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1
Papadakis, John, e Rosalind Connor. "Pensions Act 2004: Effects on transactions involving UK companies". Pensions: An International Journal 11, n. 4 (agosto 2006): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5940028.
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Byrne, Alistair, Debbie Harrison, Bill Rhodes e David Blake. "PYRRHIC VICTORY? THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE OF THE PENSIONS ACT 2004". Economic Affairs 26, n. 2 (giugno 2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2006.00625.x.
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Byrne, Alistair, Debbie Harrison, Bill Rhodes e David Blake. "Pyrrhic victory? The unintended consequence of the Pensions Act 2004". Pensions: An International Journal 12, n. 2 (marzo 2007): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5950048.
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Moss, Rachel. "Dealing with pensions. The practical impact of the Pensions Act 2004 on mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and insolvencies". Pensions: An International Journal 12, n. 4 (settembre 2007): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pm.5950058.
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Kumudha, A. "Impact of FRBM Act 2003 on Public Expenditure in India". Shanlax International Journal of Economics 12, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v12i1.6708.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
India is a developing nation experiencing lower socio-economic indicators, and widespread poverty and inequality exist in the economy. So, the development of the nation requires huge public expenditure in the social and infrastructure sectors. The contribution of taxes to the GDP ratio is very low in India, and the government could not meet the various public works with limited resources. In India, interest payments, defence, pensions, salaries, and subsidies are the major components of public expenditure and collectively occupy more than 60 percent of total public expenditure. The government plays a vital role in establishing a welfare society, and it has spent a huge amount on the development of the economy in various ways. Insufficient funds from the government require better utilisation of available sources of public expenditure and better management of the fiscal deficit. In 2003, the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act was enacted to maintain the fiscal deficit at 3 percent, establish financial discipline in the economy, reduce the fiscal deficit, and improve the administration of public resources. This act came into force in 2004. This study aims at understanding the trends and growth rate of public expenditure in India. The study found that after implementing the FRBM Act 2003 in India, the ACGR of subsidies, loans, advances, and capital outlays has increased, which is conducive to enhancing economic development.
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Appiah, Prince Ofosu. "The National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act 766) and Challeges of Pension Fund Administration in Ghana". Feb-Mar 2023, n. 32 (21 febbraio 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls.32.1.12.
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The recent reformation in Ghana’s pensions space introduced the three-tier pension scheme underpinned by the National Pensions Act, 2008 (Act766) under the regulatory authority of the NPRA. Seeking to redress inherent challenges, the transformational shift effected by the former yielded the incorporation of private sector through inclusion of approved corporate trustees, fund managers, fund custodians and other service providers. However, despite the new scheme’s attenuation of key lapses and challenges of the previous regime, there still exist predicaments that are reflective of the later. By employing secondary and other forms of empirical data, this research explores significant shortfalls observed in the management of various schemes (DB and DC) intertwined with sections of the Act 766 that require reconsideration. The upshot of this research reveals the retarded performance of the Defined Benefit Scheme as opposed to the stupendous attainments of the Defined Contributory Scheme. Findings pertaining to inadequate coverage of schemes, perceived bureaucracy, payment of benefits, monthly remittances, and defaulted employers as well as exclusions from the three-tier pension scheme, suggest that extra work must be embarked on to make pension delivery effective and efficient. The paper therefore proposes rudimentary review of certain controversial provisions under the Act 766 coupled with strict adherence to various guidelines pertaining to the regulatory and administrative functions of stakeholders.
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Aransiola, Temidayo James, Daniella Cavalcanti, José Alejandro Ordoñez, Philipp Hessel, Ana L. Moncayo, Carlos Chivardi, Alberto Sironi et al. "Current and Projected Mortality and Hospitalization Rates Associated With Conditional Cash Transfer, Social Pension, and Primary Health Care Programs in Brazil, 2000-2030". JAMA Network Open 7, n. 4 (22 aprile 2024): e247519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7519.
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ImportanceThe health outcomes of increased poverty and inequalities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been substantially amplified as a consequence of converging multiple crises. Brazil has some of the world’s largest conditional cash transfer (Programa Bolsa Família [PBF]), social pension (Beneficio de Prestacão Continuada [BPC]), and primary health care (Estratégia de Saúde da Família [ESF]) programs that could act as mitigating interventions during the current polycrisis era of increasing poverty, slow or contracting economic growth, and conflicts.ObjectiveTo evaluate the combined association of the Brazilian conditional cash transfer, social pension, and primary health care programs with the reduction of morbidity and mortality over the last 2 decades and forecast their potential mitigation of the current global polycrisis and beyond.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used a longitudinal ecological design with multivariable negative binomial regression models (adjusted for relevant socioeconomic, demographic, and health care variables) integrating the retrospective analysis from 2000 to 2019, with dynamic microsimulation models to forecast potential child mortality scenarios up to 2030. Participants included a cohort of 2548 Brazilian municipalities from 2004 to 2019, projected from 2020 to 2030. Data analysis was performed from September 2022 to February 2023.ExposurePBF coverage of the target population (those who were poorest) was categorized into 4 levels: low (0%-29.9%), intermediate (30.0%-69.9%), high (70.0%-99.9%), and consolidated (≥100%). ESF coverage was categorized as null (0), low (0.1%-29.9%), intermediate (30.0%-69.9%), and consolidated (70.0%-100%). BPC coverage was categorized by terciles.Main outcomes and measuresAge-standardized, all-cause mortality and hospitalization rates calculated for the entire population and by age group (<5 years, 5-29 years, 30-69 years, and ≥70 years).ResultsAmong the 2548 Brazilian municipalities studied from 2004 to 2019, the mean (SD) age-standardized mortality rate decreased by 16.64% (from 6.73 [1.14] to 5.61 [0.94] deaths per 1000 population). Consolidated coverages of social welfare programs studied were all associated with reductions in overall mortality rates (PBF: rate ratio [RR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.96]; ESF: RR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.93-0.94]; BPC: RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.91-0.92]), having all together prevented an estimated 1 462 626 (95% CI, 1 332 128-1 596 924) deaths over the period 2004 to 2019. The results were higher on mortality for the group younger than age 5 years (PBF: RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.85-0.90]; ESF: RR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.87-0.93]; BPC: RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.82-0.86]), on mortality for the group aged 70 years and older, and on hospitalizations. Considering a shorter scenario of economic crisis, a mitigation strategy that will increase the coverage of PBF, BPC, and ESF to proportionally cover the newly poor and at-risk individuals was projected to avert 1 305 359 (95% CI, 1 163 659-1 449 256) deaths and 6 593 224 (95% CI, 5 534 591-7 651 327) hospitalizations up to 2030, compared with fiscal austerity scenarios that would reduce the coverage of these interventions.Conclusions and relevanceThis cohort study’s results suggest that combined expansion of conditional cash transfers, social pensions, and primary health care should be considered a viable strategy to mitigate the adverse health outcomes of the current global polycrisis in LMICs, whereas the implementation of fiscal austerity measures could result in large numbers of preventable deaths.
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Siraj, Fauzan Arif. "Analisis Perhitungan, Pemotongan, Penyetoran dan Pelaporan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Pasal 21 Atas Penerima Pensiun pada PT Taspen (Persero) Cabang Surakarta". Duconomics Sci-meet (Education & Economics Science Meet) 1 (27 luglio 2021): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37010/duconomics.v1.5402.
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Income Tax is a tax levied on the object of tax on his income. Income tax will always be imposed on people or business entities earning income in Indonesia. The tax applicable to employees and pension recipients is Income Tax Article 21. The subject of Article 21 of the Act in particular concerning pensions and Article 21 in particular about pensions is pensions themselves. Therefore, participants who receive pension contributions are Taxpayers PPh Article 21. This study aims to find out the calculation, deduction, deposit and reporting of Income Tax Article 21 at PT Taspen (Persero) Surakarta Branch whether it is in accordance with Law No. 36 of 2008 and the Law on penile funds. The object of this research was taken at PT Taspen (Persero) Surakarta Branch. The research method used is descriptive analysis method. The results of the research obtained are the mechanism of Income Tax article 21 on periodic pension recipients at PT Taspen (Persero) Surakarta Branch in accordance with Law No. 36 of 2008 and Regulation of the Director General of Taxation No. PER-16/PJ/2016. The tax calculation for pension recipients is still three people who are not suitable.
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Lynch, Julia, e Mikko Myrskylä. "Always the Third Rail?" Comparative Political Studies 42, n. 8 (18 marzo 2009): 1068–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414009331722.
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Social transfer programs are thought to generate beneficiary groups who will act politically to defend “their” programs from retrenchment. But little empirical research has been conducted to either verify or disconfirm the micro foundations of this hypothesis, which lies at the heart of the “new social risks” thesis as well as many economic analyses of welfare state politics. This article tests empirically whether benefiting from public pensions leads individuals to greater support of the pension system status quo, net of other factors. It uses cross—data set imputation to combine cross-nationally comparable individual-level data on income from public pensions with political attitudes toward proposed pension reforms. The hypothesis that public pension systems create policy feedbacks of self-interested beneficiaries supporting further pension spending is not supported in any of 11 European countries in either 1992 or 2001.
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Olurankinse. "Pension Reform Act 2004: An Overview". Journal of Social Sciences 6, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2010): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2010.179.185.
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Strobel, Caroline D. "Pension protection act of 2006". Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 18, n. 3 (2007): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20297.
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Brown, Jeffrey R. "Guaranteed Trouble: The Economic Effects of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation". Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2008): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.1.177.
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How did the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, a government corporation created to insure the pensions of workers and retirees in bankrupt firms, end up facing financial distress of its own? How did an organization designed to strengthen retirement security come to be seen as contributing to retirement insecurity? The superficial answer is that the PBGC's current funding problem arises from the decline in stock market prices in 2000, which reduced pension assets, and the fall in interest rates at about the same time, which boosted the present value of pension liabilities. But more fundamentally, much of the blame for the poor financial state of the PBGC, as well as the defined benefit system more generally, lies in some major design flaws of the PBGC pension insurance program. Specifically, the PBGC has: 1) failed to properly price insurance and thus encouraged excessive risk-taking by plan sponsors; 2) failed to promote adequate funding of pension obligations; and 3) failed to promote sufficient information disclosure to market participants. Together, these three flaws produced a system in which many firms fail to adequately fund their pension obligations, knowing that in financial distress, they can dump their pension liabilities onto the PBGC. Though the Pension Protection Act of 2006 made some progress in improving the PBGC program, it failed to correct these three major problems fully. Absent further reform, substantial problems will continue to plague the private defined benefit pension system in decades to come. To prevent this deterioration, this paper concludes that Congress should transfer much of the responsibility for defined benefit pension insurance to compulsory private markets.
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Kilgour, John G. "The Evolution of Private Sector Retirement Income From Defined-Benefit Pensions to Target-Date 401(k) Plans". Compensation & Benefits Review 51, n. 2 (aprile 2019): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886368719864480.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Traditional employer-sponsored defined-benefit pension plans in the private sector that provided lifetime benefits have declined precipitously since 1985. They have been largely replaced by Section 401(k) plans in which investment control, market risk and longevity risk have been transferred from the employer to the participant. Most participants opted for the low-yielding money market plan default option, which proved inadequate for providing viable retirement income. The Pension Reform Act of 2006 made two important changes to 401(k) plans: (1) allowed automatic enrollment and (2) allowed target-date funds as a “qualified default investment alternative.” This article examines the evolution from defined-benefit pensions to target-date funds and the closely related collective investment trusts.
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Lucas, John J. "Did The Pension Protection Act (PPA) Of 2006 Resolve The Pension Crisis In Corporate America?" American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 2, n. 4 (1 luglio 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v2i4.4053.
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On August 17, 2006, President George W. Bush signed into law the Pension Protection Act (PL 109-280). The 907-page federal law has been referred to as the most comprehensive reform of the nations pension law since the enactment of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 (Lucas, 2008). This paper will examine the major provisions of the Pension Protection Act (PPA). Additionally, the paper will analyze the impact of PPA on the retirement programs in corporate America and whether it resolved the pension crisis that existed prior to its passage as a federal law.
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Strobel, Caroline D. "The pension protection act of 2006". Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 18, n. 5 (2007): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.20329.
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Igbokwe, Igbokwe Chukwuma, Eze Fredrick e Eneh Maximus. "Contributory Pension Scheme and Performance of Employee of Unity Schools in South East Nigeria (2005-2019)". Journal of Policy and Development Studies 15, n. 2 (9 maggio 2024): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i2.5.
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This paper critically examines the implementation of the contributory pension scheme in Unity Schools in the south east of Nigeria. The specific objectives were: to determine the extent of implementation of the contributory pension scheme; how it has helped in motivating staff and the challenges confronting the implementation of the scheme in Unity Schools in the South East. Population of the study was 1,091 based on the nominal rolls of the five schools in Enugu and Anambra States. The Sample Size of 293 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s statistical formula of 1964. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested using t-test statistics. Findings of the study revealed that: Contributory Pension Scheme has been fully implemented in Unity Schools; Contributory Pension Scheme has no significant effect on the motivation of workers for efficiency in the discharge of their duties and that Federal Government inconsistency in prompt remittance of its share of the contributions and it’s borrowing from the fund for infrastructural development among others constitute challenges to the implementation of the scheme. Based on the findings, the study recommended that: the Pension Reform Act be further amended to include the payment of gratuity; increase employers contributions from ten percent (10%) to fifteen percent (l5%), and the removal of the 16years limit on pension. The Contributory Pension Scheme is a welcome idea which when properly implemented will eradicate the pensioners’ harsh lives thereby making their dream a reality.
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Lucas, John J. "Are Cash Balance Pension Plans A Viable Retirement Program For Corporate America?" Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 10, n. 8 (1 agosto 2012): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v10i8.7173.
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Cash Balance Pension Plans are a defined benefit plan where employees have a hypothetical account that increases annually, as a result of compensation credit as well as interest credit. In essence, cash balance pension plans combine elements of both a traditional defined benefit plan and a defined contribution plan (Lucas, 2007). This paper examines the recent trends and legal ruling regarding cash balance pension plans. The paper also provides an examination of the role of the Pension Protection Act (PPA) of 2006 and its impact on cash balance pension plans. An evaluation will also be presented to determine if cash balance pension plans are a viable retirement program option in corporate America.
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Manalu, Nelson, Martono Anggusti e Janpatar Simamora. "KEPASTIAN HUKUM MANFAAT PENSIUN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 13 TAHUN 2003 DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA NO. 11 TAHUN 2020 KLASTER IV DAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 45 TAHUN 2015". NOMMENSEN JOURNAL OF LEGAL OPINION 2, n. 02 (30 luglio 2021): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/njlo.v2i02.393.
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Workers at work and when entering retirement age, that in everyday life it is difficult to deny the condition of workers categorized as marginalized (groups), this can be seen through Government Regulation concerning retirement age Number: PER-02/1995 retirement age 55 years and Government Regulation No: 45 of 2015 the retirement age is 56 years and can be extended to 60 years. Whereas in daily reality there are still many workers who work in the formal sector, generally in private companies are employed over the age of 60 years. Whereas according to the labor law, namely Law no. 13 of 2003 article 167 (currently has been removed) the retirement age is not regulated explicitly and only refers to the pension benefit which is regulated by the amount of the pension benefit according to the working period of the worker/laborer. Whereas according to the Job Creation Law, Number 11 of 2020 Cluster IV concerning Employment does not refer to the Government Regulation regulating the retirement age, and the Cluster IV Job Creation Act Number 11 of 2020 only regulates pensions and the nominal value of pension benefits is regulated by Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021.
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Oluwatoyin, Sule Kehinde, e Emerole Gideon Ahamuefula . "The Impact of Assets Size and Profitability on Funded Status of Employee Retirement Benefits by Quoted Firms in Nigeria". Information Management and Business Review 2, n. 3 (15 marzo 2011): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v2i3.891.
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This study assesses the impact of quoted companies’ assets size and profitability on employee retirement benefits in Nigeria. In line with the objective, a hypothesis was formulated. The population of the study is 182 firms quoted on the first- tier market of the Nigerian Stock Exchange and ten (10) quoted firms selected as sample size based on judgmental sampling. The study utilized data from secondary source. Data were obtained from the annual accounts and reports of the (10) quoted firms that made up the sample of the study. The time frame for the study is ten years, covering the period of 1998 to 2007. The technique of analysis used in the study was Multiple Regression Analysis. The study established that the ability of quoted firms to fund their pension costs has direct relationship with their assets sizes and respective profitability. The study recommended an effective monitoring/supervision and enforcement of the provisions of the Pension Reform Act, 2004, in addition to effective implementation of the penalties provided by the Act on non-compliers regardless of their status or origin. The study calls the Government to create conducive and enabling environment for smooth implementation, compliance and application of the Pension Reform Act, 2004 by firms and other players in pension administration. While, regulatory authorities must encouraged research and activities geared towards developing not only accounting policies that would ensure full compliance with Statement of Accounting Standards 8 (SAS 8) but strategies that would ensure optimum investments that enhance net worth and earnings of firms.
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CARVALHO, Celso Almeida de, e Sérgio José MARSON. "FUNDO DE PENSÃO INGLÊS: POR QUÊ A CONTA NÃO FECHA". Revista AKEDIA - Versões, Negligências e Outros Mundos 16 (2024): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33726/akd2447-7656v16a10year2024p75a89.
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In the United Kingdom, 'Pensions' emerged after World War II, concomitant with 'English Pension Funds', making workers prosper in the so-called 'Golden Age of Capitalism'. The aim of this work is to understand how pension funds, by investing in longer-term assets, have become more stable in the origin of their current sources of funds. The research is justified by the fact that, despite long term financing, in the 1970s the global financial scenario changed and Pension Funds also began to act as investors and financiers in the market, especially with a view to participating in the amounts invested in institutional players' resources. The methodology used is a bibliographic review of physical and digital collections, prioritizing publications indexed between 1997 and 2022. As a partial result of the review, we see that, with the advent of modern capitalism, British pension funds went from being solid, stable investors to financial market speculators, taking on a leading role in the international financial scene, prospecting and growing by acquiring securities from the British government and other governments, business groups and banks. The research hypothesis that emerges from this result is that, in this way, British pension funds have become financing agents in the new world capitalism, supporting the global economy, buying up public debts, investing in public and private companies, generating a large number of infrastructure projects and real estate parks. The main bibliographic contribution to this research is the work of Coggiola (2003).
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CAMPBELL, JOHN L., DAN S. DHALIWAL e WILLIAM C. SCHWARTZ JR. "Equity Valuation Effects of the Pension Protection Act of 2006*". Contemporary Accounting Research 27, n. 2 (giugno 2010): 469–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01015.x.
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CAMPBELL, JOHN L., DAN S. DHALIWAL e WILLIAM C. SCHWARTZ Jr. "Equity Valuation Effects of the Pension Protection Act of 2006". Contemporary Accounting Research 27, n. 2 (giugno 2010): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01023_3.x.
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Mhango, M., e N. Dyani. "THE DUTY TO EFFECT AN APPROPRIATE MODE OF PAYMENT TO MINOR PENSION BENEFICIARIES UNDER SCRUTINY IN DEATH CLAIMS". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 12, n. 2 (26 giugno 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i2a2729.
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his note focuses on the payment into a trust arrangement in favour of a minor beneficiary as contemplated in terms of section 37C (2) of the Pension Funds Act 24 of 1956. The aim is to examine the criteria under which the boards of management of pension funds may deprive a guardian the right to administer benefits on behalf of minor beneficiaries. This examination is conducted within the context of the approach adopted by the Pension Funds Adjudicator in four specific determinations decided prior, but relevant, to the amendments to the Pension Funds Act, where the board in each case unlawfully deprived a guardian of the right to administer death benefits in favour of a minor beneficiary. Therefore, the note will discuss four specific determinations and thereafter comment about the criteria to be used by practitioners. The note argues that these determinations should be welcomed because of their progressive interpretation of the Pension Funds Act and for setting an important precedent for pension fund practitioners and boards. In each case, the Pension Funds Adjudicator found a violation of section 37C. The note also criticises the remedy granted in two of the determinations, namely Moralo v Holcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent, and argues that the Pension Funds Adjudicator’s ruling on these matters was arbitrary and capricious because it disregarded its own precedent in Lebepe v Premier Foods Provident Fund & Others. We therefore submit that the Pension Funds Adjudicator should have ordered the boards in Moralo vHolcim South African Provident Fund, and Mafe v Barloworld (SA) Retirement Fund Respondent to pay all of the benefits directly to the complainants and guardians in those determinations.
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R., Samuel, e Ajibose K.A. "An Assessment of the Impacts of the Pension System Reforms on Employees’ Performance and Retention in Nigeria Distilleries Limited, Lagos Nigeria". British Journal of Management and Marketing Studies 4, n. 3 (9 settembre 2021): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjmms-d9pmgxpy.
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Consequently, upon many decades of inefficient and corrupt pension management system in Nigeria, public servants in Nigeria dreaded retirement because of the reported plight of retirees who were seen dying on queues or living under the bridges at the Federal Capital City of Abuja. While an average worker in other parts of the world looks forward to a decent and enjoyable post-work life, Nigerians lived in fear of ageing and retirement resulting in several malpractices such as multiple declarations of age with intent to keep them at work far past the official retirement age. Factors arising from pension inadequacies, poor funding, embezzlements and long arrears especially in the public sector led to the initiatives for restructuring of the country’s pension system and the enactment of the Pension Reform Act of 2004 and its review Act of 2014. The reforms aimed at making pension administration more effective, efficient, to make and improve on the question of adequacy and fund security. However, key problems in the management of the new pension system involve the perception of the degree and significance of its impact and whether key objectives are satisfied according to the intent of the reforms. This study was designed to examine whether the reforms have contributed significantly to addressing employees' post-work-life concerns and how such assessments impact their performance. Specifically, the paper examines if a relationship exists between the new pension reform act and employee retention, as well as organizational performance using a sample of employees of Nigerian Distilleries Ltd. Three hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance, using the inferential statistics of Regression Analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The findings show that there is a significant relationship between the New Pension Reform Act and employee’s performance. Also, the New Pension Reform Act has a positive effect on employee retention, compensation design must reflect this option in order to attract, motivate and retain employees. With further evidence that the pension system has the propensity to align the individual and corporate goals by increasing their job commitment, performance and motivation, the paper concludes that proper implementation of the provisions of the pension reform act is a prerequisite for achieving its objectives.
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Hemmings, F. W. T. "After the Last Bow: The Fate of Superannuated Actors in Nineteenth-Century France". Theatre Research International 18, n. 2 (1993): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300017259.
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One of the incidental attractions of joining the Comédie-Française had always been that the Society could be relied on to look after the well-being of its veteran members even after they had left the stage, provided that they had given it a full twenty years' service counting from the date of their promotion to the rank of societaire. The policy of paying retirement pensions to superannuated actors at the royal theatre antedates even the coming into being of the Comédie-Française. In his Théâtre françois of 1674, Chappuzeau mentions the custom which had already grown up at that time for a new entrant to pay the older one whom he was replacing ‘une pension honnête’ out of his own earnings, so as to provide the retired actor with an income permitting him to live out his remaining days without falling into destitution. On 17 May 1728 the system was regularized by a proclamation to the effect that ‘les acteurs et actrices qui se retireraient jouiraient à l'avenir d'une pension viagère de mille livies, soit qu'ils eussent eu part entière, demi-part ou même un quart de part’; and although these arrangements fell into abeyance during the Revolution, causing acute distress to several former sociétaires who had only their personal savings to fall back on, they were reinstated by the Act of Association which all members of the Society were required to sign in 1804: clause 12 laid it down that ‘le sociétaire qui se retirera après vingt ans de service aura droit à une pension viagère de 2000 francs de la part du Gouvernement et à une pension égale de la part de la Société’. Even if they had no other resources, 4000 francs a year would relieve an ex-actor of serious financial anxieties; and since they might still be in their early forties when they took retirement, there was nothing to prevent them starting a business if they wished or cultivating a small farm in the country.
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Mhango, Mtendeweka, e Kananelo Mosito. "The constitutional implications of pension deductions under the Pension Funds Act of Lesotho: A comparative analysis". Law, Democracy and Development 27 (6 luglio 2023): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2077-4907/2023/ldd.v27.7.
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This article discusses the constitutional implications of pension deductions in the kingdoms of Eswatini and Lesotho. The article is based on a constitutional problem that arose in Government of Eswatini v Mhlanga, where the Supreme Court declared section 32(2) of the Retirement Funds Act 2005 unconstitutional on the grounds that it conflicted with the Constitution. Two decisions in the case - a majority and a minority decision - will be discussed for the purposes of applying them to Lesotho. The article considers comparative questions, including whether the newly enacted section 33(d) of Lesotho's Pension Funds Act 5 of 2019 potentially offends the Constitution of Lesotho in the same way as the majority judgment found in Mhlanga. The article recommends that, when called upon, the judiciary in Lesotho should interpret section 33(d) of the Pension Funds Act in line with the minority judgment in Mhlanga.
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CAMPBELL, JOHN L., DAN S. DHALIWAL e WILLIAM C. SCHWARTZ Jr. "Répercussions de la Pension Protection Act de 2006 sur la valeur boursière". Contemporary Accounting Research 27, n. 2 (giugno 2010): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01023_11.x.
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NASIRU SALISU e INUWA ABDU IBRAHIM. "Assessment of satisfaction with contributory pension scheme among retired staff of the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University and Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 11, n. 2 (30 marzo 2024): 584–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0482.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The new contributory pension scheme (CPS) was introduced by the Pension Reform Act, 2004 reviewed in 2014.The reform became necessary in order alleviate the constraints of Defined Pension Scheme in Nigeria. Evidently the old pension scheme became operationally unsustainable due to deficit funding, weak administrative structure, frequent increase in salary etc. To this end the new contributory pension scheme was introduced in 2004 making it mandatory for both employees and employers to contribute a certain percentage into retirement savings account of individual prospective retiree. This is with a view to build in confidence among retirees of the safety and immediate payment of their benefit. The study intends to assess the satisfaction of contributory pension scheme among retired staff of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University and Federal Polytechnic Bauchi. The data for the study were generated from primary and secondary sources. The instruments of the primary data collection used were questionnaire and interview, while secondary sources made use of reports, books, magazines, gazettes, journals, research theses and dissertations and the internet. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Questionnaires were distributed on a sample of 107 respondents selected from the population of the study through simple random sampling techniques to test the hypotheses. Chi square analysis tests result revealed that, compliance with the contributory pension scheme significantly improved prompt payment of lump sum benefits and implementation of CPS has significantly improved easy and timely access to pension benefits in RSA by retirees in ATBU and FPTB. However, it was recommended among other things that, PENCOM should ensure the achievement of a competitive return on investment through strong policies that will bring good investment and sustained output growth required to guarantee higher RSA growth and pension payment of retirees to improve the living standard of retirees. PENCOM should ensure close supervision, monitoring and evaluation of the performance of PFA’s in order to achieve efficiency in pension system. This will ensure transparency and continue promptness in payments, which are major setback of the old scheme.
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Nwawolo, Hope, e Ngozi Nwogwugwu. "Contributors’ Involvement in Pension Fund Investments Decision Making and Retirees Standard of Living in University of Lagos, Nigeria". Asian Social Science 15, n. 4 (29 marzo 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n4p69.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Management of the pension scheme in Nigeria had been inundated with several and diverse challenges ranging from corruption and mismanagement of funds for some decades. As a result retirees were not able to access their pension benefits leading to some dying without access to their fund. The government then introduced the contributory pension system in a pension Act of 2004 which was amended in 2014, as a measure to minimize the sufferings of retirees as well as allay the fears of workers. However, the problems of pension are yet to abate and retirees are still groaning under unstable welfare. This study examined contributors’ involvement in pension funds investment decision making and retirees’ standard of living. The study adopted convergent parallel research design with population being non-academic staff of University of Lagos. The population of the study was 5098 and sample size was set at 100 respondents using Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula. Response rate of the validated questionnaire was 91%. Descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression) were employed in analysis of data. The study found that contributors’ decision making on pension fund investment exerted a positive significant effect on retirees standard of living (β=.46, R2=0.49, t=10.57, p
30
Keeper, Trish. "Should Pension Savings Be a Protected Property at Bankruptcy?" QUT Law Review 17, n. 1 (22 settembre 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v17i1.704.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2015, the New Zealand Court of Appeal held, in Trustee Executors Ltd v The Official Assignee,[1] a test case brought by the Official Assignee (OA), that the OA could not access the KiwiSaver balances of a bankrupt. In response, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment released a Discussion Document in July 2016, proposing a law change to make some, or all, of a bankrupt’s pension savings available to the OA for the benefit of a bankrupt’s creditors. This article outlines the Court of Appeal decision and its implications within the context of both the New Zealand Insolvency Act 2006 and the KiwiSaver Act 2006. It then critically discusses the law change proposed in the Discussion Document and suggests that, given the significant difficulties with this proposal, more limited reforms be implemented to prevent bankrupts unfairly using the inalienability of pension savings to defeat the interests of creditors.
[1] [2015] NZCA 118.
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Putra, Wahyudi Prima, Suhaidi Suhaidi, Jelly Leviza e Marsella Marsella. "Analisis Yuridis Atas Penggabungan PT Taspen (Persero) dan PT Asabri (Persero) pada Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial". ARBITER: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Hukum 2, n. 1 (2 maggio 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/arbiter.v2i1.98.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The transformation becomes an important vocabulary since last seven years in Indonesia, precisely since the enactment of the National Social Security System (Social Security Act) on October 19, 2004. Persero four state-owned social security program organizers PT Askes, PT Asabri, PT Jamsostek and PT Taspen will be transformed into BPJS . Asabri program is part of the rights of soldiers and police members on a decent income. Asabri programs and programs pension payments transferred by Asabri PT and old age savings program and programs pension payments transferred from TASPEN PT is part of the program in accordance with that law. With the inclusion of informal workers in the social security system which has clearly not been recorded, it will take time and a very large cost.
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van Gent, Wouter, Cody Hochstenbach e Justus Uitermark. "Exclusion as urban policy: The Dutch ‘Act on Extraordinary Measures for Urban Problems’". Urban Studies 55, n. 11 (27 luglio 2017): 2337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017717214.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Dutch government introduced the Act on Extraordinary Measures for Urban Problems in 2006 to bolster local regeneration efforts. The act enables local governments to stop specific groups of deprived households from moving into designated neighbourhoods. More specifically, the Act allows local governments to refuse a residence permit to persons who have lived in the metropolitan region for less than six years and who do not receive an income from work, pensions or student loans. The policy is based on the idea that reducing the influx of poor newcomers improves liveability by providing a temporary relief of the demand for public services and by making neighbourhoods demographically ‘balanced’ or ‘socially mixed’. This review examines the socio-spatial effects of the Act in Rotterdam between 2006 and 2013. While the Act produces socio-demographic changes, the state of the living environment in designated areas seems to be worsening rather than improving. Our findings show that the policy restricts the rights of excluded groups without demonstrably improving safety or liveability. The review concludes with a reflection on how the Act may signify a broader change in European statecraft and urban policy.
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Ibeme, Patricia Nwamaka, e Alexander Aniche. "Diagnosing the Elephantine Problems in the Implementation of the 2004 Pension Act in Enugu State Civil Service". Journal of Policy and Development Studies 10, n. 4 (novembre 2016): 102–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0041087.
Testo completo
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Gonyea, Judith G. "Improving the Retirement Prospects of Lower-Wage Workers in a Defined-Contribution World". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 88, n. 3 (luglio 2007): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3655.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lower-wage workers have always faced challenges in saving for their retirement years. As U.S. businesses increasingly adopt defined-contribution pension plans and emphasize individual responsibility and choice, what is the impact of this shift on the working poor? Lack of pension coverage is a significant concern because Social Security alone will not assure a comfortable retirement for lower-income workers. Our survey of more than 300 lower-wage service workers revealed that significant predictors of retirement savings behavior included greater financial literacy as well as greater job stability, stronger workforce attachment, and higher income. Employer-sponsored pension plans were the most frequently used savings option. Based on the findings, we explore the potential impacts of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA) on lower-wage workers' retirement security and propose policy steps to reduce the risk of poverty being recycled into postretirement years.
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Tale, Dennis C. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the German Pension System". ACTA VŠFS 17, n. 1 (30 giugno 2023): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37355/acta-2023/1-04.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The COVID-19 pandemic was declared over in April 2023. Like the financial crisis of 2008, the pandemic outbreak had an exogenous shock effect on Germany's micro- and macroeconomic environment. This mainly affected the labor market, and after that, the Bundesregierung took measures to stabilize the labor market to prevent a dramatic increase in unemployment. The German pension system is a pay-as-you-go system that is financed on a long-term basis by demographic and economic developments. Based on these factors, projections on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on statutory pension insurance in Germany were already made in 2020. This paper compares the forecasts from 2020 with the actual development, combined with whether German pension insurance can be assessed as sustainable after the pandemic.
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Vostatek, Jaroslav. "Social Workers’ Compensation Models and the Czech Statutory Employer Liability Insurance". DANUBE 11, n. 1 (1 marzo 2020): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2020-0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Czech workers’ compensation is “exemplified” by the adoption of the Worker’s Accident Insurance Act in 2006, four deferments of its effective date and then complete annulment of the Act. A temporary settlement aimed at resolving the incompatibility of the communist model of workers’ compensation for work accidents and occupational illnesses with the transition to a market economy after 1989 involved the implementation of statutory employer liability insurance for work accidents and occupational illnesses, outsourced to two private insurance companies; the current Czech government does not seem to have a know how to deal with it. The objective of this paper is primarily to advise the government using primarily the formulation and comparison of four basic social workers’ compensation models and furthermore considering the existing sickness, pension and health insurance systems. The choice of a social model is namely a matter of public choice, but intensive lobbying also constitutes part of these processes. The analyses result in a recommendation to “dissolve” the statutory employer liability insurance into a jointly collected social insurance contribution for sickness and pension insurance, and partly to transform the current accident benefits into increased sickness and pension benefit assessments and partly to cancel them.
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Oxley, Jonathan. "Does additional mandatory reporting alter charity or donor behavior? Examining the 2006 Pension Protection Act". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 200 (agosto 2022): 738–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2022.06.012.
Testo completo
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Engelhardt, Gary V. "State wage-payment laws, the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and 401(k) saving behavior". Economics Letters 113, n. 3 (dicembre 2011): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.07.009.
Testo completo
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Campbell, John L., Nathan C. Goldman e Bin Li. "Do Financing Constraints Lead to Incremental Tax Planning? Evidence from the Pension Protection Act of 2006*". Contemporary Accounting Research 38, n. 3 (29 giugno 2021): 1961–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12679.
Testo completo
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Odo, Cosmas Ogobuchi, Chinedu Crescent Okeke e Deborah Patience Okoro. "Contributory Pension Scheme and Insurance Industry’s Equity Investments in Nigeria". Archives of Business Research 10, n. 10 (24 ottobre 2022): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.1010.12774.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper explores the nexus between contributory pension and growth of the Nigerian insurance industry. Proxies for insurance industry growth were taken as direct premium generated and growth of its investments, especially equity investments. Given that equity investment was one of the prescribed investment outlets for insurance industry funds in Nigeria, authors hypothesized that the contributory pension Act of 2014 would spur rapid growth in equity investments of the industry for the period investigated. Ex-post facto research design was followed and data were drawn from the annual accounts and reports of National Insurance Commission, NAICOM, and publications of Pension Regulatory Commission, PENCOM, National Bureau of Statistics, NBC, and Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, for the period, 2005-2015. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was the estimation method, whereas techniques for data analysis included Multi-Regression model, t-test statistic, adjusted coefficient of determination and F-statistic. The result of the tests showed that contributory pension has positive and significant impact on the insurance industry’s equity investments (p<0.05). Clearly, reform of pension industry led to rapid increases in the equity investments of the insurance industry but limited only by statutory ceiling on equity investments and what sound prudence dictates.
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Pizarro, Tatiana Marisel. "Ellas en los discursos del Estado". Revista Heterotópica 2, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2020): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/htp-v2n2-2020-56641.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Con este paper pretendemos indagar en el modo en que se presentan discursivamente a las amas de casa en aquellas políticas sociales que las tienen y tuvieron como merecedora de haberes previsionales en Argentina, durante el periodo 2004-2016. Específicamente, realizamos un análisis del discurso institucional legislativo de los textos y diarios de sesiones de las leyes 25.994 –Plan de Inclusión Previsional-, 26.970 -2da etapa del Plan de Inclusión Previsional- y 27.260 –Pensión Universal para el Adulto Mayor-. En estos textos observaremos cómo se construye discursivamente a la mujer como trabajadora a partir de su rol de ama de casa. En tal sentido, la propuesta metodológica de esta investigación es cualitativa y su abordaje es desde el Análisis Crítico del Discurso –ACD- bajo los lineamientos de Fairclough y Wodak (2000) y Burman y Parker (1993).
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Lee, Gun, e Jae Eun Shin. "Financial Expertise of Corporate Executives and Pension Funding Level". Korean Accounting Information Association 42, n. 2 (30 giugno 2024): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiaair.42.2.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[Purpose] This study examines the impact of executives’ financial expertise on the funding level of defined benefit pension plans. On one hand, if executives with high financial expertise prefer to utilize available cash for more efficient investment options rather than locking it up in pension contributions, a negative relationship is expected. On the other hand, if executives with high financial expertise aim to increase the current funding level to alleviate future cash constraints or are concerned about negative evaluations in the capital market, a positive relationship is expected. The empirical analysis seeks to determine whether executives’ financial expertise lowers or raises the pension funding level. [Methodology] The sample for analysis consists of companies listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ from 2012 to 2022 that have adopted a defined benefit pension plan. Although the pension system was implemented in 2005, the initial period is excluded due to the low adoption rate of pension plans and the low funding ratio of defined benefit assets at the beginning of the system’s implementation. Executives’ financial expertise is measured by executives with keywords in their past careers such as finance, accounting, treasury, or CFO, and the pension funding level is measured by the ratio of pension assets to pension liabilities. [Findings] The empirical analysis shows that the higher the proportion of executives with financial expertise, the lower the pension funding level. This result can be interpreted as companies with executives having high financial expertise maintaining a lower funding level due to the high opportunity cost of investing available cash in pension contributions. Additionally, we find that the negative relationship between executives’ financial expertise and the pension funding level is driven by the subsample with a high funding level. [Implications] The results of this study provide evidence that for the pension system to act as a means of securing workers’ retirement income, an improvement in the return on pension assets is necessary.
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Olugbenga, Ariyo Clement, Ezugwu Christian Ikechukwu, Okparaka Vincent Chukwuka e Agbo Ishmael Umunnakwe. "Contributory Pension Scheme and Workers Investment in Nigeria". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, n. IV (2024): 2230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.804149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study investigated the relationship between contributory pension scheme and workers’ investment in Nigeria from 2007 to 2021. Specifically the study assessed the relationship between private sector contribution and workers’ investment in Nigeria; examined the relationship between public sector contribution and workers’ investment in Nigeria; and examined the relationship between total contribution and workers’ investment in Nigeria and also employed workers investment (WI) as independent variable while Private Sector Contribution (PRSC), Public Sector Contribution (PUSC), and Total Contribution (TC) as dependent variable. The study also employed Engle Granger Causality Test as estimated technique, the result revealed that a causal relationship between contributory pension scheme and workers investment in Nigeria. Evidence from the result revealed that there is a unidirectional relationship from private sector contribution (LNPRSC) to workers investment (LNWI) (6.41808, 0.0217***), also, there is a unidirectional relationship from public sector contribution (LNPUSC) to workers investment (LNWI) (13.5808, 0.0027***). Furthermore, there is a unidirectional relationship from total contribution (LNTC) to workers investment (7.92275, 0.0127***) and concluded that the direction of the flow comes from pension contribution scheme to worker investment. Therefore, recommended that pension regulatory authorities in Nigeria should compel strict compliance with the relevant provisions of the Act in order for the workers investment to experience the expected quantum growth; and the stakeholders should review the contributions to increase the volume of pension benefits to enable retirees take care of their basic needs at retirement.
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Nurmayantri, Indah, e Priyonggo Suseno. "Pengelolaan Dana Pensiun Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam : Indonesia Dan Malaysia". Cakrawala Repositori IMWI 6, n. 3 (3 luglio 2023): 726–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v6i3.400.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengelolaan dana pensiun di dua negara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Dengan menganalisis aturan dasar hukum dan analisis hukum pengelolaan dana pensiun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan kualitatif kepustakaan, dimana data yang diproleh merupakan data skunder yang berasal dari internet, jurnal, buku, maupun literatur lain. Dasar Hukum Dana Pensiun Syariah Dasar hukum yang digunakan dalam pengelolaan dana pensiun di Indonesia adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1992 tentang Dana Pensiun; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 76 Tahun 1992 tentang Dana Pensiun Pemberi Kerja; Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Nomor: 88/DSN-MUI/XI/2013 tentang Pedoman Umum Penyelenggaraan Program Pensiun Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah; dan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Nomor: 99/DSN-MUI/XII/2015 tentang Anuitas Syariah untuk Program Pensiun. Sedangkan di Malaysia dengan Employees Provident Fund Act 1991 Undang-Undang Dana Pensiun 2007 (UU 662) (Kumpulan Wang Persaraan (Diperbadankan) (KWAP)). Iuran yang dibayarkan setiap jabatan dalam suatu negara berbeda. PNS dikenai potongan 8% per bulan. Rinciannya: 4,75% utk program jaminan pensiun, 3,25% untuk program JHT. Iuran 4,75% itu diakumulasikan sebagai Akumulasi Iuran Pensiun (AIP), dan bukan dana pensiun. Iuran 3,25%. Anggota TNI dan Polri dipungut sebesar 4,75%, Tunjangan hari Tua dan Perumahan sebesar 3,25% dan Dana Kesehatan sebesar 2% dari besaran gaji. Di Malaysia EPF telah menetapkan bahwa persentase 11% dibayarkan dari gaji pekerja dan 13% dibayar oleh pemberi kerja. Dan KWAP kontribusi tetap dari pemberi kerja yang berjumlah 5% dari pemerintah federal dan 17,5% dari badan hukum, otoritas dan lembaga local.
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PANG, GAOBO, e MARK WARSHAWSKY. "Reform of the tax on reversions of excess pension assets". Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 8, n. 1 (2 settembre 2008): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747208003703.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis study quantifies the possible consequences to stakeholders of reforms to the excise tax on reversions of excess pension assets. Under the US Pension Protection Act (PPA) of 2006, funding in defined benefit (DB) plans is likely to improve significantly. Many plans may become overfunded over time, owing to the shortfall amortizations mandated by the PPA, as well as to precautionary contributions by sponsors and to plan investment returns. This analysis shows that a more moderate excise tax rate together with a reasonable funding threshold for asset reversions would not only enable sponsors to spend the excess funds on other corporate needs, thereby lowering the cost of sponsorship of DB plans, but also would open a considerable revenue source for the government, with only a small increase in bankruptcy cost for the PBGC. Plan participants could also gain in an alternative reform, which would require a partial transfer of excess assets to them along with a still-lower reversion tax rate. These findings also hold for plan sponsors with various degrees of risk tolerance or only making the PPA-required minimum contributions.
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Cobble, Dorothy Sue. "Economic Justice for All: Some Jersey Roots". New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2, n. 2 (1 luglio 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v2i2.45.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>New Jersey has often stood at the forefront of movements for social and economic justice. This talk analyzes twentieth-century legislative campaigns for wage and hour fairness and foregrounds the leadership of social justice feminists, including New Jersey Congresswoman Mary T. Norton. The laws secured by reformers fell short of their lofty aims of economic justice for all. Nevertheless, the reforms they enacted – fair labor standards and mothers’ pension laws in the majority of states before World War I and the federal Social Security Act and first nationwide Fair Labor Standards Act in the 1930s -- offered considerable benefits to millions of low-income breadwinners and caregivers. The talk concludes by bringing the story into the present and highlighting three vibrant New Jersey campaigns for just wages and fair time policies. In 2008, New Jersey became the third state in the nation to pass paid family leave legislation; in 2013, New Jersey voters overwhelmingly approved a higher state minimum wage; and as of 2016 New Jersey leads the nation in the number of cities and municipalities signing paid sick leave ordinances.</p>
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Lumelsky, Anna. "Second Circuit Permits State Malpractice Suit against HMO". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, n. 4 (2003): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00143.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
On February 11, 2003, the Second Circuit ruled in Cicio v. Vytra Healthcare that patients may in some cases sue health maintenance organizations (HMOs) for medical malpractice under state law. The decision is particularly notable for opening the door to state tort claims in an area that had heen considered preempted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA).ERISA is a federal statute that regulates employee benefit plans, establishing a complex set of rules and minimum standards for most health and pension plans in private industry. ERISA requires that participants receive certain information about their benefits plans, and imposes fiduciary responsibilities on individuals with discretionary control over plan assets. These individuals have certain specific duties, and are required to work “solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries and for the exclusive purpose of: (i) providing benefits to participants and their beneficiaries; and (ii) defraying reasonable expenses of administering the plan.”
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Rode, Sanjay. "Widening fiscal deficit in Maharashtra state: causes and concerns". Public and Municipal Finance 7, n. 2 (28 settembre 2018): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.07(2).2018.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Maharashtra is highly urbanized and economically developed state in India. But now the growth rate is declining, and debt burden has increased in the state. CAGR has been used to examine the impact of FRBM act on fiscal deficit in the state. The RBI data from 1991 to 2016 show that the primary and fiscal deficit is increasing fast. The revenue and capital expenditure are increasing after 2003 FRBM act. The debt burden has increased in the state due to interest payment, pension liabilities, seventh pay commission to state employees, farm loan waiver scheme and infrastructure projects. State government took loans from different sources to finance its capital expenditure. The least square regression result shows that development expenditure in the state has declined very fast. The expenditure on health, education and social welfare of scheduled caste and tribe has declined in the state over the period of time. Government must improve revenue and capital receipts within the short period. Efforts must be made to reduce the debt burden on the state. Therefore, a number of alternative policies are required to improve revenue and capital receipts. State government must increase taxes on electronic and tobacco-related products. Taxes must be increased on commercial vehicles, luxury hotels, entry tax at hill stations, malls and purchase of diamonds and gold, petrol and diesel. Such sources will increase tax revenue to state government and fiscal deficit can be reduced to some extent.
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Ajina, Aymen, Faten Lakhal e Danielle Sougné. "Institutional investors, information asymmetry and stock market liquidity in France". International Journal of Managerial Finance 11, n. 1 (2 febbraio 2015): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmf-08-2013-0086.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of institutional investors’ ownership and type on information asymmetry and stock market liquidity in France. Design/methodology/approach – The sample includes 162 French-listed firms from 2007 to 2009. The methodology relies on linear regressions using the method of ordinary least square. Before examining the interaction between liquidity and institutional investors, the authors check for the existence of the endogeneity problem by applying the Durbin-Wu-Hausman test of Davidson and MacKinnon (1993). The results of the endogeneity test show that institutional investors’ ownership and stock liquidity are endogenous. A simultaneous equation model using the double least square method is then tested to address this problem. Findings – The findings show that the proportion of institutional investors has a positive and significant effect on stock-market liquidity, which confirms the signal theory and trading hypothesis. These investors perform high trading activity which favorably affects market liquidity. The results also show that pension funds improve stock liquidity. This result suggests that pension funds manage huge assets decreasing transaction costs and improving liquidity. They display a positive signal to the market about more transparency and a low level of informational asymmetry. Practical implications – These results highlight the institutional investors’ role in defining the level of liquidity on the French market. The findings also stress the relevance of developing institutional investors’ demand for the Paris market in order to better assess firm value, protect minority ownership and improve market liquidity. Originality/value – In the French institutional setting, institutional investors act as a control device since minority shareholder interests are less protected than in Anglo-American counterparts. This result highlights the significant role of institutional investors in corporate governance structures and on financial markets. Their presence is a guarantee for minority interest protection and for more liquid stocks.
50
Wojciechowicz, Joanna. "Tryb postępowania przed organem rentowym w sprawach świadczeń z tytułu wypadku przy pracy". Studia Prawa Publicznego, n. 4(28) (15 dicembre 2019): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2019.4.28.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article discusses the practical aspects of recognizing an occurrence as a work-related injury. The Act of 30 October 2002 on Social Insurance against Work-related Injuries and Occupational Diseases (consolidated text of 2018, item 1376) contains only a general definition of a ‘work-related injury.’ Moreover, it does not specify the meaning of the terms which are used in it, particularly of terms such as a ‘sudden occurrence’ or an ‘external cause.’ Many problems stem from a lack of criteria which should be used while deciding whether a ‘considerable contribution to the injury’ due to being under the influence of alcohol or drugs as defined in Article 21 of the Act has occurred. Therefore, during a preliminary investigation, a disability pension authority must determine whether the occurrence in question is a work-related injury. To that end it investigates whether the insured person has contributed to this occurrence to a considerable degree because if he has, such a conduct excludes the right to a work injury benefit. Accordingly, employees of the Social Insurance Company examine the accident scene and collect information in the workplace, from the prosecutor’s office, the police, or the healthcare centre, or by interviewing witnesses. Having documented the factual circumstances and explained all the existing doubts they are then able to define the terms and draw correct conclusions which result in a decision to award a benefit or to refuse it. Owing to the fact that the regulations concerning issues of recognizing an occurrence as a work-related injury and rights to a benefit are general clauses, it is necessary to be familiar with the current case-law. Without following the trends in the case-law of the Supreme Court one is not able to interpret facts and occurrences properly and hence the assessment of whether the insured is entitled to a work injury benefit is not possible.