Tesi sul tema "Performance environnemental"
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Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028.
Testo completoThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
Radhouane, Ikram. "Analyse de l'impact des pratiques de reporting environnemental sur la performance des entreprises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0435.
Testo completoThis doctoral research focus on the voluntary environmental information released by French firms in their annual reports and sustainability reports through five articles. The aim of this thesis is to provide better understanding of the potential benefits achieved by firms through communicated their environmental engagement to their external stakeholders. Using a sample of French listed firms belonging to the SBF 120 stock index over an eleven-year period (2001-2011), this research examines the mechanisms by which environmental reporting can influence firms’ financial performance. First, it illustrates the potential benefits for firms that report more on environmental initiatives, with regard to two important categories of stakeholders: shareholders and customers. Second, it investigates circumstances under which firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries can obtain financial benefits from the disclosure of their environmental initiatives. Our findings show that firms can reap economic benefits arising from environmental information disclosed to shareholders and customers
Ahmed, Sajjad. "Stakeholders, Environmental Performance and Firm Value". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0052.
Testo completoThe dissertation comprises of three empirical essays examining the impacts of EP on firm value. We capitalize from a vast body of existing knowledge on environmental performance. On the one hand, based on neoclassical economists' view, investing in environmental engagement is considered as a deviation from the fundamental social responsibility of profit maximization (Friedman, 1970). On the other hand, in line with the propositions of natural resource based view (Cohen et al. 1995; Song et al., 2017; Shabbir and Wisdom; 2020), investing in environmental engagement may improve financial performance of firm. The 1st chapter explains how EP have an impact on firm value, highlighting the role of various stakeholders in this relationship. It specifically leads us to the main research question about the assumed relationship between the stakeholders' oriented environmental practices of firms and overall firm value. The second chapter discusses the mediating role of EP in the relationship between country-level environmental policies and firm value. Utilizing data of 2014 from Environmental Performance Index, DataStream and Trucost, we analyzed a sample of 4,681 observations to assess the relationship between country level carbon policies and its impacts on the firm value. Performing GSEM, we found a positive indirect relationship between countries' carbon policies and firm value. It indicates that countries' carbon policies improve firms' EP, which ultimately translates into improved firm value. This demonstrates that country-level carbon policies not only improve the environmental practices of firms but also overall firm value. This relationship is explained by three different channels i.e. “walk-channel” through decreased carbon emission, “talk-channel” through increased carbon disclosure, and “walk-then-talk” channel through a combination of both decreased emission and increased disclosure.In the 3rd chapter, we discuss the role of consumer environmental awareness as a detrimental factor of improved EP of firm and then examine its moderating impact on firms' FP. Using data on environmental awareness from Greendex, and environmental and financial data from Thomson Reuters Asset4, we performed (OLS) regression on 5,697 observations consisting of a sample of 1,139 firms from 18 countries, we find a negative moderating impact of consumer environmental awareness on the FP of companies. Our results demonstrated a positive direct impact of consumer environmental awareness on firms' environmental and financial performance. However, we came across a negative indirect EP-FP link as moderated through consumers' environmental consciousness. This is primarily because of two important factors. Firstly, in countries with high consumer environmental awareness, consumers are demanding more from companies and even environmentally high performing companies do not meet the expectations of consumers. Secondly, assessment of EP in these countries is majorly the portfolio of governments and institutions and consumers rely on what is propagated to them by these (Xiao et al, 2018). Thirdly, along with environmental awareness, consumers are also price conscious that leads them to overlook environmental variables while making a purchase decision hence impacting the overall firm value.4th chapter delves into examining the relationship between environmental shareholder activism on the financial performance, i.e. firm value Using data on EP from Thomson Reuters Asset4 and environmental shareholder activism (ESA) data of 2,281 observations from Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), we find a positive EP-FP link as moderated through environmental shareholder activism. Overall, if high carbon intensity of firms is detrimental to their financial performance, we find that the role of country level carbon policies, consumers' environmental consciousness, and environmental shareholder activism have their mediating and moderating impacts on this relationship
Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028/document.
Testo completoThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
Gondran, Natacha. "Système de diffusion d'information pour encourager les PME-PMI à améliorer leurs performances environnementales". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804929.
Testo completoRadhouane, Ikram. "Analyse de l'impact des pratiques de reporting environnemental sur la performance des entreprises". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0435.
Testo completoThis doctoral research focus on the voluntary environmental information released by French firms in their annual reports and sustainability reports through five articles. The aim of this thesis is to provide better understanding of the potential benefits achieved by firms through communicated their environmental engagement to their external stakeholders. Using a sample of French listed firms belonging to the SBF 120 stock index over an eleven-year period (2001-2011), this research examines the mechanisms by which environmental reporting can influence firms’ financial performance. First, it illustrates the potential benefits for firms that report more on environmental initiatives, with regard to two important categories of stakeholders: shareholders and customers. Second, it investigates circumstances under which firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries can obtain financial benefits from the disclosure of their environmental initiatives. Our findings show that firms can reap economic benefits arising from environmental information disclosed to shareholders and customers
Blanchette, Danièle. "Examen de la relation entre le discours environnemental présenté dans le rapport annuel et un indice de performance environnementale". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8217.
Testo completoAgudelo, Gutierrez Lina Maria. "Aide à décision en conception préliminaire par l'estimation du poids de la performance environnementale". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0027/document.
Testo completoThe development of an eco-design method to create products involving environmental indicators to aid decision making at the stage of conceptual design, can be found in the present work. The proposed method is based on the definition and generation of a TRIPLET: a consistent relationship between materials, processes and forms. A taxonomy of shapes characterizes different shapes achievable by the manufacturing processes. A Description of Concept (DCT) includes some overall dimensions of the piece conceived and the finishing and material removal processes. An environmental indicator based on RECIPE database and adapted to the method to be able to evaluate the environmental impact. The aid integrates two approaches, deductive and inductive based on the experience of the designer. The DCT includes choosing a solid base that suggests, based on the functional surfaces defined in the process, a reflection towards a sketch of the piece concept. The different concepts developed are ranked from a multiple-criteria decision analysis based on the environmental indicator, a manufacturing cost, a performance index and a combination index obtained by fuzzy logic. The process is supported on a database linked to the required knowledge and the software tool "ECOTRIAL". A redesign application concludes the thesis and demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method
Pepino, Camille. "La performance en droit des affaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181206_PEPINO_868ahiam689nbkhcn363qt196twr_TH.pdf.
Testo completoEconomic operators are facing a sharp increase in competition combined with social and environmental concerns that have become of the essence. From this observation, it seems that the performance, be it economic, social or environmental, has become an value that is part of obligations, or creates itself obligations. It will sometimes be outside the contract and imposed by the law itself. In this sense, the legislator requires that the remuneration of certain companies executives is compulsorily indexed on performance criteria. But the performance will sometimes be internal to the contract and will be an essential element for the latter. These events reflect an overall movement making it necessary to construct a legal dissertation on performance, a new reading prism that has become inevitable and particularly crucial. Despite the attractiveness of the quest for performance, the law is seeking a point of balance likely to allow economic development in the best conditions, backed by respect for the environment, natural, human, even societal. It is in this perspective that the dynamics of this study is built. It understands performance as achieving a goal, with efficient means and methods, while limiting financial losses and adverse effects. Performance is the new key to reading life in society, and business law is one of the first relays
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048.
Testo completoThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Planchais, Gaël. "Stratégie et performance des agriculteurs dans un enjeu d'agriculture durable". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418659.
Testo completoAujourd'hui, avec l'alternative du développement durable, la réflexion autour des problématiques liées à l'environnement sont omniprésentes et interpellent l'agriculture sur les questions relatives à l'eau, l'air, le sol, la biodiversité.
Cette recherche, qui est basée sur plusieurs théories, reste essentiellement centrée sur la théorie des parties prenantes, qui invite tous les acteurs (agriculteurs, consommateurs, Etat, collectivités locales...) à participer à cette évolution vers une agriculture multifonctionnelle et durable.
L'interrogation fondamentale est : l'agriculture durable est-elle aussi voire plus performante que l'agriculture conventionnelle ?
La recherche s'est appuyée sur des agriculteurs qui ont choisi de mettre en place des mesures en faveur de l'environnement dans un contrat territorial d'exploitation (entre 2000 et 2002). L'engagement, pour cinq ans, est un exemple concret d'agriculture durable. Il a servi de support pour cette thèse pour analyser la stratégie des agriculteurs dans cet enjeu d'agriculture durable, d'autant plus que ce contrat était une innovation en la matière.
La méthodologie consiste, à partir d'un questionnaire, a étudier les motivations qui ont conduit les agriculteurs à signer un contrat. En parallèle, une base de données sur les informations économiques et financières de ces exploitations, a été exploitée.
Mahmoudi, Mehdi. "Les effets de la microfinance sur le développement durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2024ORLE1040_va.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis is composed of three chapters that contribute to the theoretical and empirical literature on the relationship between microfinance and sustainable development. The first chapter examines the relationship between microfinance and economic development. The results confirm the existence of a unidirectional Granger causality from microfinance to economic development,and a bidirectional causality between the Human Development Index and the number of clients, on the one hand, and the percentage of women entrepreneurs, on the other. Unidirectional Granger causalities are also present, from HDI to portfolio at risk, and fromHDI to operational self-sufficiency. In addition, we identify a unidirectional relationship from operating expenses to the human development index. The second chapter proposes a method for constructing a multidimensional microfinance index using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the three studied dimensions (penetration, availability, and usage) are essential for explaining the development of microfinance. By ranking countries first according to their sub-indices and then according to the global microfinance development index, we identified the most advanced economies in microfinance development, such as Afghanistan,Burkina Faso, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as those with the lowest levels of microfinance development, such as Angola and Côte d’Ivoire. The third chapter examines the moderating role of microfinance on the environmental Kuznets curve, using two models : main effects and interaction effects. In the short term, microfinance has no significant impact on CO2 emissions,but in the long term, it has a significant and negative effect, suggesting a reduction in emissions. The interactions show that microfinance moderates the effect of economic growth and energy consumption on CO2 emissions, reducing the impact of GDP but increasing that of energy consumption
Bourreau, Léa. "Contribution de la dimension conformité règlementaire à la mesure de la performance des systèmes de management environnemental : Proposition d’un outil de mesure". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0059/document.
Testo completoThe current research aims to conceive, develop and experiment a tool to measure performance in environmental management systems (EMS). Although different tools already exist, they differ from one company to another depending on contingencies (their environment being different), are difficult (and sometimes impossible) to apply from one firm to another and prevent from making inter-firms (or inter-sites within the same company) comparisons between different EMS. The contribution of the modelling and engineering approach developed in this thesis lies in the formalisation of a new method of measurement of performance in EMS based on the improvement of the measure of regulatory compliance in companies.This specific method leads to the introduction of an operational tool aiming to be used by all companies, whatever their structures (centralised or decentralised over different sites), their activity, their amount of employees, etc. This tool offers to measure the EMS performance, in a continuous perspective of improvement, through its key dimensions, and in particular through, the mastering of regulatory (normative and internal) compliance, the environmental analysis and the elaboration of a planning for proactive andcorrective actions as well as the follow-up of its implementation. Overall, the novelty of this approach results from the particular emphasise put on interrelations existing between those different dimensions in order to enhance standard systems of performance measurement
Renaud, Angèle. "Le système de management environnemental comme moyen de contrôle de la déclinaison et de l'émergence des stratégies environnementales". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476200.
Testo completoSiqueira, Tiago Teixeira da Silva. "Forme d'organisation et profil environnemental de l'exploitation agricole : le cas du secteur laitier". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20116/document.
Testo completoThis thesis contributes to the analysis of the relationship between farm’s forms of organization and environmental performance. The links between the way in which farm is organized and governed and all the practices related with its environmental profile will be studied. First, the economic literature about environmental performance of farms and its determinants will be reviewed. Based on the insights of the neo-institutional and the evolutionary economics, an analytical framework of the relationship between forms of organization and environmental profiles will be proposed. This framework will then be applied to dairy farms in three complementary chapters. These chapters combine both quantitative approach using data from the French agricultural census of 2010 and a qualitative approach from semi-directive interviews carried out in Brazil. An insight to the empirical literature on environmental performance will be provided thanks to a systemic and multi-criteria approach of dairy farms thought a profile of agro-environmental practices. The analysis of the determinants also shows the importance of studying the farm as complex system with its own structure, governance and adaptability evolving in its external environment. Finally, the thesis bring out that there is no strict alignment between forms of organization and environmental performance. However, certain forms are more apt than others to take into account certain agro-environmental practices
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048/document.
Testo completoThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Pujol, Sophie. "Le bruit environnemental en milieu urbain : exposition d'une population d'enfants et performances scolaires". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA3018/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis was to quantify children's exposure to environmental ambient noise at home and at school and to assess the relation between noise exposure and school performance of 8-9 year-old-schoolchildren. This study was conducted among the 900 children living in a 120, 000 inhabitants city and attending one of the 35 public primary schools in key stage 2, year 4 in 2006-2007. Questionnaires were distributed to the families to locate the children's home and collect data on potential confounding factors associated with school achievement or failure. These questionnaires were completed by 724 families living in the city.A noise measurement campaign was performed at the residence of 44 randomly sampled schoolchildren (outdoor and indoor noise levels during one week) and a strategic noise map was built at the city scale to calculate the outdoor environmental ambient noise levels at home and at school. These noise levels were compared with the children's school performance at the national standardised assessment test in French and mathematics. A linear exposure-effect relation between noise exposure at school and impaired Mathematics score was found after adjustment for confounding factors. Furthermore, both the ambient noise exposure at school and at home individually considered were found to be associated with an impaired children French performance.This study mainly focused on the assessment of the noise exposure in an urban area. The magnitude of the effect we observed on school performance may seem to be modest, but, when considering the number of people potentially chronically exposed to similar environmental noise levels, this effect may be of importance
Pepino, Camille. "La performance en droit des affaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0500/document.
Testo completoEconomic operators are facing a sharp increase in competition combined with social and environmental concerns that have become of the essence. From this observation, it seems that the performance, be it economic, social or environmental, has become an value that is part of obligations, or creates itself obligations. It will sometimes be outside the contract and imposed by the law itself. In this sense, the legislator requires that the remuneration of certain companies executives is compulsorily indexed on performance criteria. But the performance will sometimes be internal to the contract and will be an essential element for the latter. These events reflect an overall movement making it necessary to construct a legal dissertation on performance, a new reading prism that has become inevitable and particularly crucial. Despite the attractiveness of the quest for performance, the law is seeking a point of balance likely to allow economic development in the best conditions, backed by respect for the environment, natural, human, even societal. It is in this perspective that the dynamics of this study is built. It understands performance as achieving a goal, with efficient means and methods, while limiting financial losses and adverse effects. Performance is the new key to reading life in society, and business law is one of the first relays
Lehtonen, Markku. "Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development : influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS021S.
Testo completoThis thesis examines what consequences, through which pathways, and under which circumstances, does country-level environmental policy evaluation, carried out by an intergovernmental organisation, have for institutional change towards sustainable development. The philosophical and theoretical frameworks of institutional economics are proposed as the lens through which to assess experiences from evaluation research. This is done in order to elaborate a conceptual framework for analysing the approach, the impact and the factors conditioning the influence of environmental policy evaluation in the context of sustainable development. The OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is examined through an in-depth qualitative case study approach. It is found that in spite of engendering relatively modest interest among the public, the reviews increase the legitimacy of environmental policies and authorities, and strengthen a performance-oriented environmental policy emphasising evaluation, monitoring and cost-effectiveness. These impacts operate through four parallel pathways, representing the purposes of learning and accountability. The type and intensity of influence depends on the capacity of the reviews to mobilise key change agents and to be sensitive to the context, as well as on the credibility and political weight of the OECD in the reviewed country. It is concluded that notwithstanding the distance of the prevailing OECD conception of sustainability from the institutionalist principles adopted as the benchmark for the appraisal in this thesis, the reviews contribute meaningfully to sustainable development by redressing asymmetries of power, thereby improving some of the conditions for deliberative democracy
Albertini, Elisabeth. "Le Management et la Mesure de la Performance Environnementale". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869265.
Testo completoMoreno, Sierra Andres. "Intégration des aspects énergétiques dans la conception du projet architectural : une approche méthodologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14749.
Testo completoAccording to the French energy efficiency target for 2020, the building industry is moving towards "positive energy". These new challenges require the integration of new components to architectural and technical aspects, as well as a break in the methods of design and evaluation of the project. But the research for energy efficiency depends of digital measurement instruments which are not adapted to the design process of architects, which results in the difficulty of consistency between architectural and energy performance targets.The objective of this work is to analyze the complexity of integrating energy issues in the design process, to propose a methodological approach which optimizes energy efficiency. To address these issues, we propose to analyze and reconstruct the design process from a methodological point of view, later to study the optimization of energy performance using digital tools.The study of the design process shows the impact of the energy component and its important role in the early stages of the design process. The methodological analysis of energy issues shows the interrelation between general principles and design decisions. The formulation of a design strategy using a methodological tool allows us to propose an approach for optimizing the energy performance based on the morphological structure of the building.This approach opens new methodological perspectives in the design of positive energy buildings. The complexity of the relationship between energy, the morphology of buildings and the use of digital tools would be changing the design process in architecture and the future organization of urban complexes
De acuerdo con los objetivos de eficiencia energética para el año 2020 en Francia, la industria de la construcción se dirige hacia las construcciones de "energía positiva". Estos nuevos desafíos exigen la integración de nuevos componentes a los aspectos arquitectónicos y técnicos del proyecto, así como una ruptura en sus métodos de diseño y evaluación. Pero la optimización de la eficiencia energética depende del uso de herramientas digitales de medición que usualmente no se encuentran adaptadas al proceso de diseño arquitectónico, lo que dificulta la coordinación entre el proyecto arquitectónico y los aspectos energéticos.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la complejidad de la integración de la componente energética en el proceso de diseño, proponiendo un enfoque que permita optimizar la eficiencia energética. Para estudiar este tema, se propone analizar y reconstruir el proceso de diseño del arquitecto desde un punto de vista metodológico, para abordar posteriormente la problemática de la optimización de la eficiencia energética a través de herramientas digitales.El estudio del proceso de diseño muestra el impacto de la energía y su importancia de las primeras etapas del proceso de diseño. El análisis metodológico de los aspectos energéticos muestra la interrelación entre los temas principales y las decisiones de diseño. La formulación de una estrategia de diseño utilizando una herramienta metodológica permite proponer un enfoque para la optimización de la eficiencia energética basado en la estructura morfológica del edificio.Este enfoque abre nuevas perspectivas metodológicas en el diseño de edificios de energía positiva. La complejidad de las relaciones entre la energía, la morfología de los edificios y el uso de herramientas digitales estarían cambiando el proceso de diseño y la organización futura de los complejos urbanos
Garcia, Julien. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des innovations incrémentales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0004.
Testo completoSustainable development is the conceptualization of transition imposed from human society towards a sustainableway of development for the world to find a solution to the crisis of the Environment. In this regard, ecodesign isone of the solutions that the industrial and business world proposes to implement. It consists of taking into accountthe environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product (good or service) in the design of it. Integratingthe Environment dimension raises a triple complexity: (i) the one related to the multi-criteria nature of theEnvironment dimension, (ii) the one related to understanding the Environment dimension by actors designingproducts who may resist and be a barrier to successful integration, and (iii) the one related to process design andinnovation of a product, especially in the case of complex products. But despite the multitude of ecodesign toolsthat has been developed, few research topics are interested in taking into account both technical and organizationalaspects, while integrating environment in the innovation phase of a complex product. Therefore this thesis aims toexperiment, by a car manufacturer, an integration strategy of the environmental evaluation of incrementalinnovations, named E3PICS (Methodology of an Evolutive integration of the Evaluation of the EnvironmentalPerformances of Innovative Complex Sub-systems). Framed by constraints on the technical and organizationalconstraints, E3PICS strategy employs a progressive approach to integrate a scalable ecodesign repository inadvanced process engineering of innovative features that are connected to development projects vehicles. The firststep is the iterative design of the scalable ecodesign repository with the ecodesign team (in the EnvironmentDepartment) and innovation leaders, allowing cross learning. The second step is to accompany all the innovationleaders in the systematic use of the ecodesign repository. The third step is to develop an analytical tool for assessingthe impact of innovations on the recycling end of life vehicles. It requires the creation of models of vehicles tobypass the lack of data on the complete system under design and project impact. The fourth and final step is thedevelopment of a second analytical tool for assessing the impact of innovations on environmental performanceover the life cycle of vehicles. Similarly, the tool requires a method of developing environmental models ofvehicles; however, for environmental impacts calculated on the life cycle, unlike recyclability which is calculatedon the vehicle end of life, these models are based on the treatment by hierarchical clustering of vehicle life cycleassessment results . The experiments were performed at PSA Peugeot Citroen. The E3PICS strategy has helped tointegrate the processes of innovation using the eco-design repository and systematize its use in the context of asustainable continuous improvement of vehicle manufacturer
Bourreau, Léa. "Contribution de la dimension conformité règlementaire à la mesure de la performance des systèmes de management environnemental : Proposition d'un outil de mesure". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819102.
Testo completoMilinkovitch, Thomas. "Stratégie de lutte contre les catastrophes pétrolières et risque environnemental associé : évaluation de la toxicité d’un dispersant en milieu côtier chez Liza sp". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS322/document.
Testo completoDispersant application is an oil spill response technique which accelerates the dispersion of petroleum from the sea surface into the water column by inducing the formation of oil droplets. In coastal areas this response technique is controversial since the low water depth reduces the dissemination of oil droplets and by the way increases the exposure of aquatic ecosystems to petroleum. To evaluate the toxicity of dispersant application in nearshore areas, an experimental approach was conducted. Juvenile of Liza sp. were exposed to three scenarios of contamination: (i) to chemically dispersed oil - simulating, in vivo, dispersant application ; (ii) to mechanically dispersed oil - simulating, in vivo, natural dispersion due to meteorological conditions ; (iii) to an undispersed oil slick simulating, in vivo, oil slick confinement as a response technique. Toxicity of each condition of exposure was evaluated through the mortality upon a group of individuals, through the swimming performance and the metabolic scope at the organism level, and through the measurement of biomarkers at the organ level.Comparison between an undispersed oil slick and a chemically dispersed oil slick shows that dispersant application induces an increase of the mortality and decreases the ability of the animal to cope with environmental contaminants (deduced from gill and liver total glutathione rate). Conversely, comparison between both a mechanically and a chemically dispersed oil slick, suggests that, when sea water is under mixing processes, dispersant application does not enhance petroleum toxicity. Taken together these results suggest that (i) an oil slick must not be dispersed when recovery can be conducted; (ii) dispersant application could be considered as a response technique when meteorological conditions are appropriated
Garcia, Julien. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des innovations incrémentales". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0004/document.
Testo completoSustainable development is the conceptualization of transition imposed from human society towards a sustainableway of development for the world to find a solution to the crisis of the Environment. In this regard, ecodesign isone of the solutions that the industrial and business world proposes to implement. It consists of taking into accountthe environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product (good or service) in the design of it. Integratingthe Environment dimension raises a triple complexity: (i) the one related to the multi-criteria nature of theEnvironment dimension, (ii) the one related to understanding the Environment dimension by actors designingproducts who may resist and be a barrier to successful integration, and (iii) the one related to process design andinnovation of a product, especially in the case of complex products. But despite the multitude of ecodesign toolsthat has been developed, few research topics are interested in taking into account both technical and organizationalaspects, while integrating environment in the innovation phase of a complex product. Therefore this thesis aims toexperiment, by a car manufacturer, an integration strategy of the environmental evaluation of incrementalinnovations, named E3PICS (Methodology of an Evolutive integration of the Evaluation of the EnvironmentalPerformances of Innovative Complex Sub-systems). Framed by constraints on the technical and organizationalconstraints, E3PICS strategy employs a progressive approach to integrate a scalable ecodesign repository inadvanced process engineering of innovative features that are connected to development projects vehicles. The firststep is the iterative design of the scalable ecodesign repository with the ecodesign team (in the EnvironmentDepartment) and innovation leaders, allowing cross learning. The second step is to accompany all the innovationleaders in the systematic use of the ecodesign repository. The third step is to develop an analytical tool for assessingthe impact of innovations on the recycling end of life vehicles. It requires the creation of models of vehicles tobypass the lack of data on the complete system under design and project impact. The fourth and final step is thedevelopment of a second analytical tool for assessing the impact of innovations on environmental performanceover the life cycle of vehicles. Similarly, the tool requires a method of developing environmental models ofvehicles; however, for environmental impacts calculated on the life cycle, unlike recyclability which is calculatedon the vehicle end of life, these models are based on the treatment by hierarchical clustering of vehicle life cycleassessment results . The experiments were performed at PSA Peugeot Citroen. The E3PICS strategy has helped tointegrate the processes of innovation using the eco-design repository and systematize its use in the context of asustainable continuous improvement of vehicle manufacturer
Dias, Pereira Filho Antonio. "La structure financière, le dynamisme environnemental et la performance économique : une intégration théorique et une exploitation empirique dans le contexte des entreprises brésiliennes". Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21005.
Testo completoThe goal of this study is to analyze and interpret the relationships between capital structure and environmental dynamism and their repercussions on corporate performance. The main idea is that the impact of the capital structure on performance depends on the degree of dynamism of the sector of activity of the corporation. The study based mainly on the contribution of agency theory and transaction costs theory postulates that indebtedness is counterproductive when dynamism is relatively strong. The empirical study covers Brazilian corporations between 1991 and 2004 inclusive. In addition to examining data in this range, data from the subperiods 1991-1998 and 1999-2004 are also analyzed and a year by year analysis is provided for the entire 1991-2004 period. The sample is composed of 114 firms quoted on the São Paulo Stock Exchange. The data were collected from a cross section in Economatica®. The techniques of analysis comprised variance analysis and a multiple regression model with an interaction term. Among the main findings it is worth mentioning the positive impact of the interaction term between capital structure and environmental dynamism on performance. This is contrary to what was expected both intuitively and according to the theoretical framework that was developed. Two further findings that should be mentioned are related to the positive impact of size on the performance of corporations and the negative relationship between the performance and the capital structure
Milinkovitch, Thomas. "Stratégie de lutte contre les catastrophes pétrolières et risque environnemental associé : évaluation de la toxicité d'un dispersant en milieu côtier chez Liza sp". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589750.
Testo completoFercoq, Alain. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'intégration lean green appliquée au management des déchets pour une performance équilibrée (économique, environnementale, sociale)". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01067184.
Testo completoBonierbale, Thomas. "Eléments pour l'évaluation de la qualité environnementale des systèmes d'assainissement urbains". Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722725.
Testo completoFercoq, Alain. "Contribution à la modélisation de l’intégration lean green appliquée au management des déchets pour une performance équilibrée (économique, environnementale, sociale)". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0004/document.
Testo completoSince the 80s , companies in developed countries are facing with competition increasingly sharp . In this context, the adoption of lean management has become widespread. It aims to speed up the flow , to reduce non- value added , as part of a continuous improvement process. Moreover, since the 90s , sustainable development is a growing interest . Social responsibility (CSR) is the business contribution to sustainable development issues. The approach is for companies to take into account the social and environmental impacts of their business to adopt the best practices and contribute to the improvement of society and the protection of the environment. This study positions the integration Lean Green serving a strategy Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) . A first strategic Lean Green model gives a structured framework for targeted scientific developments, prioritizing a particular performance. Segmentation according to the impacted (social, economic) major performance beyond environmental performance and the scope (internal / external to the company) , is proposed. Four strategies emerge then : eco-efficiency , eco-responsibility , eco-partnership , eco- solidarity. Each strategy responds to specific stakeholders of the company. For eco-efficiency, a quantitative study (design of experiment) prioritizes the factors affecting the minimization of waste in production and demonstrates the value of combining the two methods : the Lean "7 muda " and the Green 3Rs hierarchy ( reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Operating a "matrix Lean 3R " is desirable. For eco-responsibility, a model of Visual Management of Eco-Performance (VMEP), evaluated qualitatively (intervention research) improves an index of motivation. It is revealed that the integration of environmental considerations into the animation of economic performance , is in favor of improving
Moreno, Sierra Andres. "Intégration des aspects énergétiques dans la conception du projet architectural : une approche méthodologique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14749/document.
Testo completoAccording to the French energy efficiency target for 2020, the building industry is moving towards "positive energy". These new challenges require the integration of new components to architectural and technical aspects, as well as a break in the methods of design and evaluation of the project. But the research for energy efficiency depends of digital measurement instruments which are not adapted to the design process of architects, which results in the difficulty of consistency between architectural and energy performance targets.The objective of this work is to analyze the complexity of integrating energy issues in the design process, to propose a methodological approach which optimizes energy efficiency. To address these issues, we propose to analyze and reconstruct the design process from a methodological point of view, later to study the optimization of energy performance using digital tools.The study of the design process shows the impact of the energy component and its important role in the early stages of the design process. The methodological analysis of energy issues shows the interrelation between general principles and design decisions. The formulation of a design strategy using a methodological tool allows us to propose an approach for optimizing the energy performance based on the morphological structure of the building.This approach opens new methodological perspectives in the design of positive energy buildings. The complexity of the relationship between energy, the morphology of buildings and the use of digital tools would be changing the design process in architecture and the future organization of urban complexes
De acuerdo con los objetivos de eficiencia energética para el año 2020 en Francia, la industria de la construcción se dirige hacia las construcciones de "energía positiva". Estos nuevos desafíos exigen la integración de nuevos componentes a los aspectos arquitectónicos y técnicos del proyecto, así como una ruptura en sus métodos de diseño y evaluación. Pero la optimización de la eficiencia energética depende del uso de herramientas digitales de medición que usualmente no se encuentran adaptadas al proceso de diseño arquitectónico, lo que dificulta la coordinación entre el proyecto arquitectónico y los aspectos energéticos.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la complejidad de la integración de la componente energética en el proceso de diseño, proponiendo un enfoque que permita optimizar la eficiencia energética. Para estudiar este tema, se propone analizar y reconstruir el proceso de diseño del arquitecto desde un punto de vista metodológico, para abordar posteriormente la problemática de la optimización de la eficiencia energética a través de herramientas digitales.El estudio del proceso de diseño muestra el impacto de la energía y su importancia de las primeras etapas del proceso de diseño. El análisis metodológico de los aspectos energéticos muestra la interrelación entre los temas principales y las decisiones de diseño. La formulación de una estrategia de diseño utilizando una herramienta metodológica permite proponer un enfoque para la optimización de la eficiencia energética basado en la estructura morfológica del edificio.Este enfoque abre nuevas perspectivas metodológicas en el diseño de edificios de energía positiva. La complejidad de las relaciones entre la energía, la morfología de los edificios y el uso de herramientas digitales estarían cambiando el proceso de diseño y la organización futura de los complejos urbanos
Riley, Benjamin. "Concrete living walls". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2027.
Testo completoCities facing overpopulation amid shifting climates will require practicable solutions to meet the biophilic, health, and safety needs of city dwellers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the possibility of having a living wall system which is durable, environmentally sustainable, unlimited by location and building typology, and more affordable than currently available systems. The hypothesis of this thesis is that concrete,due to its durability, cost, and ubiquity, is capable of being used as a growing medium for plant life and is currently the most realistic material choice to significantly extend nature’s reach into the urban milieu. The thesis is multi-disciplinary and combines botany and material science, but architecture is the lens throughwhich the inter-disciplinary work is validated. This architectural lens will influence the trajectory of future system design, e.g., in determining if the system would have the potential of being structural and used for the interiors and exteriors of low, mid, and high-rise buildings. This doctoral thesis would determine the feasibility of concrete living wall systems and if validated provide the foundation for sustainable concrete living wall solutions
Bakiri, Mohamed. "Contribution à la conduite et à l'évaluation des systèmes de production intégrant les domaines Qualité, Sécurité et Environnement". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399405.
Testo completoDeloux, Estelle. "POLITIQUES DE MAINTENANCE CONDITIONNELLE POUR UN SYSTEME A DEGRADATION CONTINUE SOUMIS A UN ENVIRONNEMENT STRESSANT". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348191.
Testo completoZniber, Rime Yasmina. "Les indicateurs de performance environnementale : un enjeu stratégique pour les firmes dans leur rapport avec les pouvoirs publics : le cas des transports". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10017.
Testo completoThe environmental performance indicator (EPIs) construction present a croissant interest for government, companies and public. The aim of this thesis is to suggest an intergrate and robustness model to establish the (EPIs) which represent not only a key issues for companies, but also an primordial communication toll with public which is very useful to make the political decisions. In the first time we searched to identify the main (EPIs) used by the transport companies to evaluate the gaz emission, in addition we studied the major (EPIs) adopted by CAC40 companies which have the obligation to communicate about their environmental performance evaluation. In the second time we have completed our researches about practical environmental indicator aspects, by a land investigation campaign in various transport companies to improve our (EPIs) understanding and measurement. Our researches allowed us to make a proposal of an integrate and relevant model to evaluate (EPIs) using some analysis criteria permeating to measure the (EPIs) taking into account all life cycle stages of transport tolls from conception to elimination
Mate, Marin Ainhoa. "Multiscale approach to assess the DSM-flux capacity to mitigate impacts on the receiving waters : Quantification of overflow rates and interception of particulate pollutants from combined sewer overflows". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI008/document.
Testo completoOver the past decade, European Union governments have encouraged to collect data on the volume and quality of all urban water effluents with a significant environmental impact on receiving aquatic environments. Methods for monitoring these flows require improvements, particularly for combined sewer overflows, which are complex flows that contribute in significant proportion to the degradation of the quality of the receiving waters. The DSM-flux (Device for Stormwater and combined sewer flows Monitoring and the control of pollutant fluxes) is a new pre-calibrated and pre-designed device that guarantees the appropriate hydraulic conditions for measuring discharged flows and volumes as well as the concentrations and mass loads of pollutants carried in suspension by the flow. In this PhD work, a relationship allowing to measure the flow rates conveying through the DSM-flux was determined thanks to an experimental study on a small-scale physical model, and then validated for several flow configurations upstream of the device. Whatever the upstream hydraulic conditions are, the relative uncertainties are less than 15% and 2% for the flow rates and volumes studied, respectively, which is equivalent to the uncertainties of the most reliable current methods. The monitoring methodology was validated in situ in a large-scale device installed at the field and operating in real conditions, which shows the robustness of the method. Moreover, thanks to its original design, the DSM-flux allows the interception of a fraction of particulate pollutants. The hydrodynamics of this monitoring device were analysed as well as the conditions that cause the settling of particulate pollutants. Depending on the flow conditions, this device can retain 50% of the total mass of fine suspended solid matter transiting through the device, but for flows at high discharge rates, this efficiency is significantly reduced. Its retention capacity has also been observed in the field and a methodology has been developed to quantify its retention efficiency in future studies. Apart from its performance, from an operational point of view, the device has other advantages compared to other current devices: (i) it is pre-calibrated and can be installed downstream from existing combined sewer overflows, (ii) it can be directly installed through a manhole in the discharge channel, (iii) its hydraulic performance is independent from the flow conditions upstream, and (iv) it is an integrated monitoring device, measuring flow rates and their quality simultaneously, in addition to intercepting a part of the particulate pollutants
Trabelsi, Meriem. "Comment mesurer la performance agroécologique d'une exploitation agricole pour l'accompagner dans son processus de transition?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30037/document.
Testo completoThe use of plant protection products enables farmers to maximize economic performance and yields, but in return, the environment and human health can be greatly affected because of their toxicity. There are currently strong calls for farmers to reduce the use of these toxic products for the preservation of the environment and the human health, and it has become urgent to invest in more sustainable models that help reduce these risks. One possible solution is the transition toward agroecological production systems. These new systems must be beneficial economically, socially, and environmentally in terms of human health. There are many tools available, based on a range of indicators, for assessing the sustainability of agricultural systems on conventional farm holdings. These methods are little suitable to agroecological farms and do not measure the performance of agroecological transition farms. In this article, we therefore develop a model for the strategic definition, guidance, and assistance for a transition to agroecological practices, capable of assessing performance of this transition and simulating the consequences of possible changes. This model was built by coupling (i) a decision-support tool and a technico-economic simulator with(ii) a conceptual model built from the dynamics of agroecological practices. This tool is currently being tested in the framework of a Compte d’Affectation Spéciale pour le Développement Agricole et Rural (CASDAR) project (CASDAR: project launched in 2013 by the French Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, on the theme Bcollective mobilisation for agroecology,^ http://agriculture.gouv.fr/ Appel-a-projets-CASDAR) using data from farms, most of which are engaged in agroenvironmental process and reducing plant protection treatments since 2008
Darradi, Younès. "Optimisation de la performance environnementale des activités agricoles à l’échelle d’un espace à enjeux : le cas du bassin versant de la Boulouze". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14224/document.
Testo completoWe introduce in this thesis the notion of environmental performance as an analytical framework aimed at studying the impacts of agricultural activities on the environment. We outline first a need to formalize this notion and then define it as the distance between the “environmental” state of a system at a specific time and a state of “high environmental performance” to achieve. Focus is on water management at the watershed level with three criteria: nitrogen, sediments (water quality) and water flows (water quantity).Our aim is to optimize the environmental performance of agricultural activities at the watershed scale. First the initial status of the watershed is described, then a method is proposed. This method is based on a coupling between an agro-hydrological model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and the Weighted Goal Programming optimization method. Our purpose is the reallocation of farming systems within the watershed when considering the optimization criteria simultaneously.We implement this method on the Boulouze watershed (coteaux de Gascogne, in the southwestern part of France). Results outline an improvement of the environmental performance. The analysis of the new land-use plan emphasizes the fact that the changes of farming systems are not only due to evolutions of the surfaces where they are implemented, but that the environmental performance at watershed scale is also affected by their location.Finally we explore the applicability of the method used highlighting its attributes as a relevant tool for modeling scenarios and for communicating
Lassalas, Marie. "Effets des standards environnementaux sur les exploitations agricoles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARE066.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis aims to investigate whether environmental standards may incentivize farmers’ adoption of environmental practices. First, it explores the effects of adopting environmental standards on the agronomic and economic performances of farms. Second, as voluntary adoption of environmental practices can be influenced by factors beyond purely economic interests, I examine the attributes of farming contracts that can encourage the adoption of environmental standards. Last, as in recent years, public policies have increasingly included standards to achieve their objectives, I analyze the impact of integrating environmental standards into public policies on farmers' practices. We show that organic farms operate under a lower production frontier than conventionafarms but they are efficient regarding their own production frontier. Besides, the adoption of a standard prohibiting the use of the most toxic pesticides has a negative effect on the technical performance of affected wheat plots. The price premium of the more stringent environmental standard merely compensates for the negative effect of the standard’s adoption on quality. This thesis illustrates that supply chain and public policy initiatives can be complementary to incentivize the adoption of environmental practices by farmers. Farmers are highly responsive to market-based economic incentives and to options for compensation in the case of yield loss. However, the effectiveness of both approaches relies on a trade-off between the level of environmental requirements and the participation rate
Evrard, Damien. "Approche intégrée pour une évaluation multicritère des meilleures techniques disponibles". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM015/document.
Testo completoIn order to reduce chronic emissions due to industrial activities, the Industrial Emission Directive (IED − 2010/75/CE) defines, for the Member States, a legal framework and the concept of Best Available Technique (BAT). This concept of BAT and their associated environmental performance levels (BATAEPL) enables to set common objectives in Europe while considering local specificities. Moreover, the application of the concept of BAT to non-IED sectors (e.g. Nuclear installations) makes it a major issue for the entire European industrial community. BAT reference documents (called BREFs) have become essential to help to choose techniques and are references for environmental performance assessment of installations. The process of their revision can be improved because of the differences of interpretation that exist among involved actors for industrial information analysis. Thus, the contribution of this thesis is a methodology structured in 5 steps based, on the one hand, on multicriteria statistical tools (hierarchical clustering, PCA, Pareto front) to help to determine reference installations and applicable BATs thanks to representative or performant approaches and, on the other hand, to define associated environmental performance levels, at international and national scales. This methodology has demonstrated its applicability and integration into current decision processes thanks to applications to both geographical scales, and to IED and non-IED activities
Ducret, Stéphane. "Contribution de la physiologie et de la mécanique dans l'étude des sports de glisse : rôle de l'usure des matériaux et de la fatigue de l'athlète dans la performance". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10192.
Testo completoNorheim-Hansen, Anne. "Sustainable development and strategic alliances : four essays on implications of firms' environmental performance for their cooperative strategies". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1035.
Testo completoStrategic alliances have become as much a necessity as a choice for companies to be competitive in today's markets. However, making strategic alliances work is not evident. Failure rates between 30% and as high as 70% have been regularly reported. A substantial stream of research has examined how these numbers can be improved. Partner selection has been identified as a key success factor. In fact, partner-specific attributes, affecting which partners are selected, tend to have snowball effects beyond the formation phase to the design and postformation phases. Building on previous studies investigating the attribute of reputation, this thesis fills a gap by exploring the role reputation for environmental performance can play in determining firm-specific and joint competitive advantages in the different phases of strategic alliances. In four individual but connected Essays, specific research questions are theoretically examined under the Natural-Resource-Based View (NRBV) and Strategic Cognition Perspective. The study's hypotheses are empirically tested using data collected from CEOs and top managers in 176 Norwegian manufacturing firms
Haute, Lucile. "Performer dans les environnements mixtes : Actualisation de l'espace programmé". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET2197/document.
Testo completoMixed environments are devices, stagings, installations, which hybridize what is tangible and what is digital, physical space and informational or fictional space. These environments allow for their experimenters to be here and now, but also simultaneously linked to an elsewhere or to another temporality. They borrow as much from the magic of the spectacle as from the engineer’s technologies. When they allow to create or to give access to other worlds, they join with performance. These worlds can be 3D platforms or fictions. Mixed environments are defined less by spectacular issues than by performative, fictional and plastic ones. The technical dimensions, be they digital technologies, the ceremonial formatting or stage design, join with the plastic dimensions. To perform in these environments is to search for, allow or provoke temporary states of the body that are related to the specific context of a demonstration. Aside from their public presentation, this dissertation work will also address these forms, which invite to multiple and singular experimentations, as well as the different ways they are explored, by the performers or by the experimenters
Pépin, Antonin. "Performance environnementale de fermes maraichères en Agriculture Biologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04059580.
Testo completoFrench organic vegetable farms are diverse, ranging from complex agroecological systems based on biodiversity and producing many different vegetables, to simple systems based on inputs and producing few different vegetables, suggesting different environmental impacts. The objective of the thesis is to assess the environmental performance of contrasting organic vegetable farms, using life cycle assessment (LCA). The thesis is organised as follows: (1) the characterisation of the diversity of organic vegetable farms, using a typology based on surveys and a framework for analysing farming system diversity; (2) the adaptation of a biodiversity assessment method to vegetable farming; 3) the assessment of three contrasting farms using a LCA "system" approach, considering the farm as a whole and in which all inputs, operations and emissions are related to the total annual production. The analysis of the impacts, expressed per kg of vegetable, ha of farmland and economic value expressed in Euro, on climate change, marine eutrophication, biodiversity, cumulative energy demand and plastic use, revealed large differences between the systems for their main impact contributors, but did not allow a clear ranking of the three farms. The LCA "system" approach corresponds to the agroecological functioning and addresses the challenge posed by the complexity of some vegetable farms. The plastic use indicator shed new light on a growing concern
Mondière, Aymeric. "Performance environnementale de fermes d'élevage favorisant la biodiversité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARC166.
Testo completoBiodiversity loss is one of the issues challenging the current livestock production model. Livestock systems that use ecological processes rather than inputs can reverse biodiversity loss, but what are their environmental and productive performances? Livestock production systems have environmental impacts due to resource consumption, land use and pollutant emissions, affecting biodiversity, which supports the supply of ecosystem services (ES). Environmental impacts, biodiversity and ES are thus three key dimensions of environmental performance. This thesis aimed to (1) analyse methods for assessing environmental performance, combine them and apply them to contrasting livestock systems in order to (2)quantify the systems’ environmental performance. Life cycle assessment of these systems identified different relations between productivity and impacts, with low productivity and good energy efficiency of livestock systems aiming at biodiversity restoration. Adapting and applying a combination of methods assessed the degree of wildness and its influence on the biodiversity of the systems studied. Finally, given the importance of permanent grasslands in the systems studied, a method to assess ES provided by these areas was developed and applied. Applying these methods allowed environmental impacts, biodiversity and ES to be considered in order to assess the environmental performance of the systems studied
Chrétien, Samuel. "La performance environnementale des entreprises et le risque de réputation : une approche axée sur le comportement". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9771.
Testo completoMayrand, Flavie. "Modélisation du fonctionnement hydrologique du sol et de la biodiversité des communautés végétales. Application à l'analyse de la performance écologique d'un aménagement paysager autoroutier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0086.
Testo completoHuman activities are responsible for high modifications in ecosystems functioning. It is recognized that these impacts cause definitive and high losses rate of biodiversity in every components of wildlife. Due to regulation, construction companies are bound to evaluate environmental impacts of the infrastructure construction projects (eg: roads), and more particularly, impacts on biodiversity. Companies are also bound to propose measures to avoid, reduce or mitigate residuals impacts by the creation or restoration planning of biodiversity. Unfortunately, there are not existing tools and methods clearly defined by regulation for such plans. Most of the time, predictions and environmental evaluations fail in measuring the impacts on biodiversity and efficiency of conservation planning. The research program that we conducted aimed at (i) proposing a new methodological approach in order to characterise processes and abiotic parameters which impact biodiversity of plant communities, (ii) analysing conservatory plans efficiency and (iii) proposing measures for biodiversity valuation in our study case. Our study was realised in a landscaping project zone along the A19 highway, Loiret, France. Seedling and planting were done two years before our study began. Only hydrological processes were studied based on mechanistic modelling using Hydrus-1D software. Last and final summary in the thesis
Haida, Amal. "Blessure, environnement et performance de haut niveau". Rouen, 2014. https://hal-insep.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01788566.
Testo completoThe thesis deals with the epidemiology and physiopathology of performance in elite sport. The objective is to analyze the impact of two parameters that can affect performance and its development during a sports career: injury and environmental factors. At first, we study the impact of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture on the performance of the best alpine skiers (1st decile of performance) in the French Team since 1980. Through a transversal study, we analyze the return to performance after an ACL injury and evaluate whether the injury is a handicap in post-rupture performance. It is also an opportunity to demonstrate and compare the performance of the best skiers who had a torn ACL with those who never suffered this injury during their career. Secondly, a second longitudinal study analyses the performance development of the entire alpine skiers in the French Team during their career in injured and non injured athletes since 1980. Moreover, in alpine skiing the environment plays a role in the occurrence of injuries. The snow conditions, weather conditions and temperature are all factors that influence the prevalence of injuries, including the ACL rupture. Thus, in a third study we evaluated the impact of seasonality and environment in the sprint and middle distance. This study was conducted in athletics because it represents one of the oldest Olympic sports with sufficient data available allowing a substantial historical perspective of performance. Our studies describe the importance of taking into account the injury and the environment, particularly temperature, in the multifactorial context of performance optimization in elite sport
Aouay, Faten. "L'éco-innovation dans le secteur industriel. Quels déterminants, quelles barrières et quel rôle pour améliorer les performances des entreprises ? Cas de la Tunisie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BRES0077.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of eco-innovation and the barriers that impede it, as well as to assess its impact on the environmental performance, the economic performance in terms of growth and profitability as well as the companies’ reputation. Our approach includes two parts; the first one presents the state of the art of the eco-innovation phenomenon accompanied by the presentation of the specificities of Tunisia, which is our field of research the second one, which is of empirical order, includes a survey carried out among159 Tunisian industrial companies. The data were analyzed using the following methods: principal component analysis, the discriminant analysis, and multiple regressions. Our main findings identified four important points.Firstly, the practice of eco-innovation is less widespread than that of non-ecological innovation.Secondly, the barriers to eco-innovation fall into the typology of market barriers, knowledge barriers, and cost barriers. Thirdly, there are four determinants that particularly stimulate eco-innovation, such as technology, competitive pressure, expected benefits and market instruments, while command and control regulatory instruments and ecological consumer’s demand do not contribute significantly. Fourthly, ecoinnovation has a significant impact on both environmental performance and firms’ reputation, but does not directly improve economic performance in terms of economic growth and profitability
Riley, Benjamin. "Concrete living walls". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2027/document.
Testo completoCities facing overpopulation amid shifting climates will require practicable solutions to meet the biophilic, health, and safety needs of city dwellers. The goal of this thesis is to determine the possibility of having a living wall system which is durable, environmentally sustainable, unlimited by location and building typology, and more affordable than currently available systems. The hypothesis of this thesis is that concrete,due to its durability, cost, and ubiquity, is capable of being used as a growing medium for plant life and is currently the most realistic material choice to significantly extend nature’s reach into the urban milieu. The thesis is multi-disciplinary and combines botany and material science, but architecture is the lens throughwhich the inter-disciplinary work is validated. This architectural lens will influence the trajectory of future system design, e.g., in determining if the system would have the potential of being structural and used for the interiors and exteriors of low, mid, and high-rise buildings. This doctoral thesis would determine the feasibility of concrete living wall systems and if validated provide the foundation for sustainable concrete living wall solutions