts as a second messenger and is recognized as a central regulator controlling the transition from a free planktonic to a sessile lifestyle associated with biofilm formation and virulence factor regulation. Several of the c-di-GMP-responding riboswitches have been well-studied in C. difficile and shown to regulate genes involved in flagella formation, type IV pili assembly, biofilm development, adhesion, and the production of virulence factors such as toxins. Moreover, c-di-GMP inhibits sporulation in C. difficile, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this PhD work, we sought to characterize c-di-GMP-responding riboswitches that have not yet been studied. Our bioinformatics analyses revealed that 5 of them are located directly upstream of predicted genes encoding small proteins (SPs) of 58 amino acids. Interestingly, an alignment of these 5 proteins showed that they are almost identical in sequence. Moreover, a homology search uncovered two additional proteins of 60 amino acids, highly similar to the first five, though their genes are not preceded by a c-di-GMP riboswitch. This novel family of proteins is conserved across C. difficile strains but lacks homologs outside the species. We built a tagged version of one SP and detected it by immunoblotting of cell fractions, confirming its protein nature and revealing that it is primarily localized to the cell membrane.RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data demonstrated that c-di-GMP negatively regulates not only the expression of the 5 SP genes downstream of the riboswitches but also the 2 additional genes. Unexpectedly, we also observed that c-di-AMP, another cyclic dinucleotide primarily involved in osmoregulation, repressed the expression of all seven genes. We performed reporter assays in different strain backgrounds to explore how these small proteins are regulated by both c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP. These experiments indicated that c-di-GMP required the riboswitch for modulation of downstream gene expression. In contrast, c-di-AMP regulated their expression independently of the riboswitch by modulating the promoter activity. Thus, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP influence SP expression through distinct mechanisms.To investigate the role of these small proteins in C. difficile physiology, we overexpressed one SP and compared its transcriptome to that of the wild-type strain using RNA-seq. This revealed the upregulation of more than 100 genes involved in sporulation in the overexpressing strain. Consistent with these data, overexpression of this SP led to a hypersporulation phenotype. Furthermore, deletion of all 7 SP genes (Δ7 mutant) resulted in a significant reduction in sporulation, with intermediate phenotypes in strains where only some of the SP genes were deleted. Interestingly, the sporulation defect in the Δ7 mutant was mirrored in a strain producing elevated levels of c-di-GMP, suggesting that the impact of c-di-GMP on sporulation could be mediated by SP regulation. To test this hypothesis, we created a Δ7 mutant producing high concentrations of c-di-GMP. The sporulation defect in this strain was equivalent to that of the Δ7 mutant unaffected in its c-di-GMP production, indicating that the effects of SP gene deletions and c-di-GMP overproduction were not cumulative.Overall, our findings demonstrate that this novel family of small proteins is regulated by both c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP and plays a key role in controlling sporulation in C. difficile
Mouaikel, John. "Caractérisation de la protéine Tgs1, l'hyperméthylase de la coiffe des petits ARN nucléaires". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20070.
Testo completoSimon, Stéphanie. "Implications des petites protéines de stress dans les maladies dégénératives humaines". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077061.
Testo completoSmall heat shock proteins or small stress proteins constitute the first defensive line against stress (environmental, physiologie or pathologie). Mutations in small stress proteins (αB-crystallin, αA-crystallin, Hsp22 or Hsp27) are associated with several human degenerative diseases as Myofibrillar Myopathies, Cardiomyopathies, Cataracts, distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. During my PhD, I screened a cohort of 80 patients for mutations in the αB-crystallin gene. No mutations were found but a polymorphism in a spicing site of intron 2 (donor site) was identified. On the other hand, my results indicate that the phosphorylation profile of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 are modified in function of the genetic origin in Myofibrillar Myopathies. I also established that the residue arginine in position 120 of αB-crystallin sequence has a crucial impact on the quaternary structure, the location and the in vitro chaperone-like activity of the protein. Finally, I have established that pathological associated mutations in αB-crystallin or Hsp22 lead to modified interactions of those proteins with the other small stress proteins. Those altered interactions could be implied in the in vivo loss of functions of the mutated proteins and so, in the development of the associated diseases
Reymond, Philippe. "Les protéines RGK, des petites protéines G atypiques : caractérisation structurale et biochimique du cycle GDP/GTP de Rem2". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066626.
Testo completoRGK proteins are a family of small GTPases, mainly involved in the cellular morphology and migration. They possess large extensions in N- and C-terminus of the minimal G domain that are able to recruit different partners. RGK proteins show conserved substitutions at key positions for the recognition and hydrolysis of the GTP, as the [DTAGQ] motif replacing by a [DxWEx] motif. These elements raise several questions like the capacity of the RGK proteins to sense presence of the GTP or a possible conformational change of the Switch regions during the GDP/GTP cycle. Structure determination of the G domain of the RGK proteins highlights the [DxWEx] motif as the origin of these atypical structural properties. Goals – My thesis consisted to complete the structural characterization of the RGK proteins by studying the GTP binding ; the role of the extensions and the interaction with two of their partners, the Calmodulin and GMIP. Results – We highlighted that extensions are disordered regions which prevent the study of the full RGK proteins in solution. We studied kinetic properties of the GDP/GTP cycle of the G domain of Rem2 (wild type and a mutant of the [DxWEx] motif) and solved the structure of Rem2 bound to the GDP. Conclusion – This work highlights the flexibility of the Switch regions without their extensions and suggests that tryptophan of the [DxWEx] motif is an important feature. It causes a drastic rearrangement of the Switch I that cannot fold back on the nucleotide site and constrains the beginning of the Switch II to adopt a particular conformation
Fortemaison, Nathalie. "Régulation et rôle des petites protéines G Rho dans la cellule thyroïdienne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211107.
Testo completoLe but de notre thèse est d'investiguer, dans les cellules thyroïdiennes de chien en culture primaire, l'implication des protéines de la famille Rho et de l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine dans les actions diverses que la TSH exerce, via l'AMPc, sur la morphologie, la prolifération, la différenciation et la fonction des thyrocytes de chien en culture primaire.
Trois cascades conduisant à la mitogénèse coexistent dans la cellule thyroïdienne de chien: la voie de l'AMPc stimulée par la TSH ou la forskoline (activateur direct de l'adénylate cyclase), la voie des facteurs de croissance (tels que l'EGF, l'HGF) activant leur récepteur à activité tyrosine kinase et la cascade dépendante de la protéine kinase C activée par les esters de phorbol (TPA). Contrairement aux voies indépendantes de l'AMPc qui répriment l'expression des caractéristiques de différenciation, la cascade de l'AMPc stimule à la fois la prolifération, l'expression des gènes de l'état différencié et la fonction (iodation, formation d'H2O2, sécrétion hormonale).
Dans la cellule thyroïdienne de chien, les agents activant les cascades dépendantes et indépendantes de l'AMPc ont des effets différents sur l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine. La TSH/AMPc et le TPA induisent une destruction des microfilaments d'actine et un "ruffling" membranaire, tandis que les autres agents (insuline, EGF, HGF, sérum) ne modifient pas le réseau de fibres d'actine (fibres de stress) présent dans les cellules quiescentes.
Parmi les protéines de la famille Rho, RhoA, Rac1 et Cdc42 sont les premières à avoir été identifiées et sont actuellement les mieux caractérisées. Nous montrons que la TSH, via l'AMPc, induit une diminution de la concentration de la forme active des protéines Rac1, Cdc42 et RhoA. En revanche, les autres agents mitogènes, tels que l'EGF et le TPA, qui activent des voies indépendantes de l'AMPc, n'affectent pas les taux de Rac1 et Cdc42 activés, mais augmentent le taux de RhoA-GTP. L'activation ou l'inactivation des protéines RhoA, Rac1 et Cdc42 est donc un nouvel élément distinguant les voies dépendantes et indépendantes de l'AMPc.
Grâce à deux toxines bactériennes, la toxine B qui inactive les protéines Rho et la toxine CNF1 qui au contraire les active, nous montrons que, dans les thyrocytes, celles-ci jouent un rôle critique dans l'organisation du cytosquelette, dans la transition G1-S, dans l'expression des gènes de différenciation Tg, ThOXs, NIS et TPO, mais pas dans la génération d'H2O2.
En effet, l'activité d'un ou plusieurs membres de cette famille est nécessaire à l'entrée des thyrocytes en phase S et à la phosphorylation de la protéine pRb, étape pré-requise à la transition G1-S. L'activation de ces protéines n'induit cependant pas, à elle seule, la prolifération. Nous mettons également en évidence l'existence d'un nouveau mécanisme par lequel ces protéines contrôleraient l'activité des complexes cycline D3-CDK4 indépendamment de leur assemblage. Par l'utilisation de la dihydrocytochalasine B, qui comme la toxine B via l'inactivation des Rhos, désorganise le cytosquelette, nous démontrons que l'intégrité de celui-ci n'est pas requise pour la progression des thyrocytes en phases G1 et S. L'inactivation des protéines Rho est par contre nécessaire à l'induction, par l'AMPc, de l'expression des gènes de différenciation incluant Tg, ThOXs, NIS et TPO, puisque ce processus est inhibé par la toxine CNF1. De plus, l'inactivation des Rhos par la toxine B, ainsi que le désassemblage des fibres de stress et du cytosquelette induit par la dihydrocytochalasine B, suffisent à imiter l'induction dépendante de l'AMPc de Tg et ThOXs, mais pas de NIS et TPO. La toxine B et la dihydrocytochalasine B imitent aussi l’effet de la voie TSH/AMPc sur l’accumulation de p27kip1. Enfin, nous montrons que l'augmentation de la production d'H2O2, nécessaire à la synthèse des hormones thyroïdiennes, ne requiert pas l'activité de la protéine Rac (ni des autres protéines de la famille Rho) alors que celle-ci joue un rôle déterminant dans la génération d'H2O2 dans le leucocyte.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation biologie moléculaire
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