Articoli di riviste: "Pedestrian safety"

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Narayanan, Sumana. "Pedestrian Safety in Chennai". Journal of Road Safety 31, n. 3 (1 agosto 2020): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00249.

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Pedestrian and cyclist safety are not considered by urban planners or road users in India. Data on road crashes tend to underreport crashes involving this group. In spite of adopting a Non-Motorised-Transport (NMT) friendly policy in 2014, Chennai city in Tamil Nadu continues to prioritise motorised transport. Five years after the NMT Policy adoption, pedestrian infrastructure was assessed in 11 locations. A perception survey of 37 road users was also conducted as the Policy calls for changing the mindset of motorists towards pedestrians. The pedestrian infrastructure assessment found that footpath and pedestrian crossings are inadequate with only six locations having contiguous, wide, walkable footpaths for some distance. Even in these locations, the footpath is encroached upon by parked vehicles, garbage, utilities, and shops. Even roads which have seen pedestrian-focussed interventions fall short. Pedestrian infrastructure, what little exists, is not friendly towards the elderly and people with disabilities. The perception survey suggests that pedestrians are not safe on the roads and that motorists do not slow down or stop for pedestrians. Some motorists (autorickshaw drivers and bus drivers) felt that pedestrians put themselves at risk by walking on the road and crossing the road as they please. Pedestrians interviewed, however, pointed out that footpaths are few, and those that exist are encroached upon, forcing pedestrians to walk on the road. In spite of being the first city in India to adopt an NMT Policy, many pedestrians continues to be precarious

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M, DASZYKOWSKI, e SIEDLECKA S. "ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS IN POLAND". National Transport University Bulletin 1, n. 50 (2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-011-021.

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Pedestrian crossings today are an indispensable element of the road infrastructure. There are more and more of them. The reason for this state of affairs is the constantly constant level of pedestrian intensity and the need to change the path of the footpath. Pedestrian accidents occur as a result of many factors related to weather conditions or the technical condition of the vehicle. However, in Poland, most often the event happens due to human error, then the driver of a car or a pedestrian. In addition, the high accident rate depends on poor road infrastructure. Unfortunately, a pedestrian is the victim of every third accident in our country. Pedestrians are among the group of vulnerable road users in which participation in an accident has very serious consequences. The importance of this problem can be demonstrated by the fact that 270,000 pedestrians are killed on the world's roads every year. Globally, almost 22% of all fatalities are from pedestrian accidents, and this is an average value, as there are countries where this percentage exceeds 66%. Pedestrian safety is a serious problem on Polish roads. In Poland, most pedestrian accidents occur at pedestrian crossings. This is where pedestrians and vehicles cross, creating a risk of collisions between these road users. These accidents are caused by insufficient visibility of the driver and pedestrians. The analysis of police statistics made it possible to assess the effectiveness of factors aimed at improving road safety at pedestrian crossings. The main one is traffic light. Thanks to him, pedestrian crossings are safer. A big problem, which is still significant, is the concentration of pedestrian’s attention on phone screens. To prevent collisions with pedestrians, they do not monitor their safety when crossing the road, there are special programs for phones, the use of advertising campaigns, the installation of LED strips or the use of 3D strips. KEYWORDS: PEDESTRIAN, PEDESTRIAN CROSSING, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD ACCIDENTS, CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS WITH PEDESTRIANS.

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Park, Seung-Hoon, e Min-Kyung Bae. "Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 7 (31 marzo 2020): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072358.

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Pedestrian-vehicle crashes can result in serious injury to pedestrians, who are exposed to danger when in close proximity to moving vehicles. Furthermore, these injuries can be considerably serious and even lead to death in a manner that varies depending on the pedestrian’s age. This is because the pedestrian’s physical characteristics and behaviors, particularly in relation to roads with moving vehicles, differ depending on the pedestrian’s age. This study examines the determinants of pedestrian injury severity by pedestrian age using binary logistic regression. Factors in the built environment, such as road characteristics and land use of the places where pedestrian crashes occurred, were considered, as were the accident characteristics of the pedestrians and drivers. The analysis determined that the accident characteristics of drivers and pedestrians are more influential in pedestrian-vehicle crashes than the factors of the built environmental characteristics. However, there are substantial differences in injury severity relative to the pedestrian’s age. Young pedestrians (aged under 20 years old) are more likely to suffer serious injury in school zones; however, no association between silver zones and injury severity is found for elderly pedestrians. For people in the age range of 20–39 years old, the severity of pedestrian injuries is lower in areas with more crosswalks and speed cameras. People in the age range of 40–64 years old are more likely to be injured in areas with more neighborhood streets and industrial land use. Elderly pedestrians are likely to suffer fatal injuries in areas with more traffic signals. This study finds that there are differences in the factors of pedestrian injury severity according to the age of pedestrians. Therefore, it is suggested that concrete and efficient policies related to pedestrian age are required to improve pedestrian safety and reduce pedestrian-vehicle crashes.

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Yao, Jiao, Yuhang Li e Jiaping He. "Social Force Model-Based Safety Evaluation of Intersections in Arterials Considering the Pedestrian Yield Rule". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 23 (26 novembre 2021): 12461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312461.

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To enhance the safety of pedestrians crossing the street, a series of new regulations regarding pedestrian yield has been proposed and widely implemented across cities. In this study, we first made some improvements to the social force model, in which pedestrian crossing at the intersection, drivers’ psychology of giving way, vehicle yield to pedestrians, vehicle yield in different directions, the influence of pedestrians crossing boundaries, and signal lamp groups on pedestrian behavior were considered. Furthermore, pedestrian crossing and vehicle yield safety models were established, based on which the comprehensive safety evaluation model of intersections in arterials was established, in which two indices—(1) the safety degree of pedestrian crossings and (2) vehicle acceleration interference—were combined with the entropy weight method. Finally, four types of intersections in arterials were studied using a simulation: the intersections between different levels of arterials, and intersections with one-time and two-times pedestrian crossings. Moreover, safety evaluation and analysis of those intersections, considering the rule of pedestrian yield, were conducted combined with the trajectory data from the VISSIM simulation. The relevant results showed that for pedestrians crossing the street, the pedestrian safety of two-time crossing is significantly higher than that of one-time crossing, and compared with the arterial, the pedestrian crossing distance of the sub-arterial is shorter, and the pedestrian perception is safer. Moreover, due to the herd psychology effect, the increase in pedestrian flow volume improves the safety perception of pedestrians at the intersection.

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Wang, Xianing, Zhan Zhang, Ying Wang, Jun Yang e Linjun Lu. "A Study on Safety Evaluation of Pedestrian Flows Based on Partial Impact Dynamics by Real-Time Data in Subway Stations". Sustainability 14, n. 16 (19 agosto 2022): 10328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610328.

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With the rapid development of urban rail transit, the scientific assurance of pedestrian safety has become an important issue. Orderly behavior is a crucial factor affecting pedestrian safety. Therefore, in-depth research into pedestrian behavior is needed. This study carries out an evaluation of safety in pedestrian flows by establishing a new force model based on real-time data. In this model, we consider the microscopic characteristics of pedestrians and define four force influence mechanisms for simulating pedestrian behavior. Compared with existing models, this model incorporates partial impact dynamics to make it applicable to the particular environment of subway stations. Through the validation of real-world data, it is demonstrated that the model can accurately describe pedestrian behavior and better reproduce the characteristics of pedestrians. The influence of pedestrians and of environmental factors on the model are also discussed. Using our model, we propose a risk evaluation system based on pedestrian volatility. By using real-time pedestrian information from subway stations, the potential risk to pedestrians can be discerned and assessed in advance. This research advances the management of pedestrian safety and provides a framework for studying behavior models and for safety evaluation.

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Xu, Pengpeng, Siqi Xie, Ni Dong, Sze Chun Wong e Helai Huang. "Rethinking safety in numbers: are intersections with more crossing pedestrians really safer?" Injury Prevention 25, n. 1 (27 ottobre 2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042469.

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ObjectiveTo advance the interpretation of the ‘safety in numbers’ effect by addressing the following three questions. How should the safety of pedestrians be measured, as the safety of individual pedestrians or as the overall safety of road facilities for pedestrians? Would intersections with large numbers of pedestrians exhibit a favourable safety performance? Would encouraging people to walk be a sound safety countermeasure?MethodsWe selected 288 signalised intersections with 1003 pedestrian crashes in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2012. We developed a Bayesian Poisson-lognormal model to calculate two common indicators related to pedestrian safety: the expected crash rate per million crossing pedestrians and the expected excess crash frequency. The ranking results of these two indicators for the selected intersections were compared.ResultsWe confirmed a significant positive association between pedestrian volumes and pedestrian crashes, with an estimated coefficient of 0.21. Although people who crossed at intersections with higher pedestrian volumes experienced a relatively lower crash risk, these intersections may still have substantial potential for crash reduction.ConclusionsConclusions on the safety in numbers effect based on a cross-sectional analysis should be reached with great caution. The safety of individual pedestrians can be measured based on the crash risk, whereas the safety of road facilities for pedestrians should be determined by the environmental hazards of walking. Intersections prevalent of pedestrians do not always exhibit favourable safety performance. Relative to increasing the number of pedestrians, safety strategies should focus on reducing environmental hazards and removing barriers to walking.

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Nemchinov, Dmitriy. "ENSURING THE PEDESTRIAN’S SAFETY DESIGN OF URBAN STREET CROSSWALKS". Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, n. 2(26) (1 luglio 2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-103-110.

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The article presents an analysis of positive practices for ensuring the safety of pedestrians at the inter-section of the city streets carriageway, as well as a description of some innovations of regulatory and tech-nical documents, including an increased number of cases when a safety island can be arranged at a pedestri-an crossing. requirements for providing visibility at a pedestrian crossing to determine the minimum distance of visibility at a pedestrian crossing based on the time required pedestrians for crossing the roadway, recommended options for using ground unregulated pedestrian crossings on trapezoidal artificial irregularities according to GOST R 52605; traffic flow) and Z-shaped (also in the direction of the traffic flow), the requirements for the size of the securi-ty island have been established to allow put bicycle inside of safety island, a recommended set of measures to reduce the vehicle speed and describes the types of activities and describes a method of their application, describes methods zones device with reduced travel speed - residential and school zones, set requirements for turboroundabouts and methods of their design.

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Prakash, Sathya. "Road Safety Criteria for Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing Facility and Application of ITS Technologies". European Transport/Trasporti Europei, n. 94 (settembre 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.3.

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This paper describes an attempt made to evaluate the pedestrian's road crossing facility at midblock to relate with pedestrian road crossing behaviour and identify the variables influencing pedestrian road crossing decisions. The decision of pedestrians on road crossing depends on many other elements like yielding behaviour of a driver, vehicle speed, roadway width, traffic volume etc. Pedestrians road crossing data collected through videographic survey at Kozhikode city, Kerala, India were used to evaluate the pedestrian crossing facility. Regression model has been developed considering the pedestrian waiting time as dependent variable and vehicle speed and volume as independent variable. Further, a computational tool is developed to derive suitable criteria for regulating the number of pedestrian phases based on the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation for varying levels of interruptions and vehicle arrival rate. The criteria has been derived such that the negative force exerted by vehicles and drivers during pedestrian road crossing to a minimum level, through the implementation of signal control using Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technologies. Further, the queuing analysis results helps to identify the criteria for proposing grade-separated crossing based on the threshold value of the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation. From the queuing analysis, it was found that, the percentage of vehicle in queue has been increased from 19.44% to 38.89% for the arrival rate of 1200v/h when the number of pedestrian interruptions per hour is increased from 20 to 40. Also, it is observed that when the arrival rate increases from 1200 to 1800 v/h the percentage of vehicle in queue increases 19.44% to 77.78% for 20 number of pedestrian interruptions. The prediction tool developed may help the transportation policymakers and highway officials to evaluate the field conditions and to identify suitable control measures for the pedestrian facility with improved pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic efficiency.

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Araya-Porras, Enoc, Andrey Mora-Calderón e Jonathan Aguero-Valverde. "Pedestrian crossing light violation in Costa Rica: exploring factors affecting mid-block crossing behavior". Ingeniería 32, n. 2 (29 giugno 2022): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ri.v32i2.50386.

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It is necessary to analyze pedestrian behavior at crossings to improve their safety and mobility. Mid-block pedestrian crossings are structures that facilitate the mobility of pedestrians, safeguarding them from vehicular traffic; however, illegal crossing by pedestrians is an everyday occurrence and represents a risk to their safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between different human and road factors and the decision to illegally cross signalized mid-block crossings. Several human factors such as age, gender, waiting time in traffic light, use of the pushbutton and individual or group crossing, as well as road characteristics such as the length of traffic light phase, length of crossing, and vehicular volume were analyzed. To collect information about these variables this study recorded a one-hour video in six selected crosswalks within the Montes de Oca County in Costa Rica. A total of 1,707 crossings were recorded, 10.6% of which corresponded to instances of illegal crossing. After applying a logit model, this research found that traffic volume, pedestrian red-light time, waiting time, vehicle illegal crossing and group crossings reduced the probability of violations by pedestrians. On the other hand, minimum traffic light time and crossing length increased the possibility of pedestrian illegal crossings. This study concluded that the traffic light cycle is an important variable that must be rigorously analyzed to ensure pedestrian's compliance with traffic lights, which will improve the safety of the pedestrian mid-block crossings.

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Stoker, Philip, Andrea Garfinkel-Castro, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Wilson Odero, Martin N. Mwangi, Margie Peden e Reid Ewing. "Pedestrian Safety and the Built Environment". Journal of Planning Literature 30, n. 4 (12 agosto 2015): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595438.

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Urban and regional planning has a contribution to make toward improving pedestrian safety, particularly in view of the fact that about 273,000 pedestrians were killed in road traffic crashes in 2010. The road is a built environments that should enhance safety and security for pedestrians, but this ideal is not always the case. This article presents an overview of the evidence on the risks that pedestrians face in the built environment. This article shows that design of the roadway and development of different land uses can either increase or reduce pedestrian road traffic injury. Planners need to design or modify the built environment to minimize risk for pedestrians.

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Taima, Masahiro, e Tatsuru Daimon. "Differences in Pedestrian Behavior at Crosswalk between Communicating with Conventional Vehicle and Automated Vehicle in Real Traffic Environment". Safety 9, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety9010002.

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In this study, we examine the differences in pedestrian behavior at crosswalks between communicating with conventional vehicles (CVs) and automated vehicles (AVs). To analyze pedestrian behavior statistically, we record the pedestrian’s position (x- and y-coordinates) every 0.5 s and perform a hot spot analysis. A Toyota Prius (ZVW30) is used as the CV and AV, and the vehicle behavior is controlled using the Wizard of Oz method. An experiment is conducted on a public road in Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan, where 38 participants are recruited for each experiment involving a CV and an AV. The participants cross the road after communicating with the CV or AV. The results show that the pedestrians can cross earlier when communicating with the CV as compared with the AV. The hot spot analysis shows that pedestrians who communicate with the CV decide to cross the road before the CV stops; however, pedestrians who communicate with the AVs decide to cross the road after the AV stops. It is discovered that perceived safety does not significantly affect pedestrian behavior; therefore, earlier perceived safety by drivers’ communication and external human–machine interface is more important than higher perceived safety for achieving efficient communication.

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Wu, Yao, Yanyong Guo e Wei Yin. "Real Time Safety Model for Pedestrian Red-Light Running at Signalized Intersections in China". Sustainability 13, n. 4 (4 febbraio 2021): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041695.

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The traditional way to evaluate pedestrian safety is a reactive approach using the data at an aggregate level. The objective of this study is to develop real-time safety models for pedestrian red-light running using the signal cycle level traffic data. Traffic data for 464 signal cycles during 16 h were collected at eight crosswalks on two intersections in the city of Nanjing, China. Various real-time safety models of pedestrian red-light running were developed based on the different combination of explanatory variables using the Bayesian Poisson-lognormal (PLN) model. The Bayesian estimation approach based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation is utilized for the real-time safety models estimates. The models’ comparison results show that the model incorporated exposure, pedestrians’ characteristics and crossing maneuver, and traffic control and crosswalk design outperforms the model incorporated exposure and the model incorporated exposure, pedestrians’ characteristics, and crossing maneuver. The result indicates that including more variables in the real-time safety model could improve the model fit. The model estimation results show that pedestrian volume, ratio of males, ratio of pedestrians on phone talking, pedestrian waiting time, green ratio, signal type, and length of crosswalk are statistically significantly associated with the pedestrians’ red-light running. The findings from this study could be useful in real-time pedestrian safety evaluation as well as in crosswalk design and pedestrian signal optimization.

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Zhou, Jincao, Xin Bai e Wenjie Hu. "Recognition and Prediction of Pedestrian Hazardous Crossing Intentions in Visual Field Obstruction Areas Based on IPVO-LSTM". Applied Sciences 13, n. 5 (26 febbraio 2023): 2999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052999.

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Pedestrians who suddenly cross the street from within the blind spot of a vehicle’s field of view can pose a significant threat to traffic safety. The dangerous pedestrian crossing intentions in view-obscured scenarios have not received as much attention as the prediction of pedestrian crossing intentions. In this paper, we present a method for recognizing and predicting the dangerous crossing intention of pedestrians in a view-obscured region based on the interference, pose, velocity observation–long short-term memory (IPVO-LSTM) algorithm from a road-based view. In the first step, the road-based camera captures the pedestrian’s image. Then, we construct a pedestrian interference state feature module, pedestrian three-dimensional pose feature module, pedestrian velocity feature module, and pedestrian blind observation state feature module and extract the corresponding features of the studied pedestrians. Finally, the pedestrian hazard crossing intention prediction module based on a feature-fused LSTM (ff-LSTM) and attention mechanism is used to fuse and process the above features in a cell state process to recognize and predict the pedestrian hazard crossing intention in the blind visual area. Experiments are compared with current common algorithms in terms of the input parameter selection, intention recognition algorithm, and intention prediction time range, and the experimental results validate our state-of-the-art method.

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Mikusova, Miroslava, Joanna Wachnicka e Joanna Zukowska. "Research on the Use of Mobile Devices and Headphones on Pedestrian Crossings—Pilot Case Study from Slovakia". Safety 7, n. 1 (2 marzo 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010017.

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The topic of the use of mobile devices and headphones on pedestrian crossings is much less explored in comparison to the use of the mobile phone while driving. Recent years have seen many discussions on this issue, especially in foreign countries. The Slovak Republic, however, has not been giving it enough attention (and it is not mentioned in the National Road Safety Plan for the Slovak Republic from 2011 to 2020). This paper aims to draw attention to this issue. It presents basic outputs of a pilot study on pedestrian safety, with a focus on the use of mobile devices and headphones at selected non-signalized pedestrian crossings in three Slovak cities. Overall, 9% of pedestrians used headphones or mobile devices at observed pedestrian crossings (4% of them used headphones, 1% used headphones and at same time used their mobile phone, 2% made phone calls and 2% used their mobile phones). While these numbers can be considered relatively low, the study proved that during weekdays every 2 min someone was using the crossing without fully focusing on crossing the road safely. Another main finding was that although the safety risk at pedestrian crossings is increased by factors such as rush hour traffic or reduced visibility, pedestrian behavior related to the use of mobile phones and headphones does not change. A safety assessment was also carried out at the crossings. The results show that pedestrian behavior is not affected by the level of safety of the crossing (e.g., visibility of the crossing for drivers). The results of the presented analysis suggest that action is needed to change that. Due to the lack of information about accidents involving pedestrians using mobile phones and headsets when crossing the road, no relevant statistical data could be analyzed. The dataset collected can be used as a basis for further investigation or comparisons with other countries of the relevant indicators. In future work, we would like to include a pedestrian–driver interaction factor focusing on driver speed behavior in relation to pedestrians (who are on or are about to step onto a pedestrian crossing) and identify critical situations caused by improper behavior of drivers and/or pedestrians. This will help to understand speed adjustment problems related to pedestrian crossings.

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Cottrell, Wayne D., e Dharminder Pal. "Evaluation of Pedestrian Data Needs and Collection Efforts". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1828, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1828-02.

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Research was done to evaluate the extent to which the pedestrian data collection efforts of transportation agencies in the United States are addressing pedestrian safety factors. There was also consideration of how pedestrian data collection can be improved to facilitate the monitoring of these factors. Fifteen pedestrian safety issues are identified based on a literature review and examination of pedestrian–vehicle crashes in Utah. A 2001 survey of U.S. transportation agencies indicated that 45 (75%) of the 60 respondents were counting pedestrians at various locations. Hand counting, the recording of push-button use, and video cameras were methods used to collect data. Automated systems, such as position sensors and image processing, were not used to count pedestrians. The use of advanced data collection technologies is not critical to the resolution of pedestrian safety concerns, although permanent counting installations might increase data collection efficiency. Only 4 of the 15 pedestrian safety issues were specifically being addressed by the agencies’ data collection efforts. Their existing methods could, however, be used to target seven additional safety factors. The development of a pedestrian data monitoring guide is recommended; an outline is proposed. Several agencies admitted that pedestrian volumes did not affect their pedestrian treatments. Evidently, some transportation agencies could benefit from direction on how to relate pedestrian demand and behavior data to safety improvements.

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Chen, Xiufeng, Ziyu Chen, Jinshun Yang, Fuquan Pan e Ruicong Wang. "Analysis of Path Distribution Characteristics and Safety Impact of Pedestrians Crossing in the Advance Right-Turn Lane". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (5 ottobre 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2924008.

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Pedestrian crossing chaos has become one of the significant problems of urban traffic nowadays, and the irregular behavior of pedestrians affects traffic operation and regional safety to a certain extent. Aiming at the safety of pedestrian crossing in the advance right-turn lane, the pedestrian path deviation (PPD) is proposed to quantitatively describe the pedestrian crossing path deviation and analyze the impact of PPD on pedestrian crossing safety. With four advance right-turn lanes at an intersection in Qingdao as the investigation site, the spatiotemporal information of pedestrians and motor vehicles is collected to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian path distribution and the influencing factors of pedestrian crossing under the factors of traffic flow and environment. The pedestrian-vehicle conflict characteristics are analyzed from the perspective of conflict rate and deceleration-to-safety. The severity level of human-vehicle conflict is classified according to the cumulative frequency of safety deceleration, and the severity model of human-vehicle conflict based on ordered probit is established. The results show that buildings such as large shopping malls and transportation hubs have an attractive effect on pedestrians. Under the influence of unilateral buildings, the proportion of irregular use of pedestrian crosswalks reaches 46.9%. There is a significant positive correlation between pedestrian flow and PPD index, and the increase of pedestrian flow causes the aggravation of pedestrian path deviation. The results of the analysis of PPD with pedestrian-vehicle conflict rate and conflict severity show that the increase of PPD significantly increases the risk of pedestrian-vehicle conflict occurrence; in addition, motor vehicle speed and PPD have significant effects on the severity of pedestrian-vehicle conflict, and the increase of both vehicle traffic speed and PPD causes the aggravation of the severity level of pedestrian-vehicle conflict. Combined with the above findings, the PPD index has some value in quantifying pedestrian spatial violations as well as regional safety evaluation, and the findings can provide theoretical guidance for the establishment of traffic facilities.

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Utriainen, Roni, e Markus Pöllänen. "Prioritizing Safety or Traffic Flow? Qualitative Study on Highly Automated Vehicles’ Potential to Prevent Pedestrian Crashes with Two Different Ambitions". Sustainability 12, n. 8 (15 aprile 2020): 3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083206.

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Interaction between drivers and pedestrians enables pedestrians to cross the street without conflicts. When highly automated vehicles (HAVs) become prevalent, interaction will change. Although HAVs manage to identify pedestrians, they may not be able to assess pedestrians’ intentions. This study discusses two different ambitions: Prioritizing pedestrian safety and prioritizing efficient traffic flow; and how these two affect the possibilities to avoid fatal crashes between pedestrians and passenger cars. HAVs’ hypothetical possibilities to avoid different crash scenarios are evaluated based on 40 in-depth investigated fatal pedestrian crashes, which occurred with manually-driven cars in Finland in 2014–2016. When HAVs prioritize pedestrian safety, they decrease speed near pedestrians as a precaution which affects traffic flow due to frequent decelerations. When HAVs prioritize efficient traffic flow, they only decelerate, when pedestrians are in a collision course. The study shows that neither of these approaches can be applied in all traffic environments, and all of the studied crashes would not likely be avoidable with HAVs even when prioritizing pedestrian safety. The high expectations of HAVs’ safety benefits may not be realized, and in addition to safety and traffic flow, there are many other objectives in traffic which need to be considered.

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Osuret, Jimmy, Stellah Namatovu, Claire Biribawa, Bonny Enock Balugaba, Esther Bayiga Zziwa, Kennedy Muni, Albert Ningwa et al. "State of pedestrian road safety in Uganda: a qualitative study of existing interventions". African Health Sciences 21, n. 3 (27 settembre 2021): 1498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i3.62.

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Background: Pedestrians in Uganda account for 40% of road traffic fatalities and 25% of serious injuries annually. We explored the current pedestrian road traffic injury interventions in Uganda to understand why pedestrian injuries and deaths continue despite the presence of interventions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study that involved a desk review of road safety policy, regulatory documents, and reports. We supplemented the document review with 14 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions with par- ticipants involved in road safety. Qualitative thematic content analysis was done using ATLAS. ti 7 software. Results: Five thematic topics emerged. Specifically, Uganda had a Non-Motorized Transport Policy whose implementation revealed several gaps. The needs of pedestrians and contextual evidence were ignored in road systems. The key program- matic challenges in pedestrian road safety management included inadequate funding, lack of political support, and lack of stakeholder collaboration. There was no evidence of plans for monitoring and evaluation of the various pedestrian road safety interventions. Conclusion: The research revealed low prioritization of pedestrian needs in the design, implementation, and evaluation of pedestrian road safety interventions. Addressing Uganda’s pedestrian needs requires concerted efforts to coordinate all road safety activities, political commitment, and budgetary support at all levels. Keywords: Pedestrian; safety intervention; qualitative; Uganda.

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Nkurunziza, David, e Rahman Tafahomi. "Assessment of Pedestrian Mobility on Road Networks in the City of Kigali". Journal of Public Policy and Administration 8, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jppa.1794.

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the pedestrians’ mobility issues that are affecting their free movement and safety in the City of Kigali by outlining the major challenges in the City and providing alternative solutions and measures for improving the mobility and safety of Pedestrians. Methodology: This study was designed based on qualitative method with application of structured and unobtrusive. Referring to the paper findings about the mobility challenges of pedestrians within the City of Kigali, it is noted that the mobility of the pedestrians and their safety is still low and typical problems including road crossing viewed as the second challenges about pedestrians mobility, walking along the road networks due to lack of footpaths, lacking of enough road signs, lacking of information about pedestrian behavior on road networks, and improper functioning of existing traffic signals as the first challenge. Findings: The study found that the majority of road networks in the City of Kigali did not provide walkways, traffics signals designs and availability is very poor and some of them not functioning, zebra crossing facilities were not provided adequately, pedestrians shelter on bus stop are almost absent and ignored, vehicles travelling speed is still high and does not allow pedestrians to move freely and the mobility of disables people has been forgotten and there is a need of introducing the pedestrian overpass bridges in clouded zones of Nyabugogo, Kicukiro Sonatube and Remera Giporoso areas of the City of Kigali. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: maintaining pedestrian’s safety by using the traffic lights to warn the drivers to be aware of the pedestrians’ safety and to think of how the implementation of the pedestrian overpass can be introduced in the City where more a great number of pedestrians crossing the road reduced to be killed in the accident.

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Marisamynathan, S., e P. Vedagiri. "Modeling Pedestrian Crossing Behavior and Safety at Signalized Intersections". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, n. 31 (26 aprile 2018): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118759075.

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Pedestrian noncompliance behavior is one of the most critical causes of pedestrian involved traffic crashes at intersections in India. Thus, the objectives of this study are to examine how various factors affect pedestrian crossing behavior and to propose models for pedestrian crossing behavior and level of safety at signalized intersections which will be useful to regulate pedestrian flow. The data were collected with video and a user perceptions survey at six selected signalized intersections in Mumbai, India. The differences between pedestrian crossing behavior with respect to personal characteristics, socioeconomic attributes, and existing crossing facilities were identified using Pearson correlation and odd ratio tests. Furthermore, the major reasons for noncompliance behavior were obtained by analysis of field data to prevent noncompliance behavior and enhance pedestrian safety. The results showed that a significant number of the pedestrians violated the traffic signal to save time and for convenience (46%). A binary logit model was developed to evaluate the impacts of contributing factors on pedestrian crossing behavior. Further, an ordered probability model was established to evaluate and estimate the pedestrian level of safety at signalized intersections. Two models were validated, and their statistical results show that the models predict the pedestrian crossing behavior and safety level more precisely. Developed models and study outcomes can help transport planners and designers understand pedestrian crossing behavior on crosswalks at signalized intersections and thus create a safer crossing environment for all pedestrians.

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21

Chen, Ziyu, Xiufeng Chen, Ruicong Wang e Mengyuan Gao. "Characterization of Pedestrian Crossing Spatial Violations and Safety Impact Analysis in Advance Right-Turn Lane". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 15 (26 luglio 2022): 9134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159134.

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Abstract (sommario):

In view of the pedestrian space violation in an advance right-turn lane, the pedestrian crossing paths are divided by collecting the temporal and spatial information of pedestrians and motor vehicles, and the characteristics of different pedestrian crossing behaviors are studied. Combined with the time and speed indicators of conflict severity, the K-means method is used to divide the level of conflict severity. A multivariate ordered logistic regression model of the severity of pedestrian–vehicle conflict was constructed to quantify the effects of different factors on the severity of the pedestrian–vehicle conflict. The study of 1388 pedestrians and the resulting pedestrian–vehicle conflicts found that the type of spatial violation has a significant impact on pedestrian crossing behavior and safety. The average crossing speed and acceleration variation values of spatially violated pedestrians were significantly higher than those of other pedestrians; there is a significant increase in the severity of pedestrian–vehicle conflicts in areas close to the oncoming traffic; the average percentage of pedestrian–vehicle conflicts due to spatial violations increased by 12%, and the percentage of serious conflicts due to each type of spatial violation increased from 18% to 87%, 74%, 30%, and 63%, respectively, compared with those of non-violated pedestrians. In addition, the decrease in the number of lanes and the increase in speed and vehicle reach all lead to an increase in the severity of pedestrian–vehicle conflicts. The results of the study will help traffic authorities to take measures to ensure pedestrian crossing safety.

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22

Antić, Boris, Dalibor Pešić, Emir Smailović e Mladen Kovač. "Pedestrian crossing in crossroads with exclusive pedestrian phase - world experiences". Put i saobraćaj 67, n. 2 (14 giugno 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.67.02.04.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrians are one of the most endangered and vulnerable groups of participants in traffic. In order to increase their safety, different kinds of management measures are applied. Exclusive pedestrian phase represents a measure from a group of technical traffic regulations and implies complete time separation of pedestrian flow from wheel flow. The object of this paper is to analyse world experience in applying exclusive pedestrian phase in order to understand effects on safety of pedestrians in traffic and to apply it in our conditions.

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23

Sundararajan, Komala Devi, Kamarudin Ambak, Basil David Daniel, Siti Zaharah Ishak e Leksmono Suryo Putranto. "Pedestrian Behavioural Intention to Use Crossing Facilities Based on Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour". Jurnal Kejuruteraan 32, n. 3 (30 agosto 2020): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2020-32(3)-17.

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Abstract (sommario):

In Malaysia, pedestrian has become a regular transportation mode with major importance in human society. For pedestrians to cross the busy main road, crossing facilities is perhaps the most crucial. It is most important to establish a way of preventing a tragedy and to make the pedestrian aware of the need to perform a safety crossing in order to prevent an accident. The objectives of study are to investigate the contributing factors that affect pedestrians to use a crossing facility and to analyse the relationship between the contributing factors and a safe crossing behaviour. In this analysis, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was used to explain this outcome and decide whether characteristics and attitude influence the pedestrian’s behaviour involved in the accident. For the purpose of gathering information from the respondents, a questionnaire was used as a research tool which consists a series of questions and other prompts. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, factor analysis and Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results show all variables are significantly contributed to safe crossing behavior. There are two most dominant variables namely perceived consequence and expectation of pedestrian toward safe crossing behavior. TPB model is therefore capable of explaining the significant factors influencing the pedestrian’s intention to safe crossing behaviour. The most dominant variable of the extended model of TPB is expectation. Pedestrian’s expectation is high toward proper crossing facility, authorities should intervene with the design infrastructure to attract more pedestrians to use the crossing and there is a need to provide sufficient signal time for pedestrians to cross the street safely.

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24

Royko, Yurii, Oleh Hrytsun, Romana Bura e Yurii Yevchuk. "Provision of a rational control mode at pedestrian crosswalk". MATEC Web of Conferences 390 (2024): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439003011.

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Abstract (sommario):

Signalized pedestrian crosswalks on urban streets are essential for ensuring the safe crossing of the roadway by pedestrians and controlling the movement of vehicles. These crosswalks allow pedestrians to cross the roadway by the set rules, providing safety and comfort to all road users. Pedestrian safety is critical to improving mobility in cities. About 15% of traffic accidents occur at signalized crosswalks. Existing traffic signal control systems are mainly aimed at road traffic, which often results in significant delays and insufficient time for pedestrians to cross. It leads to risky behavior, such as not obeying traffic rules. Current pedestrian detection systems at signalized intersections mainly consist of pedestrian controllers called “buttons”. Limitations include the inability to notify a pedestrian that he, or she has been detected and the inability to dynamically extend crossing times if pedestrians do not cross the road in time. Intelligent transport systems play an essential role in improving mobility and safety and provide innovative methods to connect pedestrians, vehicles and infrastructure. Most of the research on smart and connected technologies focuses on vehicles, but there is a need to use these technologies to study pedestrian behavior, as pedestrians are the most vulnerable participants in the transportation system. Therefore, the transport system should take into account all pedestrians and satisfy all needs. Therefore, this article aims to provide information on improving traffic signal control system at pedestrian crosswalks to make them more pedestrian-friendly without significant disruption to traffic flow. The study was carried out by modeling a pedestrian crosswalk for different combinations of pedestrians and traffic flow. This paper presents modeling results and provides recommendations for the introduction of a rational control mode at pedestrian crosswalks.

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25

Thapa, Sudeep, Mitko Dimitrov Marinov e Srijan Subedi Chowi. "Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Speed at Signalized and Non-Signalized Crosswalk: A Case Study of Central Station to Str. Tzar Osvobotiel Road of Ruse City". Journal of Transportation Systems 8, n. 3 (6 dicembre 2023): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jots.2023.v08i03.004.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrian safety is a paramount concern on our roadways, as pedestrians are inherently vulnerable when navigating traffic. In Bulgaria, this research underscores the necessity of prioritizing pedestrian safety in roadway design and traffic control measures. The study's core objective was to analyze pedestrian crossing behaviour and identify optimal locations for pedestrian crossings to enhance overall road safety. A notable finding of the study was the significant influence of crosswalk type on pedestrian crossing speeds. Pedestrians were observed to cross streets more rapidly at signalized crosswalks, highlighting the efficacy of traffic control devices in regulating pedestrian movements. Moreover, the study delved into the influence of age and gender on pedestrian crossing speeds. It revealed that children and adult pedestrians were the fastest groups in terms of crossing speeds, while elderly pedestrians exhibited notably slower speeds. Notably, at non-signalized crosswalks, adult females were the slowest demographic, both in comparison to adult males and in comparison, to both male and female children. In a broader context, the study unveiled that male pedestrians, on the whole, demonstrated significantly faster crossing speeds than their female counterparts. These findings provide valuable insights for road planners and policymakers in Bulgaria, aiming to create safer and more efficient road systems that cater to the unique needs of pedestrians while considering the various factors that influence their crossing behaviours.

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26

Sung, Hyungun, Sugie Lee, SangHyun Cheon e Junho Yoon. "Pedestrian Safety in Compact and Mixed-Use Urban Environments: Evaluation of 5D Measures on Pedestrian Crashes". Sustainability 14, n. 2 (7 gennaio 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020646.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study examined the impact of density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination accessibility, five measures, known as the 5Ds, that characterize the built environment, on pedestrian–vehicle crashes in Seoul, Korea. Using spatial analysis based on 500-m grid cells, this study employed negative binomial regression models on the frequencies of three specific types of pedestrian–vehicle crashes: crashes causing death, major injury, and minor injury to pedestrians. Analysis shows that compact and mixed-use urban environments represented by 5D measures have mixed effects on pedestrian safety. Trade-off effects are found between a higher risk for all types of pedestrian crashes, and a lower risk for fatal pedestrian crashes in 5D urban environments. As a design variable, a higher number of intersections is more likely to increase some types of pedestrian crashes, including fatal crashes, a finding which warrants policy attention to promote pedestrian safety near intersection areas. This study also confirms an urgent need to secure the travel safety of pedestrians near public transit stations due to the higher risk of pedestrian crashes near such facilities. Various destinations, such as retail stores, traditional markets, and hospitals, are associated with pedestrian crashes. Pedestrian safety measures should be implemented to reduce the likelihood of pedestrian crashes near major destination facilities.

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27

Rahman, Mizanur, Mhafuzul Islam, Jon Calhoun e Mashrur Chowdhury. "Real-Time Pedestrian Detection Approach with an Efficient Data Communication Bandwidth Strategy". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n. 6 (7 maggio 2019): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843255.

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Abstract (sommario):

Vehicle-to-pedestrian communication could significantly improve pedestrian safety at signalized intersections. However, it is unlikely that pedestrians will typically be carrying a low latency communication-enabled device with an activated pedestrian safety application in their hand-held device all the time. Because of this, multiple traffic cameras at a signalized intersection could be used to accurately detect and locate pedestrians using deep learning, and broadcast safety alerts related to pedestrians to warn connected and automated vehicles around signalized intersections. However, the unavailability of high-performance roadside computing infrastructure and the limited network bandwidth between traffic cameras and the computing infrastructure limits the ability of real-time data streaming and processing for pedestrian detection. In this paper, we describe an edge computing-based real-time pedestrian detection strategy that combines a pedestrian detection algorithm using deep learning and an efficient data communication approach to reduce bandwidth requirements while maintaining high pedestrian detection accuracy. We utilize a lossy compression technique on traffic camera data to determine the tradeoff between the reduction of the communication bandwidth requirements and a defined pedestrian detection accuracy. The performance of the pedestrian detection strategy is measured in relation to pedestrian classification accuracy with varying peak signal-to-noise ratios. The analyses reveal that we detect pedestrians by maintaining a defined detection accuracy with a peak signal-to-noise ratio 43 dB while reducing the communication bandwidth from 9.82 Mbits/sec to 0.31 Mbits/sec, a 31× reduction.

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28

Sulaiman, Muhammad Adib, e Diah Intan Kusumodewi. "Analisis Kualitas Jalur Pedestrian Di Koridor Jalan Pb Sudirman Kecamatan Pare Kabupaten Kediri". Teknik PWK (Perencanaan Wilayah Kota) 10, n. 3 (10 settembre 2021): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tpwk.2021.31872.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users compared to other road users. To create a pleasant walking environment, we need an environment that can provide security for pedestrians. One of the busy pedestrian lanes is the PB Sudirman Corridor area, Pare District which is a commercial area in Kediri Regency. The purpose of this study is to see how safe a path for micro scale pedestrians can then be used as input in the process of improving lane design. The method used in this study is the Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index (PEQI) method that assesses the quality of pedestrian pathways with five variables namely crossing safety; traffic; pedestrian track design; land use; and Safety and walkability variables. The results showed that the quality of pedestrian lanes in PB Sudirman Road Corridor Area has an inadequate quality average at the intersection and only has basic facilities for pedestrians on the lane, so efforts are needed to improve the quality of pedestrian lanes.

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29

Ribbens, Hubrecht. "Pedestrian Facilities in South Africa: Research and Practice". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1538, n. 1 (gennaio 1996): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153800102.

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Abstract (sommario):

An overview of the pedestrian accident problem in South Africa is given, and the engineering solutions implemented to improve pedestrian safety are discussed. The pedestrian problem accounts for part of the road safety problem in South Africa. In recent years there has been a reduction in the number of pedestrian fatalities and injuries. Research findings in the early 1980s showed that inadequate provision was being made for pedestrians in a country where about 80 percent of all trips were made by public transport and by foot. A comprehensive research program has been conducted since 1980 to upgrade all the facilities through the development of warrants for the provisions and guidelines for the correct layout and siting of the various types of pedestrian facilities. The various operational problems encountered at the different types of pedestrian facilities are discussed to provide a safer environment. These problems and solutions are dealt with according to the various traffic engineering approaches adopted to improve pedestrian safety. First, the methods used to integrate pedestrians with vehicular traffic are highlighted, namely through temporal separation (pedestrian crossings, school patrol crossings, traffic lights) and soft separation (traffic calming measures). Second, the technologies developed to segregate pedestrians from vehicular traffic through horizontal separation (pedestrian malls, township layout, sidewalks) and vertical separation (foot bridges and subways) are discussed. Other aspects are pedestrian facilities on rural roads, pedestrian signs and markings, and facilities for disabled pedestrians. Apart from the dissemination to practitioners of individual research reports on pedestrian facilities produced since 1980, the warrants and guidelines developed since 1980 were incorporated into a pedestrian facility manual published in 1993. Technology transfer workshops were conducted throughout South Africa to train road authorities and consulting engineers on use of the manual. It is concluded that the implementation of these warrants and guidelines since the mid-1980s together with a holistic traffic safety management plan have contributed to the reduction in pedestrian fatalities and injuries since 1989.

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30

Li, Xiaomeng, Xuedong Yan, Xingang Li e Jiangfeng Wang. "Using Cellular Automata to Investigate Pedestrian Conflicts with Vehicles in Crosswalk at Signalized Intersection". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/287502.

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Abstract (sommario):

The operational efficiency and safety of pedestrian flows at intersections is an important aspect of urban traffic. Particularly, conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles in crosswalk are one of the most influential factors for intersection safety. This paper presents a cellular automata model that simulates pedestrian and vehicle crossing behaviors at signalized intersections. Through the simulation, we investigate the effects of different pedestrian signal timing and crosswalk widths on the crosswalk capacity, the number of traffic conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles, and pedestrian delay due to the conflicts. The simulation results indicate that the cellular automata is an effective simulation platform for investigating complex pedestrian-related traffic phenomenon at signalized intersections.

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31

Budzynski, Marcin, Anna Gobis, Lucyna Guminska, Lukasz Jelinski, Mariusz Kiec e Piotr Tomczuk. "Assessment of the Influence of Road Infrastructure Parameters on the Behaviour of Drivers and Pedestrians in Pedestrian Crossing Areas". Energies 14, n. 12 (15 giugno 2021): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123559.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrians are participants and, most likely, fatalities in every third road traffic accident in Poland. Over 30% of all fatalities on Polish roads are pedestrians. Accidents with pedestrians are very often the result of various factors related to the infrastructure and behaviour of pedestrians and drivers. The objective of the work was to assess driver and pedestrian behaviour in pedestrian crossing areas. The research also served as a pilot study for similar work to be conducted across Poland, and constituted the basis for monitoring the behaviour of road users in the area of pedestrian crossings. Parameters which must be analysed were identified on the basis of field studies. Principles of selecting test sites were adopted, and measurement methods for pedestrian crossing areas are presented. The influence of the location of the selected test cross-section infrastructure parameters on the behaviour of road users in pedestrian crossing areas is demonstrated. The results of the study will be used as a basis for new solutions involving pedestrian crossing infrastructure designed to improve pedestrian safety. The results were also used in formulating new regulations for the design and maintenance of pedestrian crossings and recommendations for road safety auditors.

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Aljoufie, Mohammed, e Alok Tiwari. "Modeling Road Safety in Car-Dependent Cities: Case of Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia". Sustainability 13, n. 4 (8 febbraio 2021): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041816.

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Abstract (sommario):

Investigating the connections between pedestrian crashes and various urban variables is critical to ameliorate the prediction of pedestrian fatalities, formulate advisories for the stakeholders, and provide an evidence base for policy change to mitigate the occurrence and intensity of pedestrian fatalities. In this paper, we aim to explore the geographically varying association between the pedestrian fatalities and other associated factors of an urban environment in Jeddah city, which is a car-dependent city in Saudi Arabia. At first, Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were applied to visualize the clustering of pedestrian fatalities in the various districts of Jeddah. Subsequently, we developed Poisson regression models based on their geographically weighted indicators. Both the global and geographically weighted regression models attempt to assess the association between the pedestrian fatalities and the geographically relevant land use and transport infrastructure factors. The results indicate that geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) performed better than the global Poisson counterparts. It is also revealed that the existing transportation infrastructure in Jeddah was significantly associated with the higher pedestrian fatalities. The results have shown that the proposed model in this study can inform transport policies in Jeddah in prioritizing more safety measures for the pedestrians, including expanding pedestrians’ infrastructure, and cautious monitoring of pedestrian footpaths. It can facilitate the analysis and improvement of road safety for pedestrians in car-dependent cities.

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Javid, Muhammad Ashraf, Mashood Khalid, Nazam Ali, Tiziana Campisi, Antonino Canale e Suniti Suparp. "Analysis of Pedestrians’ Perceptions about the Design Aspects of Crossing Facilities: A Case in Nizwa, Oman". Infrastructures 6, n. 12 (9 dicembre 2021): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6120175.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study aims to identify the key factors in pedestrians’ intentions when using crossing facilities. For this purpose, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed and conducted at selected locations in Nizwa city. The main investigated variables are linked to personal characteristics, opinions on the main reasons for accidents, and how hard it is for pedestrians to cross roads at different locations in Nizwa city. Statements were also designed on the safety and health aspects of pedestrian crossings, as well as the physical and design aspects of pedestrian crossing facilities. Suitable locations were selected for the survey to assess the main concerns of pedestrian facilities. A total of 280 usable samples were collected from the selected locations. The analysis results revealed that young pedestrians do not find it difficult to use pedestrian bridges and underpasses when crossing roads. Pedestrians’ prioritization of safety when crossing, pedestrians’ health conditions, the proper cleaning and lighting of facilities, and the good design of facilities are significant determinants of pedestrians’ intentions when using crossing facilities. Crossing facilities need to be maintained properly, for example, through the cleaning and lighting of facilities. Proper awareness among pedestrians and vehicle drivers is required for the safety of pedestrians.

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Guerrier, José H., e Sylvan C. Jolibois. "The Safety of Elderly Pedestrians at Five Urban Intersections in Miami". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, n. 2 (ottobre 1998): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804200206.

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Abstract (sommario):

A study of five intersections was conducted in the city of Miami Beach to identify the problems encountered by young, middle-aged, and old pedestrians. Data were collected using questionnaires and videotapes. Both the survey and the videotape data support pedestrian difficulties at the intersections studied. Highlights of these findings are as follows: Pedestrians generally found the time available for pedestrians to cross the street too short. The data show that for the 15th percentile older pedestrian three of the four signalized intersections studied provided insufficient crossing time. A major cause of the difficulties of older pedestrians can be attributed to physical limitations. There was a substantive number of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts and in the majority of these conflicts the pedestrians were at fault. The results of this study underscore the need for countermeasures that include engineering design considerations and educational campaigns for drivers and pedestrians.

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35

Qu, Dayi, Haiyang Li, Haomin Liu, Shaojie Wang e Kekun Zhang. "Crosswalk Safety Warning System for Pedestrians to Cross the Street Intelligently". Sustainability 14, n. 16 (17 agosto 2022): 10223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610223.

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Abstract (sommario):

During signal transitions at road sections and intersections, pedestrians and vehicles often clash and cause traffic accidents due to unclear right-of-way. To solve this problem, a vehicle safety braking distance model considering human–vehicle characteristics is established and applied to the designed crosswalk safety warning system to enable pedestrians to cross the street intelligently. The model developed to consider human–vehicle characteristics improves the parking sight distance and pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance models by adding consideration of the effect of vehicle size and type on pedestrian psychology. The established model considering human–vehicle characteristics was improved for the stopping sight distance and pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance models. The effects of vehicle size and type on pedestrian psychology were taken into account. The designed warning system can be divided into a detection module, control module, warning module, and wireless communication module. The system detects the position and speed of pedestrians and vehicles and discriminates the conflict situation, executing the corresponding warning plan for three different types of situations. The system provides warning to pedestrians and vehicles through the different color displays of the intelligent crosswalk. The results show that the proposed model, which synergistically couples vehicle speed, driver reaction time, road characteristic correlation coefficients, and the psychological impact of vehicle size and type on pedestrians, is safe and effective. The designed system solves the problem of pedestrian crossing safety from both theoretical and technical aspects.

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Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch. "Risk factors for road transport–related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana: Implications for road safety education". Health Education Journal 76, n. 7 (27 luglio 2017): 880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896917719736.

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Abstract (sommario):

Objectives: Injuries and mortality resulting from pedestrian road traffic crashes are a major public health problem in Ghana. This study investigated risk factors for road transport-related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana. Design: Case study design using qualitative data. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with pedestrians. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the responses. Results: Findings showed that participants considered road design, roadside trading, inconsiderate driving, pedestrian traffic behaviour, low pedestrian crash risk perception and parental negligence as important determinants of road transport-related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana. Conclusion: These findings suggest that safe pedestrian road environments and health-enhancing traffic attitudes and behaviour may help reduce the pedestrian crash problem in rural Ghana.

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Ezawa, Kazuhiro, Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak e Masao Nagai. "Hazard Anticipatory Autonomous Braking Control System Based on 2-D Pedestrian Motion Prediction". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 27, n. 6 (18 dicembre 2015): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2015.p0636.

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Abstract (sommario):

<div class=""abs_img""><img src=""[disp_template_path]/JRM/abst-image/00270006/05.jpg"" width=""300"" /> The focused scenario</div>This paper discusses 2-dimensional (2-D) pedestrian motion prediction and autonomous braking control for enhancing the collision avoidance performance of an active safety system. The paper targets a typical scenario involving a pedestrian walking toward a parked vehicle on a crowded urban road. The pedestrian is not expected to continue walking in a straight line. Conventional first-order motion prediction accuracy alone is not enough to predict the pedestrian motion because prediction is based on the pedestrian’s current position and velocity within a finite time. We formulated a 2-D pedestrian motion model of the parked vehicle based on learning the measured trajectory of pedestrians in the same scenario. We then designed an autonomous braking control system based on whether the vehicle will overtake a pedestrian. We evaluated the validity of the proposed autonomous braking control system in simulation experiments.

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38

Abdullah, Muhammad, Nazam Ali, Muhammad Ashraf Javid, Muhammad Waqar Aslam e Charitha Dias. "Signal-Free Corridor Development and Their Impact on Pedestrians: Insights from Expert and Public Surveys". Sustainability 15, n. 19 (4 ottobre 2023): 14480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914480.

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Abstract (sommario):

Increasing vehicular demand has compelled decision makers to turn urban roads into signal-free corridors (SFCs) in Lahore. These corridors aim at prioritizing car flow over other modes and consist of various car-centric projects (CCPs), such as continuous flow intersections, grade separation, and continuous through movement. These projects often ignore pedestrian requirements and, thus reduce pedestrian safety. Considering the ongoing development projects in Lahore, this study aimed at evaluating the concept of SFCs. A total of 6 existing SFCs were identified in Lahore, which lacked basic pedestrian infrastructure. An expert survey was then conducted to understand the purpose of creating these SFCs, their effects on pedestrians, and the way forward. The thematic analysis regarding the purpose of creating these SFCs and their effect on pedestrians indicated the prioritization of private cars and pedestrian safety issues as the two underlying themes. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the perceptions of pedestrians on these two themes, i.e., pedestrian safety and car priority. Principle component analysis extracted two components labeled as pedestrian safety and car priority. Component scores were computed, and the three CCPs were then compared using non-parametrical tests in terms of both these components. According to the results, continuous flow intersections were declared to be significantly safer than continuous through movement and grade separation, whereas continuous flow intersection was found to be prioritizing cars over pedestrians significantly more than continuous through movement and grade separation. Finally, policy implications were presented for practitioners.

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Lee, Haeryung, e Seung-Nam Kim. "Perceived Safety and Pedestrian Performance in Pedestrian Priority Streets (PPSs) in Seoul, Korea: A Virtual Reality Experiment and Trace Mapping". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 5 (3 marzo 2021): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052501.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrian Priority Street (PPS) project, launched to encourage safer and more convenient walking by improving the inferior pedestrian environment on narrow streets without sidewalks, is based on Monderman’s shared space concept. Similar to the shared space approach, PPS aims for mutual consideration between pedestrians and drivers and strives to create a pedestrian-friendly environment, but the project relies on a unique road surface design. Considering the two main goals of the PPS project, this study investigated how subjective safety and pedestrians’ movements differed by design types. To analyze safety perception, ordered Logit regression and post-hoc interviews were conducted with visual assessment survey using recorded VR (virtual reality) videos. Next, trace mapping and analysis were performed based on the video recordings to measure the degree of free walking. The results found that pedestrians perceived higher safety level in PPSs than in general back road. Further, the pedestrians moved more freely in the street with an integrated design. In other types, which suggested a pedestrian zone at the roadside, there was not much difference in behavior from the general back roads. Thus, the design principle of PPS, which does not set a boundary between pedestrian and vehicle area, should be observed to lead to behavioral changes in pedestrians.

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40

Govinda, Lalam, e KVR Ravishankar. "Pedestrian Gap Acceptance Behavioral Modelling at Midblock and Uncontrolled Intersections". U.Porto Journal of Engineering 9, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2023): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_009-001_001113.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrian safety is one of the major concerns and pedestrian gap acceptance (PGA) behaviour depends on various characteristics of pedestrians, vehicles, geometry and environment. This study is intended to develop PGA models at various pedestrian crossing locations (mid-blocks and uncontrolled intersections). Video graphic data was collected from four different pedestrian crossing locations and extracted the required data from videos manually. The multiple linear regression (MLR) technique was used to model the pedestrian gap acceptance behaviour by the vehicular gap size accepted by the pedestrians. MLR models reveal that the frequency of attempts significantly affects the PGA behaviour only in the case of mid-blocks whereas the frequency of disturbances significantly affects only in the case of intersections. The statistical results showed that the pedestrian road crossing behaviour depends on the type of crossing location also. The results can be used to analyse the pedestrian safety levels at various crossing locations.

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41

Guo, Hongwei, Facheng Zhao, Wuhong Wang, Yanlong Zhou, Yujie Zhang e Geert Wets. "Modeling the Perceptions and Preferences of Pedestrians on Crossing Facilities". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/949475.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrian’s street-crossing behaviour has a significant effect on traffic performance and safety. The crossing behaviour is determined by human factors and environmental factors. Aiming at examining the pedestrian perceptions toward crossing facilities and preferences for crossing locations, an observational study of pedestrian crossing behaviour at urban street is conducted. The perceptions and preferences of pedestrians are collected using stated preference technique. A specific questionnaire is designed to conduct the stated preference survey. A multinomial logit model is proposed to describe the perceptions and preferences of pedestrians on crossing facilities and locations. The sensitivity analysis is performed to discuss the influence of various factors on crossing behaviour. Then the relationship between crossing locations and crossing distances is analyzed by a new proposed method. With the theoretical analysis, the engineering solutions considering pedestrian behaviour are suggested. The results are helpful to design human-centered crossing facilities in urban traffic.

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42

Ankit Bansal, Tripta Goyal e Umesh Sharma. "Pedestrian Safety on Crosswalks in India - Need of the Hour". Journal on Today's Ideas - Tomorrow's Technologies 6, n. 1 (26 giugno 2018): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2018.61004.

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Abstract (sommario):

A paradigm shift has been observed from ‘moving of vehicles’ to ‘moving of persons’ while planning for transportation facilities in cities. Provision of integrated and barrier free pedestrian facilities is essential to ensure inclusive mobility. Pedestrian facilities are a critical component in producing a pedestrianfriendly environment. In India, the present facilities provided for the pedestrians are not efficient in general and crosswalks (zebra crossings) in particular. The pedestrian casualties in India have registered an increase of 11.7 percent in the year 2017, of which 31 percent have occurred on crosswalks. Therefore, an attempt has been made to overview the level of safety provided on the crosswalks. It has been found that majority of crosswalks are not fulfilling their intended purposes due to improper signage and markings, inadequate maintenance and bad surface condition. Another significant reason hampering the safety of pedestrians at crosswalks has been found to be inappropriate provision of guardrails and pedestrian refuge islands. Hence, some measures have been suggested to augment the pedestrian safety on the crosswalks.

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43

Bai, Zhong Hao, Zhi Peng Ding e Qiang Yan. "Study on the Method of Pedestrian Detection in Automobile Safety System". Advanced Materials Research 580 (ottobre 2012): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.580.118.

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Abstract (sommario):

In order to improve automobile active safety performance, and reduce the traffic accidents between pedestrians and vehicles, a pedestrian detection method combined with pedestrian contour features is proposed based on the combination of the reliable Adaboost and SVM. For the requirements of fast and accurate pedestrian detection system, ten types of haar-like features are given as the coarse features firstly, and which are trained through Adaboost cascade algorithm to ensure the system with a high detection speed. Then, the hog features of strong ability to distinguish pedestrians are selected as the fine features, and the pedestrian classifier is got by using SVM of different kernels to improve the detection accuracy. It is shown that the method has a higher detection rate and achieves a better detection effect.

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44

Yang, Hongtu, Hongdang Zhang, Fengjiao Zhang, Debao Xin e Jinyu Chen. "Analysis and study on an intelligent auxiliary control system for car comity pedestrians". E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124802013.

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Abstract (sommario):

An automobile intelligent auxiliary control system performance for comity pedestrians is analysed. For safety reasons, a car safety distance model which can distinguish pedestrians at the front zebra crossing line is proposed. The important features of the active protective comity pedestrian integrated control system are derived, which can accurately identify pedestrians or cyclists in front of you and distinguish safety behaviour characteristics. According to the system feedback, active protection measures are adopted. A control system based on the combination of infrared radar probe ranging system and image processing recognition system is studied. The innovative research on car avoiding pedestrians focuses on both the behaviour characteristics of the driver and the pedestrian. Dual protection of longitudinal anti-collision comity pedestrians and horizontal pedestrian protection early warning protection can be carried out through the system. The intelligent auxiliary control system is a control system that can ensure the safety of pedestrians at non-traffic signal intersections. The system embodies more intelligent and humane, and also provides innovative ideas for the research and development of new products.

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45

Matsui, Yasuhiro, e Shoko Oikawa. "Characteristics of Dangerous Scenarios between Vehicles Turning Right and Pedestrians under Left-Hand Traffic". Applied Sciences 13, n. 7 (25 marzo 2023): 4189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074189.

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Abstract (sommario):

Pedestrian deaths account for the highest percentage of fatality caused by traffic accidents in Japan. Increasing pedestrian safety is a key objective for reducing such deaths. For pedestrian fatality caused by vehicles at low speed, turning the vehicle toward the right was the most common behavior under left-hand traffic. Autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems for pedestrian safety have great potential to mitigate pedestrian injuries and fatalities in traffic accidents. However, pedestrian-AEB systems, especially for vehicles turning right, are still under development. This study identified the characteristics of dangerous traffic scenarios between vehicles turning right and pedestrians, focusing on two directions of pedestrian crossing: from the left to the right side (Left-Pedestrian) and from the right to the left side (Right-Pedestrian). The ego vehicle recorded near-miss incidents using a drive recorder. The results revealed that the Left-Pedestrian and Right-Pedestrian scenarios had different features for both the width of roads going to and through the intersection and the average of the travel speeds of the ego vehicles. They had similar characteristics in terms of the presence of other vehicle categories, but differences in the relationship of numbers and/or travel directions of other vehicles. The findings of this study will contribute to the development and evaluation of safety systems for preventing collisions between right-turning vehicles and pedestrians at intersections.

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46

Tarasov, Aleksandr Yur'evich, e Irina Anatol'evna Tarasova. "Some aspects of studying the interaction of pedestrians and drivers of vehicles". Вопросы безопасности, n. 3 (marzo 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.3.36553.

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Abstract (sommario):

The object of the research in this article is the social relations developing in the field of pedestrian safety. The subject of the study is statistical data on the state of road safety, methods and results of studies conducted to assess the safety of pedestrian traffic at regulated and unregulated pedestrian crossings. The authors study the results of recent studies of the influence of the nature of pedestrian traffic on the actions of drivers, since these variables reflect behavior ultimately associated with conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians. It was concluded that there is a strong correlation between the behavior of pedestrians and the behavior of the driver. As the main factors influencing the reduction of the probability of pedestrians passing by drivers, the high speed of traffic flow and the low possible speed of deceleration of vehicles in the flow are indicated. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of all the latest methods for assessing pedestrian safety has allowed us to identify a number of problems that need to be solved, first of all, to reduce pedestrian deaths on the roads. In each of the studies presented in the article, different data, variables and methods were used, there was no general approach, which currently does not allow us to clearly identify risk factors and, consequently, common methods that need to be developed and implemented.

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J.M.D.K, Hiruni, Weerakoon L.M.R, Weerasinghe T.R, Jayasinghe S.J.A.S.M.S, Jenny Krishara e Sanjeevi Chandrasiri. "Smart Crosswalk: Machine Learning and Image Processing based Pedestrian and Vehicle Monitoring System". International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications 14, n. 6 (29 novembre 2023): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijaia.2023.14603.

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Abstract (sommario):

The conventional pedestrian crossing system's shortcomings require urgent reform to enhance the safety of pedestrians and improve urban mobility. Issues such as insufficient time for pedestrians to cross, prolong waiting times, neglection of emergency vehicles, and the absence of effective 24/7 response mechanisms at traditional crosswalks present significant safety concerns in urban areas. Our primary intention is to develop a cutting-edge pedestrian crossing system that relies on deep learning and image processing technologies as its foundation. This research addresses to innovate an advanced smart crosswalk consisting of four essential components: a real-time Pedestrian Detection and Priority System customized for individuals with special needs, a responsive system for detecting road conditions, vehicle availability and speed near crosswalks, a real-time Emergency Vehicle Detection and Priority System strengthened by rigorous verification procedures, and a robust framework for identifying pedestrian accidents and violations of crosswalk rules. The entire system has been meticulously designed not only to enhance pedestrian safety by identifying potential dangers but also to optimize traffic flow. In essence, it aims to provide an improved pedestrian crossing experience characterized by increased safety and efficiency.

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48

Zhang, Hongjia, Yingshi Guo, Yunxing Chen, Qinyu Sun e Chang Wang. "Analysis of Pedestrian Street-Crossing Decision-Making Based on Vehicle Deceleration-Safety Gap". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 24 (10 dicembre 2020): 9247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249247.

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Abstract (sommario):

Numerous traffic crashes occur every year on zebra crossings in China. Pedestrians are vulnerable road users who are usually injured severely or fatally during human-vehicle collisions. The development of an effective pedestrian street-crossing decision-making model is essential to improving pedestrian street-crossing safety. For this purpose, this paper carried out a naturalistic field experiment to collect a large number of vehicle and pedestrian motion data. Through interviewed with many pedestrians, it is found that they pay more attention to whether the driver can safely brake the vehicle before reaching the zebra crossing. Therefore, this work established a novel decision-making model based on the vehicle deceleration-safety gap (VD-SGM). The deceleration threshold of VD-SGM was determined based on signal detection theory (SDT). To verify the performance of VD-SGM proposed in this work, the model was compared with the Raff model. The results show that the VD-SGM performs better and the false alarm rate is lower. The VD-SGM proposed in this work is of great significance to improve pedestrians’ safety. Meanwhile, the model can also increase the efficiency of autonomous vehicles.

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49

Kumfer, Wesley, Libby Thomas, Laura Sandt e Bo Lan. "Midblock Pedestrian Crash Predictions in a Systemic, Risk-Based Pedestrian Safety Process". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n. 11 (14 giugno 2019): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119847976.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although pedestrian fatalities and injuries in the United States decreased for decades at a rate similar to vehicule occupant fatalities, recent years have seen substantial increases in the pedestrian fatality counts and rate. Most concerning is that the growth in pedestrian fatalities seems to be outstripping any gains in safety. There may be many contributing factors to these increases, including changes in population dynamics, vehicular design, and travel trends, but under more traditional, crash-focused roadway safety management practices, systemic risk patterns are difficult to discern and address. Moreover, locations of risk for pedestrians may be overlooked because important, network-level data types are not collected or analyzed, and pedestrian crashes are often relatively infrequent at specific locations. This paper presents the results of efforts to develop the data profile and analysis methods for a risk-based, systemic pedestrian safety approach. Using 8 years of segment data from the entire street network of the city of Seattle, the research team developed safety performance functions for two types of collision between motor vehicles and pedestrians. These predictive models were used, in conjunction with identified risk factors and countermeasures effectiveness data, to develop a systemic screening tool to identify sites that may benefit from treatment. The end goal of this research is a framework that allows practitioners to identify and prioritize locations within a jurisdiction that are risky for pedestrians and to identify and implement effective, appropriate treatments at many such locations.

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Ptak, Mariusz. "PEDESTRIAN SAFETY: A NEW METHOD TO ASSESS PEDESTRIAN KINEMATICS". Transport 34, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7081.

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Abstract (sommario):

The progress in pedestrian safety enhancement is the result of multi-stage work, which is based mainly on the vehicle enhancement and appropriate traffic organization. However, the full separation of vehicle traffic and pedestrians seem to be impossible nowadays. The paper presents a new method for assessing the influence of vehicle structural components on pedestrian kinematics. An integral part of the method is the relationship, named as the k parameter, which can determinate the geometric property of the pedestrian body movement (kinematics) after a collision. The development of the new algorithm is the answer to the problem of assessing the risk posed by the impact of the vehicle with a high bumper/bonnet reference line (e.g. a Sport Utility Vehicle – SUV) on a pedestrian. The presented method can be a useful engineering tool to assess the safety of vehicles, both brand-new and used. The developed test system binds together a new defined kinematic criterion as well as the existing biomechanical criteria (the assessment of vehicles using pedestrian impactors). The presented method was verified on a compact vehicle and a SUV.

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