Bibliografie tematiche / Pesticides

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pesticides"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 16 novembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pesticides"

1

Herkert, James R. "Organochlorine Pesticides are not Implicated in the Decline of the Loggerhead Shrike". Condor 106, n. 3 (1 agosto 2004): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.702.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract I compared pesticide levels in the eggs of Loggerhead Shrikes (Lanius ludovicianus) collected from Illinois in 1995–1996 with those reported for the state in 1971–1972. Pesticides were detected in 19 of 21 (90%) eggs from 1995–1996. DDE was the most frequently detected pesticide, occurring in 17 of 21 eggs. DDT was the second most frequent pesticide detected and was found in nine eggs. Mean DDE levels in shrike eggs from 1995–1996 were 79% lower than in eggs from 1971–1972. Unlike most bird species for which pesticide levels are known to have been reduced (whose populations have tended to increase), Loggerhead Shrike populations have declined during the period in which pesticide levels within their eggs has been reduced. These data suggest that organochlorine pesticides are likely not driving current Loggerhead Shrike declines in Illinois. Los Pesticidas Organoclorados no Están Implicados en la Disminución de Lanius ludovicianus Resumen. Comparé los niveles de pesticidas en huevos de Lanius ludovicianus colectados en Illinois entre 1995 y 1996 con los niveles de pesticidas reportados para el estado entre 1971 y 1972. Se detectaron pesticidas en 19 de 21 huevos (90%) entre 1995 y 1996. El pesticida detectado con mayor frecuencia fue DDE, el cual se detectó en 17 de 21 huevos. DDT fue el insecticida detectado con la segundo mayor frecuencia, y fue encontrado en nueve huevos. Los niveles medios de DDE encontrados en los huevos de 1994– 1996 fueron un 79% más bajos que en huevos de 1971–1972. A diferencia de la mayoría de las especies de aves para las cuales se sabe que los niveles de pesticidas se han reducido (cuyas poblaciones han tendido a aumentar), las poblaciones de L. ludovicianus han disminuido durante el período en que los niveles de pesticidas hallados dentro de sus huevos han sido reducidos. Estos datos sugieren que probablemente los pesticidas organoclorados no están causando la disminución actual de las poblaciones de L. ludovicianus.
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2

Shu, Zen-hong. "PESTICIDES TOXICITY ON POLLEN GERMINATION OF `HADEN' MANGO (Mangifera indica L.)". HortScience 28, n. 5 (maggio 1993): 497f—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.497f.

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Abstract (sommario):
It has been speculated for many years that crop yield diminution may be due to the possible adverse effects of pesticidal sprays during the blooming period on pollen germination and fruit set. To realize the toxicity of pesticides on the reproductive physiology of mango, pollen germination, both in vitro and in vivo, under the constrain of pesticides were conducted. The results showed that among all the pesticide tested, Lannate and Tamaron were the least toxic ones to mango pollens germinated on agar medium incorporated with pesticides. Pesticides when sprayed on the surface of germination medium had strong adverse effect on pollen germination. Except for Tamaron, the fertilization of mango flowers were extremely sensitive to pesticidal sprays 2 hours before or 4 hours after hand pollination. Fertilization and initial fruit set were not or less influenced by pesticides for flowers sprayed 24 hours after pollination.
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3

Netragaonkar, Anjali, Isha Tambolkar e Dr Varsha Munde. "The Grave Health Concerns of Using (Rather Overusing) Pesticides." VIMS Health Science Journal 10, n. 1 (31 marzo 2023): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.10107.

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Abstract (sommario):
Considering agricultural hub Indian farmers used pesticides as plant protection agent for boosting yield. Use of pesticides causes a range of human health problems like cancers and many others. Compared to the general population, who is exposed to substantially lower amounts of pesticide residues through food and water, agricultural worker have a higher risk of developing health issues as a result of pesticides. This article will not only enable the provision of key data about the carcinogenic risk related to the duration,type & degree of pesticidal exposure in all age groups, but will also aid in determining the risk of pesticidal residues in food & water which demand timely assessments.
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4

Anirudhan, Athira, George Chandy Mattethra, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Hamsa Jameel Banjer, Fuad M. Alzahrani, Ibrahim F. Halawani, Shankargouda Patil, Ashutosh Sharma, Prabu Paramasivam e Shiek S. S. J. Ahmed. "Eleven Crucial Pesticides Appear to Regulate Key Genes That Link MPTP Mechanism to Cause Parkinson’s Disease through the Selective Degeneration of Dopamine Neurons". Brain Sciences 13, n. 7 (28 giugno 2023): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071003.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pesticides kill neurons, but the mechanism leading to selective dopaminergic loss in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is unknown. Understanding the pesticide’s effect on dopaminergic neurons (DA) can help to screen and treat PD. The critical uptake of pesticides by the membrane receptors at DA is hypothesized to activate a signaling cascade and accelerate degeneration. Using MPTP as a reference, we demonstrate the mechanisms of eleven crucial pesticides through molecular docking, protein networks, regulatory pathways, and prioritization of key pesticide-regulating proteins. Participants were recruited and grouped into control and PD based on clinical characteristics as well as pesticide traces in their blood plasma. Then, qPCR was used to measure pesticide-associated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between groups. As a result of molecular docking, all eleven pesticides and the MPTP showed high binding efficiency against 274 membrane receptor proteins of DA. Further, the protein interaction networks showed activation of multiple signaling cascades through these receptors. Subsequent analysis revealed 31 biological pathways shared by all 11pesticides and MPTP that were overrepresented by 46 crucial proteins. Among these, CTNNB1, NDUFS6, and CAV1 were prioritized to show a significant change in gene expression in pesticide-exposed PD which guides toward therapy.
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5

Vutrianingsih, Nur Eka, Ikrimatuz Zulfa e Jojok Mukono. "RISK FACTORS RELATED TO KARBAMAT PESTICIDE POISONING AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE IN RICE FARMERS IN MASANGAN VILLAGE KULON KABUPATEN SIDOARJO". Indonesian Journal of Public Health 15, n. 2 (4 agosto 2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v15i2.2020.190-200.

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Abstract (sommario):
In the efforts to increase product of rice plant crops, the use of pesticides to excerminate pest can not be avoided. However rice plant farmers incline carry out spray of pestisides which abused impact can increase poison inciden of farmers. The objective of this research was to know about risk factors related to pesticide poison incidence because use carbamates pesticides and organophosphates pesticides in Masangan Kulon Village Subdistrict Sukodono District Sidoarjo. The type of this research is analytic observational with cross sectional approach. Sample of this research is 28 farmers. The collected data were analyzed analytically using Fisher Exact Test. The variable in this research were age, sex, educational level, length of work,the using Personal Protection Equipment, length of exposure, knowledge, total of kind pesticides, and management practices of pesticides. Checking cholinesterase enzyme value in the blood with Kinetic Photometric DGKC by BBLK of Surabaya.The result of this research showed as 2 farmers (7,1%) has pesticides’s poisoning. The result of statistic test showed there was no significant relationship between sex (p = 0,091), educational level (p = 0,553),length of work (p = 0,288), the using Personal Protection Equipment (p = 0,622), total of kind pesticides (p = 1,000), knowledge (p = 0,549), and management practices of pesticides (p = 1,000) with pesticides poisoning. There was significant relationship between age (p = 0,001) and length of exposure (p = 0,001) with pesticides poisoning. Conclution of this research counseling from relevant agencies about pesticides, periodic checking cholinesterase enzyme of farmers and observe pesticide sale distribution in village.Keywords : Pesticides, Carbamate and Organophosphate, Cholinesterase
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6

Yahya, Nur Adriana Aqirah, e Asheila AK Meramat. "Association Between Occupational Toxicity Exposure to Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease Among Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 6, S1 (4 novembre 2022): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.521.

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Abstract (sommario):
Despite being acknowledged globally as one of the primary environmental pollutants, pesticides appear as one of the toxic compounds that are available purposefully to be used in controlling pests and vectors, especially in agricultural areas [1]. Nevertheless, pesticides have been discovered to be associated with a broad scope of pathologies, especially with Parkinson’s disease (PD) Most previous studies could not determine a significant positive relationship due to the discrepancies in their methodologies. Based on data published by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the proportion of citizens with PD in Malaysia is anticipated to grow five-fold by 2040, from an estimated 20,000 to 120,000 cases [2]. Hence, this study is employed to deliver an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis regarding pesticide exposure and PD which will be based on the highest quality of evidence along with a broader extent of study designs that encompass cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies to identify the significant link between them. The objective of this study was to find out whether there is an increased risk of PD among adults with occupational exposure to pesticides and to determine the pesticides that are associated with PD. In formulating the research question, the P (population) E (exposure) C (control) O (outcome) model was used. The search was done from databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct. The key points used were as followed: “occupational” OR “professional” OR “work-related” OR “job-related” OR/AND “pesticidal” OR “pesticide's” OR “pesticides” OR “pesticide” AND “Parkinson disease” OR “Parkinsons disease” OR “Parkinson's disease” OR “Parkinson” OR “Parkinsons” OR “Parkinson’s”. Meta-analysis was directed by utilizing the Review Manager 5 software to inspect the data regarding work-related pesticide acquaintance and the development of Parkinson’s disease based on all included studies of selected characteristics. The systematic review encompassed 26 studies where 23 of them displayed a significant association between occupational exposures to pesticides that increased the risk of developing PD. The meta-analysis also supported the hypothesis of this study where work-related pesticide acquaintance showed 89% higher odds to develop PD [OR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.63 to 2.20)]. For specific types of pesticides, organophosphorus contact revealed the strongest association with 89% higher odds [OR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.35 to 2.64)] followed by insecticides contact with 86% higher odds [OR = 1.57, 95% CI (1.58 to 1.92)], organochlorine exposure with 71% higher odds [OR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.21 to 2.41)], fungicides acquaintance at 42% higher odds [OR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.33 to 1.51)] and herbicides contact with 23% higher odds [OR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.46)] to establish PD (Table 1). Overall, occupational pesticide contact exhibited an increased risk of PD with organophosphorus displaying the strongest association among other specific types of pesticide. The theory concerning the specific kind of pesticides that can lead to PD is inconsistent where it is immensely dependent upon their mechanism of toxicity and chemical composition as well as its explicit biochemical passageways which up until this moment is not yet being fully understood. Hence, the result of this study can supplement advanced knowledge in the literature where it can be utilized to govern further studies and implementations in the future to improve the safety and health of the workers who are involved with pesticides’ application day to day as well as the health of the public. Therefore, a safer class of pesticides may also be invented consequently. On the other hand, it may also aid in future studies to find out the specific biomarkers or reliable tools which can measure the causal relationship between pesticides’ acquaintance and PD more accurately. Thus, the forthcoming studies that can count on more unbiased and quantifiable approaches regarding the evaluation of pesticides’ acquaintance and PD must be fostered.
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7

Kazantsev, S. A., e I. E. Pamirsky. "Application of bioinformatics methods in pesticide research and development". Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 53, n. 9 (22 ottobre 2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2023-9-7.

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Abstract (sommario):
The use of pesticides is accompanied by a number of environmental and agrotechnological problems. Many pesticides do not degrade and stay in the soil for years and have low selectivity. Massive application of pesticides with non-selective nature of action caused a gradual increase of resistance in pests due to persistent inherited changes in their DNA. This affects the efficiency of growing agricultural plants and pollution of the environment and food. Computational biology methods, which are actively developing all over the world, can help to solve this problem. Despite the fact that in Russia bioinformatics methods are used to study plant genes of animals, metagenomes of microorganisms, there are no own databases and specialized computer applications for such research and pesticide modernization. Development of domestic similar bioinformatics tools is also an urgent task. The article highlights the problem of creating new effective and environmentally friendly pesticides. The methods of bioinformatics that can be used in the research and development of pesticides are given. The stages of creating new pesticides by bioinformatics methods (review of databases, modeling of molecules, modeling of the interaction of a pesticide with a target, prediction of biological activity) are considered. A description is given of the methods for optimizing the molecular framework of pesticides, which is a change in the carbon skeleton in order to search for new active compounds and screen out many similar compounds in the chemical space. Foreign web resources used to assess the presence of pesticidal properties in substances, such as toxicity, metabolism and physico-chemical properties, and their subsequent registration as pesticides are given.
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8

Kosamu, Ishmael, Chikumbusko Kaonga e Wells Utembe. "A Critical Review of the Status of Pesticide Exposure Management in Malawi". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 18 (15 settembre 2020): 6727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186727.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pesticides pose a significant risk to humans and the environment. This paper analyzes the measures used to manage pesticides in Malawi. Malawi’s regulatory authority of pesticides, the Pesticides Control Board (PCB), faces a number of challenges including lack of facilities for analyzing pesticides and inadequate personnel to conduct risk assessment of pesticides. The PCB needs to provide access to information and opportunities among the public to make contributions regarding requirements, processes and policies for assessing pesticide risk and efficacy. There is also a need to enhance the capacity of PCB to assess pesticide poisoning in workers, monitor pesticide residues in food and environmental contamination, as well as to control the illegal importation and sale of pesticides. Just like in other countries such as South Africa, India and Sri Lanka, Malawi urgently needs to implement measures that can restrict the importation, production, sale and use of very toxic pesticides. Malawi also needs to develop measures for the effective management of pesticide waste containers as well as obsolete pesticides, where potential solutions include reducing the purchase of (unneeded) pesticides, treatment of obsolete pesticides in high-temperature cement kilns, as well as requesting pesticide dealers to adopt life-cycle management of their products.
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9

Gyawali, Kalpana. "Pesticide Uses and its Effects on Public Health and Environment". Journal of Health Promotion 6 (25 novembre 2018): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v6i0.21801.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pesticide’s manufacture, use, storage and disposal should be strictly regulated to reduce its negative effects on environment and public health. The reports show that the pesticide use increasing every year globally and currently its national use in average is 0.39 kg a. i/ha. It has been found that the quantity of consumption of pesticide in Nepal in agricultural field is very low in comparison to the other countries of the globe but due to its haphazard use in some commodity and ignorance of waiting period after its application has increased the risk of the exposure of farm families to pesticides and intake of pesticides by consumers, which are becoming major health threat.Journal of Health Promotion Vol.6 2008, p.28-36
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10

Nayak, Pragati, e Hitesh Solanki. "PESTICIDES AND INDIAN AGRICULTURE- A REVIEW". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, n. 5 (4 giugno 2021): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i5.2021.3930.

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Abstract (sommario):
Globally more than half of the pesticides are utilized in Asia. India stands 12th in pesticide use globally and 3rd in Asia after China and Turkey. In present study, the data of different types of pesticides, pesticide use pattern and detailed pesticide consumption of the India and world were collected, organized and summarized. Agriculture is the most important sector of the Indian economy providing employment and livelihood to nearly 70% of the total population. And pesticides are an integral part of modern agriculture. Insecticides, fungicides and herbicides are commonly used for pest control in agriculture. However, insecticides form the highest share in total pesticide use in India. India share only1% of the global pesticide use. India has utilized around 58160 tonnes of pesticide in 2018. Per hectare application rate of pesticide was 0.31 kg in 2017. Despite a low per hectare use of pesticides in India, their injudicious use has led to the presence of residues in both biotic and abiotic sections of the environment. The advance research and development in the field of bio-pesticides applications greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by the chemical synthetic insecticides residues and promotes sustainable development of agriculture. In India numerous bio-pesticides presently being developed may be exceptional replacements to chemical pesticides. There are many eco-friendly plant based and microbial bio-pesticides available in the market. Bio-pesticides consumption is only 8% in India. For sustainable agricultural development and to protect environment from adverse effect of chemical pesticides, formulation and utilization of bio-pesticides should be prompted.
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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Pesticides"

1

Aguilar, Carolina. "Pesticides and pesticide combinations on brain neurochemistry". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34697.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pesticides have been suggested to play a role in the development of many neurodegerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that exposure to pesticides and other environmental chemicals during the early stages of life could result in an increased vulnerability to such substances that could lead to neurotoxicity and degeneration late in life. We hypothesized that exposure to mixtures of certain pesticides could change neurotransmitter levels and cellular oxidative stress and that this would be greater in mice exposed early and later in life than mice exposed only as adults. We studied the effects of permethrin (PR) (a pyrethroid type I) and endosulfan (EN) (an organochlorine) on the levels of catecholamines, indolamines, acetylcholinesterase, lipid peroxidation and α-synuclein in the brain of mice. These pesticides have different structures but both are known to modify the kinetics of voltage-sensitive ion channels and calcium ion flux/homeostasis that could affect the release of several neurotransmitters. The study consisted of two experiments: In the first experiment, adult C57Bl/6 mice (7-9 months old) were injected, intraperitoneally, with the following treatments: EN 4.3, 2.15 mg/kg; PR 150, 15 mg/kg and their mixtures EN 4.3 + PR 150 and EN 2.15 + PR 15 mg/kg. Mice were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last injection. In the second experiment, doses consisted of EN 0.7, 1.4 mg/kg, PR 1.5, 15 mg/kg and their mixtures EN 0.7 + PR 1.5 mg/kg and EN 1.4 + PR 15 mg/kg were given to juvenile mice intraperitoneally daily during a period of two weeks from postnatal day 5 to 19. Mice were then, left undisturbed with their dams. Re-challenge was performed when mice were 7-9 months old and dosages of EN 4.3, 2.15 mg/kg, PR 150, 15 mg/kg and their mixtures, EN 4.3 + PR 150 and EN 2.15 + PR 15 mg/kg were given intraperitoneally every other day during a period of two weeks to match the treatments when pesticide exposure was only as adults. Mice were sacrificed 24 hrs after the last injection.

The corpora striatum was extracted and analyzed by HPLC for catecholamines (dopamine, DOPAC, homovalinic acid and norepinephrine) and indolamines (serotonin and 5-HIAA). In general low doses of permethrin and endosulfan alone and in combination (EN 2.15 + PR 15 mg/kg) altered the levels of catecholamines and indolamines in both studies with adult mice and mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults. Catecholamine and indolamines levels were affected to a greater extent in the adult mice than in mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults, when compared to controls.

Acetylcholinesterase was increased under both exposure situations but again adult mice seemed to be more affected than mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults.

Because reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the development of Parkinson's disease, and are known to cause degradation of certain neurotransmitters, we monitored the levels of lipid peroxides in brain cortex as an indicator of free radical tissue damage. The peroxide levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBARS). Increased levels of lipid peroxides were significant in the low dose treatment groups of the adult study. However, there seemed to be a pattern between the levels of dopamine and DOPAC in the striatum and the levels of peroxidation in cortex. The presence of dopamine metabolites appeared to be related to high levels of peroxidation within the basal ganglia and up-regulation of proteins such as α-synuclein. Western blots of α-synuclein in both experiments of the study showed intense double and triple bands that corresponded to aggregated α-synuclein. In general, when compared with controls, mice dosed as juveniles and re-challenged as adults did not alter the above parameters as much as mice dosed only as adults. Instead, the mice first dosed as juveniles seemed to develop an adaptation response to the later exposure of these pesticides.

Taking all these results into account, early exposure and re-challenge with permethrin and endosulfan in this study appeared to induce a protective response against neurochemical changes in the brain of these mice. In addition, low doses of these pesticides and the low dose combination mixture seem to exert an effect on the parameters studied.

Therefore, exposure to pesticides such as endosulfan and permethrin and their combinations could make a contribution towards the initiation or aggravation of biochemical neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.


Master of Science
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2

Woida, Angela E. "Pesticides". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292163.

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3

Mesnage, Robin. "Effets sur la santé d’un pesticide et des OGM à pesticides". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2099.

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Abstract (sommario):
Les herbicides à base de glyphosate sont les pesticides les plus utilisés à travers le monde, leur utilisation s’intensifiant avec les cultures d’OGM conçues pour les tolérer. La revue de la littérature scientifique et des tests réalisés par les compagnies de pesticides montre que l’évaluation des effets sur la santé du Roundup et des OGM est insuffisante. Leurs effets à long terme n’avaient jamais été évalués jusqu’à ce que l’on fasse notre propre expérience. Dans cette étude, le Roundup et l’OGM (NK603) entrainaient une augmentation de l’incidence des tumeurs mammaires, et impactaient aussi les foies et les reins de rats à partir de faibles doses environnementales. Ces effets s’expliquent par la négligence des effets hormonaux et spécifiques aux sexes, mais aussi par la toxicité d’adjuvants qui sont considérés comme inertes dans les formulations de pesticides. Les adjuvants éthoxylés, 10. 000 fois plus toxiques que le glyphosate sur les cellules humaines, sont de bons candidats pour expliquer les effets toxiques du Roundup. Nous avons démontré que la toxicité des adjuvants était négligée d’une manière générale dans l’évaluation des effets des pesticides. Ces lacunes entrainent une sous-estimation de la dose journalière admissible du Roundup. Les toxines Bt, qui sont le deuxième principal type de pesticides associés aux OGM, s’avèrent toxiques sur les cellules humaines, contrairement à toutes les idées préconçues mais appliquées à la réglementation sans preuves scientifiques. Toutes ces études ont donné naissance à de vives polémiques qui ont permis de dévoiler la façon dont les conflits d’intérêts dans l’évaluation des effets secondaires peut entrainer des risques pour la santé
Glyphosate-based herbicides are the most used pesticides worldwide, their use is increasing with GM crops that are designed to tolerate their residues. A review of the scientific literature and of the tests carried out by pesticide companies showed that the health effects assessment of Roundup and GMOs is insufficient. Their long-term effects were never evaluated until we made our own experience. In this study, Roundup and a GMO (NK603) increased the mammary tumors incidence, and also impacted livers and kidneys of rats from low environmental doses. These effects are due to the neglecting of hormonal and sex-specific effects, and of the toxicity of adjuvants which are mistakenly considered inert in pesticide formulations. Ethoxylated adjuvants are 10. 000 times more toxic than glyphosate on human cells, and are thus good candidates to explain the chronic toxic effects of Roundup. We have demonstrated that the neglecting of adjuvants is a general feature of pesticide toxicology. These gaps lead to an under-estimation of the Acceptable Daily Intake of Roundup. Bt toxins are the second most common type of pesticide associated with GMOs. We evidenced their toxicity to human cells, by contrast to all preconceived ideas used in the regulations without scientific evidence of innocuity. All these studies have given rise to heated debates that have revealed how conflicts of interests in the assessment of side effects can lead to health risks
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4

Jia, Zhenquan. "Pesticides and Pesticide Mixtures Induce Neurotoxicity: Potentiation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28381.

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Abstract (sommario):
Several epidemiological studies have suggested a role for environmental chemicals in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Endosulfan (an organochlorine) and zineb (zinc-ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate) are used as pesticides on a variety of crops worldwide and pose potential health risks to humans and animals. Both endosulfan and zineb are known to affect nervous system. Because the dopaminergic system continues to develop postnatally, we hypothesized that developmental exposure to endosulfan or zineb alone or in combination would result in alteration of nigrostrial neurotransmitters and would render the nigrostrial dopamine system more susceptible to chemical challenge later in life. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effects of endosulfan and zineb individually and in combination on dopaminergic or cholinergic pathways in vivo, (2) to investigate the effects of exposure to endosulfan, zineb and their mixtures administered in early life (during brain development) on subsequent exposure to these pesticides on the dopaminergic and cholinergic systems, in vivo, (3) to investigate the mechanism(s) of induction of neuronal cell death caused by these pesticides using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in culture, (4) to define the role of oxidative stress in pesticide-induced neuronal cell death in vitro. Male C57Bl/6 mice of 7-9 months old exposed to zineb (50 and 100 mg/kg), endosulfan (1.55, 3.1 and 6.2 mg/kg) and their mixtures every other day over a 2-week period exhibited higher levels of dopamine accumulation in the striatum. Both pesticide-treated groups displayed significantly lower norepinephrine levels in the striatum (Ï ≤ 0.05) than the controls. The developmental exposure to zineb, endosulfan and their combination enhanced the vulnerability to subsequent neurotoxic challenges occurring later in life. Thus, C57BL/6 mice exposed to zineb, endosulfan and their mixtures as juveniles (postnatal days 5 to 19) and re-exposed at 8 months of age showed a significant depletion of striatal dopamine, to 22%, 16%, and 35% of control, respectively. Acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebral cortex was found to be significantly increased in all pesticide treated groups. Mice given mixtures of pesticides also showed significantly increased levels of normal and aggregated alpha-synuclein, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The results of these studies indicate that exposure to these pesticides as neonates and re-exposure as adults could result in neurochemical changes that did not reveal at adulthood when the exposure was at juvenile age only. We further investigated the mechanism(s) of activation of pesticide-induced neuronal cell death in vitro. The characteristic of cell death in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells was examined. These cells are known to retain catecholaminergic phenotype. Cells were exposed to endosulfan, zineb and mixtures of two pesticides, in concentrations ranging from 50 μM to 400 μM. These exposures caused both apoptotic and necrotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase release, 7-aminoactinomycin-D and Annexin-V/PI assays. Exposure to mixtures of the pesticides enhanced both the early apoptosis and late apoptosis/necrosis compared to either chemical alone. Visual evaluation using DNA ladder assay and fluorescence Annexin V/PI assay confirmed the contribution of both apoptotic and necrotic events. Furthermore, endosulfan and zineb alone and in combination altered the caspase-3 activity indicating that both pesticides exposure exert their apoptotic effect via the caspase-3 pathway. Because there has been increasing evidence of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in pesticide-induced neuronal cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), the levels of ROS and antioxidant enzymes were examined. Cells treated with pesticides were found to enhance the generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide both in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mixture of pesticides significantly enhanced the production of these reactive oxygen species compared to cells exposed to individual pesticide. Cells treated with pesticides showed a decrease in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels. These pesticides also induced lipid peroxides (thiobarbituric acid reactive products) formation in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, cells exposed to these pesticides were found to have increased in the expression of NFkappaB activity in the nucleus. These data support the hypothesis that oxidative stress was induced in neuronal cells by exposing to these pesticides in vitro. Taken together, the results of this study support the above hypothesis and suggest that the cytotoxicity of endosulfan and zineb and their combinations may, at least in part, be associated with the generation of ROS. Furthermore, mice exposed at early age and re-exposed at adulthood become more susceptible to alteration of neurotransmitter levels compared to mice exposed to these pesticides only as juveniles. These findings could add to the growing body of knowledge on the mechanism of pesticide-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death and could hold tremendous implication for the future understanding of the possible involvement of environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Ph. D.
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Kazmierczak, Richard Francis. "Pesticide regulatory actions and the development of pest resistance : a dynamic bioeconomic model /". Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07132007-143149/.

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Tsai, Ming-Yi. "The Washington orchard spray drift study : understanding the broader mechanisms of pesticide spray drift /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8471.

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Santos, Glauco Pilon dos [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de sensor biomimético para detecção de resíduos de pesticidas organofosforados e carbamatos em alimentos". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97828.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Enzimas têm sido empregadas na construção de dispositivos para quantificação de substratos por meio de reação catalítica. Tratando-se de moléculas de alto peso molecular e estrutura complexa, tais compostos biológicos podem apresentar instabilidade, além do alto custo de produção. Neste contexto, a utilização de um peptídeo artificial, proposto por estudos de modelagem molecular para mimetizar o sítio ativo da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), foi uma alternativa investigada para o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para detectar pesticidas organofosforados e carbamatos, que em sua maioria apresentam mutagenicidade, elevada toxicidade e são inibidores da AChE, essencial na transmissão de impulsos nervosos. O trabalho envolveu a síntese, purificação e caracterização de duas sequências peptídicas, SEQPEP1: NH3+-EHGGPS-COO- e SEQPEP2: NH3+-CEHGGPS-COO-, obtidas por meio de metodologia em fase sólida, que apresentaram índice de pureza acima de 95 %, possibilitando aplicação analítica. À sequência peptídica SEQPEP2, foi inserido o aminoácido cisteína com a finalidade de imobilizá-lo de forma ordenada na superfície de ouro. Os estudos espectrofotométricos demonstraram uma forte interação (K = 4,10 x 105 M-1) do peptídeo com o pesticida diclorvós e a formação de um complexo com absorção máxima em λ = 250 nm. Como suporte para a imobilização do peptídeo, foram utilizados eletrodos de ouro à base de discos compactos graváveis (CD-R) (Au-CDtrodos). As condições experimentais de imobilização do peptídeo foram otimizadas sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com uma concentração de peptídeo de 1 x 10-3 mol L-1 e um tempo de incubação de 1 h à 25 ºC. A estratégia de inserir cisteína para imobilizar o peptídeo indicou recobrimento de 68 % da superfície. Demonstrou-se pelos experimentos a viabilidade...
Enzymes have been used in the construction of devices to quantify substrate by catalytic reaction. The disadvantages of biological materials as instability and high production cost are well known. Therefore, the design and development of artificial oligopeptides as a mimic of the acethylcholinesterase (AChE) binding site, preserving the highly selective biological properties, was the approach used in this study on the development of an analytical methodology for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, because of their mutagenicity, high toxicity and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses. This work have involved the synthesis, purification and characterization of two peptide sequences, SEQPEP1: NH3+-EHGGPS-COO- and SEQPEP2: NH3+-CEHGGPS-COO-, obtained by solid phase methodology, which have presented a purity degree above 95 %, enabling the analytical application. A cysteine amino acid was added to the peptide sequence SEQPEP2 in order to self assembly it on the gold electrode surface. The spectrophotometric studies have demonstrated a strong interaction (K = 4.10 x 105 M-1) between the peptide and pesticide dichlorvos, and the formation of a complex with absorption maximum at λ = 250 nm. As a support for the immobilization of peptide, were used gold electrodes based on recordable compact discs (CD-R) (Au-CDtrodes). The experimental conditions for the immobilization of the peptide sequence were optimized, being the best results achieved by using a peptide concentration of 1 x 10-3 mol L-1 and an incubation time of 1 h at 25 ºC. The strategy to add a cysteine amino acid for the immobilization of the peptide has indicated a surface recovery of 68 %. The experiments have shown the viability of monitoring the interaction... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Santos, Glauco Pilon dos. "Desenvolvimento de sensor biomimético para detecção de resíduos de pesticidas organofosforados e carbamatos em alimentos /". Araraquara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97828.

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Orientador: Hideko Yamanaka
Coorientador: Gustavo Stoppa Garbellini
Banca: Saulo Santesso Garrido
Banca: Wendel Andrade Alves
Resumo: Enzimas têm sido empregadas na construção de dispositivos para quantificação de substratos por meio de reação catalítica. Tratando-se de moléculas de alto peso molecular e estrutura complexa, tais compostos biológicos podem apresentar instabilidade, além do alto custo de produção. Neste contexto, a utilização de um peptídeo artificial, proposto por estudos de modelagem molecular para mimetizar o sítio ativo da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), foi uma alternativa investigada para o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para detectar pesticidas organofosforados e carbamatos, que em sua maioria apresentam mutagenicidade, elevada toxicidade e são inibidores da AChE, essencial na transmissão de impulsos nervosos. O trabalho envolveu a síntese, purificação e caracterização de duas sequências peptídicas, SEQPEP1: NH3+-EHGGPS-COO- e SEQPEP2: NH3+-CEHGGPS-COO-, obtidas por meio de metodologia em fase sólida, que apresentaram índice de pureza acima de 95 %, possibilitando aplicação analítica. À sequência peptídica SEQPEP2, foi inserido o aminoácido cisteína com a finalidade de imobilizá-lo de forma ordenada na superfície de ouro. Os estudos espectrofotométricos demonstraram uma forte interação (K = 4,10 x 105 M-1) do peptídeo com o pesticida diclorvós e a formação de um complexo com absorção máxima em λ = 250 nm. Como suporte para a imobilização do peptídeo, foram utilizados eletrodos de ouro à base de discos compactos graváveis (CD-R) (Au-CDtrodos). As condições experimentais de imobilização do peptídeo foram otimizadas sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com uma concentração de peptídeo de 1 x 10-3 mol L-1 e um tempo de incubação de 1 h à 25 ºC. A estratégia de inserir cisteína para imobilizar o peptídeo indicou recobrimento de 68 % da superfície. Demonstrou-se pelos experimentos a viabilidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Enzymes have been used in the construction of devices to quantify substrate by catalytic reaction. The disadvantages of biological materials as instability and high production cost are well known. Therefore, the design and development of artificial oligopeptides as a mimic of the acethylcholinesterase (AChE) binding site, preserving the highly selective biological properties, was the approach used in this study on the development of an analytical methodology for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, because of their mutagenicity, high toxicity and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses. This work have involved the synthesis, purification and characterization of two peptide sequences, SEQPEP1: NH3+-EHGGPS-COO- and SEQPEP2: NH3+-CEHGGPS-COO-, obtained by solid phase methodology, which have presented a purity degree above 95 %, enabling the analytical application. A cysteine amino acid was added to the peptide sequence SEQPEP2 in order to self assembly it on the gold electrode surface. The spectrophotometric studies have demonstrated a strong interaction (K = 4.10 x 105 M-1) between the peptide and pesticide dichlorvos, and the formation of a complex with absorption maximum at λ = 250 nm. As a support for the immobilization of peptide, were used gold electrodes based on recordable compact discs (CD-R) (Au-CDtrodes). The experimental conditions for the immobilization of the peptide sequence were optimized, being the best results achieved by using a peptide concentration of 1 x 10-3 mol L-1 and an incubation time of 1 h at 25 ºC. The strategy to add a cysteine amino acid for the immobilization of the peptide has indicated a surface recovery of 68 %. The experiments have shown the viability of monitoring the interaction... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Rolland, Olivier. "Toxicologie des pesticides systémiques organophosphorés". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P034.

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Bahi, Aya. "Modelling the fate of pesticides in constructed wetlands". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS037.

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Les pesticides utilisés pour améliorer la qualité des produits agricoles, sont une source de pollution diffuse qui affecte la qualité des ressources en eaux et des habitats aquatiques. Nombreuses études ont montré que les zones humides naturelles (ex. lacs, mares, et tourbières) ou construites (ex. étangs, réservoir d’irrigation, et fossé de drainage) qui interceptent les eaux agricoles, peuvent dissiper contamination par les pesticides. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier le devenir des pesticides dans les zones humides artificielles (pond en anglais). Les ponds sont initialement construits pour stocker les eaux de pluie et issues du drainage agricole pour assurer l’approvisionnement d’eau pour le bétail et l’irrigation. Cependant, plusieurs travaux de recherche ont démontré d’avantages atouts environnementaux des ponds. En plus d’offrir un habitat aux organismes vivants, ils peuvent dissiper la concentration de pesticides contenus dans les eaux agricoles. Quand les pesticides séjournent dans les ponds ils subissent un ensemble de processus physicochimiques qui réduisent leur concentration. Par la suite, quand les ponds sont remplis, l’eau qui est déchargée pour rejoindre les sources d’eau de surface et souterraines est moins chargée en pesticides. Par conséquent, en complément à la réglementation d’application de pesticides, les ponds s’avèrent une technique efficace pour réduire le transfert de pesticides vers les ressources d’eau en aval des parcelles agricoles. Bien que de nombreuses études sur le potentiel de dissipation des ponds portent sur les nitrates et les sédiments en suspension, on sait très peu de choses sur le comportement des pesticides. De plus, la plupart des études évaluent un processus de dissipation individuellement sans mettre l'accent sur son interaction éventuelle avec d'autres processus. Encore moins d'articles proposent des formulations mathématiques pour les processus de dissipation pour développer des modèles de prévisions. Un premier objectif de la thèse est d’étudier et évaluer les interactions et la contribution de multiples processus physicochimiques à la dissipation de pesticides dans les ponds ainsi que leurs formules mathématiques et leurs principaux facteurs de contrôle. La quantification de la contribution de chaque processus à la dissipation des pesticides dans les ponds a permis de construire des hypothèses d’hiérarchisation de processus. Dans un second temps, les résultats de cette étude de processus et les formulations mathématiques retenues ont été utilisés pour développer un modèle conceptuel du devenir des pesticides dans les ponds. Le modèle intègre les différents processus de transport, transfert et transformation au sein des principaux compartiments des ponds (eau et sédiments) pour prédire la dynamique des pesticides. Une étude de sensibilité a permis de ressortir les processus les plus impliqués dans la dissipation des pesticides et qui sont la sorption, la transformation par microorganismes, et la photolyse. Ensuite, le modèle a été appliqué sur un pond type des milieux agricoles drainés (Rampillon, France) où les pesticides sont majoritairement transportés en forme dissoute dans le bassin versant. Les résultats de cette application ont permis de visualiser l’évolution temporelle de la répartition des pesticides dans le pond et la contribution de chaque processus à leur dissipation. Le modèle a été appliqué sur autre pond (Auradé, France) représentatif des milieux érosifs pour caractériser le comportement des pesticides sous forme particulaire. Les résultats de la modélisation et les conclusions retenues de l’analyse de sensibilité permettent d’avoir une vision détaillée du fonctionnement des ponds. Ces résultats préparent la voie au ingénieurs pour définir des critères de dimensionnement permettant d’optimiser l’efficacité environnementale des zones humides artificielles
Pesticides used to improve the quality of agricultural products are a source of non-point source pollution that affects the quality of water resources and aquatic habitats. Several studies have evidenced that natural (e.g., lakes, ponds, and bogs) or constructed wetlands (e.g., ponds, irrigation reservoirs, and drainage ditches) that intercept agricultural waters can dissipate pesticide contamination. Thus, this thesis aims to study the fate of pesticides in constructed wetlands (ponds). Ponds were originally constructed to store rainwater and agricultural drainage water to provide water for livestock and irrigation. However, several research studies have demonstrated the environmental benefits of ponds. In addition to providing a habitat for living organisms, they can dissipate the concentration of pesticides contained in agricultural waters. When the pesticides remain in the ponds, they undergo a series of physicochemical processes that reduce their concentration. Subsequently, when the ponds are filled, the water is discharged to the surface, and groundwater sources are less pesticide-loaded. Therefore, as a complement to pesticide use regulations, ponds are an effective tool for reducing pesticide transfer to water resources downstream of agricultural plots. Although many studies of the dissipation potential of ponds focus on nitrates and suspended sediments, very little is known about the behavior of pesticides. Furthermore, most studies evaluate a dissipation process individually without focusing on its potential interaction with other processes. Even fewer papers present mathematical formulations for dissipation processes to develop predictive models. The first objective of the thesis is to study and assess the interactions and contribution of multiple physicochemical processes to pesticide dissipation in ponds, as well as their mathematical formulations and main controlling factors. The quantification of the contribution of each process to pesticide dissipation in ponds allowed the construction of primary process hierarchization hypotheses. In the second phase, the findings of this process investigation and the selected mathematical formulations were used to develop a conceptual model of pesticide fate in the ponds. The model integrates the different processes of transport, transfer, and transformation within the main compartments of the ponds (water and sediments) to predict the dynamics of the pesticides. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most involved processes in pesticide dissipation: sorption, transformation by microorganisms, and photolysis. The model was then applied to a typical agricultural pond in a drainage area (Rampillon, France) where pesticides are mostly transported in a dissolved form in the catchment. The application results enabled to display of the temporal distribution of pesticides in the pond and the contribution of each process to the dissipation of pesticides. The model was also applied to another pond (Auradé, France) representing erosive media to characterize pesticides' particle form behavior
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Libri sul tema "Pesticides"

1

den Hond, Frank, Peter Groenewegen e Nico M. van Straalen, a cura di. Pesticides. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995457.

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Matthews, G. A., a cura di. Pesticides. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470995853.

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Ragsdale, Nancy N., e Ronald J. Kuhr, a cura di. Pesticides. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0336.

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Matthews, G. A. Pesticides. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118975923.

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Duggleby, John. Pesticides. New York: Crestwood House, 1990.

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Canada, Industry Science and Technology Canada. Pesticides. Ottawa: Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1991.

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Macfarlane, Katherine. Pesticides. Detroit: KidHaven Press, 2007.

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Yount, Lisa. Pesticides. San Diego, CA, U.S.A: Lucent Books, 1995.

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Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Pesticides. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Lee, Sally. Pesticides. New York: Franklin Watts, 1991.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pesticides"

1

Dhang, Partho, Philip G. Koehler, Roberto M. Pereira e Daniel D. Dye, II. "Handling pesticides." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 131–38. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0017.

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Abstract This chapter provides key questions on handling of pesticides used for the urban pest management industry. These pesticides are selective in their toxicity to affect the survival, development, and reproduction of the target pest species, and they have greater adverse effects on pests than on humans and other non-target species. However, applicators should not underestimate the effects of pesticide exposure when they use improper mixing, application, and safety equipment, and do not take precautions to protect themselves. Pesticide safety awareness can minimize the potential adverse effects of excessive exposure on the job.
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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira e Daniel D. Dye, II. "Pesticides and formulations." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 122–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0016.

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Abstract This chapter provides key questions (and answers) on pesticides and formulations used in urban pest management. There are thousands of pesticide products that can be selected for use, and there are also many types of pesticide formulations to choose from. Insecticide mode of action is very important for understanding how an insecticide works to kill an insect pest and how to rotate insecticides, so insect resistance is avoided. Some of the important groups of insecticides and their modes of action are mentioned.
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Hartman, David E. "Pesticides". In Critical Issues in Neuropsychology, 327–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1849-5_7.

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Dhooria, Manjit Singh. "Pesticides". In Fundamentals of Applied Acarology, 399–411. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1594-6_21.

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Schubert, Hans J. "Pesticides". In Textbook of Contact Dermatitis, 527–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13119-0_27.

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Fox, Malcolm A. "Pesticides". In Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials, 179–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11890-0_59.

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Julien, Rhona P. "Pesticides". In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 1187–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_588.

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Allegri, Theodore H. "Pesticides". In Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, 197–236. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1959-7_12.

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Gupta, P. K. "Pesticides". In Problem Solving Questions in Toxicology:, 147–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50409-0_11.

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Stan, Hans-Juergen. "Pesticides". In Principles and Applications of Gas Chromatography in Food Analysis, 261–325. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0681-8_9.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pesticides"

1

Cebotari, Valentina, Ion Buzu e Olga Postolachi. "Monitoringul pesticidelor în corpul albinelor". In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.34.

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The purpose of the research was to investigate pesticide residues in bee’s body and to identify the most common and dangerous pesticides that can affect honeybees in the forest site. The bee samples have been analyzed to the residues of 11 most widely used pesticides. As a result of the research, it was established that most of the studied pesticides (72.7%) wasn’t registered in the bee samples, collected from the apiary, stationed in the forest site. In 20% of the analyzed bee samples no residues of either of the 11 investigated pesticides were found, in 40% of the bee samples, detectable level of residues of a single pesticide (the pyrethroidic insecticide Tau-fluvalinate) was recorded, in other 20% of the samples detectable residues of 2 pesticides (the neonicotinoid insecticide Imidacloprid and acaricide Amitraz) was recorded, and in the other 20% of the bees samples detectable residues of 3 pesticides (pyrethroid insecticide Tau-fluvalinate, insecticide neonicotinoid Imidacloprid and acaricide Amitraz) was registered. The values of detectable concentrations of pesticide residues recorded in bee samples taken from the forest site were very small, constituting on average: the pyrethroid insecticide Tau-fluvalinate – 0.0062±0.0007 mg/kg; the neonicotinoid insecticide Imidacloprid – 0.0060±0.0006 mg/kg and the acaricide Amitraz – 0.0058±0,0006 mg/kg. The detected concentrations of pesticide residues are 1.7 - 32.2 times lower than the maximum admisibile limits, according to national and EU standards. Hence, the forest site environment is not polluted with pesticide residues and, therefore, doesn’t represent any risk of contamination for bee families, which could compromise the bee’s health and the safety of apiculture products, intended for human consumption.
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Kostic, Emilija, e Maja Vujovic. "TOKSIKOLOŠKI IZVEŠTAJ O TROVANJU PESTICIDIMA U JUGOISTOČNOM REGIONU SRBIJE TOKOM 2020. GODINE". In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.313k.

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Pesticides are substances widely used in agriculture, which are the cause of acute poisoning in a significant percentage worldwide. The aim of this paper is to analyze cases of pesticide poisoning during 2020, according to the data of the Toxicology Laboratory of the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Nis. Pesticide poisoning has been proven in 18 cases (8.11% of all cases). Organophosphate pesticides were detected in nine cases, glyphosate in five, pendimethalin in two, while metolachlor and piperonyl butoxide were detected in one case each. Data on cases of poisoning indicate that education on the proper use of pesticides is necessary in order to reduce the number of acute and chronic poisonings.
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ČESONIENĖ, Laima, Kristina LINGYTĖ, Daiva ŠILEIKIENĖ e Midona DAPKIENĖ. "GROUNDWATER QUALITY DYNAMICS IN THE TERRITORY OF FORMER PESTICIDE WAREHOUSE". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.097.

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Pesticides are used in intensive farming to help fight plant pests and diseases (insecticides, fungicides), kill weeds (herbicides), as well as accelerate the growth of seeds (defoliants), but until 1992 pesticides were kept in improperly equipped warehouses, there was no maintenance or accounting of the pesticides. Consequently, the environment of the warehouse was often polluted. Such sources of pollution are hazardous to the environment. Economic activities in the area have been carried out from 1980 to 1994. Various agricultural chemicals have been stored and used there. Later, in 1997, chemicals (fertilizers and plant protection chemicals) stored in the territory of the warehouse have been collected and removed from the territory. During the inventory of 2009, no chemical substances were found in the territory. In 2010, an investigation carried out in the territory of the pesticide warehouse revealed unacceptable levels of pollution in the soil and the groundwater by pesticides and other toxic and neutral chemicals. In 2012, the polluted territory was cleaned eliminating the remains of buildings, and removing the soil polluted by the pesticides. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the territory of the former pesticide warehouse in Kaunas District Municipality, Bubių Village on the groundwater during the period from 2012 to 2016. The results have shown that the groundwater is mostly polluted with nitrogen compounds, as well as the tendency in increase of chlorides, sodium, and calcium. Minimum and unchanging concentrations of the pesticides (DDD, DDE, DDT) were determined throughout the investigation.
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Mumpuni, Restu Puji, e Akhmad Sholichudin. "The Efficacy of Several Types of Organic Pesticides against Mortality of Armyworm (<i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>)". In The 2nd International Conference on Technology for Sustainable Development. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-l3qf81.

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Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a pest on several food crops including soybeans and corn. Armyworm control still emphasizes the use of resistant varieties and insecticides. Alternative efforts are needed to use more environmentally-friendly control methods, including the use of organic pesticides from biological materials. The control of Spodoptera frugiperda was carried out by testing the application of several types of organic pesticides at the same concentration of 50%. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of pesticide that was most effective in reducing mortality and attack from Spodoptera frugiperda. The study was started by doing mass propagation of S. frugiperda larvae, S. frugiperda larvae investment, and mortality test. The test used the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method using several organic pesticides consisting of five treatments, namely P0 (control), P1 (tobacco), P2 (shallot), P3 (garlic), and P4 (papaya leaves), P5 (blimbing wuluh leaves), P6 (Jatropa curcas fruit), P7 (lemongrass). The results of the application of organic pesticides on the mortality and attack rate of S. frugiperda had a significant effect. Organic pesticides that are most effective in reducing the mortality and attack rates of S. frugiperda are pesticides made from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). At a concentration of 50% organic pesticides made from tobacco can reduce the mortality of S. frugiperda up to 100%. Tobacco-based pesticides also received the lowest land attack rate at 46%. Organic pesticides applied to S. frugiperda larvae also affect the growth of S. frugiperda pupae.
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Saxena, Rakhi, Promila Sharma, Pratibha Joshi e Kavita Narwal. "Environmental Problems Among Rural Women and Management of Occupational Health and Safety". In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100341.

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Women have long occupied a central place in agriculture production in developing countries, ensuring food security for their household and communities, but this role is not performed without adverse consequences for health. The major consequences include health risks owing due to women’s use and exposure to hazardous agro-chemicals/pesticides, farm-related accidents or physical injuries and exposure to hazardous solid fuel in the interior house. Developing countries like India have many polluting sources that produce high level of human exposure. Indoor air pollution in developing countries from biomass smoke is considered to be a significant source of public health hazard, particularly to the poor and vulnerable women and children. Women and children face the greatest exposure to the harmful health effects of pollution. Women traditionally carry out most household chores and spend a considerable part of their time indoors. The pollution also affects young children under their mothers’ care. Another source of high risk of ill health in rural India is exposure to spray of pesticides in the fields. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. Moreover, in developing countries the users are rather careless in handling pesticides. The high risk groups exposed to pesticides include the production workers, formulators, sprayers, mixers, loaders and agricultural farm workers. During manufacture and formulation, the possibility of hazards may be more because the processes involved are not risk free. In India, 70% of the population is farmers and they are the target group to be affected by the hazards of pesticide applications. Moreover, in developing countries the users are rather careless in handling pesticides. All pesticides in a given chemical group generally affect the human body in the same way; however, severity of the effects varies depending on the formulation, concentration, toxicity and route of exposure of the pesticide. Descriptive cum experimental research design was chosen for the study. The study was carried out in two districts Udham Singh Nagar and Nainital. Purposive cum Random sampling design was used to select the study area. Total sample size was comprised of 240 women from rural areas of Uttarakhand state in India. Experimental data was recorded through various scientific instruments and descriptive data was collected through interview schedule, awareness scales, and observation sheet. On the basis of anthropometric measurements the 5th, 50th and 95th percentile was calculated for the designing of personal protective equipments (gloves and coverall) through CAD for reducing the hazards of pesticide spraying and designing of chimney for minimizing the hazards of smoke originated by traditional cooking source. It was found from investigation that indoor air pollution and pesticide hazards were almost same for the families of hill region but sufferings related to indoor air pollution and pesticide hazards were more in the plain region as compare to hill region. The healthy and natural environmental conditions in the hill region and less dense housing of this region were the cause of less suffering from cooking smoke and pesticide spraying conditions. Taking the above fact into account the chances of diseases, risks and hazards were less for families of hill region.
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Chang, Ting-Wei, Sheng-Hann Wang, Iuan Sheau Chin, Pei-Zhen Li, Shu-Cheng Lo, Shu-Yi Hsieh, Jung-Hsin Lin e Pei-Kuen Wei. "Insect Odorant Binding Protein 2 Integrated with Flow Digital Nanoplasmon-metry for Neonicotinoid Pesticide Residues Sensing in Beverages". In Optical Manipulation and Its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oma.2023.am2d.4.

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Neonicotinoid is one class of the most used pesticides to repel pests. They demonstrated good efficiency but meanwhile pollute the ecosystem. Therefore, its abuse is an ever-thorny problem. Furthermore, since the multi-pesticide association is commonly used for high-efficient crop protection from pests in farms, quickly screening the pesticide contamination sorted by class is much more efficient and more accessible for on-site use. In this work, a novel and promising strategy that incorporated the neonicotinoid-specific odorant binding protein 2 (OBP2) with ultra-sensitive local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based measurement, the flow digital nanoplasmon-metry (flow DiNM) was proposed. OBP2 modified on gold nanoparticles acted as the seizer to simultaneously capture neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, dinotefuran, and acetamiprid. The flow DiNM comprises spectral image contrast and digital analysis to enhance the slight LSPR change by the small molecule, neonicotinoid pesticides, attaching. It shows prominent LODs of 3.6, 7, and 15.3 ppb in imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and dinotefuran within the 45-minute detection. Furthermore, the blind tests show a high consistency to the standard method, and the recovery of true positives was 83% and 87.5% for green and black teas, respectively, and the recovery of true negatives can achieve 100 % with a total of 18 tests. Compared to conventional antibody-based immunoassay, the production of OBPS that uses E. coil protein expression takes advantage of high yield, time-saving, and cost-effectiveness. Together with its broad while specific neonicotinoid pesticides binding affinity and sensitivity of flow DiNM, this work demonstrated much higher accessibility to the on-site end users.
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Khilevsky, V. A. "PESTICIDES AND HONEY BEES". In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-60.

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Ghimire, Rakesh, Leah Utyasheva, Dilli Ram Sharma e Michael Eddleston. "716 Phase out of highly hazardous pesticides reduces intentional pesticide poisoning: experience from Nepal". In 15th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2024) abstracts, A149.1—A149. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2024-safety.356.

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Parulava, Giorgi. "SOME MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ECOLOGICAL BACKGROUND DURING THE USAGE OF POISON CHEMICALS AGAINST THE PATHOGENESIS OF BUXUS COLCHICA". In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/28022021/7431.

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It is proved, that the unique model of Georgian flora, Colchian box-tree (Buxus), is in the phase of ecological catastrophe. The chance of survivalis minimal in the refuges, gorges and mountain slopes. Relict or introductory plants of all Georgian box-tree species should be sprayed with pesticide “Dimelin” and tilled with fungicides. All types of Deltamethryn (Decis) pesticides must be removed from purging scheme, since, according to survey results, abovementioned drug is an ecological threat fot the human health and the fauna complexes.
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Vasanth, Nithin, G. Akash, K. R. Srikanth, Srikanth T. N. Pavan e Ruma Sinha. "Solar powered automatic pesticides sprayer". In 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecds.2017.8390099.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pesticides"

1

Graber, Ellen R., Linda S. Lee e M. Borisover. An Inquiry into the Phenomenon of Enhanced Transport of Pesticides Caused by Effluents. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570559.bard.

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The objective of this collaborative research project was to determine the factors that may cause enhanced pesticide transport under effluent irrigation. For s-triazines, the potential for enhanced transport through association with effluent dissolved organic matter (OM) was shown to be small in batch and column studies and in numerical simulations. High alkalinity and pH of treated effluents increased soil-solution pH for selected soil-effluent combinations, promoting the dissolution of soil OM and mobilizing otherwise OM-retained pesticides. Evapotranspiration in column studies resulted in increased pore-water concentrations of dissolved OM and some pesticide transport enhancement with the greatest effect observed with OM-poor soils. For ionogenic pesticides, effluent-induced increases in soil-solution pH increased the mobility of pesticides with acid dissociation constants within 2 pH units of the initial soil-solution pH. Effluents high in suspended solids and/or monovalent cations resulted in blockage of soil pores reducing water-flow velocity and/or changing flow paths. Reduced flow resulted in an increase in desorption time of soil sorbed pesticides, increasing the amount available for further transport with the net effect being soil texture dependent. In terms of pesticide degradation in soils, effluents appeared to have only a minor effect for the few pesticides investigated.
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Broufas, G. D., e R. J. M. Meijer. Pesticides side-effects. BioGreenhouse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/373602.

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3

Kennard, Nicole, e Cristiana Vagnoni. Pesticides and health. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pb43.

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This POSTbrief summarises the evidence on routes of human exposure to pesticides and potential impacts on human health. It outlines the regulations and surveillance programmes in place to track exposures and minimise risk. Finally, it comments on how regulatory changes after EU withdrawal could affect trade, industry and consumers.
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Johanna, Jacobi, Kiteme Boniface e Ottiger Fabian. Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) in Agro-industrial and Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), maggio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.3.en.

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Farms in the global South show heavy use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Some of these substances are banned in Switzerland and the European Union but are often produced and exported from there. Our messages draw on research findings from Kenya. They make the link to international conventions, highlight alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and call for phasing out “highly hazardous” substances in line with human rights and the precautionary principle.
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Amirav, Aviv, e Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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ter Horst, Mechteld, John Deneer, Harold van der Valk, Aung Kyaw Oo, San San Lwin, Sen Raw e Janhendrik Krook. Risk reduction of pesticides in Myanmar : interim report of the Dutch-Myanmar project of pesticide registration and pesticide risk reduction 2016-2018. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/447407.

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Abou-Donia, Mohamed B. Toxic Interactions of Prophylactic Drugs and Pesticides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luglio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424099.

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Costlow, J. D. Jr. Effects of pesticides on crab cheliped regeneration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6525222.

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Lehotay, Steven J., e Aviv Amirav. Fast, practical, and effective approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. United States Department of Agriculture, aprile 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695587.bard.

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Background to the topic: For food safety and security reasons, hundreds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants should be monitored in the food supply, but current methods are too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. As a result, only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop fast, practical, and effective new approaches for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to more pesticides, veterinary drugs and pollutants, further develop GC-MS and LC-MS with SMB and combine QuEChERS with GC-SMB-MS and LC-SMB-EI-MS to provide the “ultimate” approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in food. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: The original QuEChERS method was validated for more than 200 pesticide residues in a variety of food crops. For the few basic pesticides for which the method gave lower recoveries, an extensive solvent suitability study was conducted, and a buffering modification was made to improve results for difficult analytes. Furthermore, evaluation of the QuEChERS approach for fatty matrices, including olives and its oil, was performed. The QuEChERS concept was also extended to acrylamide analysis in foods. Other advanced techniques to improve speed, ease, and effectiveness of chemical residue analysis were also successfully developed and/or evaluated, which include: a simple and inexpensive solvent-in-silicone-tube extraction approach for highly sensitive detection of nonpolar pesticides in GC; ruggedness testing of low-pressure GC-MS for 3-fold faster separations; optimization and extensive evaluation of analyte protectants in GC-MS; and use of prototypical commercial automated direct sample introduction devices for GC-MS. GC-MS with SMB was further developed and combined with the Varian 1200 GCMS/ MS system, resulting in a new type of GC-MS with advanced capabilities. Careful attention was given to the subject of GC-MS sensitivity and its LOD for difficult to analyze samples such as thermally labile pesticides or those with weak or no molecular ions, and record low LOD were demonstrated and discussed. The new approach of electron ionization LC-MS with SMB was developed, its key components of sample vaporization nozzle and flythrough ion source were improved and was evaluated with a range of samples, including carbamate pesticides. A new method and software based on IAA were developed and tested on a range of pesticides in agricultural matrices. This IAA method and software in combination with GC-MS and SMB provide extremely high confidence in sample identification. A new type of comprehensive GCxGC (based on flow modulation) was uniquely combined with GC-MS with SMB, and we demonstrated improved pesticide separation and identification in complex agricultural matrices using this novel approach. An improved device for aroma sample collection and introduction (SnifProbe) was further developed and favorably compared with SPME for coffee aroma sampling. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LOD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope, and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade, and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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Arts, Gertie H. P. Risk assessment for microbial pesticides : summary report from the tasks performed by the Dutch working group on microbial pesticides. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/633070.

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