Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Péridots – Texture – Effets des hautes pressions"
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Tesi sul tema "Péridots – Texture – Effets des hautes pressions":
Mandolini, Tommaso. "Microstructural evolution of polymineralic aggregates deformed under high pressure and temperature : an in-situ and post-mortem study on olivine+serpentine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR047.
At plate tectonic boundaries, the lithosphere is deformed and strain localization occurs up to kilometers-scale, which can manifest in form of shear zones. The strain localization suggests the strength of the lithosphere is locally weakened. The formation of interconnected layers of weaker minerals in the lithosphere is a potential mechanism to achieve such weakening. Serpentinized peridotite is commonly found within and between tectonic plates. It is mainly composed of olivine and serpentine minerals. The latter is generally accepted to be weaker than olivine at geological strain rates. During deformation, strain is thus expected to preferentially partition into serpentine than into olivine. This can lead to the formation of interconnected weak layers (IWL) of serpentine where strain localizes.The present work is based on microstructural investigation to infer the strain accommodation in rocks. Olivine+serpentine aggregates with two compositions (10 and 20 vol.% serpentine) are used as a proxy for partially serpentinized peridotites. The aggregates are experimentally deformed in torsion at high pressures (HP, > 2 GPa) and high temperatures (HT, > 300°C) at an equivalent strain rate of 10-4 s-1. The experiments are coupled with in-situ absorption contrast X-ray tomography. I obtain 2D and 3D information on connectivity and structural layering in the microstructure of the ‘weak' serpentine. Electron microscopy is performed on recovered samples to link the in-situ X-ray tomography observations to the plastic properties of the phases.I first outline experimental and image-data processing procedures specific to in-situ HP experimental deformation. Then, I study the deformation of the aggregates with increasing shear deformation at multiple scales of observations. The main aim is to observe the onset and development of IWL in its microstructure. The relations between the morphology and plastic properties of the phases in the rock are investigated to understand the strain localization in serpentinized peridotite.The main results show the deformation regime in olivine+serpentine aggregates can be described as semi-brittle, with the dominant phase of olivine (‘stronger') mainly displaying brittle deformation, whereas the serpentine (‘weaker') showing a dominant ductile-style deformation. A strain γ of ca. 4-5, serpentine content of ca. 20 vol.%, and initial fraction of large clusters >15 vol.% determine the condition for IWL configuration in the olivine+serpentine aggregates. Conversely, at serpentine content of ca. 10 vol.%, IWL do not occur, independently of strain or initial clusters size distribution of serpentine. This is more consistent with a load-bearing framework (LBF) behavior, where the stronger olivine grains are jammed, and during deformation crush one another, leading to grain size reduction and accommodating much of the deformation in the rock. These findings suggest contents of serpentine >10 vol.% or ca. 20 vol.% define a threshold for crucial changes in the morphology, connectivity, percolation, of the weak serpentine in serpentinized peridotites under shear. This may lead to important changes in deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the rock.In light of these findings, I give some perspectives for strain localization and shear zones initiation in the lithosphere
Bollinger, Caroline. "Rhéologie de l’olivine polycristalline aux conditions du manteau supérieur : étude en D-DIA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10038.
This manuscript presents an experimental investigation of the effect of pressure on the rheology of olivine and forsterite. Indeed, the geodynamics of the Earth’s interior is not always well understood and needs input for experimental data. The movements of materials in the Earth mantle induce plastic deformation of the constitutive minerals and, particularly, are connected to the rheology of olivine, the main constituent of the upper mantle. Polycristalline olivine and forsterite are deformed in D-DIA at pressure-temperature conditions of the upper mantle, from 3 to 8 GPa and 1373-1673 K. Coupled with synchrotron radiations, applied stresses and developed lattice preferred orientations are measured in situ, with the addition of transmission electron microscopy observations on the run products. From these experimental data, rheological laws have been determined in dislocation-creep regime, under “wet” conditions and below 8GPa for both of these minerals. Pressure effect is observed with an activation volume of 12.8 ± (5) cm3.mol-1 for olivine. For forsterite, this parameter is 12.5 ± 5 cm3.mol-1, with a stress-exponent of n’= 2.35 (0.6). The water influence is apparently not significant compared to the pressure effect, and the iron-bearing olivine is more ductile than iron-free olivine.Developed textures show a dominant slip-system along the (010) plane below 8 GPa. Above, textures are weaker, leading to the conclusion that others slip-systems and/or deformation mechanisms take a part in the plasticity of the olivine. This transition is well correlated with the decreasing of the observed seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle below -200 km
Bollinger, Caroline. "Rhéologie de l’olivine polycristalline aux conditions du manteau supérieur : étude en D-DIA". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10038/document.
This manuscript presents an experimental investigation of the effect of pressure on the rheology of olivine and forsterite. Indeed, the geodynamics of the Earth’s interior is not always well understood and needs input for experimental data. The movements of materials in the Earth mantle induce plastic deformation of the constitutive minerals and, particularly, are connected to the rheology of olivine, the main constituent of the upper mantle. Polycristalline olivine and forsterite are deformed in D-DIA at pressure-temperature conditions of the upper mantle, from 3 to 8 GPa and 1373-1673 K. Coupled with synchrotron radiations, applied stresses and developed lattice preferred orientations are measured in situ, with the addition of transmission electron microscopy observations on the run products. From these experimental data, rheological laws have been determined in dislocation-creep regime, under “wet” conditions and below 8GPa for both of these minerals. Pressure effect is observed with an activation volume of 12.8 ± (5) cm3.mol-1 for olivine. For forsterite, this parameter is 12.5 ± 5 cm3.mol-1, with a stress-exponent of n’= 2.35 (0.6). The water influence is apparently not significant compared to the pressure effect, and the iron-bearing olivine is more ductile than iron-free olivine.Developed textures show a dominant slip-system along the (010) plane below 8 GPa. Above, textures are weaker, leading to the conclusion that others slip-systems and/or deformation mechanisms take a part in the plasticity of the olivine. This transition is well correlated with the decreasing of the observed seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle below -200 km
Ledoux, Estelle. "Microstructures de transformation et déformation dans le manteau terrestre : application au périclase et à la wadsleyite". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR050.
The microstructure of rocks depends on the conditions of pressure, temperature and deformation they undergo. In the Earth's mantle, microstructures affect the seismic signals, in the form of seismic anisotropy, for instance. The interpretation of seismic observations in terms of microstructures, however, requires a good knowledge of plastic deformation in mantle minerals.In this thesis, I am using laboratory experiments to investigate the microstructures that can form in mantle's minerals. I am focusing on three cases: the deformation of periclase at high pressure and high temperature, the transformation of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 olivine in wadsleyite at conditions relevant for the 410 km depth discontinuity in the mantle, and the deformation of wadsleyite at high-pressure and high-temperature.I identify microstructures in polycrysals resulting from deformation / transformation experiments using in-situ X-rays diffraction analysis using powder diffraction and multigrain crystallography, and post-mortem scanning and transmission electron microscopy characterization. My results show: i) that an increase of temperature induces a transition of dominant deformation mechanism in polycrystalline periclase, with dislocation creep at low temperatures and grain boundary sliding at 1270 K, ii) that an increase of pressure and temperature induces change of dominant slip systems in periclase, iii) that at conditions of the 410 km depth discontinuity, the transformation from olivine to wadsleyite is not martensitic and then erases the microstructures of the parent rocks, and iv) that the activity of the slip systems in wadsleyite, and so the texture and anisotropy, depend on the temperature and the water content of wadsleyite.Finally, from the microstructures observed in the deformed wadsleyite, I simulate seismic observables in different scenarii, a subduction zone and a mantle plume, and compare the results to seismic anisotropy from the literature to discuss the predictions of the mineralogy experiments
Mahendran, Srinivasan. "Modélisation numérique des propriétés de coeurs de dislocations dans l’Olivine (Mg2SiO4)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R014/document.
It is widely accepted that the dissipation of heat from the core to the surface of the Earth through a thermally insulating mantle is only possible by convection process. Mantle convection is responsible for a large number of geological activities that occur on the surface of the Earth such as plate tectonic, volcanism, etc. It involves plastic deformation of mantle minerals. In Earth’s interior, the outer most layer beneath the thin crust is the upper mantle. One of the most common mineral found in the upper mantle is the olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Knowledge of the deformation mechanisms of olivine is important for the understanding of flow and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. The experimental studies on the plastic deformation of olivine highlighting the importance of dislocations of Burgers vector [100] and [001]. In this work, we report a numerical modelling at the atomic scale of dislocation core structures and slip system properties in forsterite, at pressures relevant to the upper mantle condition. Computations are performed using the THB1 empirical potential and molecular statics. The energy landscapes associated with the dislocation mobility are computed with the help of nudge elastic band calculations. Therefore, with this work, we were able to predict the different possible dislocation core structures and some of their intrinsic properties. In particular, we show that at ambient pressure [100](010) and [001]{110} correspond to the primary slip systems of forsterite. Moreover, we propose an explanation for the “pencil glide” mechanism based on the occurrence of several dislocation core configurations for the screw dislocation of [100] Burgers vector
Mahendran, Srinivasan. "Modélisation numérique des propriétés de coeurs de dislocations dans l’Olivine (Mg2SiO4)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR014.
It is widely accepted that the dissipation of heat from the core to the surface of the Earth through a thermally insulating mantle is only possible by convection process. Mantle convection is responsible for a large number of geological activities that occur on the surface of the Earth such as plate tectonic, volcanism, etc. It involves plastic deformation of mantle minerals. In Earth’s interior, the outer most layer beneath the thin crust is the upper mantle. One of the most common mineral found in the upper mantle is the olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Knowledge of the deformation mechanisms of olivine is important for the understanding of flow and seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle. The experimental studies on the plastic deformation of olivine highlighting the importance of dislocations of Burgers vector [100] and [001]. In this work, we report a numerical modelling at the atomic scale of dislocation core structures and slip system properties in forsterite, at pressures relevant to the upper mantle condition. Computations are performed using the THB1 empirical potential and molecular statics. The energy landscapes associated with the dislocation mobility are computed with the help of nudge elastic band calculations. Therefore, with this work, we were able to predict the different possible dislocation core structures and some of their intrinsic properties. In particular, we show that at ambient pressure [100](010) and [001]{110} correspond to the primary slip systems of forsterite. Moreover, we propose an explanation for the “pencil glide” mechanism based on the occurrence of several dislocation core configurations for the screw dislocation of [100] Burgers vector
Gay, Jeffrey. "Microstructures and anisotropy of pyrolite in the Earth’s lower mantle : insights from high pressure/temperature deformation and phase transformation experiments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR043.
Microstructures in mantle rocks impact the way seismic waves travel through the Earth and are dependent on the pressure, temperature, and deformation applied to the rock. At approximately 660 km depth, an increase in seismic wave velocities mark a distinct boundary that separates the upper and lower mantle. Another boundary is found at approximately 2700 km depth and marks the beginning of the D" layer. Furthermore, observations of seismic anisotropy at these discontinuities have been made. These boundaries are largely believed to be related to phase transitions from ringwoodite [(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, space group Fd3m] to bridgmanite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3, space group Pbnm] to post-perovskite [(Mg,Fe)SiO3, space group Cmcm]. In order to make interpretations of these seismic observations, however, a sound understanding of what generates these microstructures is required.Here, we approach this problem through high pressure and high temperature experiments. We identify microstructures in polycrysalline mantle minerals resulting from in-situ transformation and deformation using radial and multigrain X-ray diffraction in the diamond anvil cell. In the first study we transform a bridgmanite analogue, NaCoF3, from a perovskite to post-perovskite structure. The following two studies investigate the transformation of an average mantle composition, pyrolite, at conditions relevant to the 660 km discontinuity and further deformation at pressures and temperatures corresponding to depths between 500 and 2400 km. In the final study, we test an aluminum rich 'pyrolite' composition (pyrolite minus olivine) in order to compare transformation and deformation microstructures to those observed in experiments on pure pyrolite.Results from radial diffraction experiments show the transformation from perovskite to post-perovskite in NaCoF3 are reconstructive in nature and for which we identify the orientation relationships. Major takeaways from the multigrain X-ray diffraction experiments are as follows: i) the decomposition from (ringwoodite + garnet) to (bridgmanite + davemaoite + ferropericlase) result in non-reconstructive 001 transformation textures in bridgmanite, 101 and 111 textures in davemaoite, and no preferred orientation in ferropericlase. ii) With further deformation, bridgmanite changes to 100 and 010 orientations with no change in either davemaoite or ferropericlase. iii) Textures in bridgmanite and davemaoite in pyrolite minus olivine are similar to those observed in our experiments on pure pyrolite.Finally, we use the results of these experiments to build a model for S and P-wave seismic anisotropy within a subducting slab and the surrounding mantle for multiple scenarios and compare our results to those of the literature. This interplay between experiments and seismic models are important in order to provide constraints on deformation, dynamics, and history of the Earth's interior
Couvy, Hélène. "Experimental deformation of fosterite, wadsleyite and ringwoodite : implications for seismic anisotropy of the Earth's mantle". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/20a4058e-6551-48e6-8d30-59857aa01f67.