Tesi sul tema "Performances hygrothermiques et énergétiques"
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Costantine, Georges. "EOPEBEC - Etude et optimisation des performances énergétiques d’une enveloppe en béton de chanvre pour le bâtiment". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS015/document.
In a context of global warming and planned end of fossil fuels, the construction industry aims to reduce by 38% its energy consumption and to achieve 10% of bio-based materials used in construction in 2020. Thus, the hemp concrete can play a major role thanks to its positive environmental impact and its hygrothermal properties that allow it to ensure a role of heat damper and comfort stabilizer. Or hygrothermal behavior of hemp concrete throughout the building is little discussed in the literature and never for commercial buildings. The main objective of this project is to fill this gap by studying and optimizing the energy performance of a hemp concrete building designed for offices and / or classrooms. To ensure inside thermal comfort, different technical solutions will be coupled to the building and compared with each other: - A double flow thermodynamical ventilation combining a heat pump with a double flow central. - A simple flow ventilation associated to a pipe system which recovers heat from the basement to preheat ventilation air in winter and cool in the summer. - A double flow ventilation associated to a Canadian well. Through computer simulation and measurements made initially at the level of components, it will be possible to evaluate the potential of each component on the energy and hygrothermal comfort of commercial buildings mainly integrating the project boundary Grand Campus Reims but also can be extended to other French specificity climates
Rouchier, Simon. "Évaluation des performances hygrothermiques des matériaux de construction endommagés". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761749.
Greffet, Rémy. "Études expérimentale et numérique des performances énergétiques d'une fenêtre pariétodynamique". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS020/document.
The massive use of fossil energies is largely responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the growth in energy demand and the depletion of fossil resources lead to an increase in energy costs. The response to this challenge requires two means of action which are linked : the reduction of energy consumption and the use of renewable energy. The airflow window acts on the two main ways of building heat losses that are windows and the ventilation. The principle of the studied airflow window is based on the circulation of fresh air, by forced convection, between the three glasses of the window before entering the building. This allows air to recover both a part of heat losses through the window and part of the solar energy absorbed by the glasses. To study the thermo-aeraulic behavior and thermal performances of the window, we have developed a numerical model of the studied airflow window. An experimental set up was used to validate the numerical model and compare, in real conditions, the studied window performances to the ones of a conventional double-glazed window. These experimental results were complemented by a numerical parametric study for different climatic and operating conditions.The main information from these experimental and numerical studies are that the preheating of the air takes place essentially in the inner air gap, temperature in the first air layer remaining close to the outdoor one. In addition, unlike the temperatures of the inside face and of the blown air, the outer face temperature of the window is not greatly affected by the studied parameters. On the window frame, we found that it also benefits of heat exchanges with the circulating air, but to a lesser extent. This makes the window energy efficient. Finally, by coupling the developed model to a thermal building simulation software, we evaluated the airflow windows integration potential in a house. We thus demonstrated that the heat load is reduced by about 20 to 30% by the use of airflow windows instead of conventional double-glazed windows. Moreover, in summer, when indoor is cooler than outdoor, we pointed out that the airflow window cools the incoming fresh air
Wu, Dongxia. "Experimental and numerical study on passive building envelope integrated by PCM and bio-based concrete". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0104.
With the development of society, the demand for energy saving and carbon emission reduction in buildings as well as the indoor thermal and humidity environment comfort is gradually increasing. Using Phase change materials (PCMs) or bio-based hygroscopic materials as building envelopes are promising solutions. PCMs can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption, while bio-based hygroscopic materials are environment-friendly materials that enable indoor humidity regulation and thermal insulation. However, only a few studies have explored the integrated application of the two types of materials and comprehensively analyzed the energy and hygrothermal performance. This dissertation proposed a passive envelope solution that integrates PCM and bio-based hemp concrete (HC) to simultaneously improve the energy, thermal, and hygric performances of buildings. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of the integrated envelopes, to comprehensively study the hygrothermal and energy performance as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different configurations with PCM placed in different locations of the HC, and to conduct the parametric analysis and evaluate the application risks of the integrated envelope.First, experiments were conducted by comparing the hygrothermal performance of a reference envelope (HC only) and three integrated envelopes with PCM placed in different locations under two typical boundary conditions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the integrated envelopes. The presence of PCM increased the thermal and hygric inertia of the envelope. As a result, the time delay was increased and the temperature/relative humidity amplitude was decreased. Different configurations had different advantages and disadvantages. The configurations with PCM placed in the middle of the HC was worth noting as it had small temperature/relative humidity fluctuation, long temperature time delay, and large energy savings.Then, the mathematical model of the integrated envelope that couples heat and moisture transfer and considers the temperature dependence of HC’s hygroscopic characteristic was developed. The accuracy of the model was validated by comparison with the experimental data. Based on the validated model, the simulations were performed in a Mediterranean climate to comprehensively investigate the hygrothermal and energy performance of the integrated envelope. The results highlighted the indispensable role moisture transfer plays in determining the indoor hygric environment and heat load, as well as the valuable effect of the integrated envelope on improving both energy and hygrothermal performance. Besides, the integrated envelope with PCM close to (but not in contact with) the interior showed great potential for saving energy and adapting to climate humidity variation while guaranteeing moisture equilibrium within the HC.Finally, the parametric analysis was performed from the perspective of PCM properties (thickness, latent heat, and phase transition range), and the application (condensation and mold growth) risk was evaluated. The results of the parametric analysis illustrated that the performance of the integrated envelope could be improved by increasing the thickness and latent heat and identifying the appropriate phase transition range of the PCM. The risk evaluation results confirmed that the integrated envelope was free from the risk of condensation and mold growth
Forquet, Valérian. "Composés polyazotés dérivés d'hydrazines : synthèse, caractérisation et modélisation quantique des performances énergétiques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942634.
Forquet, Valérian. "Composés polyazotés dérivés d’hydrazines : synthèse, caractérisation et modélisation quantique des performances énergétiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10328/document.
High nitrogen content energetic compounds, envisioned as a first step towards High EnergyDensity Materials (HEDM) for space propulsion, were prepared from hydrazine derivatives. Indeed,the formation of nitrogen gas (N−−−N) from an N−−N bond yields a lot of energy and even morefrom an N−N bond. Hence, an amination reaction on unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)yielded a 2,2-dimethyltriazanium salt, containing three consecutive single-bonded nitrogen atoms.The initial inorganic anion was then exchanged with the following nitrogen-rich anions in order toyield energetic salts: 5-aminotetrazolate, 5-nitrotetrazolate, 5,5’-azobistetrazolate, azide, nitroformateand dinitramide. For safety reasons, the ion metathesis of the azide salt was conductedby electrodialysis and the sensitivities of all compounds towards both impact and friction wereevaluated in accordance with standard procedures. Reliable heats of formation of the compoundswith the highest nitrogen content were obtained by oxygen bomb calorimetry. These values werethen computed with quantum mechanical methods and compared with known procedures reportedin the literature, whose theoretical backgrounds have been discussed. Consequently, theprocedure resulting in the best match between calculated and experimental heats of formation wasidentified. The precision of the method used herein exceeds that of recent results from renownedresearch groups in this field. Thus, the various techniques introduced during the course of thiswork will enable our laboratory to progress more efficiently in this area of research
Arnal, Etienne. "Modélisation et commande hiérarchisées du bâtiment pour l'amélioration des performances énergétiques, thermiques et optiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873975.
Lasbet, Yahia. "Performances hydrodynamiques, thermiques et énergétiques de géométries chaotiques : application au refroidissement des PEMFC". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2011.
This study focuses on improving the thermal performance of heat exchangers integrated into the bipolar plates of the PEMFC type fuel cells. The current design of heat exchangers in these applications is based on a network of straight channels machined in the bipolar plates. We present a numerical and experimental study of a new cooling system dedicated to this application. In this work, we propose a new design that can generate chaotic fluid trajectories. Several geometries are designed and tested. An initial selection of geometries was made by calculating the ratio between the Poiseuille number and the Nusselt number. When this ratio is the weakest, the compromise heat transfer- pressure losses is the best. This criterion is issued from the first law of thermodynamics. In a second step, the selected geometries were characterized by two approaches (the second law and Exergy approach). The second law approach reveals that the energy dissipated due to the viscous dissipation is negligible in laminar flow. The analysis of the degradation of energy for different geometries shows that the geometry for which the convective heat transfer coefficient is higher is also the one in which the degradation of energy is the lowest
Munaretto, Fabio. "Étude de l'influence de l'inertie thermique sur les performances énergétiques des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01068784.
Zalewski, Laurent. "Etude thermique expérimentale et simulation numérique d'un mur solaire composite : optimisation des performances énergétiques". Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTO0005.
Rameh, Hala. "Instrumentation optimale pour le suivi des performances énergétiques d’un procédé industriel". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM032/document.
Energy efficiency is becoming an essential research area in the scientific community given its importance in the fight against current and future energy crises. The analysis of the energy performances of the industrial processes requires the determination of the quantities involved in the mass and energy balances. Hence: how to choose the placement of the measurement points in an industrial site to find the values of all the energy indicators, without engendering an excess of unnecessary information due to redundancies (reducing measurements costs) and while respecting an accepted level of accuracy of the results ? The first part presents the formulation of the instrumentation problem which aims to guaranteeing a minimal observability of the system in favor of the key variables. This problem is combinatory. A method of validation of the different sensors combinations has been introduced. It is based on the structural interpretation of the matrix representing the process. The issue of long computing times while addressing medium and large processes was tackled. Sequential methods were developed to find a set of different sensor networks to be used satisfying the observability requirements, in less than 1% of the initial required computation time. The second part deals with the choice of the optimal instrumentation scheme. The difficulty of uncertainty propagation in a problem of variable size was addressed. To automate the evaluation of the uncertainty for all the found sensor networks, the proposed method suggested modeling the process based on binary parameters. Finally, the complete methodology is applied to an industrial case and the results were presented
Hagi, Hayato. "Optimisation rationnelle des performances énergétiques et environnementales d’une centrale à charbon pulvérisé fonctionnant en oxy-combustion". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0041/document.
The objective of the thesis is the conception of an optimized oxy-fired pulverized-coal power plant. Such a power plant is constituted of an oxygen production system (ASU), a boiler, power cycle, depollution equipments and a CO2 purification and compression system (CPU). After a first step consists in understanding, analyzing and modeling the different processes composing the oxy-combustion system; the work will focus on the optimization of the performances and the configuration of the power plant by minimizing exergy destructions while ensuring economic competitiveness of the obtained solution. At the end of the thesis, the origins of the exergetic losses in the system as well as the thermal integration scheme allowing the maximization of the energetic gains at power plant level will be identified. Additionally, the most adapted flue gas depollution strategies will be defined and the new integrated process schemes will be evaluated on both a techno-economic and flexibility basis
Atta, Atta Pascal. "Étude des performances énergétiques et environnementales du biodiesel pour la production de l'électricité en Côte d'Ivoire". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1160/document.
Some remote areas in Côte d’Ivoire are not covered by the interconnected grid. For these areas, the electricity needs of people are met by diesel generators. There are some risks with the use of diesel as fossil fuel such as the threat to the electricity supply of these areas and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. These risks make alternative energy a major concern. Among the solutions that could be considered, we propose the jatropha biodiesel as energy source used in the diesel generators to produce electricity in these remote areas. However, it’s important before considering such a project to study its feasibility. It is the work dedicated to this thesis where the environmental and energy performances of jatropha biodiesel used as fuel by diesel generator have been studied through the life cycle assessment completed by an exergy analysis, technical analysis and economical analysis
Atta, Atta Pascal. "Étude des performances énergétiques et environnementales du biodiesel pour la production de l'électricité en Côte d'Ivoire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1160.
Some remote areas in Côte d’Ivoire are not covered by the interconnected grid. For these areas, the electricity needs of people are met by diesel generators. There are some risks with the use of diesel as fossil fuel such as the threat to the electricity supply of these areas and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. These risks make alternative energy a major concern. Among the solutions that could be considered, we propose the jatropha biodiesel as energy source used in the diesel generators to produce electricity in these remote areas. However, it’s important before considering such a project to study its feasibility. It is the work dedicated to this thesis where the environmental and energy performances of jatropha biodiesel used as fuel by diesel generator have been studied through the life cycle assessment completed by an exergy analysis, technical analysis and economical analysis
Nguyen, Thi Thuy Quynh. "Identification des propriétés morphologiques et hygrothermiques hétérogènes de nouveaux composites hautes performances soumis à des cycles de vieillissement thermo-hygro-mécaniques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978753.
Haillot, Didier. "Matériaux composites à hautes performances énergétiques pour l’optimisation des chauffe-eau solaires individuels : du matériau au procédé". Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0999.
This thesis takes place in a partnership between the PROMES laboratory and the Saunier Duval industry, part of the Vaillant Group, with the aim of improving the performance of solar domestic hot water (SDHW) system. Potential of phase change materials (PCM) for this particular application is investigated in this study. Our approach has been to associate the study of composites (preparation and characterization) and also the analysis of the process to achieve optimal integration of the material in the system. In the first part we have elaborated and characterized composite based on compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) and PCM in order to validate the existence of materials having the characteristics necessary for the planned feature. The second part of this work aims to quantify the performance of a SDHW which includes the composite material previously developed. A numerical approach allows us to simulate the thermal behaviour and the efficiency of such a system. Analysis of these numerical results will give rise to several conclusion and prospects
Tissot, Julien. "Amélioration des performances énergétiques et environnementales des systèmes frigorifiques au moyen de la brumisation des condenseurs à air". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10099/document.
The application of water mist in the air upstream of the air-cooled condensers can reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration. The advantage of water mist is the lowering of air temperature obtained by evaporation of the spray. The optimization of this method provides an efficiency approaching that of evaporative systems while eliminating the risk of development and transport of bacteria such as legionella. The problem is addressed here in two ways: the first theoretical and numerical (using the code MIRABELLES and development of a model heat exchange air-droplet/condenser) and the second experiment (establishment of a pilot and a heat pump). Using the code MIRABELLES, it was determined the characteristics of a spray operating in a given environment and its impact on the lowering of air temperature. The digital data obtained have guided the choice of materials and the experimental using condition of water mist. Measurements on the pilot show the improvement of heat exchange between air and the condenser by means of the mist and quantify the influence of the impact drops/condenser fins. The application of the mist on the heat pump has highlighted the gains in power consumption and the increase in refrigeration. The comparison of all experimental results with the numerical results has validated the thermal model simulating the interaction between a droplet-laden air and water condenser
Kaboré, Madi. "Enjeux de la simulation pour l'étude des performances énergétiques des bâtiments en Afrique sub-saharienne". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA001/document.
In sub-Saharan African countries, the energy context, the high urban growth, inadequate construction techniques and climate offer great potential for bio-climatic approach and sustainable construction particularly on the energy level. However, this potential and the use of passive cooling techniques are weakly explored. To do so, it requires a good knowledge of building’s behaviour and their adaptation to the climatic context. As part of our contribution to this issue, a study on the thermal behaviour of buildings is initiated by numerical simulation. Indeed the building’s energy performance simulation tools are becoming more essential in the building’s design processes and analysis. Investigations are conducted on a building built with typical materials in Burkina Faso by following two main approaches. In the first approach a model of the building is faced with measurements from field experiments on the building. A calibration methodology based on the sensitivity analysis and optimization has been applied for the comparison of results. This helped to calibrate the model and diagnostic studies are performed.In the second approach, investigations on methods which can help to improve the building performance are realized through the application building performance simulation as a design aid tool. Interoperability and optimization techniques are used to deal with passive cooling techniques and their impacts on the building thermal behaviour are assessed. Finally in this work analysis techniques and performance criteria are used to characterize and make recommendations on building designs for the tropical climate context
Boukhalfa, Kamel. "Caractérisation, suivi et optimisation des performances thermiques et énergétiques de parois légères : application à un concept de logments locatifs en filière sèche". Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0209.
The work completed in this thesis more particularly relates to the thermal and energy characteristics of individual residences from the dry die (construction with light walls). The essential object of our work is to analyze the thermal behavior of the extremely light envelope of the building and thus of weak thermal inertia. The blade of air ventilated constituting a part of the outer jacket of the process was the subject of a thermal analysis by means of an instrumentation (fluxmeters and thermocouples) installation within the wall. In this work, we qualitatively highlight these cold bridges by infra-red thermography and quantitatively by the installation of fluxmeters. These observations "cold bridges" will be validated by a computer code. Finally this same fluxmetric instrumentation was used in situ in the thermal analysis of the envelope under the effect of real requests. It will also enable us to see the impact of this type of construction on the power consumption
Penven, Géraldine. "Encapsulation de dispositifs symbiotiques implantables : évaluation de la biocompatibilité et des performances". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS046/document.
The development of implantable medical devices (IMD) provides for more efficient treatment in specific healthcare applications. Such devices are isolated and autonomous within the host organism. Their function does not usually require any input from the host, with the main function of the IMD being typically to stimulate tissues (e.g. muscles, nerves) or to release molecules (e.g. osmotic pump). New generations of IMD that rely on the on continuous duplex interactions with the living organism are being developed. The key aspect of such IMD is the interface with the internal environment of the body. This interface plays a crucial role because it must ensure a perfect symbiosis between the IMD and the host. For example, the interface must both protect the IMD from the complex and powerful inflammatory and immune mechanisms in addition to providing an efficient communication pathway with the host organism. Furthermore, this interface also protects the body from the potentially aggressive elements that can be released by the IMD. The research described in this manuscript is focused to the manufacture and characterisation of a material that can be used to coat IMD so as to optimise both the biocompatibility and efficient functions of the IMD.In this context, the research described here has focused on hydrogels of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) physically polymerized by a freeze/thaw method. Indeed, the semi-crystalline structure of PVA allows modification of the porosity and mechanical properties by varying the parameters of the production process. We therefore performed physico-chemical characterisations of PVA hydrogels (mechanical properties, porosity and diffusivity) before studying in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility. We tuned the PVA membranes to a specific IMD that relied upon duplex communication for its function (i.e. the implantable glucose biofuel cell) and analyzed the performance of PVA to provide an optimised coating. The results report an optimised manufacturing process for PVA that provides for the IMD (i) a solid and easily handled membrane, (ii) a porous membrane optimised for the diffusion of glucose and oxygen to the IMD bioelectrodes, and (iii) a protective membrane against proteins of larger dimension
Moubdi, Nabila. "Méthodes de compensation des fluctuations des procédés de fabrication en vue d'ajustement des performances temporelles et énergétiques d'un système-sur-puce". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20096.
The new requirement for nanometer CMOS technologies enabling optimal speedand power performances is to increase the integrated circuits' robustness under thefluctuation of the PVT parameters: Process (P), Voltage (V), and Temperature (T). In thisway, identifying the exact process on a die per die basis using on-chip sensors or ringoscillators becomes a necessity. This hardware (sensors) is used to measure the intrinsicperformance of the silicon either during industrial test or while applications are running. Thesensors' data are converted to a digital format in order to classify parts at the manufacturingstage (speed binning). Within this context, the present thesis has focused on the developmentof post-manufacturing compensation algorithms in order to minimise power consumptionand/or maximise speed. More precisely, the algorithms validated at the silicon level combineboth the voltage scaling for large-grain tuning, and the body biasing for fine-grain tuning
Lazrak, Amine. "Caractérisation des performances énergétiques des systèmes thermiques innovants pour le bâtiment au travers d'essais de courte durée en régime dynamique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA031/document.
Solar thermal systems combined with a backup system such as a boiler, a heat pump or incorporating an absorption chiller, can play an important role in reducing buildings energy consumption for heating, cooling and hot water production needs. In this sense, characterizing the energy performance of thermal systems is crucial.Currently available methods of system characterization are either based on several separate physical tests of system components to be evaluated, which do not take into account the real interactions between them, or on physical models that can be complex and difficult to identify especially because systems nowadays are compact and prefabricated in the factory. Due to the lack of a reliable method to estimate the performance of solar thermal systems before their integration into buildings, their market faces a lot of impediment to be developed.In this context, it becomes essential to develop a generic methodology that can be applied to different types of systems which overcomes the difficulties encountered by the current ones.The proposed evaluation approach in this manuscript is composed of four main steps: determining a test sequence, testing the system in a semi-virtual test bench according to predetermined sequence, data acquisition and identifying an artificial neural network (ANN) of the system and finally the model simulation in order to estimate the system consumption in the desired boundary condition. Using a completely "black box" model of the whole system using the ANN makes the methodology totally "non-intrusive". No prior knowledge about the systems internal parameters (yields, thermal conductivities, regulation etc.) is necessary to apply the proposed approach.The methodology validation was performed through several numerical experiments for seven systems coming from three different typologies. During the validation process, ANN estimates were compared with calculations of physical models in several different conditions (quality of building, climate and collector area). The developed approach was applied to five real systems as well. The application results allowed the confirmation of the methodology relevance
Elkari, Abdeljalil. "Une approche technologique de la consommation d'électricité des équipements de bureautique et des moyens à mettre en œuvre pour améliorer leurs performances énergétiques et environnementales". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10573.
Burgun, Christophe. "Caractérisation et modélisation des besoins énergétiques d'un tracteur agricole : application à l'étude des performances en lien avec les lubrifiants du groupe motopropulseur". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066824.
Micolier, Alice. "Développement d’une méthodologie d’évaluation cohérente et intégrée de l’impact des choix de conception sur la qualité de l’air intérieur et les performances énergétiques et environnementales des bâtiments résidentiels". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0380.
The construction sector is undergoing a profound transformation driven by energy and environmental concerns. The design solutions proposed to meet these objectives must not compromise indoor air quality (IAQ). Despite the major public health risks associated with this issue, design actors lack tools to assess the performance of the design solutions in terms of IAQ. This thesis aims to address this challenge by proposing a consistent and integrated methodology for evaluating the health, energy and environmental performance of building design solutions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been identified as a relevant methodology for integrating into a standardised methodological framework the evaluation of the building performance in terms of IAQ, energy and environment through common impact metrics.In order to better characterise the impacts generated by indoor air pollution and energy consumption during the operational phase of the building, we developed a numerical model coupling heat and mass transfers in the building envelope. This model evaluates the emission of pollutants from building materials (inventory) until their fate in indoor environments (transport) as a function of the temperature. The integration of this model into the LCA allowed us to quantify the impact of different construction materials on the indoor and outdoor environment of the building and to compare them with the impacts generated during their production and end of life phase. The results obtained show the sensitivity of this model to behaviour-driven parameters.The occupant has a major role in the problem of IAQ and its consideration is a key element to quantify occupants’ exposure to indoor pollutants with fewer uncertainties. We developed an agent-based model simulating human behaviour within residential buildings using an advanced cognitive architecture that integrates both the deliberative and social behaviour of occupants. By coupling the pollutant transport model with the human behavioural agent model, we explored to which extent the exposure to indoor pollution is sensitive to the occupants' lifestyle and the occupants' behaviour influences the fate of pollutants in indoor environments. This is a preliminary step in estimating a confidence interval of the simulation results, paving the way for a performance guarantee process in terms of IAQ
Staropoli, Carine. "Choix Publics en Environnements Concurrentiels et Réglementés". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608328.
Zhai, Yun. "La Compagnie française de tramways et d’éclairage électriques de Shanghai. De la construction à l’exploitation : performances, stratégies et structures (1901-1961)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL043.
As the largest French public utilities operator in the first half of the twentieth century in China, the Compagnie française de tramways et d'éclairage électriques de Shanghai (abbreviated to CFTE) is a representative case of successfully applying the concession model abroad. The Franco-Belgian capital agreement enabled the company to monopolize the parallel services of electricity, water, and public transport (tramway, trolleybus and bus) in the Shanghai French Concession. However, the financial and technical operations of CFTE have been no less challenged by a series of local and global events. This thesis aims to study the firm's performances throughout its operation. Firstly, CFTE's success is attributable to the support and protection of the French Concession's public authorities. Secondly, the pricing and adaptation strategies employed by the company are key to its good performances. Thirdly, CFTE has taken a policy that is both cooperative and competitive with its Chinese and Anglo-Saxon counterparts based outside its zone of influence. Compared with its "bold" Anglo-Saxon competitor, CFTE has not escaped a trend toward mericanization which is particularly reflected in the evolution of its structural organization
El, Fgaier Faycal. "Conception, production et qualification des briques en terre cuite et en terre crue". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0023/document.
Nowadays, the reduction of energy consumption in buildings industry represents a major issue in industrialized countries’ policies. In France, the building sector consumes about 43% of final energy and accounts for nearly a quarter of the national emissions of greenhouse gas emissions [ADEME]. It is considered as a key factor to overcome the environmental challenges we have to face.In front of these significant challenges, the thermal regulations requirements were seriously intensified during the last 40 years until the notification of the thermal regulation 2012. This latter enable the construction of low energy buildings (BBC) whose consumption is equivalent to 50 kWh/m² per year on average. This new regulation provides a strong incentive for innovation of materials, products and envelope systems. Under these conditions, improving hygrothermal performance of building materials will allow a substantial economic and environmental benefits. This work was conducted in this context. It aims to study and improve the performance of the company Briqueteries du Nord (BdN) products. It is divided in two main axis: the first consists on studying the thermal inertia and hygroscopic capacity of unfired clay bricks. However, the second axis aims to develop possible solutions for improving the thermal resistance of fired clay bricks. This research was conducted in the laboratory of the Ecole Centrale de Lille with close collaboration with the University of Artois and the BdN company
Monlau, Florian. "Application of pretreatments to enhance biohydrogen and/or biomethane from lignocellulosic residues : linking performances to compositional and structural features". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20178/document.
In the future, various forms of renewable energy, such as second generation biofuels from lignocellulosic residues, will be required to replace fossil fuels. Among these, biohydrogen and methane produced through fermentative processes appear as interesting candidates. However, biohydrogen and/or methane production of lignocellulosic residues is often limited by the recalcitrant structure and a pretreatment step prior to fermentative processes is often required. Up to date, informations on lignocellulosic characteristics limiting both hydrogen and methane production are limited.Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effect of compositional and structural features of lignocellulosic residues on biohydrogen and methane performances for further developping appropriate pretreatments strategies. Firstly, a panel of twenty lignocellulosic residues was used to correlate both hydrogen and methane potentials with the compositional and structural characteristics. The results showed that hydrogen potential positively correlated with soluble carbohydrates only. Secondly, methane potential correlated negatively with lignin content and, in a lesser extent, with crystalline cellulose, but positively with the soluble carbohydrates, amorphous holocelluloses and protein contents. Pretreatments strategies were further developed to enhance both hydrogen and methane production of sunflower stalks. Dilute-acid and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments, which were found efficient in solubilizing holocelluloses into soluble carbohydrates, were applied prior to biohydrogen potential tests. By combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment, hydrogen potential was fifteen times more than that of untreated samples. On the contrary, hydrogen production was inhibited after dilute-acid pretreatments due to the release of byproducts (furfural, 5-HMF and phenolic compounds) that led to microbial communities shift toward no hydrogen producing bacteria. Similarly, methane production, five thermo-chemical pretreatments (NaOH, H2O2, Ca(OH)2, HCl and FeCl3) found efficient in delignification or solubilization of holocelluloses, were considered. Among these pretreatments, the best conditions were 55°C with 4% NaOH for 24 h and led to an increase of 29-44 % in methane potential of sunflower stalks. This pretreatment condition was validated in one stage anaerobic mesophilic continuous digester for methane production and was found efficient to enhance from 26.5% the total energy produced compared to one stage-CH4 alone. Two-stage H2 (batch) / CH4 (continuous) process was also investigated. Nevertheless, in term of energy produced, no significant differences were observed between one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2 /CH4
Lapisa, Remon. "Étude du rafraîchissement passif de bâtiments commerciaux ou industriels". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS031/document.
Commercial and industrial buildings represent a significant part of total energy demand. The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior and airflows of commercial or industrial buildings (low-rise and large volume) by numerical simulations, to improve their thermal performance in order to reduce their energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort of the occupants. The first part of this study consists in identifying and evaluating the keys factors that affect the energy demand and thermal comfort of these buildings. Using the developed models (multizone and zonal), we present the impact of the most important parameters (building orientation, thermal insulation, radiative properties of the roof, soil, internal thermal inertia, air diffusion…) on energy consumption and thermal comfort. We have identified here that the main influencing parameters can be found in the design of the roof and the ground floor considering the energy performance of the studied building. The developed model is then applied to a real commercial building. Results showed that the predictions are in good agreement with the measurements and that night-time natural ventilation can be an efficient passive cooling technique to avoid overheating in summer. In the second part, we evaluate the efficiency of different passive cooling techniques (thermal insulation, night-time natural ventilation, cool roof…) applied to ensure the thermal comfort in winter as well as in summer while minimizing the energy consumption. Finally, an optimization study is proposed to determine the optimal set of parameters for both objective functions considering the passive cooling techniques and the energy demand according to different climatic zones
Mahrouk, Abdelhadi. "Étude des performances de tribologie des composites et nano-composites de fibres naturelles à base de polyéthylène (PE) : application aux engrenages pour l'évaluation des performances énergétiques". Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/8841/1/032273493.pdf.