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1
Case, Anne, e Alicia Menendez. "Does money empower the elderly? Evidence from the Agincourt demographic surveillance site, South Africa1". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, n. 69_suppl (agosto 2007): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034950701355445.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aims: To quantify the impact of the South African old age (social) pension on outcomes for pensioners and the prime-aged adults and children who live with them, and to examine alternative means by which pensions affect household outcomes. Methods: We collected socioeconomic data on 290 households in the Agincourt demographic surveillance area (DSA), stratifying our sample on the presence of a household member age-eligible for the old-age pension (women aged 60 and older, men aged 65 and older). Results: The presence of a pensioner significantly reduces household reports that adults and, separately, children missed meals because there was not enough money for food. In addition, girls are significantly more likely to be enrolled in school if they are living with a pensioner, an effect that is driven entirely by living with a female pensioner. Our results are consistent with a model in which pensioners have a greater say in household functioning once they begin to receive their pensions. Conclusions: We find a program targeted toward the elderly plays a significant role in children's health and development.
2
Walker, Robert, Geoffrey Hardman e Sandra Hutton. "The Occupational Pension Trap: Towards a Preliminary Empirical Specification". Journal of Social Policy 18, n. 4 (ottobre 1989): 575–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400001860.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTLegislation in 1985 and 1986 has attempted to give new impetus to the growth of occupational and personal pension schemes. This article demonstrates that, because of the interaction between occupational pensions and means-tested social security provision, many of today's pensioners receive little or no financial benefit from their occupational pension. The evidence presented is consistent with the thesis that the pensioners who are worst affected by the ‘pension trap’ include those who, as workers, were low-paid and experienced interrupted employment. As a consequence they reached retirement with small state and occupational pensions, limited savings and no house which they owned. Many are women. The penetration of occupational and personal pensions is currently lowest among the same groups of workers and it could be that the Government's policy to extend the coverage of private pensions will result in an increase in the severity of the pension trap. Some measures for reducing the impact of the pension trap are discussed.
3
Broadbent, Simon, Justin van de Ven e Martin Weale. "Commentary: Pensions and Pension Policy". National Institute Economic Review 193 (luglio 2005): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950105058544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Pensions Commission is to make its recommendations on pension policy reform later this year, in the light of comments on the challenges identified in its first Report. Widespread agreement on the need for such reform is partly a consequence of problems which have already surfaced, such as the insolvency of some pension schemes, moves to curtail benefits and mis-selling scandals. However the main impetus comes from the fact, clearly demonstrated by the Pensions Commission (2004), that for pensioners to enjoy the current relative standard of living in fifty years time will require people either to (i) retire later (ii) save more; or (iii) pay higher taxes. In the Commission's view the key issues are to find a consensus on the appropriate combination of these three, or of the alternative of lower pensioner incomes, and to find ways of bringing about such an outcome. We focus on aspects of such a reform and suggest one measure which could be implemented without further ado.
4
Gorlin, Y. M., e V. Y. Lyashok. "Drivers of pension growth in the long term". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2022): 98–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-12-98-117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the main challenges for the Russian insurance pension system in the long term is to sustain an acceptable ratio of pensions to wages and to prevent the growth of the share of pensioners with unacceptably low pensions. The key challenges and factors affecting the level of pensions have been identified. A set of potential measures for a more acceptable dynamics of pensions, their risks and limitations have been revealed. Forecast calculations for the period up to 2050 on the model of the Russian insurance pension system developed by the authors made it possible to estimate the impact of relevant factors and measures on key pension indicators. It is shown that the implementation of these measures can ensure in 2030—2050: the coefficient of the relative level of pensions (to average wage) of about 40%; the theoretical replacement rate (at 35 years of service and the average wage in Russia) of about 50%; the ratio of the average pension payment to non-working recipients of the old-age insurance pension to the subsistence minimum for pensioners — about 250% in 2030—2035 and 380% by 2050; reducing the share of those whose pension payment is less than the minimum subsistence level, almost by half relative to the inertial scenario — to 6—8%.
5
Hunt, E. H. "Paupers and Pensioners: Past and Present". Ageing and Society 9, n. 4 (dicembre 1989): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0001401x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThis article compares treatment of the elderly today and in the mid-nineteenth century. The starting point is David Thomson's recent claim (Ageing and Society, 4, 1984) that welfare-state pension benefits are not as valuable, relative to the incomes of non-pensioners, as were the poor-law pensions of Dickensian England. Thomson's calculations of incomes and of the value and availability of pensions in the mid-nineteenth century are critically reassessed. It is argued that welfare-state pensions are superior to poor-law pensions not only in absolute terms but also as a proportion of average working-class incomes. The paper concludes with some comments on long-term trends in pensioners' living standards and the implications for pension policy.
6
Harianto, Windu Gata, Virda Mega Ayu e Achmad Bayhaqy. "Perancangan Modul Persetujuan Otomatis dan Klasifikasi pada Sistem Persetujuan Lapor Diri Pensiun Menggunakan FSA". Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 7, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v7i1.626.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Retired Dana Pensiun Perkebunan Defined Benefit Pension Plan (PPMP) participants are required to certify annually that they still meet the criteria for being a valid pensioner. The retiree uses the Dapenbun online application to take a photo of himself and her ID card and wait for the data to be processed by the administrator. Pensioners who do not report will have their pension entitlements suspended. The number of retirees managed by the Plantation Pension Fund is over 216,000, and managers are overwhelmed with approval at the start of the re-data period. For this reason, authors design systems that can run automated approval and classification systems to facilitate data approval. Applying the FSA concept to this system reduces the processing of participant data as automation is applied to the first process of automatic termination of pensions for children aged 21 and over, second data with criteria for automatic approval. It will be faster. Categorizing data reduces approval errors and makes it easier for users to approve data.
7
Špirková, Jana, Martin Dobrovič e Miroslava Vinczeová. "A Critical View on Pension Savings in Slovakia". Statistika: Statistics and Economy Journal 101, n. 4 (17 dicembre 2021): 370–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54694/stat.2021.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In almost all countries around the world, pension systems are based on several pillars. This is also the case of Slovakia with its three-pillar pension system. The paper presents a case study underlying the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. The case study clearly indicates that current pensions in Slovakia paid under all three pillars do not correspond with the expectations from the implementation of the three-pillar pension system. The aim of the paper is to the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. Our own contribution is the determination of the amount of pension for a specific pensioner specified in the presented case study. Within the saving phase of pension contributions the development of investment fund returns, the amount of future pensioner´s contributions, as well as administrative costs are analyzed on a monthly basis. The payout phase is modelled using actuarial functions applying the mortality tables of Slovakia.
8
Kim, Seung Hoon, Hyunkyu Kim, Sung Hoon Jeong e Eun-Cheol Park. "Association of the Type of Public Pension With Mental Health Among South Korean Older Adults: Longitudinal Observational Study". JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 10 (2 maggio 2024): e49129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/49129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background As income and health are closely related, retirement is considered undesirable for health. Many studies have shown the association between pension and health, but no research has considered the association between contribution-based public pensions or their types and health. Objective This study investigates the association between the type of contributory public pension and depressive symptoms among older adults. Methods We analyzed the data of 4541 older adults who participated in the South Korea Welfare Panel Study (2014-2020). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 11-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Public pensions in South Korea are classified into specific corporate pensions and national pensions. For subgroup analyses, pensioners were categorized according to the amount of pension received and the proportion of public pension over gross income. Analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted for longitudinal data. Results Individuals receiving public pension, regardless of the pension type, demonstrated significantly decreased depressive symptoms (national pension: β=–.734; P<.001; specific corporate pension: β=–.775; P=.02). For both pension types, the higher the amount of benefits, the lower were the depression scores. However, this association was absent for those who received the smaller amount among the specific corporate pensioners. In low-income households, the decrease in the depressive symptoms based on the amount of public pension benefits was greater (fourth quartile of national pension: β=–1.472; P<.001; second and third quartiles of specific corporate pension: β=–3.646; P<.001). Conclusions Our study shows that contributory public pension is significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, and this association is prominent in low-income households. Thus, contributory public pensions may be good income sources for improving the mental health of older adults after retirement.
9
Mamatkazin, I. R. "Problems of pension provision for working pensioners". Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), n. 01 (22 gennaio 2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2201-08.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Working pensioners represent a special category of pension recipients. The legislation does not restrict their labor rights, equating them with other categories of employees, but in pension provision, there are significant restrictions on their rights in relation to these persons. These restrictions are primarily related to the payment of pensions “not in full”, when it comes to the non-application to working pensioners of provisions on the indexation of insurance pensions or the absence of their right to a social supplement to the pension. Very significant are the restrictions in the formation of their pension rights in the exercise of labor activity after the appointment of an insurance pension. These restrictions, each of which individually is not so significant, collectively represent a very serious factor that negatively affects the motivation of pensioners to continue working.
10
Gibson, Dot. "Standing up for today's and tomorrow's pensioners". Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 16, n. 1 (9 marzo 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-11-2014-0034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The National Pensioners’ Convention aims to challenge the case for current government policies to raise the age of retirement from paid work and to diversify routes to and amounts of pensions entitlement. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This policy-oriented commentary draws on evidence and arguments presented in the National Pensioners’ Convention Manifesto about the relative affluence of socio-economic class groups and their length of life after 65. Findings – In contrast to government claims of simplifying pensions by introducing single-tier state pensions, three different pension schemes will coexist for many years and in many cases these will provide less than current entitlements. Other universal pensioner benefits such as concessionary travel and winter fuel payments are now also the target of financial cost savings. Access to home care and residential care is increasingly restricted by service cuts and wider means testing. Practical implications – National Pensioners’ Convention Manifesto argues that the standard of care and support for older people needs to be guaranteed to be set above current poverty levels, to be linked to price and consumer indices and earnings, for universal pensioner benefits to be maintained, for a National Health and Care Service to be free at the point of use, funded through taxation and for standards to be improved through a legally binding Dignity code. Originality/value – This commentary expresses the views of a non-party campaigning organisation run by pensioners themselves to highlight their case for ways in which they may gain increased rather than decreased support for maintaining active living in later life.
11
Rajevska, O., e F. Rajevska. "Why the share of small amount pensions is so substantial in Latvia?" SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184003011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
More than 70% of all old-age pensions in Latvia are smaller than 300 euro, which is close to the monetary value of the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. There is a number of reasons for it: the lack of non-contributory component and inadequately low minimum pensions, the absence of redistribution mechanisms in the mandatory notional defined contribution (pillar I) and funded (pillar II) schemes, an unfair conversion of pre-reform employment record into pension formula, and a high tax burden on pensioners. The authors proposed a package of measures to improve the situation: an introduction of basis pensions, linking minimum pensions to the country average wages, increasing income tax exempt for pensions, restoration of the supplements for pre-reform employment and their regular indexation, removal of the threshold in initial notional pension capital calculation or its reduction from 30 to 20 years.
12
Naramessakh, Kezia Tirza, e Cahyo Prianto. "Otomatisasi Keputusan Pemberian Kredit Pensiun Menggunakan Metode Weighted Product". EFISIENSI - KAJIAN ILMU ADMINISTRASI 16, n. 1 (17 aprile 2019): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/efisiensi.v16i1.24475.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dalam memberikan kredit pensiun, PT. Pos Indonesia masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan Pensiun yang berhak atau layak untuk mendapatkan pinjaman kredit, sehingga dalam menentukan Pensiun yang berhak dan layak untuk diberikan pinjaman kredit membutuhkan waktu yang lama serta belum tentu hasil yang didapat juga benar. Maka penulis melakukan analisis kelayakan pemberian kredit agar bisa mempermudah dalam menentukan Pensiun yang layak atau diprioritaskan untuk diberikan pinjaman kredit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Weighted Product, yaitu salah satu metode penyelesaian untuk masalah Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM). Multi Attribute Decision Making adalah keputusan analisis multi kriteria yang popular dan merupakan metode pengambilan keputusan multi kriteria. Dengan menggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP) akan mencari bobot untuk setiap kriteria, kemudian dilakukan proses peringkat yang akan menentukan alternatif optimal dari Pensiunan. Metode Weighted Product dapat membantu dalam mengambil keputusan kelayakan pemberian kredit. Penulis menggunakan lima kriteria yaitu, besar gaji, jumlah pinjaman, usia, jangka waktu kredit, kredit ke-berapa dan jaminan. Hasil dari penelitian ini, mempermudah dalam menentukan pensiun yang layak atau diprioritaskan untuk diberikan pinjaman kredit pensiun. Kata kunci: Weighted Product, Pemberian Kredit Pensiun, Pensiun Abstract: PENSION CREDIT ADMINISTRATION AUTOMATION USING THE WEIGHTED PRODUCT METHOD. In providing pension credit, PT. Pos Indonesia still has difficulties in determining which pensions are entitled or eligible to get a loan, so in determining which pensions are entitled and eligible to be given a credit loan requires a long time and not necessarily the results obtained are also correct. So the author analyzes the feasibility of lending in order to make it easier to determine which pensions are feasible or prioritized for credit loans. This study uses the Weighted Product method, which is one of the settlement methods for the Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problem. Multi Attribute Decision Making is a popular multi-criteria analysis decision and is a multi-criteria decision making method. Using the Weighted Product (WP) method will look for weights for each criterion, then a ranking process will be carried out that will determine the optimal alternative of the Pensioner. Weighted product methods can help in making credit worthiness decisions. The author uses five criteria, namely, the amount of salary, loan amount, age, credit period, what credit and collateral. The results of this study make it easier to determine a decent or prioritized pension for a pension credit loan. Keyword: Weighted Product, Providing Pension Credit, Pension.
13
Laaksonen, Mikko. "Work Resumption after a Fixed-Term Disability Pension: Changes over Time during a Period of Decreasing Incidence of Disability Retirement". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 9 (27 aprile 2021): 4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094618.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The incidence of disability retirement in Finland has sharply decreased over the last ten years. At the same time, the share of fixed-term pensions has increased to cover more than half of all new disability pensions. This study examined the efficiency of fixed-term disability pensions under these changing circumstances with the aim of addressing the following research questions: are fixed-term disability pensions more often converted to permanent pensions, and how have the changes affected return to work? The study was based on register data of Finnish residents aged 25–62 whose fixed-term disability pension started in 2006 (n = 10,177) or 2015 (n = 7918). Of the fixed-term disability pensions starting in 2006, 58 percent were converted to a permanent disability pension within the next four years. In 2015, the corresponding figure was 41 percent. Return to work increased from 24 to 30 percent. In addition, ending up in some other state (most often unemployment) increased, and, more often, fixed-term disability pensions continued for more than four years. Transferring to a permanent disability pension decreased more among the younger, those with a lower education, and those suffering from mental disorders. The results were not notably affected by changes in the characteristics of fixed-term disability pension recipients (e.g., demographic and occupational characteristics and rehabilitation) or the selection of applicants into a fixed-term or a permanent pension. Return to work increased more among men, the older age groups, those with a fixed-term disability pension due to somatic diseases, and those who had received vocational rehabilitation. Adjusting for the composition of fixed-term disability pensioners increased the differences between the study years, and controlling for the selection into a fixed-term pension further widened the differences. In conclusion, a decreasing proportion of fixed-term disability pensions are converted to permanent pensions, but this is only partly reflected in increased return to work. Further efforts are needed to support work resumption after a fixed-term disability pension to avoid the situation where people drop out from disability pension but are resting on unemployment and other benefits.
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FRERICKS, PATRICIA. "Strengthening Market Principles in Welfare Institutions: How Hybrid Pension Systems Impact on Social-risk Spreading". Journal of Social Policy 42, n. 4 (19 luglio 2013): 665–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279413000500.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn the past two decades, the question of how pension systems should be designed to offer ‘adequate and sustainable pensions for all’ has been raised. As a result, European pension systems, in which market principles in general have played a marginal or even negligible role in the past, were redesigned, with market-based pensions becoming part of the pension calculation norm, i.e. the institutionalised and nationally defined target level for old-age protection. However, since the hybrid pension systems are institutionalised very differently, pension systems’ ingredients, characteristics and nexus are far from being homogeneous, and the role of market principles in hybrid systems differs. These differences significantly determine the degree of social protection of the various social citizens and the number of future pensioners with adequate pensions. An illustrative comparison of the contrasting Dutch and German institutional setups indicates differences in the manner in which market principles have been strengthened in the pension system, and the related effects these differences have on social-risk spreading.
15
Halvorsen, Elin, e Axel West Pedersen. "Closing the gender gap in pensions: A microsimulation analysis of the Norwegian NDC pension system". Journal of European Social Policy 29, n. 1 (13 febbraio 2018): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717754296.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article, we use an advanced microsimulation model to study the distributional effects of the reformed Norwegian pension system with a particular focus on gender equality. The reformed Norwegian system is based on the notional defined contribution (NDC)-formula with fixed contribution/accrual rates over the active life-phase and with accumulated pension wealth being transformed into an annuity upon retirement. A number of redistributive components are built into the system: a unisex annuity divisor, a ceiling on annual earnings, generous child credits, a possibility for widows/widowers to inherit pension rights from a deceased spouse, a targeted guarantee pensions with higher benefit rates to single pensioners compared to married/cohabitating pensioners, and finally a tax system that is particularly progressive in its treatment of pensioners and pension income. Taking complete actuarial fairness as the point of departure, we conduct a stepwise analysis to investigate how these different components of the National Insurance pension system impact on the gender gap in pensions and on general (Gini) inequality in the distribution of pension income within a cohort of pensioners. Our analysis concentrates on one birth cohort – individuals born in 1963 – and we study three different outcomes: the distribution of annual pensions early in retirement (at age 70), the distribution of the total sum of pension benefits received over retirement, and the distribution of the average annual pension benefits received over the retirement phase. In addition, we look at three alternative income concepts. These are personal income, equivalised household income, and finally an original income concept developed for this study: personal income adjusted for the economies of scale enjoyed by couple households.
16
Suslova, L. N., e I. V. Yarkova. "Formation of a Pension Allowance system for Civil Servants of the Tobolsk Province of the 19th - early 20th Centuries". Nauchnyy Dialog, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2020): 484–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-1-484-494.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the study of historical experience in the formation of pensions for employees of the Tobolsk province in the XIX - early XX centuries. The authors of the article associate their interest in the indicated problems with its poor knowledge, as well as the reform of pension provision in modern Russia. The source of the study was the legislative, clerical and statistical documents of the funds of the School Directorate, City Council, Tobolsk Provincial Board, Tobolsk State Chamber, Tobolsk Gymnasium, Tobolsk State Bank, Tobolsk Post and Telegraph Office, Tobolsk Notary Archive and others. The most significant of these are the lists of pensioners living in the Tobolsk province, the Tobolsk Treasury Chamber statements on pensioners, documents that fix the number and size of pensions issued and not issued, and cases regarding the assignment of pensions. The authors of the article note the absence in the period under review of a single pension provision practice for all social categories of the population. The author analyzes pension payments accrued to officials from the treasury, and funded payments from public emmeritial cash desks. It is concluded that the formation of the pension provision of civil servants can be attributed to the end of the first quarter of the XIX century. The circle of persons entitled to receive a pension is designated, the sources of pension financing are identified. It was concluded that for the provision of pensions to officials of the period under review, the dependence of the pension salary on the size of the annual salary, the rank and length of service of the civil service was characteristic.
17
Ziyadullaev, Makhmudjon. "THE ROLE OF STATE PENSIONS IN SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS". JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, n. 3 (30 marzo 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-3-6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article presents ofthe content of the right to social security, which is considered as one of the constitutional rights of citizens, the role of state pensions in the social protection of pensioners and the world pension systems, including distributive, mandatory and conditional pension funds.As well as the size of pensions and their components, the relevance and importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the ratification of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and changes in thepension sector over the past 3-4 years, taking into account the types of pension provision, frombeginningsof independence of our country
18
YUDINA, EKATERINA. "ACTIVITIES OF NON-STATE PENSION FUNDS IN THE FIELD OF EARLY NON-STATE PENSION PROVISION". Economic problems and legal practice 16, n. 5 (20 ottobre 2020): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2020-16-5-248-252.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The system of early retirement pensions was inherited from the USSR and every third Russian pensioner receives a preferential pension. It is assigned to metallurgists, oil workers, coal miners, ballerinas, trolleybus drivers, teachers - the lists of early retired pensioners are huge. The conduction of pension reform involved seeking resources within the system itself. To solve the problem of financing preferential pensions, a system of early non-state pension provision was created, implemented through non-state pension funds. However, the existing legislative regulation does not stimulate employers of hazardous and dangerous industries to create corporate pension programs due to the fact that they will not exempt employers from paying additional insurance premiums in favor of employees on preferential lists. As a result, there are no employers in the country who will not only pay wages on time, transfer insurance premiums in a timely manner, but for this category in an increased amount, but will also form additional contributions for the same employees under the early non-state pension system. The non-state pension paid in the frame of this system does not replace the early insurance old-age pension, that is, it does not entail a decrease in federal budget costs. The purpose of this study is to consider the main legal acts and the process of development of legislation on early non-state pension provision. The result of the study is practical proposals for improving the legal framework of the early retirement pension system.
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Gough, Orla, e Roberta Adami. "Welfare Systems and Adequacy of Pension Benefits in Europe". Social Policy and Society 11, n. 1 (6 dicembre 2011): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641100039x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the post-war years many European countries have implemented far-reaching but diverse pension systems with the objective of providing those in retirement with adequate incomes. In this study, we explore the link between pension systems and the adequacy of retirement income. We analyse the mix of public and private pensions and consider the impact of different policies on poverty rates amongst pensioners. We suggest that only a few European countries have been successful in providing combinations of private and public pensions that improve the adequacy of retirement income.
20
Chidi, Nwuzor, e Chimee Njoku. "Challenges of Pension Administration in Ebonyi State Civil Service: Implications on Workers’ Productivity". Journal of Policy and Development Studies 14, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2023): 204–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v14i2.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This work titled “Challenges of Pension Administration in Ebonyi State Civil Service: Implications on Workers’ Productivity” was aimed at determining the extent to which defaults by State government has contributed to irregular payment of pensions to retirees in Ebonyi State, examining the extent to which defects in institutional structures have hindered effective administration of pensions in Ebonyi State Civil Service; assessing the extent to which irregular payment of pensions has hindered the effectiveness and efficiency of Ebonyi State Civil Service among others. Data for this study were collected from primary and secondary sources. The research applied Statistical tables; Mean and Standard Deviation in data analysis while statistical Chi-Square (x2) was applied in empirical testing of the hypotheses that guided the study. This study revealed that defaults by State government have significantly contributed to irregular payment of pensions to retirees in Ebonyi State; defects in institutional structures have hindered effective administration of pensions in Ebonyi State Civil Service; irregular payment of pension to retirees hinders the effectiveness and efficiency of Ebonyi state civil servants among others. Hence, it was recommended that government should ensure adequate funding of pensions in Ebonyi State in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the civil servants; there is need for government to ensure compliance with the provisions of the new Contributory Pension Scheme so as to ensure regular and prompt payment of pensions in Ebonyi State; the pensioners as well as the civil servants should be given the freedom and leverage to choose and maintain their retirement benefits administrators and accounts among others.
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Mamatkazin, I. R. "Structural-Functional Analysis of a Pension as an Object of Pension Legal Relations". Siberian Law Review 18, n. 2 (20 ottobre 2021): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2021-18-2-138-150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The pension system of the Russian Federation has undergone three fundamental reforms. In 1992, the first law on pensions began to operate in Russia, which significantly differed from the Union legislation. In 2002, insurance principles were introduced into the pension system, which led to a change in the entire system of pension coverage for persons working under an employment contract, including new types of pension coverage. In 2015, there was a significant reform of the existing insurance pension system, which in its significance is no less significant than all the previous changes in the pension legislation. Each pension reform changed the procedure for calculating pensions, legislatively establishing a new pension formula for determining the amount of a pension. Along with this, the structural elements of pensions also changed. At the same time, it is possible to identify similar features in the structural elements of pensions assigned in different periods, but at the functional level. The totality of similar functions of pension elements allows us to talk about certain patterns in the development of the pension provision of the Russian Federation. So, despite the change in the nature of pensions from state to insurance, the essence of pensions, in general, remained the same. Moreover, the essence and functions of the elements of state and insurance pensions are largely the same. The pension is a social security payment with a complex structure. The presence of a structure, the presence of elements and connections between them, indicates a complex function performed by a pension. This function cannot be reduced to a compensatory function, a function of assistance or a function of substitution of earnings. There is an element in the pension structure that reflects past employment. In pensions of different nature, this happens in different ways: wages are taken into account (in state pensions) or insurance contributions (in compulsory pension insurance pensions). In addition, the pension should include an element that increases the amount of the pension in the presence of special circumstances of a subjective nature: disabled dependents, the need for constant outside care. In pensions for state pension provision, such an element is supplements to pensions; in compulsory pension insurance, this function is performed by a fixed payment. Social pensions and funded pension are one-component payments, which raises questions not only about the nature of these pensions, but also about their essence.
22
Bondareva, E. S. "These insights into the pension law trends peculiar to the USSR and Russian federation: analysis of the results achieved". Siberian Law Herald 4 (2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.4.71.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pension law trends peculiar to the USSR and Russian Federation, their fundamental influence upon the ultimate results of pension provision as to the citizens of the USSR and the ones of post-Soviet Russia are the concern of the present study. A brief review of Soviet pension law is provided herein, key elements of legal regulation of pension entitlement during Soviet period are analyzed along with the results achieved both in the USSR and Russian Federation as to the old-age insurance. The information about scales of pensions at the periods of time listed above – their minimum, medium and maximum values – is represented therewith; the purchasing power of Soviet and Russian pensions is compared, figures concerning coefficient of substitution of lost wage with pensions are dealt with. It is pointed out that the unified public pension system of the USSR has been a beneficial experience along with the establishment of proper social standards in the domain of pension provision, opportune getting the pension law development priorities right, approach and coherent rise in the standard of living of pensioners. The results of legislative work through the 90s of the 20-th century in the domain of pension provision in Russia are also summing up herein, correlation of reformative decisions made during the last decades and their consequences for the Russian pensioners are considered. Relying on the analysis above the following conclusions can be reached: pension provision reforming in Russia nowadays has not brought to rise in the standard of living of most pensioners. Moreover the level of pension provision in Russia has become lower than the one in the USSR. By this means it is concluded that fundamental reforming of pension provision setup in Russian Federation is extremely necessary and thereafter some ways of its improvement are suggested.
23
Ruland, Franz. "Reformoptionen – die keine sind". Wirtschaftsdienst 104, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2024): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2024-0031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the German pension debate, reform options are repeatedly proposed that are doomed to failure right from the start as they cannot be legally implemented to begin with. One of these is the inclusion of civil servants in the German state pension scheme. This option, however, is prohibited by the German Constitution. Another example is the inclusion of self-employed persons. This demand cannot be met as many freelancers are unable to pay their full contributions. Inflation adjustment of pensions would mean too much of a burden for women as well as for the sick and the disabled. Redistributing money from pensioners with high benefits to pensioners with a low pension would not be conducive, either. Not only would this mean an infringement of the principle of equality, but also there are too few high pensions to redistribute.
24
Lopushnyak, Halyna, e Olga Leontenko. "PENSION PROVISION IN UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF WORLD INTEGRATION PROCESSES". Actual Problems of Economics 1, n. 229 (luglio 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2020-1-229-105-115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents a comparative analysis of the size of pension benefits in terms of categories of pensioners in Ukraine. The dynamics of average old-age pensions and lifetime allowances of retired judges over the past 10 years, as well as the dynamics of revenues and expenditures of the Pension Fund of Ukraine at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine are analyzed. A review of the main indicators of pensions in different countries. The main problems that contribute to the deterioration of the situation with the pension provision of the citizens of Ukraine have been identified. Based on the study, proposals were developed to reform the pension system of Ukraine, ways to increase revenues to the Pension Fund, to correct large-scale disparities in the pension provision of the population.
25
MacKinnon, Mary. "Providing for Faithful Servants: Pensions at the Canadian Pacific Railway". Social Science History 21, n. 1 (1997): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017648.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Establishing an occupational pension plan became fashionable for large North American firms around the beginning of the twentieth century, and railways were pioneers in this trend. By the end of World War I the characteristics of many of the firms, and of their workforces, had changed considerably, but pension plan rules typically remained broadly constant until the 1930s. Despite unchanged rules, the kinds of workers pensioned, the average value of pensions, and the probability that retiring workers would receive a pension may have altered. Little is known about Canadian pension plans and less about the characteristics of workers pensioned. This article uses employee records from the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), one of Canada’s largest employers and one of the first to establish a pension plan, to examine older workers’ employment patterns and the probabilities they have of being pensioned.
26
Блохина, И. М., А. А. Лиховицкая, П. С. Савельева e К. Д. Ольшанская. "Changes in the Russian pension system: their causes and consequences". Экономика и предпринимательство, n. 2(115) (6 maggio 2020): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.115.2.042.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Реформирование пенсионной системы России требуется в виду влияния как социально-экономических, так и демографических факторов. Проводимая реформа в настоящее время направлена на снижение государственных обязательств перед пенсионерами за счет повышения пенсионного возраста, стимулирования более позднего выхода на пенсию, отмены индексации пенсии работающим пенсионерам. Результатом этой реформы должно быть повышение уровня пенсий, позволяющего улучшить благосостояние пенсионеров. Однако, требуются и другие кардинальные изменения в экономике и социальной сфере, которые обеспечат успех пенсионной реформы. Reform of the Russian pension system is required due to the influence of both socio-economic and demographic factors. The current reform is aimed at reducing state obligations to pensioners by raising the retirement age, encouraging later retirement, and eliminating the indexation of pensions for working pensioners. The result of this reform should be an increase in the level of pensions that will improve the well-being of pensioners. However, other fundamental changes in the economy and social sphere are also required to ensure the success of the pension reform.
27
PRICE, DEBORA. "Closing the Gender Gap in Retirement Income: What Difference Will Recent UK Pension Reforms Make?" Journal of Social Policy 36, n. 4 (8 agosto 2007): 561–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279407001183.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe second report of the Pensions Commission sought to establish a framework for a sustainable pension system for future generations of pensioners in the UK. The framework has been largely accepted by government in their recent White Paper, Security in Retirement: Towards a New Pension System (2006). Legislation will follow. The Commission and the government have made a number of claims about how their proposals will benefit women. Reforms have been welcomed by women's lobby groups. This article presents a gendered analysis of the Pensions Commission proposals using unpublished data generated by Pensim2, a pensions' simulator developed by the Department for Work and Pensions. Substantial improvements for women will be in the long term only, and will depend heavily on the extent to which gendered patterns of work and family life change in future. For women who follow traditional paths of combining part-time work with looking after children and kin, outcomes will depend on partnering arrangements. If they are married or cohabiting, they will be better off; but if they live alone in later life, the principal advantage of the proposals will be a reduction in means testing rather than an improvement in levels of income.
28
Díaz-Saavedra, Julián. "The fiscal and welfare consequences of the price indexation of Spanish pensions". Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 19, n. 2 (27 dicembre 2018): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474721800032x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWe study the fiscal and welfare consequences of three options for increasing pension generosity in Spain: (i) disability and minimum pensions are fully indexed with the Consumer Price Index (CPI); (ii) minimum and lower value pensions are fully indexed with the CPI; and (iii) returning to full price indexation of all Spanish pensions. While these reforms increase pension adequacy, the tax increases needed to finance the higher pension expenditure differ significantly. Moreover, most current cohorts prefer returning to the full price indexation of all Spanish pensions, but future cohorts prefer that only disability and minimum pensions be indexed with the CPI.
29
Stetsyuk, Tetyana. "PENSION PROVISION AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES OF SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT". Economic Analysis, n. 30(1, Part 2) (2020): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.02.149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The quality of life of the population largely depends on the pension provision of citizens of retirement age and confidence in the future of working people. Pension provision in Ukraine is carried out in conditions of constant financial overstrain and instability. Instability in society requires a certain stability, income differentiation necessitates their fair redistribution. In Ukraine, as in many countries around the world, pensions are an important component of the social protection system, whose task is to support the material well-being of citizens and their families in the event of retirement for various reasons specified by law. However, these issues need constant further research, because pensions are an important component of social guarantees for the development of society. Goal. To characterize and systematize the structure of pension provision by studying the principles of pension provision formation as an important component of social guarantees of society and determining the directions of its improvement. Method (methodology). The author used the abstract-logical method and the method of observation to form theoretical positions and conclusions; structural method, method of comparison for the analysis of pension provision and its development. Results. The article considers pension provision as a component of social guarantees of society development. The dynamics of the ratio of the number of employed population to the number of pensioners is calculated; the dynamics of the number of pensioners by types of pensions in Ukraine is analyzed; the analysis of dynamics of the average size of pension on kinds of maintenance is carried out; the comparison of the average size of pension in national and foreign currency is made taking into account the size of a subsistence level; It is determined that the dynamics of wages is extremely important for balancing the pension system and ensuring current payments.
30
BÖRSCH-SUPAN, AXEL, ANETTE REIL-HELD e DANIEL SCHUNK. "Saving incentives, old-age provision and displacement effects: evidence from the recent German pension reform". Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 7, n. 3 (9 maggio 2008): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747208003636.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn response to population aging, pay-as-you-go pensions are being reduced in almost all developed countries. In many countries, governments aim to fill the resulting gap with subsidized private pensions. This paper exploits the recent German pension reform to shed new light on the uptake of voluntary, but heavily subsidized private pension schemes. Specifically, we investigate how the uptake of the recently introduced ‘Riester pensions’ depends on state-provided saving incentives, and how well the targeting at families and low-income households works in practice.We show that, after a slow start, private pension plans took off very quickly. While saving incentives were effective in reaching parents, they were less successful in attracting low-income earners, although Riester pensions exhibit a more equal pattern by income than occupational pensions and unsubsidized private pension plans.We also provide circumstantial evidence on displacement effects between saving for old-age provision and other purposes. Households who plan to purchase housing are less likely to have a Riester pension. The same holds for households who attach high importance to a bequest motive. Occupational pensions and other forms of private pensions, however, act as complements rather than as substitutes.
31
Safonov, Aleksandr, e Yuliya Dolzhenkova. "Dynamics of income of pensioners: analysis, problems and solutions". Population 26, n. 4 (15 dicembre 2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.4.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Currently there is an increasing number of older people in Russia, primarily pensioners. It appears that the mentioned trend will proceed for a long period of time. So, the issue of ensuring high living standards for this group of the population is acute. However, the present trends in the work remuneration of persons in pre-retirement age, spread on informal employment, and hence, precarization of labor relations, as well as the challenges in pension and tax legislation result in a complex and contradictory situation in the formation of monetary income of pensioners.The present article is devoted to the analysis and forecasting of the basic trends in the financial situation of persons over the able-bodied age. The average size of the insurance old-age pension in the end of 2022 did not achieve the amount recommended by the ILO Convention 102, and the social pension was even lower. In addition, the later retirement often leads to poverty, as it is impossible for the aged to get pensions, on the one hand, and on the other hand, to get a job due to the existing age discrimination and their reduced physical ability to work.The article analyses the factors that have a direct on the size dynamics of insurance and social old-age pensions. At the same time, insurance pensions have the economic nature of deferred wages, i.e. they are formed directly by pensioners themselves. It also analyzes possible ways of compensation for pensioners’ low incomes through continuing work activity.
32
Diakovych, Lina. "Problematic aspects of the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine". Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, n. 2(92) (3 marzo 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.02.071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. In order to further move towards the European Economic Area, Ukraine needs to take pension reform measures. Pension provision in Ukraine has to be profoundly reformed in terms of regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine. What is of particular importance is improving Ukraine’s laws and methods for calculation and pension payments to citizens. Another important focus of the reform agenda is to define categories of people eligible for old-age pensions, disability pensions, and long- service pensions. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to interpret the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine; to describe changes in pension payments before and after the reform was implemented; to highlight ways of improving pension payments in terms of regulations and legislation. Methods. The research methods used in the article include: analysis; comparison; historical method to consider the legislative framework for calculating pensions at different periods of time. Results. The regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine is a complex system comprising the Constitution of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine, the Labour Code of Ukraine, decrees, Presidential decrees, International agreements and laws of the USSR. Some of these regulations and legislation need to be revised and amended in order to bring them in line with contemporary practices and modern standards. It is claimed that since 2017, Ukraine’s government has been implementing the pension reform aimed at relieving the pressure on the working-age population and improving living standards for retired people. In particular, the retirement age has been raised, eligibility criteria for preferential pensions have been revised, and methods for calculating pensions have been changed. The Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine argues that the new pension reform is expected to enhance social, labour and post-retirement relations, to increase tax revenues through reporting real salaries, to develop a framework of social justice when calculating pensions. The author points out that the regulatory and legislative framework for calculating pensions is outdated at this stage and it requires changes. The considered changes are as follows: the establishment of a working group for entitlement of preferential pensions; the introduction of wage differentials by industries and occupations; the increase of pensions in line with inflation and age; the implementation of notional defined contribution pension system; the introduction of the new Labour Code and Pension Code, which are expected to regulate labour and post-retirement relations and meet modern standards. It is also indicated that continued employment should be enforced by legislation and a system of granting advantages and social security benefits to those who retire later needs to be developed. In terms of legislation, sufficient regard should be given to non-state pension schemes, defined contribution pension systems, and the principle of fairness when it comes to pension entitlements. It is also crucial to adjust pension amounts and retirement age to align with the sustainability ratio and the average life expectancy. Discussion. Further research of regulatory and legal framework for calculating pensions in Ukraine should be focused on the development of the Pension Code and improvement of the existing laws relative to pension calculation and payment. The author also suggests differentiating minimum wages by industries and regions and countering the illicit labour market and campaigning against payments ‘in envelope’, because official wages are the basis for calculating pensions.
33
Ginn, Jay, e Ken MacIntyre. "UK Pension Reforms: Is Gender Still an Issue?" Social Policy and Society 12, n. 1 (12 ottobre 2012): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000504.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The UK Pensions Commission confirmed that women's domestic roles are crucial to their pension disadvantage. As a result, measures enacted in the Pensions Acts of 2007 and 2008 aimed to make state pensions more inclusive for those with periods out of the labour market for family caring, as well as encouraging more saving through private pensions by those with low to moderate earnings. Will these legislative changes, and subsequent reforms and plans, substantially reduce future gender inequality in UK pensions? In this article, we suggest the benefits to women will be patchy and overall less than expected. We first review the interaction of male-oriented pension schemes with the gendered division of caring labour and how this has changed for later cohorts of women. We then analyse, from a gender perspective, the pension reforms and proposals since 2007. Finally, we consider policy alternatives that would give women a better deal in pensions and conclude with an assessment of the mixed effects of pension reforms.
34
Рабаданова, Д. А., e М. М. Омаров. "Современное состояние и перспективы развития пенсионной системы Российской Федерации". Экономика и предпринимательство, n. 8(121) (26 luglio 2020): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.121.8.042.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
В статье рассматривается роль, сущность и необходимость пенсионной системы Российской Федерации, определены основные особенности и современное состояние пенсионной системы России, выявлены динамика изменения индексации страховых пенсий в России, динамика изменения численности пенсионеров и динамика изменения среднего размера назначенных пенсий за 20112020 гг., в том числе определены причины этих изменений. Также определяются основные проблемы и пути совершенствования пенсионной системы в Российской Федерации. The article discusses the role, nature and necessity of the pension system of the Russian Federation, defines main features and current state of Russia's pension system, reveals the dynamics of the change of indexation of pensions in Russia, changes in the number of pensioners and the dynamics of changes in the average size of pensions for 2011-2020, including the identified causes of these changes. It also identifies the main problems and ways to improve the pension system in the Russian Federation.
35
Dorofeev, M. L. "Directions for improving the pension indexations mechanism in the context of Russian economy’s transformation". Vestnik Universiteta, n. 9 (1 novembre 2022): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-9-110-119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to analyse the current mechanism for indexing pensions of Russian pensioners and find directions for its possible development in the context of the structural transformation of the Russian economy. To achieve this goal, a statistical and coefficient analysis of pension level indicators from the Rosstat database was carried out. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that, all other things being equal, it is not possible to fundamentally improve the level of pension provision and it is necessary to continue to carry out significant reforms of the Russian pension system. Taking into account the new realities in which Russia found itself after February 2022, authors proposed and analysed directions in which it would be possible to further reform the Russian pension system. The proposed directions were classified into four groups: 1) measures of a general economic nature, indirectly affecting the level of pension provision; 2) changing the general parameters of the existing pension system in order to optimize it; 3) the development of a non-governmental pension insurance system to solve the problem of a low replacement rate for high-income groups of pension recipients and 4) a change in the existing mechanism for indexing pensions, which involves more radical changes to fundamentally increase the level of pension provision for Russian pensioners.
36
Kotsur, Andrii, e Viktor Ostroverkhov. "FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC PENSION INSURANCE". Regional’ni aspekti rozvitku produktivnih sil Ukraїni, n. 23 (2018): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/rarrpsu2018.23.126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article clarifies the peculiarities of the development of the pension system over the last decades and highlights the key stages of its reform. The main stages of the formation of a modern system of pensions are related to the adoption of legislative acts that deal with its improvement. The modern pension system of Ukraine is characterized by a number of negative phenomena: low level of pensions; a significant deficit of the Pension Fund of Ukraine, which is covered from the state budget, the availability of "special" pensions, negative trends in demographic development. Over the past five years, pensions remained virtually unchanged. If the amount of wages has doubled, then the amount of pensions increased by 30%. It should also be borne in mind that the military aggression against Ukraine has caused a high level of inflation and devaluation of the national currency during this period. Thus, the level of material support for Ukrainian pensioners is extremely unsatisfactory. Reforms of the pension system, which were carried out during the last decade, were also aimed at overcoming the budget deficit of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. To this end, the rates of a single social contribution were reduced in order to «withdraw» wages from the «shadow»; increased retirement age for women; Some «corruption" pension provisions for certain categories of population were canceled. However, the budget deficit of the Pension Fund has not only decreased, but also increased. Negative trends in demographic development add a particular danger to the functioning of the pension system. In recent years, the number of people of retirement age has not changed, but the number of young people and the number of children has decreased by 10 million people. In order to stabilize the pension system it is expedient to: refuse to put into effect the accumulative level of the pension system, which may lead to the final collapse of the joint system and is aimed at preserving income for top managers of state enterprises and high-level officials; increase the rate of the single social contribution for self-employed persons; to expand the scope of collecting fees to the Pension Fund of Ukraine; to carry out gradual updating of the size of the pension provision in accordance with the requirements of the International Labor Organization.
37
Niemeier, Ernst. "Politik- und Marktversagen erfordern Entgeltund Rentenkorrektur". Wirtschaftsdienst 103, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2023): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2023-0194.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Pension policy with regard to statutory pension insurance can be described as a failure, at least since the Riester pension. It does not secure the standard of living and many pensioners are poor despite their pensions. In addition to a reduction in benefit levels, unemployment and significant inequality in income distribution also contribute to these developments. The author calls for compensating for this market and political failure and for raising the pension back to its original level.
38
Kim, Young-Suk, e Yeong-Ae Yang. "A Study on the Correlation between Public Pension Supply and Demend, Self-Efficacy, and Life Satisfaction". Korean Aging-Frendly Industry Association 15, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2023): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34264/jkafa.2023.15.2.95.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective : Such research confirms the effect of public pension benefits on self-competence and life satisfaction of the elderly lt aims to enhance the importance of public pensions and provide implications for the government’s pension reform.
Methods : After surveying the elderly aged 65 or older living in urban and rural areas, hypothesis testing was conducted through reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis,.group difference analysis, correlation analysis, and frequency analysis according to demographic characteristics. Results : There were significant differences in self-efficacy and life satisfaction depending on whether or not to receive public pensions, the type and amount of public pensions, and urban and rural areas. Elderly people receiving public pensions had higher self-efficacy and life satisfaction than those who did not receive them, and pensions with high benefits such as military tuition and faculty pensions had higher self-efficacy and life satisfaction than those who did not. In addition, residents in urban areas showed high self-efficacy and life satisfaction according to their residence in urban and rural areas. Conclusion : Korea is expected to enter an ultra-aged society in 2025, but the elderly poverty rate is the
highest among OECD countries. In this reality, public pensions are one of the most effective means of maintaining the lives of the elderly. The government needs to establish policies to maintain the public pension at an appropriate level at a time when the finances of the national pension, civil service pension, private school pension, and military pension are inevitably depleted, and each individual should secure his or her retirement life by joining the public pension and further devise private pension and other income security measures.
39
Muzayev, Magomed Z. "Dynamics of Pension Indicators: Analysis of Russian Micro Data". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n. 2 (214) (30 giugno 2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2022-2-85-94.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article represents the statistical analysis of the pension provision indicators dynamics. The research is based on The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) data for 2002, 2008, 2014 and 2020. The dynamics of pensions, ratio of the pensions to the pensioner’s subsistence minimum has been analyzed. The research revealed that the retirement drastically reduces the older person’s well-being. The pensioner’s employment enables households to maintain a relatively high level of average per capita income. Most of the employed pensioners work in state-owned enterprises, live in regional centers and cities, and have a high level of education.
40
Helmedag, Fritz. "Das Umlageverfahren: Idee und Wirklichkeit". Wirtschaftsdienst 104, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2024): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2024-0030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The formal relationships between the contribution rate of workers and the pension level are modelled in the pay-as-you-go system. The average pensioner has paid contributions over 36 years and currently receives EUR 1,246.67 as a monthly pension. The “standard pensioner” contributed over 45 years and receives a “standard pension” of EUR 1,692. The real pension level is 42.6% and thus falls short of the 48% target level. In the pay-as-you-go system, the monthly pension would only amount to EUR 1,203.66. Higher contributions reduce average wages relatively less than they increase the pension benefits. A redistribution within the pool of insured people should compensate for the shorter payment periods of below-average pensions.
41
Price, Debora. "The pensions White Paper: taking account of gender". Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 15, n. 1 (febbraio 2007): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/lbqa9574.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many women face severe obstacles in accumulating adequate income in later life. The pensions White Paper heralds substantive reform of the pension system, with certain elements assisting women in future to build pension entitlements. The extent to which the reforms will have the desired effect is, however, unclear since the system remains complex and means-tested benefits will remain a substantial element of pensioner income for many in the population. The government has committed to a gender impact assessment of the reforms. This article explores the elements of the pension system that should be evaluated if this assessment is to take full account of gender.
42
Mamatkazin, I. R. "The right to receive two pensions under Russian law". Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), n. 11 (10 dicembre 2021): 862–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2111-07.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The existing pension legislation contains a whole range of pension payments, including pensions and additional payments to them. In some cases, another pension is provided as an additional payment, which in pension practice is called an additional pension. In this case, the persons actually have the right to receive two pensions at the same time. The legislation does not contain a single list of persons who have such a pension benefit, indicating the reasons for its provision. The purpose of the work is to systematize the subjects entitled to two pensions and to analyze the conditions that give the right to increased pension provision.
43
Moseiko, V. V. "International Regulation of Pensions in the EAEU: Problems and Development Prospects". EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, n. 2 (12 luglio 2024): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-63-74.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The EAEU countries, having adopted the Agreement on Pension Security in 2019, took a big step forward to form the pension rights of migrants from the EAEU countries. However, existing difficulties caused by economic, demographic characteristics and institutional differences make us think about further steps to harmonize, unify and coordinate the pension systems of the EAEU countries.Aim. Consider themechanisms and the principles of international regulation of pensions in the EAEU countries and identify limitations and opportunities for its further improvement.Tasks. Explore global experience of cooperation in the pension sector; conduct an analysis of international regulation of pensions in the post-Soviet space and in the EAEU countries; identify difficulties in forming pension rights for migrants from EAEU countries; to find possible directions for the further development of pension legislation in the EAEU countries.Methods. The comparative analysis method was used to study national old-age pension systems; when determining the directions for the development of old-age pensions for migrants in the world, the historical and legal method was used.Results. The world experience of international regulation of pensions is considered.Differences were discovered in the formation of pension rights in the EAEU countries.The mechanisms of harmonization and coordination, as well as the territorial and proportional principles of legal regulation of old-age pensions are analyzed. The difficulties of forming pension rights for migrants from the EAEU countries are shown.Conclusions. The current approach to regulating pensions in the EAEU is not perfect, but it allows countries to remain independent in their national pension policies. Overcoming the existing difficulties in the formation and implementation of pension rights is possible with further harmonization, unification and coordination of the EAEU pension systems, which are complicated by the economic and demographic operating conditions and the lack of a unified strategy for the development of pensions in the EAEU. A fundamental issue for all countries is to determine the role of the state in the pension process.
44
Kurchenko, Oleg S. "Legal Means to Prevent Unjustified Payment of Pensions to Citizens Living Abroad". Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, n. 4 (28 dicembre 2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(4).53-64.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of paying most types of pensions to those citizens whose place of permanent residence is a foreign state. At the same time, permanent residence of a pensioner abroad increases the risk of unjustified payment of pensions and creates the need to use additional legal means aimed at preventing such consequences. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to describe the system of legal means that are aimed at preventing unjustified payment of Russian pensions to citizens living abroad, and to analyze the provisions of Russian and international legal acts that establish these legal means. Methodology. To achieve these goals, formal legal (dogmatic) method and comparative legal method were mainly used. Results. The system of legal means to prevent unjustified payments to those Russian citizens who permanently reside abroad includes legal means provided for by national legislation and the norms of international treaties concluded by the Russian Federation. The first group is represented mainly by additional obligations of the beneficiary to inform the pension agency about maintaining the grounds for payment of pensions (especially the duty to confirm being alive), failure to which, as a general rule, constitute grounds for the suspension of payment of pension. The legal means stipulated in international legal acts are based on the interaction of the competent institutions of the Contracting parties and are implemented, as a rule, without the participation of the pension recipient. Conclusion. The expansion of the list of States with which Russia has concluded international agreements on cooperation in the field of social security and the improvement of national legislation in this area should help reduce the number of cases of excessive payment of pensions to citizens living abroad.
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Stevens, Yves, Gerhard Gieselink e Bea Van Buggenhout. "Towards a New Role for Occupational Pensions in Continental Europe: Elements and Techniques of Solidarity Used within Funded Occupational Pension Schemes". European Journal of Social Security 4, n. 1 (marzo 2002): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016516427426.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
‘At first glance, it may seem incongruous to talk of private pensions in terms of equity. We do not for example, question whether champagne consumption is fairly distributed.’ This paper is about the debate on occupational pensions in continental Europe. Instead of looking at the financial issues, it looks at the elements of social protection and solidarity within occupational pensions. Occupational pensions are of increasing importance for continental European society. This is indicated by a so-called ‘new pension order’ that is predominantly influenced by the Anglo-Saxon vision of pensions. However, much of the ongoing (legal) debate on pension reform deals with elements such as fairness and redistribution.
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Benedict, Mary Ellen, e Kathryn Shaw. "The Impact of Pension Benefits on the Distribution of Earned Income". ILR Review 48, n. 4 (luglio 1995): 740–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399504800409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using standard measures of income inequality and detailed pension benefit information on participants in the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), the authors investigate how pension benefits affected the distribution of earned income. The results suggest that private pensions increased annual income inequality (relative to inequality observed in the distribution of wage income) by only about 2% among all employed individuals, but by 21% among unionized workers. Further analysis indicates that private pensions raised annual income inequality primarily by increasing the rate of return to tenure, possibly through pension “backloading” (setting accruals to grow when earnings rise near retirement) and the increasing incidence of pensions with age. Private pensions had little effect on estimates of the distribution of expected lifetime income, but the addition to the analysis of social security benefits (public pensions) strongly reduced inequality in that distribution.
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Rivadenerira Martínez, Carlos. "El sistema privado de pensiones chileno Injusto, riesgoso, e insuciente". Derecho y Justicia, n. 2 (7 luglio 2015): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196377.2.919.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ResumenApoyandose en estadsticas ociales, el artculo muestra que el sistema privado de pensiones chileno es insuciente en cuanto es incapaz de asegurar pensiones que permitan vivir dignamente. Se describe el sistema privado de pensiones chileno, los distintos tipos y modalidades de pensiones que entrega, y se exploran crticamente su caracter individualista y no solidario, y los roles limitados que el Estado juega en el, que hacen que sea dudoso incluso considerarlo como un sistema de seguridad social. Se exponen el caracter intrinsecamente riesgoso del sistema, y problemas como la discriminacion hacia las mujeres, y sus altos costos.Palabras clave: Pensiones; AFP; Seguridad social; Discriminacion; Riesgo.The Chilean private pensions system: Unfair, risky,and insufficientAbstractBased on social statistical data, the article shows that the Chilean private pensions system is insucient insofar as it is incapable of securing pensions that allow for a decent living. The Chilean private pensions system, the different kinds of pensions it provides and their modalities are described,and its individualistic and non-solidary characteris critically examined, as well as the limited roles the stateplays in it, all of which makes it dubious to even refer to itas a system of social security. The intrinsically risky characterof the system, and problems such as discrimination against women, and high costs are presented.Keywords: Pensions; AFP; Social security; Discrimination; Risk.
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Díaz-Giménez, Javier, e Julián Díaz-Saavedra. "Spanish Minimum Pensions after the 2013 Pension Reform". Studies of Applied Economics 33, n. 3 (9 febbraio 2020): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v33i3.3130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article we explore the consequences of exempting minimum pensions from the Pension Revaluation Index (PRI) introduced by the 2013 reform of the Spanish pension system and making their real value a constant share of per capita output instead. We find that this change essentially implies trading-off higher minimum pensions against a lower PRI -which reduces the real value of all other pensions- and against the higher consumption tax rates that are needed to finance them. When faced with these trade-offs, the optimal responses of the households in our model economy are to work shorter hours, to retire earlier, and to save less. They also consume less to avoid paying some of the higher consumption taxes. All this implies that preserving the real value of minimum pensions makes the growth rates of output smaller. We also find that this change compresses the range of pensions, and that as many as 48 percent of the retirees in our model economy collect the minimum pension in 2050. This share is 28 percentage points higher than the share of 2010. It also implies that pensions are more equally distributed because the bottom tail of the pension distribution collects a larger share of the total. Finally, we find that preserving the real value of minimum pensions brings about large welfare gains.
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Прилипко, Руслан, e Надія Марценюк. "Соціальне обслуговування особливого контингенту собезу в УСРР у 20-х рр. ХХ ст." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series History, n. 26 (8 dicembre 2018): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2018-26-64-71.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The basis of organizational and legal form of the pension system during the new economic policy was social insurance, who was in charged the People's Commissariat of Labor. However, the founded of the pension business took place within the framework of the People's Commissariat of Social Security. Continuing to remain wards sobes and receiving pension payments, a certain proportion of these individuals in social status belonged to workers and employers, albeit with a prefix "ex". That is why the social protection of these categories of people was carried out with the participation of both People's Commissariats (labor and social security), in certain shares.Among the social groups of pensioners of the period mentioned were: invalids of civil and imperialist wars, victims of counterrevolution, Red Army soldiers and members of their families, academpensionaries, disabled workers and the like. So, users of pensions or receivers social assistance were recognized as the pensioners, which were victim to civil and imperialist wars and personal pensioners .he organization of social protection of people with disabilities inevitably led to competition between the two institutions, whose main goal were to become independent. Despite the fact that each of the People's Commissariats had their own contingent of servicemen, there were questions, which demanded joint activities, they were accompanied by the greatest contradictions. The result of this joint service was that the supplements to pensions were financed from the state budget, and the basic amount of pensions - at the expense the permanent disability insurance fund. This situation was based, first of all, on the difficulties of the state in the conditions of market transformations, which affected the stability of the provision of these categories. Legislative norms often changed not only the terms and procedure of provision, but also the social composition of the contingent provided.
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Alimova, Guzal Abdukhakimovna. "Foreign Experience In Indexing The Amount Of Pensions". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 02, n. 11 (30 novembre 2020): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume02issue11-80.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The transition of the economy of Uzbekistan from a rigid planning and distribution strategy to market relations and a decrease in the state's influence in the economic sphere, as well as a low level of pension provision, required changes in pensions. The increased attention to it is explained by the fact that it, without exaggeration, affects the interests of the entire population of the country: both those who are already receiving a pension, and those to whom it will be assigned after a while. At the same time, it is indisputable that pension is the basis of the life of any pensioner and its small size is the most important social problem.