Articoli di riviste: "Pecten maximus – Toxicologie"

1

Stone, H. C., S. B. Wilson e J. Overnell. "Cadmium-Binding Proteins in the Scallop Pecten maximus". Environmental Health Perspectives 65 (marzo 1986): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3430179.

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Stone, H. C., S. B. Wilson e J. Overnell. "Cadmium-binding proteins in the scallop Pecten maximus." Environmental Health Perspectives 65 (marzo 1986): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8665189.

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Blanco, Juan, Ángeles Moroño, Fabiola Arévalo, Jorge Correa, Covadonga Salgado, Araceli E. Rossignoli e J. Pablo Lamas. "Twenty-Five Years of Domoic Acid Monitoring in Galicia (NW Spain): Spatial, Temporal and Interspecific Variations". Toxins 13, n. 11 (25 ottobre 2021): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110756.

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Prevalence, impact on shellfish resources and interspecific, spatial, and temporal variabilities of domoic acid (DA) in bivalves from Galicia (NW Spain) have been studied based on more than 25 years of monitoring data. The maximum prevalence (samples in which DA was detected) (100%) and incidence (samples with DA levels above the regulatory limit) (97.4%) were recorded in Pecten maximus, and the minimum ones in Mytilus galloprovincialis (12.6 and 1.1%, respectively). The maximum DA concentrations were 663.9 mg kg−1 in P. maximus and 316 mg kg−1 in Venerupis corrugata. After excluding scallop P. maximus data, DA was found (prevalence) in 13.3% of bivalve samples, with 1.3% being over the regulatory limit. In general, the prevalence of this toxin decreased towards the North but not the magnitude of its episodes. The seasonal distribution was characterized by two maxima, in spring and autumn, with the later decreasing in intensity towards the north. DA levels decreased slightly over the studied period, although this decreasing trend was not linear. A cyclic pattern was observed in the interannual variability, with cycles of 4 and 11 years. Intoxication and detoxification rates were slower than those expected from laboratory experiments, suggesting the supply of DA during these phases plays an important role.

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Turner, Andrew D., Adam M. Lewis, Robert G. Hatfield, Angus W. Galloway e Wendy A. Higman. "Transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in Crassostrea gigas and Pecten maximus reference materials". Toxicon 60, n. 6 (novembre 2012): 1117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.013.

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Blanco, Juan, Aida Mauríz e Gonzalo Álvarez. "Distribution of Domoic Acid in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop Pecten maximus". Toxins 12, n. 6 (4 giugno 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060371.

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The king scallop Pecten maximus retains the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, domoic acid (DA), for a long time. Most of the toxin is accumulated in the digestive gland, but this organ contains several cell types whose contribution to the accumulation of the toxin is unknown. Determining the time-course of the depuration by analyzing whole organs is difficult because the inter-individual variability is high. A sampling method, using biopsies of the digestive gland, has been developed. This method allows for repetitive sampling of the same scallop, but the representativeness of the samples obtained in this way needs to be validated. In this work, we found that the distribution of DA in the digestive gland of the scallops is mostly homogeneous. Only the area closest to the gonad, and especially its outer portion, had a lower concentration than the other ones, probably due to a transfer of the toxin to the intestinal loop. Samples obtained by biopsies can therefore be considered to be representative. Most of the toxin was accumulated in large cells (mostly digestive cells), which could be due to differences during the toxin absorption or to the preferential depuration of the toxin from the small cells (mostly secretory).

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LIU, H., M. KELLY, D. CAMPBELL, S. DONG, J. ZHU e S. WANG. "Exposure to domoic acid affects larval development of king scallop Pecten maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)". Aquatic Toxicology 81, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2007): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.11.012.

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Ventoso, Pablo, Antonio J. Pazos, Juan Blanco, M. Luz Pérez-Parallé, Juan C. Triviño e José L. Sánchez. "Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) After the Injection of Domoic Acid". Toxins 13, n. 5 (7 maggio 2021): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050339.

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Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, signal transduction, immune system process, RNA metabolic process, and autophagy, while networks obtained with the down-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as response to stress, immune system process, ribosome biogenesis, signal transduction, and mRNA processing. Genes that code for cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferase theta-1, glutamine synthase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, and sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 were among the up-regulated genes. Therefore, a stress response at the level of gene expression, that could be caused by the domoic acid injection, was evidenced by the alteration of several biological, cellular, and molecular processes.

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Metian, M., M. Warnau, R. P. Cosson, F. Oberhänsli e P. Bustamante. "Bioaccumulation and detoxification processes of Hg in the king scallop Pecten maximus: Field and laboratory investigations". Aquatic Toxicology 90, n. 3 (novembre 2008): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.08.014.

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Braña Magdalena, A., M. Lehane, C. Moroney, A. Furey e K. J. James. "Food safety implications of the distribution of azaspiracids in the tissue compartments of scallops (Pecten maximus)". Food Additives & Contaminants 20, n. 2 (febbraio 2003): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0265203021000050275.

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Deshmukh, V., J. Deshpande e M. Wani. "Elicitation based enhancement of solasodine production in in-vitro cultures of different Solanum species". Journal of Environmental Biology 44, n. 2 (13 marzo 2023): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/2/mrn-4011.

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Aim: To study the enhancement of solasodine content using elicitors such as NaCl, pectin, salicylic acid and yeast extract in cell suspension cultures of Solanum incanum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum surattense and Solanum villosum. Methodology: In-vitro callus induction from leaf explants was carried out on MS media supplemented with auxin, 2, 4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.0 mg l-1). MS liquid medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (2.0 mg l-1) and varied concentrations of different elicitors were used for cell suspension culture. Results: The elicitor NaCl (150 mM) indicated maximum increment in solasodine production in three Solanum species studied. Salicylic acid with 75 μM resulted in considerable elevation in solasodine content in Solanum spp. Response to elicitation by pectin was high at different concentrations for different species of Solanum. Biotic elicitor yeast extract at 3.0 g l-1 concentration considerably increased solasodine production in S. nigrum and S. villosum. Solanum villosum exhibited best results in terms of solasodine concentration enhancement in response to pectin and yeast extract elicitors whereas Solanum incanum responded best to pectin followed by NaCl. Interpretation: The current results indicated that NaCl, pectin, salicylic acid and yeast extract can be effectively applied as influential elicitors for the enhancing the production of solasodine in cell suspension culture of different Solanum species. Key words: Callus, Cell suspension culture, Elicitors, Solanum, Solasodine, Steroidal alkaloids

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Silitonga, Friska Septiani, D. Siswanta, Mudasir e K. Gurning. "OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN/PECTIN POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEX USING GLUTARALDEHYDE-CROSSLINKED AS METHYLENE BLUE ABSORBENT". RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, n. 03 (2022): 1938–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1536917.

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This study aimed to make a crosslinked chitosan/pectin membrane with glutaraldehyde under conditions of time, pH, and maximum concentration in the adsorption of methylene blue. The first step was to synthesize the chitosan-pectin polyelectrolyte complex membrane which was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde by dissolving pectin in distilled water, then combining chitosan in acetic acid and adding glutaraldehyde and evaporated at 70°C. The second step is to characterize the synthesized membrane using FTIR, and determine the optimum contact time, optimum pH, and maximum concentration of methylene blue in adsorption. The results showed that the optimum mass ratio of 10% glutaraldehyde crosslinked polyelectrolyte membranes of 10% glutaraldehyde at the optimum contact time to adsorb methylene blue was 40 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 7,125 mg/g; The optimum pH is 6; the maximum adsorption concentration of methylene blue was 100 mg/L with the maximum adsorption capacity being 40.244 mg/g and following the Langmuir isotherm, the equilibrium constant (K) was 1.42 × 104 L/mol.

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12

Friocourt, M. P., G. Bodennec e F. Berthou. "Determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in scallops (Pecten maximus) by UV fluorescence and HPLC combined with UV and fluorescence detectors". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 34, n. 1 (dicembre 1985): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01609728.

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13

Mauriz, Aida, e Juan Blanco. "Distribution and linkage of domoic acid (amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins) in subcellular fractions of the digestive gland of the scallop Pecten maximus". Toxicon 55, n. 2-3 (febbraio 2010): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.017.

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Metian, Marc, Michel Warnau, Jean-Louis Teyssié e Paco Bustamante. "Characterization of 241Am and 134Cs bioaccumulation in the king scallop Pecten maximus: investigation via three exposure pathways". Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 102, n. 6 (giugno 2011): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.02.008.

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15

Sauvey, Aurore, Françoise Denis, Hélène Hégaret, Bertrand Le Roy, Christophe Lelong, Orianne Jolly, Marie Pavie e Juliette Fauchot. "Interactions between Filter-Feeding Bivalves and Toxic Diatoms: Influence on the Feeding Behavior of Crassostrea gigas and Pecten maximus and on Toxin Production by Pseudo-nitzschia". Toxins 13, n. 8 (19 agosto 2021): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080577.

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Among Pseudo-nitzschia species, some produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a source of serious health problems for marine organisms. Filter-feeding organisms—e.g., bivalves feeding on toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia spp.—are the main vector of DA in humans. However, little is known about the interactions between bivalves and Pseudo-nitzschia. In this study, we examined the interactions between two juvenile bivalve species—oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and scallop (Pecten maximus)—and two toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species—P. australis and P. fraudulenta. We characterized the influence of (1) diet composition and the Pseudo-nitzschia DA content on the feeding rates of oysters and scallops, and (2) the presence of bivalves on Pseudo-nitzschia toxin production. Both bivalve species fed on P. australis and P. fraudulenta. However, they preferentially filtered the non-toxic Isochrysis galbana compared to Pseudo-nitzschia. The presence of the most toxic P. australis species resulted in a decreased clearance rate in C. gigas. The two bivalve species accumulated DA in their tissues (up to 0.35 × 10−3 and 5.1 × 10−3 µg g−1 for C. gigas and P. maximus, respectively). Most importantly, the presence of bivalves induced an increase in the cellular DA contents of both Pseudo-nitzschia species (up to 58-fold in P. fraudulenta in the presence of C. gigas). This is the first evidence of DA production by Pseudo-nitzschia species stimulated in the presence of filter-feeding bivalves. The results of this study highlight complex interactions that can influence toxin production by Pseudo-nitzschia and accumulation in bivalves. These results will help to better understand the biotic factors that drive DA production by Pseudo-nitzschia and bivalve contamination during Pseudo-nitzschia blooms.

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Julshamn, Kaare, Arne Duinker, Sylvia Frantzen, Lise Torkildsen e Amund Maage. "Organ Distribution and Food Safety Aspects of Cadmium and Lead in Great Scallops, Pecten maximus L., and Horse Mussels, Modiolus modiolus L., from Norwegian Waters". Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 80, n. 4 (3 marzo 2008): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-008-9377-x.

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Amponsah, Seth Kwabena, Simon Yeboah, Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia, Benoit Banga N’guessan e Ofosua Adi-Dako. "A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Pectin-Based Oral Multiparticulate Matrix Carrier of Carbamazepine". Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (3 luglio 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527452.

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Background. Carbamazepine is a drug used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. However, due to its erratic absorption, oral bioavailability is often poor. There is, therefore, the need to develop alternative formulations for carbamazepine with better pharmacokinetic characteristics. Aim. The aim of this study was to formulate an oral modified-release multiparticulate matrix of carbamazepine from cocoa pod husk (CPH) pectin and evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of this formulation using in vitro and in vivo models. Methods. CPH pectin was extracted from cocoa pod husks with hot aqueous and citric acid solutions. Oral multiparticulate carbamazepine matrices were formulated from CPH pectin cross-linked with calcium. The formulation was evaluated for carbamazepine content and release profile in vitro. For in vivo pharmacokinetic profile estimation, rats were put into 4 groups of 5 animals each to receive carbamazepine multiparticulate matrix formulations A and B, carbamazepine powder, and Tegretol CR®. Animals in each group received 200 mg/kg of each drug via the oral route. Maximum plasma concentration C max , area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), elimination rate constant K e , and terminal half-life t 1 / 2 of the formulations were estimated by noncompartmental analysis. Results. The pectin extraction from fresh cocoa pod husks using hot aqueous and citric acid solutions gave pectin yields of 9.63% and 11.54%, respectively. The drug content of carbamazepine in CPH pectin formulations A and B was 95% and 96%, respectively. There was controlled and sustained release of carbamazepine for both formulations A and B in vitro. AUC0⟶36 (176.20 ± 7.97 µg.h/mL), C max (8.45 ± 0.71 μg/mL), T max (12 ± 1.28 h), and t 1 / 2 (13.75 ± 3.28 h) of formulation A showed a moderately enhanced and comparable pharmacokinetic profile to Tegretol CR® (AUC0⟶36: 155 ± 7.15 µg.h/mL, C max : 8.24 ± 0.45 μg/mL, T max : 8.0 ± 2.23 h, and t 1 / 2 : 13.51 ± 2.87 h). Conclusion. Findings from the study suggest that formulations of CPH pectin had the potential to control and maintain therapeutic concentrations of carbamazepine in circulation over a period of time in the rat model.

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Le Pennec, Gaël, e Marcel Le Pennec. "Induction of glutathione-S-transferases in primary cultured digestive gland acini from the mollusk bivalve Pecten maximus (L.): application of a new cellular model in biomonitoring studies". Aquatic Toxicology 64, n. 2 (luglio 2003): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-445x(03)00041-9.

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Garnova, Natalya, Alla Filippova, Mikhail Kasatkin e Yuliya Tikhonova. "Biologically active substances in the aboveground part of three Stellaria speciesx". Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 29 luglio 2022, 3153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00527.

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The phytochemical screening of potentially efficient medicinal herbs is one of the current focus areas of modern pharmacochemistry. This work aims to analyze the phytochemical composition of the aboveground parts in three Stellaria species (S. bungeana, S. graminea, S. holostea). The study was conducted between May and July 2020 in the Moscow region of the Russian Federation. Yield values for raw herbal materials and density of stitchwort samples per 1 m2 (154 sites in total) were recorded, followed by a phytochemical analysis of the dry mass by chromatography. The maximum yield of S. bungeana was established to be 1.5 times higher than in two other species (p ≤ 0.05). In S. graminea, the maximum pectin concentration was 12 times higher than in S. holostea (p ≤ 0.001) and 0.5 times higher than in S. bungeana (p ≤ 0.05). The number of polysaccharides in S. bungeana was 14 times higher than in S. graminea (p ≤ 0.001) and two higher than in S. holostea (p ≤ 0.05). Hemicellulose content of S. bungeana extract was twice as high as that of other species (p ≤ 0.05). Tannins in S. graminea were found two times more often than in S. holostea (p ≤ 0.05) and eight times more often in S. bungeana (p ≤ 0.01). Vitamin C content in S. graminea was two times greater than in the other two stitchwort species (p ≤ 0.05). Stitchwort is a common, widespread plant that makes it easy to collect without harming plant communities. Biologically active substances (polysaccharides, vitamin C, tannins, and pectins) were found in the composition of all stitchwort species with a preventive and therapeutic effect on the human body. The concentration of tannins and vitamin C is maximal in S. graminea extract, amounting to 2.6% and 45.9%, accordingly. The extract from S. bungeana contains a lot of hemicellulose (13.2%) and polysaccharides (7.2%). No high concentration of these substances was recorded in S. holostea, which makes this species the least pharmaceutically valuable. S. graminea and S. bungeana plants can be recommended for pharmaceutical processing due to the high concentrations of vitamin C, pectins, tannins, polysaccharides, and hemicellulose.

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Kamini, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Monika Sachdeva, Pankaj Budhlakoti e Nemai Chandra Ghosh. "Effective Topical Psoralen Herbal Hydrogel Expending Capsaicin as a Penetration Enhancer". Current Drug Therapy 17 (11 agosto 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885517666220811112147.

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Background: This research aims to prepare a hydrogel of psoralen and capsaicin extract for topical application using various gelling agents like Carbopol 940, HPMC, Pluronic 127, and Pectin to minimize the side effect of synthetic drugs in treating psoriasis. Natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic polymers were utilized for the treatment of psoriasis provide a number of benefits, including improved skin permeability, particularly for psoralen, and improved drug stability with improved therapeutic concentration gradients across the skin. Psoriasis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting 2-3 % worldwide. Methods: FTIR and HPLC confirm the extract identification. pH, spreadability, homogeneity, extrudability, phase separation, viscosity, drug content, and stability analysis are all tested on all prepared hydrogels. The releases of psoralen from all prepared formulations are studied in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 using dialysis membranes at 37oC. Results: The net results conclude that hydrogels made using Carbopol-940 and HPMC (A1, A3, B2, B3) are the most superior and reliable formulations in terms of physicochemical parameters and in vitro permeation studies, out of which 1% carbopol 940 formulations (A3) showed maximum %CDR of 87.96 % much higher compared to other concentration used. Fitting data of the best formulations (A1, A3, B2, B3) obtained from in vitro drug permeation studies showed the release best fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model as indicated by higher R2 value. The optimum formulation (A3) has a higher R2 value, which is then compared with the marketed formulation for the release of psoralen (in vitro), showings that %CDR of A3 formulation (87.96%) is much higher than the %CDR of the marketed formulation (79.58%), due to the impact of capsaicin which acts as a penetration enhancer and therefore increases psoralen release from the hydrogel. Conclusion: As a result, the permeability issue with Psoralen for dermal drug administration has been overcome by using capsaicin as permeability enhancer.

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pecten maximus – Toxicologie"

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