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1
Bennett, Leanne. "The origins of the peasant agitation in Oudh, the awakening of the peasants?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0001/MQ39931.pdf.
Testo completo
2
Teh, Hashim Haji Wan. "Peasants under peripheral capitalism". Bangi : Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25748506.html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Revision of the author's Thesis (doctoral)--University of Manchester, 1982."Issued under the auspices of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore." Includes bibliographical references (p. [199]-205).
3
La, Serna Miguel. "The corner of the living local power relations and indigenous perceptions in Ayacucho, Peru, 1940-1983 /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3307109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 3, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 397-409).
4
Mikhail, Reem Saad. "Peasants' perception of recent Egyptian history". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359706.
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5
Hilmi, Angela. "Peasants & nature. The role of peasants in opening up a range of opportunities for future generations". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34788.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research is about peasants and nature. The aim is to study the way in which peasant
farming1
opens up a range of opportunities for future generations. The scope is global,
including both Global South and Global North.
The following questions have guided this research:
i. Are peasants disappearing or increasing and where?
ii. What are the values they create in relation to nature?
iii. Which approach could facilitate a shift towards a more peasant way of farming?
To answer these questions we have used a methodology based on literature reviews,
analysis of world data and statistics, interviews, field enquiries, case study analysis,
lessons learned and identification of knowledge gaps. The increased relevance of the
characteristics of peasant farming to contemporary challenges, and the fact that it has
received little attention in the past, makes it a unique ground for further research. It is
hoped that this work will bring some contribution to the creation of innovative support
mechanisms including financial, legal and technical tools and instruments, and to the
design and implementation of postmodern policy approaches in support of the peasant
way of farming.
The thesis is divided into four sections progressively building upon the results of each
other. It includes an introduction, a discussion of results and a conclusion. Elements of
this research have been published in two books, translated in four languages, with
updated reprinted version, one of which launched at the 2012 UN Conference on
Sustainable Development- Rio+20, and at the People¿s Summit. Both books have been
distributed to countries as well as to different agriculture and development ministries in
Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. They have also been distributed to
world development networks and to international agricultural conferences and events.
This research has been the basis for the creation of an international pro-peasant platform
engaged in the development of specific tools and instruments dedicated to peasant
farming.Hilmi, A. (2013). Peasants & nature. The role of peasants in opening up a range of opportunities for future generations [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34788
TESIS
6
Kowalchuk, Lisa. "In the eye of the beholder politics and perception in the Salvadorean peasant movement /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59144.pdf.
Testo completo
7
Yuan, Chun. "The end of peasants' poverty in China". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-77281.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Economic growth alone may not solve the problem of poverty. Our behavioral analyses reveal that human capital is one of the key forces of reducing poverty and promoting economic growth. However, one's human capital accumulation is restricted by his personal lifetime funds. Then the efficiency of national funds allocation in China is investigated. Results show that an equal allocation of national funds should be adopted by Chinese government, with which the economy can develop in a way both fast and just.
8
Fleming, Deborah Diane. "The Irish peasant in the work of W.B. Yeats and J.M. Synge /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262825077996.
Testo completo
9
Arias, Garcia Freddy. "Risk assessment of adopting agroforestry in a peasant economy : the Hondurian case /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9713216.
Testo completo
10
Rudqvist, Anders. "Peasant struggle and action research in Colombia". Uppsala, Sweden : Dept. of Sociology, Uppsala University, 1986. http://books.google.com/books?id=GvMsAAAAMAAJ.
Testo completo
11
Grey, C. A. "Peasants, patronage and taxation c.280-c.480". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599701.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relations between aristocratic landowners and agriculturalists in the late Roman period were part of systems of vertical alliance that were fluid, ambiguous and flexible. This thesis moves beyond theories of Patrocinium and the 'colonate of the late Roman Empire' to reconstruct those alliance systems. Three basic types of vertical interaction in rural contexts may be identified: tenancy, patronage and slavery. Peasants also interacted with aristocratic landowners in relations of casual or periodic labour, estate management and legal agency. It is argued that patronage for the purposes of tax evasion and registered tenancy were merely elements in these systems of vertical alliance. Chapter 1 addresses the attitudes of late Roman legislators and authors to patronage and registered tenancy through the language they employed in describing these phenomena. It will be demonstrated that these concepts continued to be analytically fluid, and did not crystallise into the institutions that have been labelled Patrocinium and the 'colonate' in the historiographical literature. In Chapter 2, late Roman rural labour relations are explored. It is argued that the analytical distinctions between the three categories of vertical alliance identified above mask a reality of blurred boundaries and elision of various relationships of dependence. In Chapter 3, those systems of vertical alliance are further contextualised within the social and economic world of the fourth and fifth centuries. It is argued that that world was characterised by 'landscapes of diversity', within which particular systems of interaction between peasants and aristocrats were necessarily adaptable and disparate. Those systems of interaction complemented and competed with patterns of horizontal organisation within individual rural communities, and between communities. It is upon these patterns of competition and complementarity that the tax system of the late Roman period was imposed in the late third century. Chapter 4 focuses upon the tax system, and the elements of it that contributed to the high visibility of structures of rural social organisation in the period.
12
程雲峰 e Wan-fung Ching. "The images of peasants in modern Chinese fiction". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209166.
Testo completo
13
Ryland, Glen Peter. "Peasant radicalism in early nineteenth century Norway: the case of Hans Nielsen Hauge (1771-1824) /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2407.
Testo completo
14
Hine, James A. H. S. "Peasants, politics and agrarian transition in the eastern Amazon : a case study of peasant organisation and the Poligono das Castanhais". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334028.
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15
Malekano, Lawrence A. B. "Peasants, politics and survival in colonial Malawi, 1891-1964". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0017/NQ49280.pdf.
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16
Ham, Si Yeong. "Thomas Muentzer and the German Peasants' War of 1525". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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17
Axelsson, Tobias. "Peasants and policymakers : agricultural transformation in Java under Suharto /". Lund : Lund University, 2008. http://www.niaslinc.dk/gateway_to_asia/nordic_webpublications/x506044164.pdf.
Testo completo
18
Rato, Montira. "Peasants and the countryside in post-1975 Vietnamese literature". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28717/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Work on peasants and the countryside was a main corpus of twentieth-century Vietnamese literature. As a part of a mass mobilisation for the construction of a Socialist agricultural model and military struggles against foreign troops, the representation of peasants and the countryside in Vietnamese literature prior to 1975 was closely related to political agendas. This thesis seeks to explore the changes and continuities in stories about peasants and the countryside in post-1975 Vietnamese literature. The socio-political changes since the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, and a greater freedom of expression granted during the Renovation period in the mid-1980s, are significant to the development of Vietnamese literary life in general, and the representation of peasants and the countryside in particular. It is proposed in this thesis that there are, together with socio-political changes in the post-war period, four major factors that account for changes in the way peasants and the countryside have been portrayed in post-1975 Vietnamese literature: the decline of Socialist Realism; the reinterpretation of collectivism and individualism; the transformation of literary generations from urban-based/middle-class to peasant-originated authors; and the socio-political disillusionment in post-war society. As a result of the changes, peasants and rural life began to be explored and represented from new perspectives. Writers began to depict peasants as individuals, not merely faceless masses, as portrayed in wartime literature. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first explores how peasants and the countryside were represented in Vietnamese literature prior to the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. The second chapter examines the sociopolitical context of the post-war society and its relation to changes and continuities of the representation of peasants and the countryside in post-1975 literature. The third chapter is about the portrayal of peasant women. The fourth chapter discusses how the conflict between the city and the countryside is articulated. The final chapter presents how the land reform programme is remembered in literary works.
19
Yuan, Chun [Verfasser], Arnis [Akademischer Betreuer] Vilks e Jianzu [Akademischer Betreuer] Wu. "The end of peasants' poverty in China : a study on peasants' poverty, peasants' economic behavior, and the efficiency of national funds allocation in China / Chun Yuan. Gutachter: Arnis Vilks ; Jianzu Wu. Betreuer: Arnis Vilks ; Jianzu Wu". Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1054421811/34.
Testo completo
20
Darbellay, Alina Maria Anna. "Rural-urban interactions in North Chuquisaca, Bolivia : flow of goods, relational exchange and power relations". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294182.
Testo completo
21
Lima, Ayres Deborah de Magalhaes. "The social category 'caboclo' : history, social organisation, identity and outsider's social (Solimoes) classification of the rural population of an Amazonian region (the Middle Solimoes)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272972.
Testo completo
22
Cho, Myoung-Woo. "Regional peasant social and religious structures and differential rates of social change in rural colonial Korea /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8916.
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23
Chen, Szu-Chi. "Peasants and morality : intellectual repositioning in relation to the peasants in the post-Mao era in the works of Zhang Wei and Yan Lianke". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597546.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on intellectual self-repositioning after the end of Mao’s regime. By examining the literary works of two eminent contemporary writers, Zhang Wei (1956 -) and Yank Lianke (1958), this study shows the complicated process of defining and re-defining the meaning of “intellectual” in the context of the drastic social and economic transformation that took place since China opened itself to the world. Since positing one’s own identity necessitates comparing oneself with another well defined group, in my study I use peasants as this balancing group because, historically, intellectuals (or literati) and peasants are intimately associated. Without the existence of peasants, the traditionally defined intellectual would have no significance. Zhang Wei and Yan Lianke are two Chinese writers who for decades have consistently concerned themselves with and written about peasants, and have paid close attention to political and intellectual trends. Therefore, to a great degree, their literary works trace the various stages undergone by contemporary intellectuals in their struggle for self-identity/definition and recognition of their new social role. This research employs close reading, intertwined with narratology, and new historicism, to explain and discuss the stories. The high moral qualities conventionally attributed to Chinese peasants, as well as the intellectual’s sense of mission are two focal points of this study. Expanding these two themes, the ideal nation of living community, otherwise referred to as utopia, is discursively discussed. This study demonstrates how these two writers mine different sources of moral values from primitive energy, Chinese legends, Confucianism, Taoism or historical figures in order to construct their textual utopia. This concern for moral quality also develops into a discussion of a controversial element in the image of peasants; their numbness. This study elucidates how these two writers treat this topic in their narratives, and their different attitudes when encountering the contradictory qualities of peasants.
24
O'Rourke, Shane. "Warriors and peasants : the contradictions of Cossack culture 1861-1914". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295965.
Testo completo
25
Mayblin, Maya Miranda. "Marriage, knowledge, and morality among Catholic peasants in northeast Brazil". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1823/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is an ethnographic study of marriage, religious practice, and concepts of morality among a group of peasant farmers in Northeast Brazil. It investigates how, over the individual life-course, concepts of moral accountability develop and change, and how people negotiate such changes through specific discourses on labour and suffering. Such discourses stem from a particularised Catholic ideology which grows out of the social and economic history of the region. The existential problem of living both morally and productively in the world manifests itself most explicitly in local understandings of marriage; revealing a perceived tension between the states of innocence and knowledge. The thesis shows how this tension feeds into a heightened concern over the various stages of transformation in a person's life, particularly the transformation from childhood to adolescence. Tied to such transformation is concern about the correct moral management of knowledge, which is founded upon the gendered performance of sacrifice. However, it emphasises that the passage from innocence to knowledge is as fraught and inevitable for men as it is for women, and that while men's and women's physical expressions of this problem differ, they are ultimately bound and shaped by the same moral dilemmas. Thus the thesis argues that while the analysis of gender difference is an important task, it should not obscure local understandings of the relationship between the sexes that downplay concepts of difference while emphasising the basic similarity of moral concerns. In this way, the thesis offers a contrast to much of the literature on Catholic and Orthodox peasantries that has made gender difference the central focus and defining trope in understanding marriage, religious practice, and concepts of morality.
26
Cruz, Manuel de Jesus Masulo da. "Territorialização componesa na várzea da Amazônia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-03122007-112229/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Esta tese analisa as transformações territoriais ocorridas na produção camponesa nas áreas de várzea, nas últimas décadas, decorrentes da expansão capitalista na Amazônia. A área da pesquisa compreende um trecho do baixo rio Solimões, no município de Manacapuru, no estado do Amazonas, onde foram selecionadas três localidades: Costa do Pesqueiro, Costa do Arapapá e Lago São Lourenço. Para compreender os camponeses-ribeirinhos na várzea amazônica, partese do pressuposto de que é necessário observá-los no interior do desenvolvimento capitalista no campo, fundamentado no processo de monopolização do território, na qual o capital contraditoriamente monopoliza o território sem, contudo, territorializar-se. Isto significa que o capitalismo se expande de forma contraditória, ou seja, não expropria os camponeses, porém, os transforma e efetua a metamorfose da renda da terra em capital. Este estudo procura entender como a expansão do capitalismo gerou profundas transformações nas relações dos camponeses-ribeirinhos com as diferentes territorialidades que configuram seu modo de vida. Essas territorialidades foram definidas em agropastoris, aquáticas e florestais. A primeira se refere ao uso da terra na várzea amazônica, na qual são discutidas as diferentes formas de ocupação familiar da terra, tanto as existentes quanto as acrescidas. Outra preocupação é discutir as formas de uso comum da terra. A segunda trata do uso da água no que se refere às atividades haliêuticas e está dividida no uso do ambiente lago, utilizado de forma comum e no uso do ambiente rio, no caso o rio Solimões, onde as águas são de aceso livre e de uso comum. A terceira está pautada no uso da floresta, em que são analisadas as diferentes formas de territorialidades florestais.This thesis analyses the territorial changes in the campestral production in the holm area, in the cast decades, resulting from the capitalist expansion in Amazonia. The research area includes a stretch of the low-river Solimões, in Manacapuru town in Amazonas state, where selected: Costa do Pesqueiro, Costa do Arapapá and São Lourenço Lake. To understand the \"camponeses-ribeirinhos\" in amazonian holm, we begin with the presupposition that is necessary to observ them inside the capitalist development in the countryside, grounded in the process of territory monopolization in which the money contradictorily monopolizes the territory without territorializine it. It means that the capitalism increases in a contradictory way; it does not expropriate the peasants, but changes them and stimulates the transformation of the land gains into money. This study tries to understand how the expansion of the capitalism created deep changes in the relations of the \"camponeses-ribeirinhos\" with different territorialities that configures their way of life. These territorialities were defined in \"agropastoris\", aquatic forestal. The first one refers to the use of the land in the amazonian holms, where different forms of familiar occupation are treated. Concerning as the existing ones as the new ones. Another preoccupation is to discuss the forms of common use of the land. The second one is associated to the use of the water related to the halieutic activities and it is divided into the use of the lake environment used as common way and the use of the river environment, as in the Solimões case, where the waters are of free access and of common use. The third one is associated with the use of the forest, in which the different forms of the forestall territorialities are analysed.
27
Henin, Bernard Henry. "Transformation of Vietnam's upland farming societies under market reform". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/NQ40455.pdf.
Testo completo
28
Soto, Laveaga Gabriela. "Root of discord : steroid hormones, a wild yam, peasants and state formation in Mexico (1941-1986) /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3023452.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001.Vita. Accompanying videorecording (14 min. : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.) has title: Barbasco, la raíz de la discordia. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 248-266).
29
Grabner, Rachel M. "The Lives of Suburban Peasants: Agricultural Change and Mobility in Haiti". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6849.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation develops a political ecology of suburban peasants to describe the lives of Haitian farmers residing in a neighborhood on the margins of Port-au-Prince. The category of suburban peasants has been well described for Chinese small-scale farmers but has yet to be applied elsewhere as an analytic category. Using participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and in-depth, key informant interviews, an ethnographic account is provided of changes in agricultural practices made by Haitian peasants as a result of environmental changes that impact their ability to make a living in contemporary Haiti. Farmers’ primary concerns are related to an increased need for agrochemicals because of declining soil fertility, but increased fertilizer prices make this a significant barrier to their economic activities. In addition, the influx of non-Haitians into the neighborhood has resulted in less available land to farm. In many cases worldwide, these two challenges have led to out-migration patterns, either within-country rural-urban migration or to another country altogether. Yet, in the study site this is not happening. The changes in agricultural practices that the Dounet peasants have made, like changing to wage-based labor and occupational multiplicity, have also created greater poverty, in which they are more vulnerable to the risks associated with environmental change while at the same time rendered immobile in the face of future extreme environmental events. This study uses the suburban peasant concept to explore how environmental changes simultaneously intersect with urbanization processes like the enclosure of land and changes in rural land use.
30
Dermineur, Elise. "Female peasants, patriarchy, and the credit market in eighteenth-century France". Purdue University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64291.
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31
Baba-Ahmed, H. "Peasants, merchant capital and the state : Colonial Northern Nigeria, 1900-1939". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374450.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the nature of the transformations engendered under the impact of the demands of the state and European merchants' . capital within the colonial political economy of Northern Nigeria until 1939. It examines, in'particular, the effect 'of these transformations upon three groups: the peasantry, the merchant class and the aristocracy. It is placed within the current debate on the nature and impact of European capital, operating within an imperial framework, on the political economy of colonies. It seeks to analyse the dialectical effect of the intercourse of European merchants' capital with peasant producers, indigenous merchant and an indigenous ruling class incorporated within the colonial system of administration. Beginning with an examination of the basic pre-colonial economic structures (peasant and slave agriculture, long-distance and internal trade and manufacture) it analyses the immediate effects of the subordination of the pre-colonial state structure under the colonial state, and of the colonial states' policies towards land;~labour and taxation. It then examines peasant involvement in the increased'. production of export commodities, and the role of European, Levantine and African merchant capital in the trade. It then examines the effect of this involvement on the structUre of peasant relations of production, and finally examines the implications of intensified export commodity production within the wider context of a maturing colonial economy. It concludes that the twin demands to ensure initial political control and financial solvency by the state combined with the existence of a form of capital that intensified pettycommo~ ity production to create in Northern Nigeria a state system centred around:a class of non-producers, committed to a controlled, guided change, dependent upon surplus from a peasantry, and class relations that aimed at perpet~ating the political subordination of the peasantry. Material for the thesis vas gathered from actual sources in the' National Archives,'Kaduna, Nigeria, Public Records Office in London, and from published boQks and journals from the University of Sussex, England.
32
Mohamed, Wazir. "Frustrated peasants, marginalized workers free African villages in Guyana, 1838-1885 /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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33
Montoya, Díaz Miguel. "Persistent peasants : smallholders, state agencies and involuntary migration in western Venezuela /". Stockholm : Department of social anthropology, Stockholm university, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37564914k.
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Lima, CÃcero Erivaldo de. "Peasant agriculture, PRONAF and in the municipality of agroecological initiatives Crato - CE". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7932.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ford Foundation International Fellowships ProgramO estudo da agricultura camponesa e das transformaÃÃes ocorridas no Ãmbito da produÃÃo no campo brasileiro sÃo eixos de preocupaÃÃo social, polÃtica e acadÃmica. O reconhecimento da agricultura camponesa como atividade produtiva se deu pela aÃÃo dos movimentos sociais do campo, a partir dos anos de 1990. TambÃm foi nesse perÃodo que o Estado garantiu por meio de recursos pÃblicos a criaÃÃo do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), para financiamento aos agricultores camponeses. O tema agricultura camponesa, hoje, està em foco, por causa de sua importÃncia na polÃtica de seguranÃa alimentar, dada sua representatividade no mercado interno de alimentos e matÃrias-primas. E tambÃm por oferecer contribuiÃÃes para a sustentabilidade como à proposta da agroecologia, prÃtica inovadora que consiste na utilizaÃÃo racional da terra e na equidade de inclusÃo social, pela sua participaÃÃo social na produÃÃo. Esta pesquisa reflete sobre a agricultura camponesa em seu papel de prover diferentes formas de convivÃncia e permanÃncia no campo. Objetiva analisar os desafios do acesso aos recursos do PRONAF e o desenvolvimento de aÃÃes e inovaÃÃes das prÃticas agroecologicas como alternativas para a permanÃncia no campo tendo como foco de anÃlise o Assentamento 10 de Abril no municÃpio do Crato, Estado do CearÃ, a partir dos anos 1990. Investigou experiÃncias de inovaÃÃes agroecolÃgicas e tÃcnicas alternativas para o convÃvio e o uso racional da terra, visualizando o trabalho realizado por instituiÃÃes que atuam junto aos camponeses. A fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica baseia-se autores como Josà de Sousa Martins (1983 e 2003), Ariovaldo Umbelino de Oliveira (1993, 1995, 2004 e 2010), Manoel Correia de Andrade (2005), Oliveira (2005) e Alencar (2007) que tem por base a teoria social de Marx e trouxe rica contribuiÃÃo no pensar o campesinato e sua permanÃncia no modo de produÃÃo capitalista. Por fim, nas analises conclui-se que as demandas dos camponeses nÃo foram atendidas. Uma polÃtica agrÃria com acesso aos recursos hÃdricos deve ser enquadrada como polÃtica pÃblica do Estado, bem como o PRONAF que necessita de reajustes para viabilizar a melhoria de vida dos camponeses com o incremento das iniciativas agroecologicas que precisam de maior difusÃo e apoio dos gestores.
The study of peasant agriculture and the changes occurring within the production in the Brazilian countryside and agricultural space are axes of social concern, political and academic. The recognition of peasant agriculture as productive activity took place through the action of social movements from the 1990s. It was also during this period ensured that the state of public resources through the creation of PRONAF(Programa Nacional de Apoio e Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar) for funding of peasant farmers. The theme of peasant agriculture today is in focus, considering its importance in food safety policy, given their representation in the internal market for food and raw materials, as well as offering contributions to sustainability and ecology, an innovative practice that is rational use of land and equity of social inclusion, as one of it s features is the participation in social production. This research aims to reflect peasant agriculture in its role to provide different forms of coexistence and permanence in the field. For this, it aims to analyze the challenges of access to resources PRONAF(Programa Nacional de Apoio e Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar), focusing ma inly on the settlement on 10 de Abril in the municipality of Crato-Cearà State, from the years 1990 to investiga te experiences of Agroecology innovations and alternative techniques for gathering and rational use of land, viewing the work of institutions that work with the peasants. For this study, we as a methodological basis of Marx's social theory seeking to understand the interpretations of authors who discuss ideas regarding vision of the peasantry and its continued existence and the capitalist mode of production. Finally, the analysis concludes that the peasants` demands were not met. An agrarian policy with access to water resources should be classified as state public politic and PRONAF requiring adjustments to enable the improvement of the peasants with the increase of Agroecology initiatives that need wider dissemination and management support.
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Zhang, Li. "Peasant household economy under the influence of international trade, industrialization, and urbanization a case study of Wuxi peasants' response to economic opportunities, 1860s-1940s /". online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3040214.
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Mazumder, Rajit Kumar. "The making of Punjab : colonial power, the Indian army and recruited peasants". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394937.
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A'Zami, Darius Alexander. "Citizen-peasants : modernity, international relations and the problem of difference in Tanzania". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/62143/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A running difficulty in African Studies (and beyond) is the need to reconcile modernity with difference, arising in attempts to account for the impact of colonialism as well as unequal international relations without lapsing into erasure of the manifold realities of African difference. Identifying the peasant vis-à-vis modernity as a salient instance of the problem, this thesis proffers a historical sociology of post-colonial Tanzania, where Julius Nyerere insisted that ‘If Marx were born in Tanzania he would have written the Arusha Declaration'. In saying so he was, in effect, pointing to the need, both programmatic and intellectual, to reconcile modernity and peasant-difference. Drawing upon international relations and the framework of uneven & combined development in particular, modernity is theorised as a process of fission whilst the peasant is cast as a protean subject thereof; the promised reconciliation can be achieved by rendering each as interactive. Building on this framework the main body of the thesis proceeds, encountering and engaging with the peasant-modernity problem along the way, to show the historical process by which a ‘citizen-peasant' social form emerged as combined development; an intellectual manoeuvre, moreover, that serves to conclude the reconciliation of ‘Marx' with ‘Arusha'. Chapters 1 and 2 establish the terrain and Chapter 3 supplies the methodological framework. Thereafter Chapter 4 sets out an account of the unevenness confronting Tanzania in the 1960s, linking that to its international relations in general and with China in particular to establish a pattern of interaction that Chapter 5 builds upon, revealing the Arusha Declaration as the starting point of a historical process from which the citizen-peasant arose, which is the key to the thesis as a whole. Chapter 6 completes the argument, pointing to the entrenchment of that form beyond its origins in the era of Nyerere's ‘African Socialism' taking the account up to the conclusion of the 20th century. Chapter 7 concludes, reflecting on the implications of the argument for the contemporary conjuncture.
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Carpenter, Rebecca May. "Peasants and stockingers : socio-economic change in Guthlaxton Hundred, Leicestershire, 1700-1851". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35538.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the proto-industrial debate has already provided encouragement for a large number of regional studies both in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, some justification for the selection of Guthlaxton Hundred and Countesthorpe in particular for a further study of change needs to be offered. The hosiery industry has frequently been cited by both supporters and critics of proto-industrialisation as an example of domestic-based industry which later developed into factory-based manufacture. It was as a result of the, apparent, appropriateness of the model as an explanation for the growth of frame-work knitting, that David Levine selected the most heavily industrialised Leicestershire hosiery village of Shepshed for his study of demographic change. Family Formation In An Age of Nascent Capitalism was greeted with deserved critical acclaim for its application of the relatively new technique of family reconstitution and its clear exposition of the demographic and social consequences of the early stages of industrial change. Yet, in comparison with other Leicestershire villages, Shepshed's demographic profile was extreme. Unfortunately, Levine's thesis rapidly became the established orthodoxy and the experience of Shepshed, the inevitable outcome of the development of the growth of frame-work knitting. Guthlaxton Hundred covers a wedge shape area of Leicestershire reaching from the outskirts of Leicester to the Warwickshire border and contained, in the eighteenth century, a variety of different types of parishes ranging from small 'closed' agricultural villages to large 'open' knitting villages. Countesthorpe, a medium sized village with a population of 540 in 1801 and situated seven miles to the south of Leicester, represented a typical example of a hosiery village, if it is possible to identify a typical example in a very diverse industry. Countesthorpe was clearly within the orbit of the Leicester merchants, had a long tradition of involvement in by-employment and, as demonstrated by the parish registers and 1851 census return, the majority of the adult population were directly employed in the production of knitted goods.4 The size of the parish was also important; Countesthorpe was smaller than Shepshed; this enabled the scope of the research to be broadened. Rather than limiting the study to an examination of the demographic consequences of rural industrialisation, I wanted to consider the impact of agrarian change and the wider implications of such developments on the structure of society. These were areas which Levine had been unable to consider when examining Shepshed but were within the longer historiographical tradition of Leicestershire established by Phythian-Adams, Thirsk and Hoskins. Countesthorpe's contiguity to Wigston Magna was a further reason for its selection. The Midland Peasant had prefigured much of the research into regional social and economic change; a study of a similar parish offered the opportunity to examine Hoskin's thesis in the light of new arguments. This study of Guthlaxton Hundred and Countesthorpe in particular allows an examination of those changes and explores the consequences of the movement to pasture and the development of framework knitting for the structure of communities and the disunities within them.
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Morrison, Daniel. ""Trading peasants" and urbanization in eighteenth-century Russia : the Central industrial region /". New York ; London : Garland publ, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374271848.
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Furlong, Matthew J. "Peasants, Servants, and Sojourners: Itinerant Asians in Colonial New Spain, 1571-1720". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333213.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation charts the social interactions, work experiences, and routes traveled by Asian workers within and between the colonial Philippines and Mexico between 1571 and 1720. Residents of early colonial Mexico called these workers chinos. Most free chinos were Filipinos, but enslaved chinos had origins all over Asia. Chinos crossed the Pacific on the Manila galleons, which sailed between the Philippines and Mexico. These ships facilitated the exchange of American products, mostly silver, for Asian products, primarily textiles. This study explores the social and spatial mobility of chinos to show how trade between and within the Americas and Asia opened a new chapter in the social history of the early modern world. This project expands the study of Latin American history in three ways. First, it analyzes the ways in which chinos, especially Filipinos, created and sustained colonial Mexico as part of a Pacific world, advancing scholarship that already celebrates Mexico as part of an Atlantic world. Next, this work develops the study of economic history by comparing the ways that chinos shaped and connected different regions of colonial Mexico by employing Southeast Asian labor organization and technology. Thirdly, this dissertation refines studies of ethnicity by considering the ways that chinos, especially free laborers, represented themselves as members of a new corporate group in colonial Mexico, and appropriated the ethnic category of "indio," originally established for indigenous people in the Americas. They used these categories to claim resources from the colonial state, to form social networks, and to create bases for collective action. This work advances the field of early modern global and world history. It analyzes the Philippines and Pacific New Spain as arenas of cross-cultural interaction, labor, migration, and production in their own right, rather than as mere commercial intermediaries mediating between East Asia and the Americas. Finally, this work considers the ways that the long history of interactions between Island Southeast Asia and the rest of Asia shaped the mobility of chinos, while also situating their trans-Pacific interactions within the institutions of the global tributary empire of the Spanish Habsburgs.
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Santos, Thiago Araújo. "Agroecologia como prática social: feiras agroecológicas e insubordinação camponesa na Paraíba". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-10012011-115446/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tomando como base o instrumental analítico desenvolvido na Geografia, particularmente na Geografia Humana, esta dissertação apresenta uma análise de algumas feiras agroecológicas organizadas por camponeses de assentamentos e comunidades rurais localizadas na Paraíba. A investigação de aspectos relativos ao processo de formação das feiras agroecológicas analisadas, bem como de elementos específicos da organização, produção e comercialização, levou-nos a considerá-las enquanto uma estratégia configurada pelos camponeses e assessores técnicos com o propósito de viabilizar a superação de adversidades no processo produtivo e de circulação da produção agrícola. Desta maneira, como decorrência da própria investigação empreendida, as feiras agroecológicas foram equacionadas como produto de um esforço dos camponeses paraibanos dirigido à superação de mecanismos de subordinação ao capital comercial e industrial no campo. Ao constituírem-se como formas de insubordinação camponesa, as feiras agroecológicas estudadas contribuíram, em grande medida, para viabilizar um maior controle dessa parcela do campesinato sobre o trabalho familiar e seus frutos, materializando assim frações territoriais dotadas de importantes especificidades.Taking as base the analytical instrumental developed in the Geography, particularly in the Human Geography, this work presents an analysis of some agro-ecological fairs organized by peasants of settlements and rural communities located in Paraiba. The investigation of relative aspects to the process of formation of the agro-ecological fairs analysed, as well as of specific elements of the organization, production and marketing, made us consider them as a strategy shaped by the peasants and technical advisers with the purpose of making feasible the overcoming of adversities in the productive process and, also, of circulation of the agricultural production. In this way, as a consequence of the undertaken investigation, the agro-ecological fairs were equated as a result of an effort of the peasants from Paraíba guided to the overcoming of mechanisms of subordination to the commercial and industrial capital in the countryside. Constituted as ways of peasants insubordination, the agro-ecological fairs studied contributed, in great measure, to make feasible a major control of this portion of the peasantry on the familiar work and its products, materializing, in this manner, territorial fractions composed by important specificities.
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Rocha, Damião Cosme de Carvalho. "Nas franjas da história: singularidade e distinção na constituição da Liga Camponesa de Matinhos na terra dos Carnaubais – Piauí". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19982.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-12T14:05:54Z
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Piauí - FAPEPI
Secretaria Municipal de Educação - SEMEC
Universidade Estadual do Piauí - UESPI
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, agrarian reform in Brazil fell on the national agenda as an urgent and pressing need. Among the different political and social actors who defended it and those who rejected it, there was a point of convergence: the misery and abandonment of the rural man, as well as the immediate need to solve it, in the danger of the nation being destabilized By a great social revolution. The peasant leagues received from the press, from other political subjects active in the period, and also from memory, the symbolic meaning of this attestation of social upheaval in which Brazil and, particularly, the northeast experienced. Anchored in the importance of this moment for the History of Brazil and Piauí in particular, the core objective of this research is to analyze the process of formation of the Peasant Leagues in the State, based on the successful, singular and distinct experience of the League of Matinhos in the land of the Carnaubais. In this perspective, the analysis is based on the constitution of this social movement based on the systematic struggle of rural workers who have been able to forge forms of organization and resistance capable of opposing the unilateral dictates of landlords and the state as historical agents in the struggle for political, By rights and against any experience of social demotion. I argue that these absolutely unique historical experiences of these subjects were fundamental for the creation of the leagues in Piauí from, mainly from the Government of Chagas Rodrigues in the late 1950. and early 1960. In this approach structured from a renewed theoretical framework, whose concepts and categories provided elements that prioritize historical dynamics, not static portraits of reality that, because they are formulated as watertight models, never existed, I try to emphasize the question of land, Debate on agrarian reform in Piauí, tensions between local power groups, including highlighting the Catholic Church's action and the daily struggle for access to land, most often without any mediation of the state legal apparatus. The analysis is based on oral sources, hemerográficas, judicial processes and in the available academic bibliography on the subject and object. Regarding the theoretical references, I emphasize the importance of the concept of experience elaborated by EP Thompson, applied as an instrument to discuss the ways in which the subjects of this research understood the reality in their surroundings, and became main actors of this plot aligned in a time saturated with Agoras, to build expectations of social and political transformation framed by the hope of accessing and conquering the land
No final dos anos 50 e início dos anos 60, a reforma agrária no Brasil entrou a contrapelo na agenda nacional como uma necessidade urgente e imperiosa. Entre os diferentes atores políticos e sociais que a defendiam e os que a reprovavam havia um ponto de confluência: a miséria e a situação de abandono do homem do campo assim como a imediata necessidade de solucioná-la, sob o perigo de a nação ser instabilizada por uma grande revolução social. As ligas camponesas receberam a partir da imprensa, de outros sujeitos políticos atuantes no período, e também da memória, o significado simbólico deste atestado de convulsão social em que o Brasil e, particularmente o nordeste experimentavam. Ancorado na importância desse momento para a História do Brasil e do Piauí em especial, o objetivo nuclear desta pesquisa é analisar o processo de formação das Ligas Camponesas no Estado, a partir da experiência exitosa, singular e distinta da Liga de Matinhos, na terra dos Carnaubais. Nessa perspectiva, a análise recai sobre a constituição deste movimento social embasado na luta sistemática dos trabalhadores rurais que conseguiram forjar formas de organização e resistência capazes de se contrapor aos ditames unilaterais dos latifundiários e do estado, como agentes históricos, na luta por reconhecimento político, por direitos e contra toda e qualquer experiência de rebaixamento social. Argumento que essas experiências históricas absolutamente únicas destes sujeitos foram fundamentais para a criação das ligas no Piauí a partir, principalmente do Governo de Chagas Rodrigues no fim dos anos 50 e início da década de 1960. Nesta abordagem estruturada a partir de um arcabouço teórico renovado, cujo os conceitos e categorias forneceram elementos que priorizassem a dinâmica histórica, e não, retratos estáticos da realidade que, por serem formulados como modelos estanques nunca existiram, procuro enfatizar a questão da terra, o debate sobre a reforma agrária no Piauí, as tensões entre grupos de poder locais, inclusive destacando a atuação da Igreja Católica e a luta cotidiana por acesso à terra, na maioria das vezes sem qual quer mediação do aparato jurídico estatal. A análise sustenta-se em fontes orais, hemerográficas, processos judiciais e na bibliografia acadêmica disponível sobre o tema e objeto. No que diz respeito aos referencias teóricos destaco a importância do conceito de experiência elaborado por E. P. Thompson, aplicado como instrumento para discutir as maneiras como os sujeitos desta pesquisa compreenderam a realidade no seu entorno, e se fizeram atores principais dessa trama alinhavada num tempo saturado de agoras, para construir expectativas de transformação social e política emolduradas pela esperança de acessar e conquistar a terra
43
Hann, Andrew Grahame. "Kinship and exchange relations within an estate economy : Ditchley, 1680-1750". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a9b1cf6e-7aa2-4f91-a3f3-f89d2eefcd7e.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis presents original evidence on changes occurring within the exchange economy of a north-west Oxfordshire rural community during the first half of the eighteenth century. It has been suggested that capitalism began to evolve in rural areas of England during this period due to the transformation of agriculture and growth of consumerism. Thus one would expect to find evidence of a growing commercialisation of the agrarian population characterised by increased reliance upon the market and a diminution of customary exchange and self-provisioning. Drawing evidence from the Ditchley estate accounts, the balance of monetary and nonmonetary exchange, the nature of transactions, and the role of kinship connections in mediating them, are described and analysed. It is argued that whilst the accounts do reveal significant levels of monetization and widespread use of market exchange especially after 1725, an extensive, largely non-monetized internal estate market in goods operated in parallel. These two systems appear to have been as much complementary as in competition, reflecting the high levels of integration within the local agrarian economy of the stonebrash region. Moreover, analysis of kinship networks suggests that many seemingly monetary transactions had a social component. Market exchange at Ditchley was essentially as dependent on social relations as reciprocal exchange within the neighbourhood area. The customary economy of kinsman and neighbour continued to flourish and to complement the expanding market economy in early eighteenth-century England, because both had a moral component. For the villagers at Ditchley there was no clear dichotomy between the two.
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Soria, Gloria Magdalena Schuemperli. "Household, community and market in the Upper Cunas, Peru : a re-examination of the effects of capitalism". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293895.
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Dees, Robert Paul. "Economics and politics of peasant production in south Germany, 1450-1650". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467887841&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Lima, Cícero Erivaldo de. "Agricultura camponesa, PRONAF e iniciativas agoecológicas no município Crato - CE". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7682.
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LIMA, Cícero Erivaldo de. Agricultura camponesa, PRONAF e iniciativas agoecológicas no município Crato - CE. 2011. 118 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011.Submitted by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-03-14T17:05:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_celima.pdf: 2614831 bytes, checksum: 0627cc1d06e782ef9097a6f93341d67f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-03-14T17:11:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_celima.pdf: 2614831 bytes, checksum: 0627cc1d06e782ef9097a6f93341d67f (MD5)
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O estudo da agricultura camponesa e das transformações ocorridas no âmbito da produção no campo brasileiro são eixos de preocupação social, política e acadêmica. O reconhecimento da agricultura camponesa como atividade produtiva se deu pela ação dos movimentos sociais do campo, a partir dos anos de 1990. Também foi nesse período que o Estado garantiu por meio de recursos públicos a criação do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), para financiamento aos agricultores camponeses. O tema agricultura camponesa, hoje, está em foco, por causa de sua importância na política de segurança alimentar, dada sua representatividade no mercado interno de alimentos e matérias-primas. E também por oferecer contribuições para a sustentabilidade como à proposta da agroecologia, prática inovadora que consiste na utilização racional da terra e na equidade de inclusão social, pela sua participação social na produção. Esta pesquisa reflete sobre a agricultura camponesa em seu papel de prover diferentes formas de convivência e permanência no campo. Objetiva analisar os desafios do acesso aos recursos do PRONAF e o desenvolvimento de ações e inovações das práticas agroecologicas como alternativas para a permanência no campo tendo como foco de análise o Assentamento 10 de Abril no município do Crato, Estado do Ceará, a partir dos anos 1990. Investigou experiências de inovações agroecológicas e técnicas alternativas para o convívio e o uso racional da terra, visualizando o trabalho realizado por instituições que atuam junto aos camponeses. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se autores como José de Sousa Martins (1983 e 2003), Ariovaldo Umbelino de Oliveira (1993, 1995, 2004 e 2010), Manoel Correia de Andrade (2005), Oliveira (2005) e Alencar (2007) que tem por base a teoria social de Marx e trouxe rica contribuição no pensar o campesinato e sua permanência no modo de produção capitalista. Por fim, nas analises conclui-se que as demandas dos camponeses não foram atendidas. Uma política agrária com acesso aos recursos hídricos deve ser enquadrada como política pública do Estado, bem como o PRONAF que necessita de reajustes para viabilizar a melhoria de vida dos camponeses com o incremento das iniciativas agroecologicas que precisam de maior difusão e apoio dos gestores.
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Quinn, Rapin. "NGOs, peasants and the state transformation and intervention in rural Thailand, 1970-1990 /". Canberra : Australian National University, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060227.084102/index.html.
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Quinn, Rapin, e rapin quinn@dest gov au. "NGOs, Peasants and the State: Transformation and Intervention in Rural Thailand, 1970-1990". The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060227.084102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
This study examines people-centred Thai NGOs trying to help peasants empower themselves in order to compete better in conflicts over land, water, forest, and capital, during the 1970s to 1990s. The study investigates how the NGOs contested asymmetric power relations among government officials, private entrepreneurs and ordinary people while helping raise the peoples confidence in their own power to negotiate their demands with other actors.¶
The thesis argues that the NGOs are able to play an interventionist role when a number of key factors coexist. First, the NGOs are able to understand local situations, which contain asymmetric power relations between different actors, in relation to current changes in the wider context of the Thai political economy and seize the time to take action. Secondly, the NGOs are able to articulate a social meaning beyond the dominating rhetoric of the state and the capitalists which encourages the peoples participation in collective activities. Thirdly, while dealing with one problem in social relations and negotiation with local environment, the NGOs are able to recognise new problems as they arise and rapidly identify a new political space for the actors to renegotiate their conflicting interests and demands. Fourthly, the NGOs are able to recreate new meanings, new actors and reform their organisations and networks to deal with new situations. Finally, the NGOs are able to effectively use three pillars of their movement, namely individuals, organisations and networks to deal with everyday politics and collective protest.¶
The case studies in three villages in Northern Thailand reveal that the NGOs were able to play an interventionist role in specific situations through their alternative development strategies somewhat influenced by structural Marxism. The thesis recommends that the NGO interventionist role be continued so as to overcome tensions within the NGO community, for instance, between the NGOs working at the grass-roots level and the NGOs working at regional and national levels (including NGO funding agencies); local everyday conflicts; and the bipolar views of a society among the NGOs expressed in dichotomous thinking between rural and urban, community and state, conflict and order, actor and system.¶
The fragmentation of NGO social and environmental movements showed that there is no single formula or easy solution to the problems. If the NGOs want to continue their interventionist role to help empower ordinary people and help them gain access to productive resources, they must move beyond their bipolar views of a society to discover the middle ground to search for new meanings, new actors, new issues and to create again and again counter-hegemony movements. This could be done by having abstract development theories assessed and enriched by concrete development practices and vice versa. Both theorists and practitioners need to use their own imagination to invent and reinvent what and how best to continue.
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Sheat, J. A. "Peasants and the rise of modern politics in Southeast Asia : Burma and Vietnam /". Title page, contents and epilogue only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars539.pdf.
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Alaica, Nadia. "A mixing of identities : Orthodox and Catholic peasants in the first Banal Regiment". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410905.
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