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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pests"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 16 novembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pests"

Koehler, Philip G. "Urban Pests and Pest Management". EDIS 2015, n. 2 (13 marzo 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1073-2013.

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The warm southern states provide an ideal environment for a wide variety of pests — and because almost everyone has problems with pests, most urban areas are sprayed with pesticides. 30 to 40 percent of pesticide use is in urban areas, but most pesticide applications are unnecessary and can result in environmental contamination and human exposure to pesticides. This 5-page fact sheet from Pests in and around the Southern Home (SP486) introduces integrated pest management practices that can help reduce pesticide use in the home. Written by P.G. Koehler and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, October 2013. SP486A/IN1073: Urban Pests and Pest Management (ufl.edu)

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Jarvis, Peter J. "Urban Cats as Pests and Pets". Environmental Conservation 17, n. 2 (1990): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900031982.

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Grieshop, James I. "Licking Pests: Pest Management and Postage". American Entomologist 36, n. 4 (1990): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/36.4.283.

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Momunova, G. "Fruit Trees Pests and Pest Control". Bulletin of Science and Practice, n. 6 (15 giugno 2023): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/91/17.

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Currently, pests cause great harm to fruit trees. 22 pests damaging fruit trees were identified and their species composition was determined. Some of them, under favorable conditions, multiply abundantly and damage the fruits, trunks, roots, branches and leaves of trees. In gardens, depending on the number of species, biological characteristics, harmfulness and nature of damage, the following activities can be carried out: 1) agrotechnical; 2) physical and mechanical; 3) biological methods. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of predominantly biological methods in pest control. Chemical methods of pest control have lost their effectiveness in recent years. This is due to the fact that in the course of the fight against this or that pest, hundreds and thousands of beneficial insects also disappear in nature. Not only that, but the birds that feed on them, etc., the animals are also poisoned, and their numbers are decreasing. Большой вред плодовым деревьям наносят их вредители. Выявлено 22 вредителя, повреждающих плодовые деревья, и определен их видовой состав. Некоторые из них при благоприятных условиях обильно размножаются и повреждают плоды, стволы, корни, ветви и листья деревьев. В садах, в зависимости от количества видов, биологических особенностей, вредоносности и характера повреждений, можно проводить следующие мероприятия: 1) агротехнические; 2) физико-механические; 3) биологические методы. В последние годы большое внимание уделяется использованию в борьбе с вредителями преимущественно биологических методов. Химические методы борьбы с вредителями в последние годы утратили свою эффективность. Это связано с тем, что в ходе борьбы с тем или иным вредителем в природе также исчезают сотни и тысячи полезных насекомых, птиц и т. д. Количество животных также уменьшается.

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Khudarganov, Kamoladdin, Nizom Azimov e Jurabek Yakhoev. "Guidelines On Pest Risk Analysis: Decision-Support Scheme For Quarantine Pests". American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, n. 12 (30 dicembre 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue12-02.

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This standard is based on ISPM No. 11, «Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests, including an analysis of environmental risks and risks posed by living modified organisms». It provides detailed instructions for the following stages of pest risk analysis (PRA) for quarantine pests: preparatory stage, pest categorization, assessment of the likelihood of introduction, assessment of potential economic consequences and assessment of pest risk management. It contains a framework, based on successive questions, to decide whether an organism has the characteristics of a quarantine pest and to determine, if necessary, possible management options.

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Tindall, Gillian. "Animals in the Home: Pets or Pests?" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 79, n. 12 (dicembre 1986): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688607901223.

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Morgan, D., e Mike G. Solomon. "PEST-MAN : A FORECASTING SYSTEM FOR ORCHARD PESTS". Acta Horticulturae, n. 416 (giugno 1996): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.416.34.

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Kirkwood, J. K. "Animals at Home – Pets as Pests: A Review". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, n. 2 (febbraio 1987): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688708000212.

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O'CONNOR, T. P. "Pets and pests in Roman and medieval Britain". Mammal Review 22, n. 2 (giugno 1992): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00126.x.

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Ito, Hiroshi C., e Natsuko I. Kondo. "Biological pest control by investing crops in pests". Population Ecology 54, n. 4 (26 maggio 2012): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-012-0325-6.

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Tesi sul tema "Pests"

Krivokapa, Dina. "Pests in Malmö, a study of pest management structures in an urban environment". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22345.

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This research is a study of pest management systems in Malmö. Malmö is, as many other cities, growing and a node of people's movement. Occurrences of pests have increased in the last decade; this increase is attributed to travel as well as construction and building.What this paper shows is that the structures of pest management must evolve to be more communicative and collaborative. The thesis also adds to the housing crisis debate, as pests in one’s housing have a physical as well as psychological effect.

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Gouge, Dawn, Tom Green, Marc Lame, Mark Shour, Janet Hurley, Lynn Braband, Sherry Glick, Fudd Graham e Kathy Murray. "Integrated Pest Management: The Most Effective Way to Manage Pests in Your School!" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146705.

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Paulson, Matthew David. "Seasonal dispersal of pests". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529837.

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Triantafillou, Peter. "Governing pests, pesticides and farmers in Malaysian agriculture : a genealogy of modern pest control /". Roskilde : Institute of Geography and Development Studies, Roskilde University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1800/456.

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Ramasodi, Robert Mooketsa. "Pest risk analysis on hand luggage at OR Tambo International Airport a case study of flights from Cameroon, India and Kenya /". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-104221.

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Terry, Alan J. "Control of pests and diseases". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505965.

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Schirocki, Anke Gabriele. "The effect of temperature on invasion and pathogencity of entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda: Rhabditida) to larvae of Galleria mellonella and Otiorhynchus sulcatus". Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308061.

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Lemessa, Debissa. "Pests and pest controlling organisms across tropical agroecological landscapes in relation to forest and tree-cover". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102849.

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A major challenge in agroecosystems is how to manage the systems so that it reduces crop pests and enhances natural pest control. This thesis investigates patterns of crop pests and top-down effects of birds and arthropod predators in relation to land-use composition across spatial scales. In paper (I) I examined the crop distribution and land-use types in relation to the crop raiding patterns in 15 transectsin sites close to and far from forests along with a questionnaire survey at household level. I found severe crop raiding close to forests, but it had no impact on crop composition growing between the two sites. In paper (II) I examined the effect of forest and tree cover, at local and landscape scales, on the abundance of arthropod predators by collecting specimens from 40 home gardens. My result showed higher abundance of arthropod predators when either the home garden or the surroundings had a high tree-cover, compared to when tree-cover at both scales was similarly either high or low. In paper (III) I investigated the effect of excluding birds and arthropod predators on leaf damage on rape seed in 26 home gardens. I found stronger top-down impacts from arthropod predators on crop pests in tree-poor gardens than in tree-rich gardens. There was no effect of birds. In paper (IV) I explored the effect of landscape complexity on bird and arthropod predation using plasticine caterpillars in 36 home gardens across landscapes. The rate of arthropod predation on caterpillars was higher in simple than in complex landscapes. The rate of bird predation did not vary between complex and simple landscapes. In simple landscapes, arthropod predation was higher than that of birds. The overall results suggest that simplified gardens/landscapes still have enough habitat heterogeneity to support arthropod predators for the significant top-down controlling effect on crop pests. However, I did not find clear effect of complexityon the top-down effect of birds.

At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript; Paper 3: Manuscript; Paper 4: Manuscript

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Cameron, Emilie C. "Fruit Fly Pests of Northwestern Australia". University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1711.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD),
Until recently, Northwestern Australia was thought to be relatively free of serious fruit fly pests. Although a noxious strain, present in Darwin since 1985, was widely believed to be an infestation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, from the East coast, the fruit flies present outside this area were believed to be the benign endemic species, B. aquilonis. However, during the year 2000, infestations of fruit flies were discovered on major commercial crops in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. It was not known whether these outbreaks were due to an invasion of the major pest species, Bactrocera tryoni, a change in the behaviour of B. aquilonis, or a hybridisation event between the two species. Finding the source of these outbreaks has been complicated by the fact that, since B. tryoni and B. aquilonis are virtually indistinguishable morphologically, it was not known which species are present in the region. Traditionally any tryoni complex fly caught in the Northwest was called B. aquilonis based solely on location. In order to get a good population profile of the region, an extensive trapping program was set up to include flies from urban areas, commercial crops and natural areas where the benign strain is thought to remain. Tests of genetic differentiation and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the Northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. The Northwest samples were genetically differentiated from the Queensland samples but only to a small degree (FST =0.0153). MtDNA sequencing results also showed a small degree of differentiation between these regions. A morphological study of wing shape indicated that there are some minor identifiable morphological differences between East coast and Northwest laboratory reared flies. This difference was greater than that seen between B. jarvisi populations across the same geographic range. The results suggest that the flies caught in the Northwest are a separate population of B. tryoni. Soon after pest flies were discovered in Darwin, a population became established in Alice Springs. This population had a low genetic diversity compared with Queensland and Darwin populations, and showed evidence of being heavily founded. In 2000, an outbreak was discovered in the nearby town of Ti Tree. Due to the geographic and genetic similarity of these populations, Alice Springs was determined to be the source of the Ti Tree outbreak. To investigate the founding of these populations, a program was developed to estimate the propagule size. Using a simulation method seven different statistics were tested for estimating the propagule size of an outbreak population. For outbreaks originating from populations with high genetic diversity, the number of alleles was a good estimator of propagule size. When, however, the genetic diversity of the source population was already reduced, allele frequency measures, particularly the likelihood of obtaining the outbreak population from the source population, gave more accurate estimates. Applying this information to the Alice Springs samples, it was estimated that just five flies were needed to found the major population in and around Alice Springs. For Ti Tree, the propagule size was estimated to be 27 flies (minimum 10). In 2000, a much larger outbreak occurred in the developing horticultural region of Kununurra in northern Western Australia. An important question for the management of the problem is whether there is an established fly population or the flies are reinvading each year. This population was found to have a large amount of gene flow from the Northern Territory. Within the Kununurra samples, one group of flies was genetically differentiated from all the other samples. This group came from a small geographic area on the periphery of Kununurra and appeared to be the result of an invasion into this area at the time when the population was building up following the dry season. A further threat to the Northwest horticultural regions comes from B. jarvisi. A recent increase in the host range of this species has lead to speculation that it may become a greater pest in Northwestern Australia. At the present time, protocols for the population monitoring and disinfestation of this species are not in place. Here it is shown that B. jarvisi eggs are more heat tolerant than B. tryoni eggs and that monitoring of B. jarvisi populations is possible using cue lure traps placed according to fruiting time and location of their favoured host, Planchonia careya.

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Melander, Margareta. "Transgenic resistance to pathogens and pests /". Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a496.pdf.

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Libri sul tema "Pests"

Bio Integral Resource Center (Berkeley, Calif.), a cura di. Least-toxic pest management: fabric & paper pests. Berkeley, CA: BIRC, 1991.

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Fichter, George S. Insect pests. New York: Golden Press, 1987.

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Antonelli, Arthur L. Dooryard pests. [Pullman, Wash.?]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1991.

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Antonelli, Arthur L. Houseplant pests. Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1988.

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Christiansen, Per. Pests & parasites. Pleasantville, NY: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2009.

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Antonelli, Arthur L. Houseplant pests. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1989.

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Durden, Christopher J. Museum pests. Austin, TX: Dr. Chris Durden, 1993.

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Antonelli, Arthur L. Houseplant pests. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1990.

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Great Britain. Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland., a cura di. Pests.: Animals. [Belfast]: Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, 1995.

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Books, Time-Life, a cura di. Pests & Diseases. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1995.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pests"

Lasa, Rodrigo, Andrea Birke, Larissa Guillén, Martín Aluja e Daniel Carrillo. "Pests." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 249–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0013.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on major pests of guava in the different production areas of the world. The most important insects and mites have been grouped into six categories that have been divided according to different species and their importance across the different guava-producing regions. The chapter also emphasizes the basic features of each group related to their feeding damage, biology, behaviour, ecology and biorational pest management strategies. Minor pests are also listed. It is suggested that the main focus of pest control measures should be targeted towards fruit flies, some coleopteran and lepidopteran species that bore fruit and stems, and some minor pests that include scales, mealybugs, thrips, whiteflies and mites that increase guava production costs and reduce fruit quality and yields.

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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira e Daniel D. Dye II. "Sporadic pests." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 93–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0012.

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Abstract This book chapter discusses sporadic pests. Other insects like thrips, leafhoppers, brown marmorated stink bugs, boxelder bugs and many other beetles that invade structures are huge problems for customers, but very difficult to prevent or control. Sporadic pests are usually insects or other arthropods that people in frequently encounter or that live and breed outside and then enter a building in large numbers. Many times, people are not familiar with these pests and think they may cause significant damage to their structures or endanger them by stinging or biting. The key to solving problems with sporadic pests is to determine the source and cause of the problem. Other sporadic pests originate in decaying organic matter on the ground. Cicada killer wasps, umbrella wasps, and velvet ants are examples of ones that people may encounter in urban areas. Although these sporadic pests may be "minor" pests to the pest management technician, they can be considered a huge problem to the customer. For instance, millipedes have mass migrations from their breeding grounds when weather or soil conditions change.

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Cooke, D. A. "Pests". In The Sugar Beet Crop, 429–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0373-9_11.

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Mani, M., C. Shivaraju e Narendra S. Kulkarni. "Pests". In The Grape Entomology, 9–166. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1617-9_3.

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Gowen, S. R. "Pests". In Bananas and Plantains, 382–402. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0737-2_13.

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Berlinger, M. J. "Pests". In The Tomato Crop, 391–441. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3137-4_10.

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Neve, R. A. "Pests". In Hops, 115–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3106-3_6.

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Ferracini, Chiara. "Pests". In The Chestnut Handbook, 317–41. Title: The chestnut handbook : crop and forest management / [edited by] Gabriele Beccaro, Alberto Alma, Giancarlo Bounous, José Gomes-Laranjo. Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445606-12.

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West, P. W. "Pests". In Growing Plantation Forests, 147–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01827-0_10.

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Leath, K. T., G. D. Griffin, J. A. Onsager e R. A. Masters. "Pests". In Cool-Season Forage Grasses, 193–228. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr34.c7.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pests"

Bacal, Svetlana. "New contributions to the knowledge of honey bee (Apis Mellifera) pests". In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.24.

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The paper aimed to identify the pest complex facing Apis mellifera, in autumn and winter, based on an apiary in Tomai, Leova district. In the presence of pests, 60 bee families were checked during the sanitation and feeding work of the bees, between April and May. A total of 3 species of pests have been identified, that cause damage to bees and honeycombs. Each identified species also contains information on the origin of the species, diet, range, some biological features, methods of detection and protection against these pests. Strict monitoring of pests can help to avoid negative effects on apiaries without losing bee families and their products.

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Bagrov, R. A. "SECONDARY POTATO INSECT PESTS: BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT". In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house RGAU-MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-94.

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A biology of number of potato pest insects species is described, which usually considered secondary, but in recent years showing increasing harmfulness: cutworms, armyworms, blister beetles, spider mites. General measures for the management of these pests are briefly presented.

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Иордосопол, Елена, e Валентина Маевский. "Новые аспекты в комплексе паразитов чешуекрылых вредителей сливы и этологии сливовой толстоножки". In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.12.

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This work contains information on the role of nectar-bearing grasses in attracting parasites of the main plum pests, their localization and the formation of entomological microreserves, comparing it with the seasonal dynamics of the number of the main plum pests Grapholitha funebrana Tr, G. molestae B, Anarsia lineatela L. On the ethological aspects of the stone fruit pest of the plum Eurytoma schreneri S. in comparison to different varieties of plum.

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Mishchenko, Andrey V. "ON THE ISSUE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF MINING INSECTS OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA". In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-55-56.

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Jaya, V. Durga, e N. Poornima. "Pest Classification with Deep Learning and ReactJS". In International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-f43wx1.

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Pests are the biggest problems faced by farmers. The main objective of Pest classification with deep learning and ReactJS paper is to create a website that takes in input in the form of images from the user and tries to classify them into various pests (mainly 9 different classes). For the classification of pests, three deep learning models were chosen and trained. Their performance is compared and the best performing model is deployed in a form of a website with a good and intuitive user interface. The user interface was created with React (javascript framework), Sass, and TensorFowJS (A deep learning library designed especially for javascript developers). The deep learning models that are selected, trained, and evaluated in this paper are VGGnet-16, ResNet-152, and MobileNet. MobileNet has provided the highest accuracy of 99.80%.

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Chenikalova, E. V., e V. A. Kolomytseva. "BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE COTTON MOTH UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF WARMING CLIMATE". In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-44.

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The cotton bollworm is one of the most important polyphagous pests of agricultural crops with a wide range and food connections. The increase in the number of the pest, the development of additional facultative generations, the expansion of its range to the north to the forest-steppe zone of Russia, as well as the rise to the Caucasus mountains, occurring in the current period, is due to climate warming and a number of agro-ecological reasons. Measures are proposed to regulate the number of pests, aimed at preserving the biotic and floristic diversity of agricultural landscapes.

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Tanor, Meity N., e Bertje R. A. Sumayku. "Potential of Papaya Leaf Extract (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) on Pest Control of Mustard Plants (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.)". In Unima International Conference on Science and Technology 2022. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7scihk.

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This research was conducted from May to July 2022 at the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Unima. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of papaya leaf solution and better concentration on leaf-eating caterpillar pests. The research method used 4 treatments of leaf solution percentage (0, 20, 30, 40, 50 gr extract). All treatments were made in a formulation of 100 ml of solution. The results showed that a 50% concentration of papaya leaf solution was able to control leaf-eating caterpillar pets. Keywords: papaya leaf extract, mustard greens, armyworm pests

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Gorban, Victor, Vasile Voineac e Valentina Maievschi. "Elemente tehnologice de utilizare a capcanelor cu lumină pentru monitorizarea şi combaterea insectelor dăunătoare". In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.21.

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Low efficiency of plant protection means is explained by the lack of a centralized forecasting system for the terms to carry out protective measures, lack of modern methods of obtaining primary data for making up reliable short-term forecasts for the development and spread of pests in agricultural agrocenoses. During last years investigations cowering the elaboration of new systems of integrated plant protection became more active by utilization biorational means of plant protection, and electro optic installations. A great attention is accords to elaboration and selection of sources- attractants and new electro optic structures whice must show a high attractively due to a specific irradiation spectrum and, thus, provide a maximum trapping of harmful insects. Application of the light traps is a more perfect method for phenology investigation of many important, in an economic aspect plant pest, and results of insects gathering can by used for elaboration short-term prognoses of insect pests development for rendering more precise the terms for craning out of protection measures. Further the light traps for insect can be used as an independent mean for plant pest combating. In combination with other methods to combat the use of light traps significantly reduces the number of flying pests, and thus caused them harm.

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Gevorkyan, I. S. "APPLICATION OF THE IONIZING RADIATION IN THE PEST CONTROL". In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-67.

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The article briefly discusses the available and existing methods of control of insects-pests of grain reserves and food products. The author concludes about the preferences of the grain reserves irradiation by ionizing radiation. The author points out that to actual date, have been experimentally determined such doses of ionizing radiation, which sterilize or kill the most common insect pests. However, the data obtained are still not enough to organize a wide and comprehensive application of ionizing radiation in pest control. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further in-depth and comprehensive experimental studies of the sensitivity of all types of insect pests to ionizing radiation in order to justify the optimal conditions and modes of irradiation of agricultural and food products. Accumulation of experimental material will allow to study more deeply the reasons and mechanisms of infringement of vital functions of an organism of insects-wreckers under the influence of ionizing radiation, and, thereby, to provide successful fight against these wreckers of stocks.

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Rice, Marlin E., Jim Oleson e Wendy Wintersteen. "Minor Soil Pests". In Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-346.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pests"

Hackett, Kevin, Shlomo Rottem, David L. Williamson e Meir Klein. Spiroplasmas as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613017.bard.

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Toward development of spiroplasmas as novel toxin-delivery systems for biocontrol of beetle pests in the United States (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and Israel (Maladera matrida), media for cultivating beetle-associated spiroplasmas were improved and surveys of these spiroplasmas were conducted to provide transformable strains. Extensive surveys of spiroplasmas yielded promising extrachromosomal elements for vector constructs. One, plasmid pCT-1, was cloned, characterized, and used as a source of spiroplasma origin of replication in our shuttle vectors. The fibrillin gene was isolated and sequenced and its strong promoter was also used in the constructs. Means for transforming these vectors into spiroplasmas were developed and optimized, with electroporation found to be suitable for most applications. Development and optimization of means for using large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) in spiroplasma transformation represents a breakthrough that should facilitate insertion of large clusters of virulence genes. With completion of the vector, we should thus be poised to genetically engineer spiroplasmas with genes that will express toxins lethal to our target beetles, thus providing an effective and inexpensive alternative to conventional means of beetle control.

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Banerjee, Achyut Kumar. Coordination and action would protect India from pests. A cura di Sara Phillips. Monash University, marzo 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/f8a7-2a3c.

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Rosenberger, Randall S., e Eric L. Smith. Nonmarket Economic Impacts of Forest Insect Pests: A Literature Review. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-164.

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Andrew Flick, Andrew Flick. Understanding the Impact of Predators on Pathogens of Crop Pests. Experiment, luglio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/0812.

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Morin, Randall S., Andrew M. Liebhold, Eugene R. Luzader, Andrew J. Lister, Kurt W. Gottschalk e Daniel B. Twardus. Mapping host-species abundance of three major exotic forest pests. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-726.

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Hopper, Keith, e Moshe Coll. Parasitoid Movement between Habitats and Biological Control of Aphid Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570548.bard.

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Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt e Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.

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Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.

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Kistner-Thomas, Erica. Potential Geographical Range & Abundance of the Invasive Brown Marmorted Stink Bug under Climate Change Scenarios. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, aprile 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947063.ch.

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Climate change is predicted to exacerbate agricultural losses from crop pests and pathogens by 1) expanding their geographic ranges, 2) reducing winter die-offs, and 3) increasing the number of generations produced per year. For example, numerous crop pests and pathogens have expanded their range northward since the 1960s due, in part, to warming annual temperatures.

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Rosenberger, Randall S., Lauren A. Bell, Patricia A. Champ e Eric L. Smith. Nonmarket economic values of forest insect pests: An updated literature review. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-275.

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Chejanovsky, Nor, e Suzanne M. Thiem. Isolation of Baculoviruses with Expanded Spectrum of Action against Lepidopteran Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586457.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to learn to control (expand and restrict) the host range of baculoviruses. In this project our aim was to expand the host range of the prototype baculovirus Autographa cali/arnica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) towards American and Israeli pests. To achieve this objective we studied AcMNPV infection in the non-permissive hosts L. dispar and s. littoralis (Ld652Y and SL2 cells, respectively) as a model system and the major barriers to viral replication. We isolated recombinant baculoviruses with expanded infectivity towards L. dispar and S. littoralis and tested their infectivity towards other Lepidopteran pests. The restricted host range displayed by baculoviruses constitutes an obstacle to their further implementation in the control of diverse Lepidopteran pests, increasing the development costs. Our work points out that cellular defenses are major role blocks to AcMNPV replication in non- and semi-permissive hosts. Therefore a major determinant ofbaculovirus host range is the ability of the virus to effectively counter cellular defenses of host cells. This is exemplified by our findings showing tliat expressing the viral gene Ldhrf-l overcomes global translation arrest in AcMNPV -infected Ld652Y cells. Our data suggests that Ld652Y cells have two anti-viral defense pathways, because they are subject to global translation arrest when infected with AcMNPV carrying a baculovirus apoptotic suppressor (e.g., wild type AcMNPV carryingp35, or recombinant AcMNPV carrying Opiap, Cpiap. or p49 genes) but apoptose when infected with AcMNPV-Iacking a functional apoptotic suppressor. We have yet to elucidate how hrf-l precludes the translation arrest mechanism(s) in AcMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells. Ribosomal profiles of AcMNPV infected Ld652Y cells suggested that translation initiation is a major control point, but we were unable to rule-out a contribution from a block in translation elongation. Phosphorylation of eIF-2a did not appear to playa role in AcMNPV -induced translation arrest. Mutagenesis studies ofhrf-l suggest that a highly acidic domain plays a role in precluding translation arrest. Our findings indicate that translation arrest may be linked to apoptosis either through common sensors of virus infection or as a consequence of late events in the virus life-cycle that occur only if apoptosis is suppressed. ~ AcMNPV replicates poorly in SL2 cells and induces apoptosis. Our studies in AcMNPV - infected SL2ceils led us to conclude that the steady-state levels of lEI (product of the iel gene, major AcMNPV -transactivator and multifunctional protein) relative to those of the immediate early viral protein lEO, playa critical role in regulating the viral infection. By increasing the IEl\IEO ratio we achieved AcMNPV replication in S. littoralis and we were able to isolate recombinant AcMNPV s that replicated efficiently in S. lifforalis cells and larvae. Our data that indicated that AcMNPV - infection may be regulated by an interaction between IE 1 and lED (of previously unknown function). Indeed, we showed that IE 1 associates with lED by using protein "pull down" and immunoprecipitation approaches High steady state levels of "functional" IE 1 resulted in increased expression of the apoptosis suppressor p35 facilitating AcMNPV -replication in SL2 cells. Finally, we determined that lED accelerates the viral infection in AcMNPV -permissive cells. Our results show that expressing viral genes that are able to overcome the insect-pest defense system enable to expand baculovirus host range. Scientifically, this project highlights the need to further study the anti-viral defenses of invertebrates not only to maximi~e the possibilities for manipulating baculovirus genomes, but to better understand the evolutionary underpinnings of the immune systems of vertebrates towards virus infection.

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