Tesi sul tema "Pensée moderne"
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Soonekindt, Eric. "La substitution comme catégorie de pensée moderne". Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131016.
Meffre, Liliane. "Carl Einstein (1885-1940) : itinéraires d'une pensée moderne". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040158.
Carl Einstein was a model cultural mediator between France, the country of his choice, and Germany, the country of his birth. He was a poet, writer, essayist, theorist of art and an intellectual who took part in the struggles of his time, who both heralded and interpreted the avant-gardes of the beginning of the 20th century and acted as a pioneer in different fields of action. This work intends to reconstruct the manifold routes followed by Carl Einstein’s thought in order to explore and enrich numerous scopes of the human knowledge. In Bébuquin or The dilettantes of wonder published in 1912 but written in 1906-1909, Einstein lay the path for a more modern form of writing which influenced such of his contemporaries as G. Benn, R. Hausmann and the Dadaists as well as later generations of writers. As the discoverer of African art which he was the first to analyze and value in Negrosculpture (1915) he removed the barriers then existing between history of art and ethnology. In his fundamental work art in the 20th century (1926, 1928, 1931), he drew of the living art of his time an early as well as final sum which was to reveal him as one of the greatest theorists of modern art and therefore making him part of the Germanic tradition of "kunstwissenschaft". He vehemently criticized the Weimar republic on the social and cultural plans in his contributions to reviews as well as in his play Bad tidings. His political action within the Spartacus league (1919) and on the side of CNT-FAI during the Spanish civil war (1936-39), witnesses to his unflagging intellectual commitment to the quest for an adequation between ideas and reality, for him between existence and art, an art which meant to transform man and the world
Durand, Marie-Anne. "Le participe "passé" en allemand moderne : un schème de pensée". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100023.
This research considers the "past" participle as a vector of meaning and tests its sensibility to preceding and following context. The author analyses authentic texts from semantic, morph syntactic, stylistic and psycholinguistic points of view and shows the profound perspectives of this scheme of thought. As the pattern of a dynamic system, the participle has the authority of a constant in singular and universal being. Its views are multidimensional min space and time, looking both backwards and forwards, giving an account of the continuity of accomplished facts. The eloquence and the richness of its timbre are due to the pregnancy of a form which designates the participle as a point of reference. Sensitive to mobile connections, the participle is the pivot of modulation. The stability of the pattern invites variation. Its compelling image calls forth its realization. The accomplishment of a thought-trajectory and of an implicit design, the passing from the virtual to the actual, a norm of perfection, -the "past" participle is the unconscious reflex memory of language, as well as the guiding principle of our mental representations
Dilmi, Messaoud. "Etat et politique dans la pensée islamique moderne (19ème et 20ème siècles)". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030029.
Our research deals with the subject of the State in 19th and 20th century Islamic modern reformist thought in accordance with a multidisciplinary approach. Islamic reformism has fought against despotism, ignorance of the populace and European interference. It was open to constitutionalism which is not different from the Shura system and goals of the Shariia. The thinking of Muslim theorists took shape within this framework, at least for a while before Islamists decided to break with it. Later, Islamists relations with both Arabic nationalism and liberal thinking, indeed with the Nation-State as a whole, became conflictual.Thus, two points of view concerning the nature of the State, the limits of power, legitimacy, and essentially the very controversial relationship between the Nation State and religion confronted each other. This relationship remained ambiguous for a century. The product has been a Nation State that is neither religious nor secular, but which has modernized the law by borrowing from the Western judicial system, without, however, applying real democracy able to respect human rights and citizenship. A de facto, secularism does exist on an individual and social level in Arab-Muslim countries without influencing the dogma, despite attempts at modernization. But from the 1990s on, a neo-reformist current of thought has emerged, which accepts democracy and sovereignty of the people. This will constitute a big turning point in Arab-Muslim political thought
Bourdat-Sainsevin, Louis-Georges. "Dieu, le monde, l'Etat et l'homme dans la pensée juive post-moderne". Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30027.
Setta, El-Houari. "Mohammed Hassan Ouazzani (1910-1978) : l'homme politique, sa pensée et son action. Contribution à létude de la pensée politique marocaine moderne". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32044.
Timmermans, Benoît. "Les origines romantiques de la pensée abstraite: histoire et enjeux de l'algèbre moderne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210698.
Le, Mauff Julien. "Une généalogie de la raison d'État : les racines médiévales de la pensée politique moderne". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040082.
This survey attempts to draw a new understanding of reason of State, as a key concept in modern politics and in 17th century State-centered thought. It is therefore studied backwards, in order to better describe its origins, and to understand what conditions enabled its formulation. The genealogic method is chosen as a way to conciliate the French school of the Annales and the anglo-american tradition of history of ideas, and to handle political ideas as historical artefacts. Every text and author is therefore apprehended as a part of a chain of influences and relationships, while intellectual singularities are preserved. Among the main concepts that participate in defining reason of State, necessity, public utility and legal exception evolve deeply from the 12th century, as a result of the rediscovery of ancient authors by John of Salisbury and still more by Thomas Aquinas, of recent developments in canon and roman law, and of new fiscal policies during the 13th and 14th centuries. The improvements of royal ideology, the new necessity specifically applied to political action in William of Ockham’s thought, and the rise of the concept of a sovereign State under the primary influence of Marsilius of Padua, also participate in this preparation, now centered on Italian city-states. The account ends with a view on three different definitions of reason of State, that correspond first to Machiavelli and Guicciardini, then to Botero, and finally to the legal thought of Ammirato and Canonhiero. This outcome paves the way to the triumph of Statism, and to the new developments of political theory during the Enlightenment
Liao, Lin-Ni. "Héritages culturels et pensée moderne. Les compositeurs taiwanais de musique contemporaine formés à l’étranger". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040148.
Within a little less than a century, contemporary music has acquired a real presence in Taiwan, and while this may be admittedly modest, it is undeniably well established in view of the country's turbulent history. Since the end of the 19th century, Taiwan was created within a context of successive cultural and political upheavals - from the creation of the term “Taiwanese” by Japanese colonial powers, to a forced return to “Pan-Chinese culture” at the time of the Kuomintang (KMT) dictatorship, then on to a Sino-Taiwanese culture, and eventually leading to the notion of “Taiwanitude” - resulting in a strong sense of self-examination by its inhabitants, Through the course of time and events, a shift has occurred for Taiwanese composers of contemporary music, in which an imagined identity becomes a political identity, and a cultural identity becomes an artistic identity. Contemporary music has been engrained within the heart of the historical complexity of Taiwan, yet not without some obstacles for composers.Far from moving towards a diluted international style, Taiwanese contemporary music, which has blossomed in symbiosis with civil society, takes on the most notable traits of its society, made up of a certain dynamism and the absence of a priori. Without forgetting their diverse roots, Taiwanese contemporary music composers have assimilated Western technique and savoir-faire in order to render their own form of innovative genius which truly expresses Taiwanese originality, while showing great promise for works of future generations
Béthery, de La Brosse Arnould. "Entre amour et droit : le lien conjugal dans la pensée juridique moderne (XVIe-XXIe siècles)". Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT3010.
Marital union is the perfect expression of a human bond and love. It is historically at the heart of Law known as being the science of human relations. It is a perfect example of the world’s order symbolised through the union of man with God. The science of Law, seen as a science of bonds, allows to integrate this transcendent dimension and also to establish a logical link as regard friendship. Modern judiciary thought comes to break this harmony. From the Renaissance, Law is no longer seen as a fair exchange but seen as an individual right. Marriage becomes quickly secularized and progressively a matter of human intervention. The “Code Civil” sees marriage as a consequence of the legislator’s rule. Nowadays, taking from the State rule over family matters, marriage is only a consequence of subjective passion. Hence the history of marital bond from the Renaissance is only that of a notion losing its substance: one can only with difficulty think of a union based on the individual
Rosset, Claire. "Imaginaire du passé et pensée du monde moderne : processus de médiatisation chez Albert Laprade, architecte". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH017/document.
In the early XXth century, the architectural debate in France seems underpinned by the opposition between the proponents of a tradition, as historical or regional transmission, and those of modernity, as a claim of tabula rasa. But if modernity “comes as a cut between past and future […]”, it also ensures the junction that allows the past to enrich itself and the future to remember” (Gasselin, 2007). Thus, tradition can be observed through its relations with tradition, as the interest in traditional or vernacular cultures amplifies simultaneously with the emergence of architectural modernity. The PHD examines the manufacturing processes that allow the architect to build an idea of architectural modernity that claims of tradition.Reconstruction issues after the World Wars radicalized the debate, giving the press and international exhibitions a strategic role of dissemination of ideas, the architects being the main players. Considering architecture in all its production aspects (built, represented, written and published), we hypothesize that it can be analysed as a medium (that is to say, a carrier of a message) and as a media (that is to say, a communication vector). Furthermore, we assume that in the process of publishing, the architect simultaneously produces an imaginary past and a thinking of the modern world.We identify three movements in the manufacturing process of the thought of modernity. First, we will look at the transition from built architecture to represented architecture by querying the architects ability to build historical and / or geographic affiliations, especially from the observation of the existing. Secondly, we analyse the relationship between built architecture and published architecture, considering, as Beatriz Colomina, that the print media enables a “new context of production, existing in parallel to the construction site” (Colomina, 1988). Finally, studying the transition of published architecture to narrated architecture, we will question the role of publication spaces in the architecture storytelling process.To conduct this study, we rely on the production of the architect Albert Laprade (1883-1978). Player on the modern architectural scene, he participated in the recognition of traditional architecture. The diversity of its production allows us to establish a corpus, built, designed and written, that develops from the published form of his work:articles about his builts (published by other architects)articles written by Albert Laprade (trade press or not)books published by the architect as his Albums de croquis
Detournay, Stéphane. "Rolande Falcinelli : une esthétique de la synthèse : les enjeux d'une pensée humaniste à l'ère post-moderne". Lille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL30012.
Martinez, Jean-Philippe. "Vladimir Fock (1898-1974) : itinéraire externaliste d'une pensée internaliste. Antiréductionnisme et réalisme scientifique en physique moderne". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC077/document.
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock is a physicist well-known by the scientific community for his important contributions to the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity. He is also a major actor in the debate on the interpretation of these two major theories of the XXth century, following an approach that clearly claims dialectical materialism ñ an ideology then largely imposed by the Soviet authorities in the USSR - as fundamental. Our work mostly focuses on this aspect of Fock's career, explored too partially in the history of science. More specifically, we reconsider the scientific and philosophical roots of the non-orthodox interpretations of quantum mechanics and general relativity developed by Fock. By reconstructing his epistemological approach we put forward that the physicist was guided by an antireductionist and a scientific realist conception of his discipline. This basis gives us the possibility to discuss the reasons why dialectical materialism was a real influence on the scientist thought. Thus, by following the observation of the sincere adoption by Fock of the Soviet ideology, we put back the question of the interpretation of the theories of modern physics in its socio-cultural context. We observe Fock's trajectory as a defender of quantum mechanics and relativity theory against the different ideological and political attacks they may undergo in Soviet Union. We also study the influence of context on the actual wording of their interpretations and finally we develop the issues related to their diffusion in the local and worldwide community of physicists. To summarize, this thesis helps to reconsider the interest of Fock's thought in the history of modern physics
Ndjoli, Ebunda. "Contribution de Gabriel Marcel à une critique de la rationalité technique, démocratique et moderne". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040262.
Two logics seem to be ruling our present modern world ; on the one hand, a logic of owning caracterized by the concern for oneself, the spirit of competition and struggle, individualism and the contempt for others ; on the other hand, the logic of being - or coesse - defined by the concern for others, brotherhood and charity. Those two logics will lead to two diametrically opposed views on the present world and the politics: the objective or problematical view of the politics and the ontological or metaproblematical one. According to the objective or problematical view of the world or the politics, the world and the entire mankind is "non-moi". The relationships that such a view introduces into the society are those of strength, exploitation, competition and war. According to the logic of being, the world as well as the entire manking is still me. The other man, far from being a threat or a kind of hell, is firstly "my brother", "my fellow", "bont'onkaka", that is to say the man of others (sacred host), the man i am responsible for. Contrary to the logic of owning oriented toward possession, appropriation and war, the logic of being is oriented toward peace. It is that very logic that reminds me that my substance is made of others, and that i can possibly be myself only by going out of myself, that is to say getting myself free from the prison of my being, toward something else than myself
Thibault, Jean-François. "Le "lieu commun" de la pensée politique moderne: Entre mais dans la théorie politique et la théorie internationale". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29322.
Castillo, Monique. "Histoire et droit dans la pensée de Kant". Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN1028.
Mbele, Charles-Romain. "Mythologie et processus théogonique : examen de la question monothéiste dans la pensée africaine moderne au miroir du dernier Schelling". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010704.
Jecker, Mélanie. "La notion de prudence dans la pensée castillane médiévale et moderne (1252-1598) : Du roi Sage au roi Prudent ?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040213.
This PhD thesis deals with the notion of prudence in medieval and modern Castilian thought, from the beginning of the reign of Alfonso X of Castile, known as “the Wise King”, in 1252, until the death of Philip II, called “the Prudent King”, in 1598. The choice of a long period enabled to analyze in all its complexity the process of reception and adaptation of classical doctrines of Prudence by Castilian translators, commentators and political thinkers. The thesis shows how this concept defined in Greek and Latin Antiquity texts nourished their thougt on the dual nature of man (rational and political): Prudence is indeed the intellectual virtue that defines Man as a Political animal ; in Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, this virtue defines more particularly the ruler and the legislator. This study shows how the transmission, faithful or not, of the Aristotelian doctrine of intellectual virtues in general, and of Prudence in particular, was in Castile the place of a confrontation between two royal paradigms: opposite the model of a Wise king (sapiens, sabio) possessing absolute power, which the successive monarchs strove to maintain throughout the period, the high nobility and the Salmantine Masters of Arts proposed the image of a merely prudent ruler. This latest model, defined by Aristotle as being fallible, allowed them to claim their participation in the governance of the Kingdom
Secrétain, Patrick. "Psychogenèse du système de Berkeley : remarques critiques sur l'élaboration inconsciente d'une pensée philosophique". Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE29059.
By embracing methodologic postulates which exempt from falling into the comments and another puerile, routinary and, in fine, not very instructive interpretations that the applied psycho-analysis produced when it devoted itself to critical research, the use of freud's science can be the beginning of a theory of the works's elaboration which allows to establish a precise critical discourse for the localization of multiple means employed by every creator in order to attain his ends. In the case of a philosophical speculation as berkeley's doctrine, the find of an essential phantasm broachs the description of the genesis of this system : account of the total of syntagmatic relations and paradigmatic oppositions opened by the conceptual partition which is congruent with this basic desire, established fact of the extension by spreading of the latter, analysis of the unconsciously executed polymerization when an observation of the real is decisively in the way of the pursuit of elaboration : such things are the necessary stages for the understanding of the part of the desire and of its play with the real into the formation of every thesis destined to meet the obstacle which is a fact or an objection. Up to the present, many points acquired by this standpoint are unknown to all the historians of the philosophy : importance of the monist scheme, unusualness of the berkeley's god built from this pattern, use of an exiguous principle of causality, omission of a third solution to qualify the lack of necessary connection between some ideas, problem of the subordination of the thesis, discovery of the implicit motives which invited to reflect on the abstract ideas,. .
Jouffroy, Olivier. ""El Maquiavelismo degollado" (1636-37) de Claude Clément, édition et étude : l'évolution d'une pensée politique entre mondes ancien et moderne". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCC023/document.
El maquiavelismo degollado sounds as a challenge to all statesmen who could be tempted to follow the pragmatic way shown by Machiavelli rather than by the Roman Catholic Church. Then, Claude Clément was considered as a champion of the radical line in the anti-Machiavellian school of thought; however, the book has never been republished and, therefor, is not very well known. El maquiavelismo degollado is not a unique work knowing that three different books have been published, using two different languages and that the Spanish version really seems to be a re-written text rather than a simple translation. Scattered with reproductions of foreign documents, enriched with many allusions, quotations, some of them hidden away, this work seems to be a miscellany of political theories of its time. Using digital databases, this study attempts first to establish the text of El maquiavelismo degollado respecting its complexity, then to explain the main mechanism of its evolution from one version to the other and finally to determine how other works could have influenced it
Hanse, Olivier. "RYTHME ET CIVILISATION DANS LA PENSÉE ALLEMANDE AUTOUR DE 1900". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204429.
symptôme d'une civilisation malade, qu'il faut à tout prix sauver du déclin. La disparition du rythme, constatée dans un grand nombre de disciplines, semble par ailleurs accuser le triomphe d'une vision matérialiste et « microscopique » du monde, qui rend l'homme aveugle aux miracles du vivant, tandis que dans les écoles et dans les universités s'impose un modèle de formation utilitariste, qui privilégie les savoirs techniques au détriment de l'intuition, de l'esprit de synthèse et de la créativité. Parallèlement à ce diagnostic, le même concept de rythme, que l'on suppose avoir joué, à l'origine, un grand rôle dans la socialisation de l'être humain et dans le développement de la culture, se retrouve au centre de
projets utopiques fondés sur la gymnastique et la danse, qui visent à retransformer un corps social « mécanisé » et
« disloqué » en une communauté saine et fraternelle. Par-delà les conflits de terminologie et de méthode qui opposent les différents représentants du « mouvement du rythme », cette étude tente d'éclairer les motivations individuelles et collectives de ce discours, de faire ressortir les mécanismes psychosociaux qui le traversent, ainsi que les causes de son succès, tout en le replaçant dans le contexte historique, social et culturel qui lui a donné naissance.
Malinowski, Teresa. "La République de Pologne dans les imprimés français (1573-1795) : penser les relations entre gouvernants et gouvernés à l’époque moderne". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100026/document.
The Republic of Poland-Lithuania, with its unique form of government, aroused the interest of fundamental French authors such as Théodore de Bèze, Jean Bodin, Montesquieu, Voltaire or Jean-Jacques Rousseau, but also the attention of less known thinkers like Jean Boucher, Claude de Rubis or Nicolas Baudeau. Poland appeared in French political literature in 1573, when Henri of Valois was elected king of Poland, until 1795, when the Polish-Lithuanian state disappeared from the map of Europe. Despite this continuous presence, it has been insufficiently analyzed in the French historiography. Yet, it represents a fascinating key for reading the French political debates of the modern era. This thesis aims at demonstrating it
Chantrel, Laure. "Genèse de l'économie politique et constitution de l'État moderne : la pensée fiscale en France de la fin du XVIe au début du XVIIIe siècle". Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24013.
This thesis looks at French fiscal thought in the 16th and the 17th centuries (1560-1710) and aims to answer two questions. What is the role of the state in the emergence of a new understanding concerning the growth of material wealth? (that is to say the theory of taxes, a subject a great concern for the state) Secondly, what factors can we deduce from this that are useful in a more general analysis about the beginnings of political economy? Faced with the necessity of financing a growing fiscal state, the civil servants of the 17th century invented the concepts of proportional, universal and fixed taxes. The idea underlying these concepts is that an individual, whoever he is, should contribute to the state budget according to his income. This various fiscal principles blame the different models of the social order, or, on the other hand, use these same models in order to justify a reform of the tax system. Furthermore, they are subject to a certain number of economics restraints, given that the modern state must guarantee the welfare of the citizens as well as assert its place in world affairs. The desire to combine truth, justice and usefulness directs taxe theory in the 17th century : anxious to maintain economic stability, establish equitable taxes and serve the interests of the crown and the people
Sacchi, Landriani Martino. "Naissance du moderne régime de mobilité : politique de l'identification en France (1770-1880)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H021.
In this research, we genealogically trace the emergence of modern rationality in the government of the mobility of labor in France and its colonies in the XIX century. Governing mobility does not imply a purely coercive power, but rather a certain degree of freedom, necessary to channel and orient the circulation of individuals. More precisely, this PhD thesis analyses the history of the livret ouvrier as administrative markers of the tensions characterizing the configuration, the crisis, and the reformulation of classic civil contract in France. This technology of identification also allows us to trace the global genesis of the historical notions of free labor, slavery, and domesticity, following their evolution through the politics of mobility after the abolition of slavery. The last chapters survey the birth of the welfare state and of new forms of identification, such as anthropometry and fingerprinting, as historical reconfigurations of the underlying question of our investigation: how to control labor power without introducing an illegitimate coercion on the bodies carrying it? The genealogy of mobility regime shows the paradoxical necessity of liberalism to periodically reformulate a universal project (the generalization of the juridical person) in order to organize internal hierarchies (by multiplying the statutes through which the effective access to freedom is filtered). Through the lens of this co-implication we can rethink the relationship between sovereignty, State and world market
Rabier, Delphine. "La pensée dévotionnelle et mystique dans la peinture des anciens Pays-Bas : XVè siècle - première moitié du XVIè siècle". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2018.
This study intends to investigate and clarify the links between the Early Netherlandish pictorial tradition (15th and 16th centuries) and mystical literature as exemplified by Ruysbroeck the Admirable and the authors associated with the Modern Devotion (devotio moderna). Focusing on a corpus of works by Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, Petrus Christus, Hans Memling, Hugo van der Goes, the Master of the View of St Gudule, the Master of 1499, the Master of Alkmaar, Hieronymus Bosch, Gerard David and Jan Mostaert, this analysis brings to light that painting and writing enrich each other’s meaning. In the first part, we shall observe the ways in which the painters captured the dynamic progression of the various types of vision (active, internal and contemplative) as well as the ways in which they addressed the phenomenon of disimagination. The second part of this study will highlight the fact that the image supports the spiritual and meditative practices of the faithful through various processes and techniques (mnemonic, participative etc.). The third part of the analysis will focus on the visual treatment of a key idea defined by Ruysbroeck the Admirable, and adapted by the authors of the Modern Devotion: dat ghemeine leven (the common life)
Monette, Audrey. "La peine carcérale discontinue à l’épreuve de la rationalité pénale moderne : une analyse des motifs juridiques évoqués dans le processus de détermination de la peine". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39076.
Sarmis, Dilek. "La pensée de Bergson dans la genèse de la Turquie moderne : un prisme des transitions lexicales, institutionnelles et politiques de la fin de I'Empire ottoman à la Turquie républicaine". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0077.
Since the 1910s, the reception of the French philosopher Henri Bergson among the mostly Francophone literary elite of the Ottoman Empire established his thought as a tool of the spiritualist reaction to the dominant positivist and materialist paradigm. While one of the first Ottoman readings of his work associated Bergsonian intuitionism with Sufi spiritualism, epistemological and disciplinary dynamics of the late imperial period created the conditions for its evolvement into a new psycho-philosophy. The War of Independence led by the future Ataturk in response to the collapse of the Empire during the First World War found expression in the review Dergah (1921-1923), which erected Bergsonism to the rank of a salvational philosophy. Alternative and spiritualist rationality, mobilization by the elan vital, and intuitionisn as a means of access to knowledge: the registers mobilized by Bergsonians constituted a psycho-philosophical epistemology seductive in times of crisis, which found its institutional counterpart in the Ottoman Darulfunun and during Republican times Istanbul University. After 1923, translations of Bergson accompanied a transposition of his philosophemes into the socio political field: nourishing a spiritualist yet secularized interpretation of the religious, they contributed to an alternative expression, described as conservative, of Kemalist republicanism and the political notion of time. This work questions, by means of the historicization of Bergsonian concepts, the modes in which the philosophical is envisaged as a discourse order that is actualized through epistemological, linguistic, institutional, religious or political shapings
Salles, Marina. "Le Clézio "peintre de la vie moderne" : la représentation du monde contemporain, du "Procès-Verbal" à "Révolutions"". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT5014.
Gillard, Bernard. "Eléments pour l'histoire d'une société de pensée : Franc-Maçonnerie française et monde moderne : "la Franc-Maçonnerie du Grand Orient de France, laboratoire pédagogique des valeurs républicaines de 1871 à 1906"". Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20057.
Masonic references confronted to history are scare. At the end of 19th century, the "Grand Orient de France" entered the political arena. Acting as a laboratory of ideas, it appealed to citizens to get the Republic back to its origins. Thanks to the involvement of its membership it managed to assert itself against antagonists allowing the French Republic to become "laic", i. E. Not related to any religious belief. It was practicing pedagogy towards the French people and benefited from the support of two bodies: the "League of teaching" and the "League of Human rights". Proposing solutions even before the laws were passed, it was playing a decisive role in political debates. It focused on defence, education, church, social choices and on separation of church and state. Referring to documents and unpublished reports of Toulousian lodges, congress and convents, allowed a Masonic maieutic study including Freemasons themselves and their fellow countrymen
Ranjbar, Reza. "La perception de la philosophie occidentale moderne dans les écrits des penseurs iraniens de l’époque qâjâr". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA152.
Historically, the Iranians have encountered Western philosophy in two distinct streams. One happened at the beginning of the Islamic period when the Iranians got to know the Greek thought and, more generally, the Greek sciences. This made them play a considerable role in the philosophical movement of the Islamic realm. The second stream happened after the Iranians encountered the modern West and its cultural, social and political consequences. At that point, some of them were fascinated by European military power, social discipline and technological innovations. Comparing their own society with all its problems to the new Western world and its developments, they tried to know what was making such a huge difference. At this time, while traditional Iranian philosophers were busy transmitting what they had been taught, some translators and authors got into new philosophical ideas, or even the entire modern philosophy. But their perceptions of philosophy were not identical. Besides those who addressed philosophy as it really is, two other groups can be distinguished: Those who had been raised in a traditional environment, understood and more importantly reflected philosophy as a sustainable and motionless truth, in correlation with despotic power and religious norms. The other group, influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, understood it as a political and social commitment. Authors of the critical works who were forming the second group, considered philosophy as the foundation of the modern civilization and development in Europe. Thus, they expected philosophy to have a similar effect on the Iranian society: a completely new attitude! For them, the idea of progress, which came through the influence of the Enlightenment and was followed by 19th century positivism, not only became “Progress” and the ultimate goal of philosophy, but also the goal of any intellectual activity
Christias, Panagiotis. "Poésie et société : genèse et réception sociales du discours poétique néo-hellénique : le cas de la "génération de 1930" : Cavafy, Ritsos, Séféris, Elytis". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H010.
Between the sage and the politic, a third actor seeks his way out into the modern scene, the poet. Ever since the romantic answer to the first moment of modern thought to the epistemological and social theory of Weber and Simmel, the poet takes a place which gets more and more important although it isn't visible as such. By studying the poetical discourse of the generation of 1930 in Greece through the interaction of intellectual, social and political forces in modern Greece, we offer a perspective view of the political and social engagement of the poet and also of his elaboration of a poetic science of social reality which doesn't differ essentially from Simmel's science of the forms of socialization. This works proposes to reconsider the poetical work and hold it for what it really is, the third pillar, the hidden one, of modern thought
Khalil, Hassan. "La problématique de la démocratie dans la pensée moderne et contemporaine : étude analytique sur la démocratie et son influence sur : les territoires, les souverainetés et le droit international à l'épreuve de la mondialisation". Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083016.
Our work is going to lean on the problem of democracy in modern and contemporary thought, as the concept moving between values, irrationalism, and political practices to realize an analytical study on the current democracy, and its influence on territories, sovereignties and international law in the test(event) of globalization. By pursuing this problem, we will elaborate an analytical reading of the philosophical and political phenomena recently appeared in modern contemporary thought, in which democracy developed, and present a logic of research and discussion which would allow us to understand (include) and analyze some philosophical tendencies in recent, modern political practices. First, we will present the evolution of these concepts in modern and contemporary philosophy, by clarifying their tendencies and orientations. Then, we will analyze the concept of democracy and its influence on national sovereignty, confronted with globalization, and present and discuss some concepts and phenomena of political practices which reflect a problematic situation on the current democracy. This reflection shall pass a detailed discussion of philosophical works, demonstrating that a problematic concept of democracy can influence all the political and cultural practices of a time-period, which was already problematic by sets of philosophical and political tendencies considered to be the causes of this problem in the test (event) of globalization. Our research is a study of the existing democracy, and its influence on globalization and the political regulation: analysis compared by the speeches of international organizations and national players, and the political practices, philosophical and cultural concepts, as evidenced in the wars of civilization. Examples which proved a problematic democracy are these two events: The Middle-East War and the war in Lebanon
Omarjee, Ismaël. "Aspects de la relation entre science de l'univers et spiritualité dans l'histoire de la pensée : Isaac Newton et Georges Lemaître. La quête de la vérité". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991210.
Fedele, Dante. "Naissance de la diplomatie moderne. L'ambassadeur au croisement du droit, de l'éthique et de la politique". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0968.
Using a collection of texts commonly known as the “treatises on the ambassador”, this research examines the birth and the development of the experience of diplomacy from the 13th to the 17th Century. It aims, in particular, to explore the development of the figure of the ambassador within a field of problematization involving ethics, politics and law.After some methodological and historical remarks, the thesis deals with the development of the status of the ambassador from two perspectives, the legal and the professional. Regarding his legal status, the medieval legal conceptualisation of the role of the ambassador as a genuine public “office”, and that of the diplomatic function as “representation”, are examined. The way in which these conceptualisations help to define the negotiating powers conferred on the ambassador, his immunities and the honours to which he is entitled is then considered. This analysis allows for an investigation of the complex links between the exercise of diplomacy and claims to sovereignty during Europe’s transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity. Regarding his professional status, the thesis reconstructs the functions of the ambassador (particularly in relation to information gathering and negotiation), the means provided for the ambassador to undertake his functions (his salary and the assignment of an escort) and the objective, intellectual or moral qualities required of him. As well as illustrating the techniques which have been required for ambassadorial success since the 15th Century, this analysis offers some hints for studying the professionalization of public officials and the emergence of the modern criteria of political analysis
Geninet, Hortense. "La politique chez Henry Sidgwick". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIML007/document.
The thesis is about Henry Sidgwick's concept of modern politics based on a philosophical and historical study of politics by the philosopher himself, and the written work he made about politics and the organisation of a modern government
Joannon, Felipe. "Pintar frente al motivo : el mito del artista en la obra literaria de Adolfo Couve". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080088.
This PhD dissertation studies the idea of art and the artist in the literary work of the Chilean painter and writer Adolfo Couve (1940-1998). It approaches his fiction and non-fiction from a unique perspective marked by what we will define as his “myth of the artist”. Anchored in certain concepts and theories of contemporary myth studies, the dissertation identifies five moments or phases that define the artist in Couve’s work. These moments, which are especially visible in some passages of the works that narrate the life of an artist (La lección de pintura, 1979; La comedia del arte, 1995; Cuando pienso en mi falta de cabeza, 2000), are the following: “vocation”, “apprenticeship”, “crisis”, “proposition” and “liberation”. Using the description of these milestones in the itinerary of Couve’s artists as a starting point, the dissertation explores the main aesthetic questions raised by the author’s oeuvre, which will be compared with the expression of his artistic thought in his interviews and writings on art. The main thesis is that the idea of art contained in the literary work of Adolfo Couve is built in (and at the same time is a symbol of) the crossroads –faced by Western modern thought since the early twentieth century– between the crisis of the paradigm of reason and the attempt to rehabilitate certain values associated with mythical thought
Este trabajo estudia la idea de arte y de artista en la obra literaria del pintor y escritor chileno Adolfo Couve (1940-1998). En particular, propone abordar sus textos de ficción y de no ficción desde una única perspectiva marcada por lo que definiremos como su mito de artista. En base a determinados conceptos y teorías propias de los estudios contemporáneos sobre los mitos, se identifican cinco momentos o fases que definen al artista en la obra de Couve. Estos momentos, especialmente visibles en algunos pasajes de las obras que narran la vida de un artista (La lección de pintura, 1979; La comedia del arte, 1995; Cuando pienso en mi falta de cabeza, 2000) son: “vocación”, “aprendizaje”, “crisis”, “apuesta” y “liberación”. A partir de la descripción de estos hitos en el itinerario del artista couveano, analizaremos las principales preocupaciones estéticas que plantea la literatura del autor, las que cotejaremos con la expresión de su pensamiento artístico que consta en sus entrevistas y escritos sobre arte. Como hipótesis general, se postula que la idea de arte contenida en la obra literaria de Adolfo Couve se construye en (y es al mismo tiempo símbolo de) la encrucijada que enfrenta el pensamiento moderno occidental desde inicios del siglo XX, entre la crisis del paradigma de la razón y el intento por rehabilitar determinados valores asociados al pensamiento mítico
Loiseau, Jean-Patrick. "François Bordes (1919-1981) et la construction de la Préhistoire dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0320/document.
F. Bordes brand of its print the construction of Prehistory in second half of the 20 th century. An analysis set of themes of its work in three parts makes it possible to clarify its principal aspects. A first part, entitled “a normative approach” is devoted to the approach of F. Bordes which is characterized by a methodological renewal. A second part, entitled ”lithic industries like wire of Ariane”, is devoted to interpretations of F. Border concerning the evolution of the prehistoric cultures and with its research to reconstitute the material daily life during the Paleolithic. A third part, “the construction of a school of thought”, analyses the particular place of F. Border within the community of the prehistorians. F. Bordes is also Francis Carsac, a science fiction writer, whose stories study makes it possible to provide supplementary illumination on its concerns. In conclusion of this thesis, a look is carried what it remains of his scientific contribution
Maino, Ansaldo Sandro. "Pensar la distancia, pensar a distancia : Juan Borchers, viaje y obra (1947-1950)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/262553.
En la tesis se exponen los efectos producidos por la distancia de separación con las fuentes de la cultura occidental -Europa y el Mediterráneoen el aprendizaje del arquitecto chileno moderno, y el acercamiento a ellas a través de los viajes, puntualizado y profundizado en el caso singular de Juan Borchers (1910-1975), quien aparece como un pensador único en el medio arquitectónico local, adhiriéndose a los planteamientos de la arquitectura moderna y desarrollando paralelamente un trabajo sistemático que retoma los temas de la arquitectura clásica. En general el viaje del arquitecto chileno moderno a Europa es una familiarización con las tendencias de vanguardia, las cuales son transferidas a Chile con diferentes grados de profundidad y fertilidad. La visión de que la arquitectura chilena moderna es un reflejo a destiempo de los centros creadores ha limitado las posibles lecturas e interpretaciones de nuestra propia producción arquitectónica y teórica. El caso investigado elude la importación acrítica de la modernidad para dar paso a una apropiación concienzuda de líneas de pensamiento tanto contemporáneas a Borchers como del pasado. Se investigaron tres temas, los cuales forman parte de la columna vertebral del ideario de Borchers. El primer tema profundiza la manera en que Borchers plantea la relación entre sujeto y objeto arquitectónico bajo el prisma de la representación. El segundo tema trata de la relación entre arquitectura gótica y naturaleza tomando dos variables: las proporciones y la diferenciación entre la modulación geométrica y la modulación plástica y los estudios morfológicos, guiados por las lecturas que Borchers realiza de Goethe y Spengler. El tercer tema explora en el viaje a Egipto los orígenes de la serie cúbica en cuanto a su aspecto perceptual, un punto de vista que es clave en la concepción de arquitectura de Borchers en la que se funden la escala humana y la escala del objeto en una escala intermediaria.
Andrieu, Elodie. "Le choix du régime politique dans les temps modernes : Machiavel et sa postérité (XVIE-XVIIIE siècles)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32094.
The recent revolutions of the « Arab Spring » attest of the vivacity of the democratic ideal. Yet, this regime is characterised by a philosophical questioning on law and on institutions. In fact, it fits better than any other regime the essence of mankind. So despite the success of quantitative methods and the now undisputed autonomy of political sciences, modern times inherited a metaphysical point of view rather than a scientific way to address political questioning. However, the thesis explores the history of the first “science of institutions” that was born and developed in Modernity. Unknown current in the history of institutions, its proponents are paradoxically emblematic figures of modern political thinking, such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Montesquieu or even Hume. The thesis unveils their ambitious project: to propose institutions adapted to the variety of the customs, behaviours, histories of the societies they study. The choice of the political regime should be respectful of human nature and at the same time adapted to the variety of the existing people. Therefore, the universal and the specific merge in order to serve the first real science of the modern era. The thesis research progresses through Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries. At the end of its journey: a surprising encounter: the meeting of philosophers fascinated by the discoveries of these first political scientists. This encounter bore a new type of political regime, different from its Athenian counterpart: modern Democracy
Ulloa, Auvelez Israel. "Heidegger: el pensar calculante por sobre el pensar meditativo". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148093.
Tauty, Anne-Charlotte. "Penser le mal moral, une généalogie de la volonté moderne". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3046/document.
Evil provokes scandal by nature because it is what it should not be unlike good which is what it has to be. This tautological assertion expresses our feelings toward evil. It was first perfectly obvious : how must we face human pain ? Evil is a part of thinking’s history : our study starts with Platonism. Before his work, evil is just a fact of life you have to live with. The gods of Antiquity are like men : good or bad. The God of Plato is the one, omniscient, all-powerful and kindly. God is just intelligence, calculation and reason : the world he created is beautiful, ordered and perfect and it is no longer the place for the vices of ancient gods. Evils turns into a metaphysical issue : how can be the world perfect despite evil ? We have now to explain, to justify violence and crimes. Theodicy can justify pain and illness. It does not work with wickedness. Platonism, Neo-Platonism and Stoicism tried to answer this question. Following them, a conceptual break happens : Christendom invented sin. When evil became sin, man became liable and guilty. It is now a matter of liberty : man wants evil. After them, some philosophers will keep to work on the subject of the bad will. Our purpose is to find the story of these concepts and to connect thoughts between themselves. Evil has been made by this story and brings many anthropological consequences : man understands himself through evil. Wickedness is not just a matter to solve, wickedness becomes a way to define mankind. We want to show that wickedness issue is the foundations of morality and how it makes us see and think human will. Several stages occurred in this philosophical evolution. Every ethic deals with evil, not all put it at the heart of their system. Our first stage is Antiquity. Plato brings the ideas of God and perfect world in philosophy but faces the riddle of our crimes. His theodicy adopted by Plotinus and Stoics will always refuse pervert instinct in man. A man who want evil is nonsense. Christian sin appearance changes everything. Augustine will be his strongest defender. By living a double spiritual conversion, he understands wickedness as weakness due to original sin. Man want evil because he is no longer able to will something else. Anselmus follows the dogma of the fall but puts logical and semantic dimension in it and presents a self-interested wickedness. Man wants evil not for itself, man does not want enough good. Our last stage is Kant. Radical will is the first concept which allows to conceive a normal bad will which would evil just because it is one of his options and it has the liberty to do so. We can see the difference between our starting point and our arrival. We see now how the concept of will has grew up and changed. Little by little, will comes from darkness to light. The more will faces obstacles, the more it is obvious. Thinking on evil is the archaeology of the will
Kim, Hong-Jeung. "La spéléologie de la modernité : une recherche topique de la pensée et de l'imagination modernes". Paris École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0070.
Cabezas, Carlos. "Prescrizione del reato; tra antica eredità e moderne sfide politico-criminali". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1176/1/TESIS_DOTTORATO_CARLOS_CABEZAS.pdf.
Van, Staen Christophe. "J.-J. Rousseau: l'unité organique d'un système de pensée en question". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211342.
Gendron, Pierre 1948. "La modernité religieuse dans la pensée sociologique : Ernst Troeltsch et Max Weber". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36936.
Along with modern historical science and scientific rationality in general, the social question challenged religion in the nineteenth century; this study brings out the originality of Troeltsch's vision of a modernity compatible with belief in the future of religion.
Motivated by the debate on the social question, Troeltsch's concern was the social foundations of the Christian doctrine in its relation to secular domains of activity, and this calls for a new outlook on the issue of the relation between religion and culture.
Eventually, the comparative approach of the sociological thought of Weber and Troeltsch pursued in the present work, while providing new insight into Weber's views on religion, brings about a better understanding of Troeltsch as a theologian and a philosopher of religion.
Cabezas, Carlos. "Prescrizione del reato; tra antica eredità e moderne sfide politico-criminali". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368966.
de, Coorebyter Vincent. "Etude sur les fondements de la pensée de Sartre (1924-1934)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212040.
Villarroel, Rivera Camila. "La palabra en el pensar político de Jacques Rancière". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113106.
El siguiente trabajo tiene el carácter de una sistematización y de un análisis de los contenidos de las obras escritas por el filósofo francés Jacques Rancière entre los años 1980 y 1990. Su objetivo general es abordar el concepto de «palabra» e inquirir sobre su relevancia para la práctica política como la entiende él. Esto se pretende llevar a cabo teniendo como guía la hipótesis central de que aquélla es una noción clave que no sólo define al hombre como tal, sino que dependiendo de la manera en la que sea pronunciada, ésta permite concebirlo como sujeto político, al mismo tiempo que hace de base para la postulación de la igualdad y de la posibilidad de efectuar cambios en la realidad.
Calixte, Fritz. "L'équivoque de la détermination : penser la subjectivité entre Anciens et Modernes". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010692.
BIDART, FRANCOIS. "Le role de la pensee newtonienne dans la constitution de la philosophie kantienne". Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIE0003.
The subject matter of this study is not to draw up a report of the similarities between two ways of thinking or to define the variable degree of the accuracy of the critical philosophy towards the author of the mathematical principles of natural philosophy. The kantian reading of the fundamental work of newton does not come within a purely dogmatic process; it reveals a new pratice of philosophy, turned towards the systematic study of the pure principles that sciences needs. The two first chapters show how strongly the newtonian sciences is growing among considerable thoreticla difficulties, and of which the most important is its incapacity to elaborate a systematic theory of the matter. These difficulties, as thy are bounded by a rigorous theoretical structure, which have played a creative role. The following chapters show how the universal natural history and theory of the heavens until the opus postumum, the critical philosophy forms itself into a fight against the forces of extravagance. But if the transcendental philosophy, in founding the possibility of experience, appears like the synthesis of the system, of the pure philosophy, it is also the starting point of a new philosophical questioning about the real conditions of man as world-inhabiter