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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pastures"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pastures"

Saul, Geoffrey, Gavin Kearney e Dion Borg. "Pasture systems to improve productivity of sheep in south-western Victoria. 1. Growth, composition, nutritive value and persistence of resown pastures". Animal Production Science 49, n. 8 (2009): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06142.

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Two pasture systems were compared at five on-farm sites across south-western Victoria between 1990 and 1996. The ‘typical’ pasture treatment mimicked the pasture and grazing management common in the region, with volunteer annual-based pastures fertilised with around 5 kg/ha phosphorus (P) each year. The ‘upgraded’ pasture treatments were resown to phalaris, perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover, and higher rates of fertiliser (13–25 kg P/ha.year) plus other nutrients were applied. Both pastures were set stocked with the participating farmers breeding ewes. Stocking rate was an emergent variable on each plot. The stocking rate on the typical treatments was based on normal farm practise. Initially, the stocking rate of the upgraded pastures was 15% higher than for the typical pastures and increased over time depending if the ewes in the upgraded pastures were heavier than those in the typical pastures. Measurements included soil fertility, pasture production, nutritive value and composition, and animal production. Net annual pasture production of the upgraded pastures was 10 500 kg/ha compared with 8700 kg/ha for the typical pastures. This average difference (18%) between the treatments was greatly influenced by the large advantage (40%) of the upgraded pasture in the wet year of 1992. Upgraded pastures had higher pasture production than typical pastures in spring but the reverse occurred in autumn. In a separate small plot experiment, the response of each pasture to higher P fertiliser applications was tested. In autumn and winter, there was a significant interaction between pasture type and P rate, with higher responses on the upgraded pastures. In spring, both pastures responded to increased P applications but the upgraded pastures were more responsive at all P rates. The upgraded pastures contained significantly higher legume content (30–50%) than the typical pastures (10–20%). The proportion of sown perennial grasses in the upgraded pasture declined from around 30 to 10% after 6 years displaced by annual grasses and broad-leaf weeds. Herbage from upgraded pastures had significantly higher crude protein content (2–7 units) and digestibility (1–10 units) than the typical pastures with the difference between the treatments increasing over time. The set stocking policy used in this experiment is likely to have exacerbated the decline in sown perennial grasses and implementation of some form of strategic or rotational grazing may have improved persistence. The experiment also highlights the importance of selecting perennial grasses able to cope with the local environment and grazing conditions. Despite the decline in perennials, these results show significant potential to improve pasture productivity and quality in south-western Victoria.

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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, C. M. Evans, M. C. Wilson, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, B. R. Cullis e M. K. Conyers. "Effects of lime on the botanical composition of pasture over nine years in a field experiment on the south-western slopes of New South Wales". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, n. 1 (2003): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01194.

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Two permanent pastures (annual pasture v. perennial pasture) were established in 1992 as part of the long-term field experiment, MASTER — Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations. The primary objective of the experiment was to develop an agricultural system that is economically viable and environmentally sustainable on the highly acidic soils in south-eastern Australia. This paper reports on the effects of lime on the botanical composition changes of annual and perennial pastures over 9 years. In general, lime increased the proportion of the desirable species, such as phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) in perennial pasture and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in annual pastures, and decreased the proportion of the undesirable species, such as Vulpia spp., in both annual and perennial pastures, ultimately improving the quality of feed-on-offer to animals. As a result, the limed pastures carried 24% more sheep than the unlimed pastures, while maintaining individual animal performance similar for both limed and unlimed pastures. The phalaris-based perennial pasture was more stable in terms of maintaining the sown species than the annual pasture. Lime improved the persistence of phalaris and the longevity of the phalaris-based pasture should be at least 10 years. Lime changed the direction of plant succession of annual pastures. Without lime, Vulpia spp. gradually became more dominant while ryegrass and subterranean clover became less dominant in annual pastures. With lime, barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) gradually invaded the sward at the expense of ryegrass, thus reducing the benefits of lime, but this effect was less for the perennial pastures than for annual pastures. Liming perennial pastures should be more beneficial than liming annual pastures because of the beneficial effects on pasture composition. In addition, previously published work reported that liming perennial pastures improved sustainability through better use of water and nitrogen.

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Li, G. D., K. R. Helyar, S. J. Welham, M. K. Conyers, L. J. C. Castleman, R. P. Fisher, C. M. Evans, B. R. Cullis e P. D. Cregan. "Pasture and sheep responses to lime application in a grazing experiment in a high-rainfall area, south-eastern Australia. I. Pasture production". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, n. 10 (2006): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05298.

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‘Managing Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER)’ is a long-term pasture–crop rotation experiment commenced in 1992. One of the objectives was to demonstrate the extent of crop, pasture, and animal responses to lime on a typical acidic soil in the 500–800 mm rainfall zone in south-eastern Australia. Two types of pastures (perennial v. annual pastures) with or without lime application were established in 1992. This paper presents the results of the pasture dry matter (DM) responses to lime application over 6 years from 1992 to 1997. Results showed that both perennial and annual pastures responded positively to lime on a highly acidic soil on the south-west slopes of New South Wales. Averaged across pasture types and 5 growing seasons, the limed pastures produced 18% more pasture DM (520 kg/ha, P < 0.05) than the unlimed pastures. Significant responses to lime were detected on perennial pastures (610 kg DM/ha, P < 0.05), but not on annual pastures, although the limed annual pastures produced more DM (420 kg/ha, P = 0.20) than the unlimed annual pastures. There was a large seasonal variation in pasture growth rate with the significant lime responses in winter and spring on both perennial pastures (P < 0.05) and annual pastures (P < 0.10 in winter and P < 0.05 in spring), but no responses in autumn and summer on either perennial or annual pastures. The extra growth in winter is of importance as winter is the period when feed is normally inadequate and limits stocking rates. It is recommended that perennial-based pastures should be promoted for the purposes of productivity, in terms of increasing pasture production and improving feed quality, and for the environmental benefits in terms of alleviating the soil acidity problem and reducing the risk of dryland salinity in the high-rainfall zone in south-eastern Australia.

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Caudillo, Mia, Andony Melathopoulos, David Eduardo Prado-Tarango, Mary Smallman, Sarah A. Taylor e Serkan Ates. "Designing Management Strategies for Sheep Production and Bees in Dryland Pastures". Agronomy 14, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010024.

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Novel grazing management practices for livestock and bee health are becoming increasingly crucial in pasture-based farming systems. The effect of pasture type and spring closing dates on lamb liveweight gain, pasture production, botanical composition, bloom density and bee visitation was monitored over 2 years. Total annual dry matter yield (DMY) of diverse pastures in 2020/2021 was 8.8 t DM ha−1. This yield was greater than the DMY obtained from both simple (7.6 t DM ha−1) and legume pastures (6.6 t DM ha−1). In 2021/2022, the total annual DMY of simple (8.6 t DM ha−1) and diverse pastures (9.0 t DM ha−1) was similar. However, the legume pastures produced 27–30% less than simple and diverse pastures. In successive years, lambs grew faster in legume pastures (287, 215 g per head d−1) than diverse (207, 151 g per head d−1) and simple pastures (204, 132 g per head d−1). However, spring liveweight production (kg ha−1 day−1) from pastures did not differ due to the lower stocking density of legume pastures as compared to the other two pasture mixtures. Bloom density (flower/m2) and bee visitation (bees/min−1 m2) were 16 and 40 times greater with legume rather than simple pastures. Bloom density for diverse pastures was also relatively lower than for the legume pastures. Our findings indicated that the diversification of pastures greatly increased pasture productivity, while legume pastures provided the highest bee benefit without penalizing lamb liveweight production in spring.

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Bаtykova, Ainura, Vitalii Denisov, Aizhamal Zhusupova, Ainura Rasheva e Indira Bazarbaeva. "Сonducting geobotanical survey of pastures using gis technologies". BIO Web of Conferences 83 (2024): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248303007.

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The article considers the issues of geobotanical survey of the “Baytak-Ravat-Jakub» pasture spot of Batken city applying geoinformational technologies. A geobotanical survey of pastures is a survey conducted to determine the productivity of pastures, the botanical composition of herbage, the quality of herbaceous vegetation, its habitats, and the possibility of using pastures for grazing various types of farm animals. Traditional field method and the method of geoinformational mapping is applied for the geobotanical survey of pastures which is capable for storing and processing pasture monitoring data. As a result of monitoring pastures using geoinformational technologies, the cartographic material is created with the boundaries of pasture contours and the yield. The regional pasture committees determine geobotanical composition and assessment of the condition of pastures, organizing the rational utilization of pastures and their protection. The research materials will be may can be recommended for use.

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Rakhimova, T. "The current state of some types of pastures in Karakalpak Ustyurt (Uzbekistan)". Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 21, n. 1 (6 giugno 2022): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2022032.

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A modern classification of pastures in Karakalpak Ustyurt has been developed, which combines 7 pasture types (Anabasis salsa, Salsola arbusculiformis-Anabasis salsa, Artemisia terrae-albae-Anabasis salsa, Haloxylon ammodendron, Tamarix hispida-T. elongata, Kalidium caspicum, Halocnemum strobilaceum), 2 pasture classes (pastures of stratal plains on gray-brown soils and pastures of drainless depressions on solonchaks) and 42 pasture varieties, of which a brief description is given to the studied 5 types of pastures. Their productivity is determined and it is recommended to use them as autumn-winter pastures.

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Banks, Robert, Laura Wendling, Kaye Basford, Anthony Ringrose-Voase e Vera Banks. "Beneficial soil profile differences associated with tropical grass pastures on sodic texture contrast soils in Northern New South Wales". Soil Research 58, n. 2 (2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19140.

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Volunteer native pastures on widespread sodic texture contrast soils in northern New South Wales slopes and plains are known for their limited agricultural production. Fertilised tropical grass pastures on these soils are reported to have much increased pasture production, deeper, more abundant root mass and greater soil profile moisture storage. The subsoil physical differences between native and tropical grass pastures are not well understood. This observational study compared root abundance, soil structure and soil physical parameters (dispersion, bulk density, porosity and pore distribution) in sodic texture contrast soils under native and adjacent, well established and fertilised tropical pastures in a 14-year chronosequence. The physical differences observed may have contributed to improved soil water storage reported by other authors. Fourteen years after establishment, mean root abundance was significantly lower in soils under native pasture and greater in the tropical grass pasture system with 4600 and 8400 m of roots m–3 respectively. Dispersion values were high in native pastures but soils under tropical pastures had to be physically worked to cause dispersion. Bulk density under native pasture was significantly higher than in tropical grass pastures by 0.08 g cm–3 at 0–10 cm and by 0.2 g cm–3 in the upper B horizons. Total soil porosity of topsoils and upper B horizons was consequently lower in native than in tropical grass pasture. Tropical grass pasture upper B horizons had a three-fold greater macroporosity (pores > 30 µm), than under native pastures. This is equivalent to significantly greater potential water flow through stable macropores in dense sodic B horizons in tropical pastures. These findings indicate that pasture system selection and management positively affects deep soil structural properties which promote pasture productivity. The study contributes to a better understanding of mechanisms of published deeper water storage in tropical grass pasture systems on these normally low production soils.

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Ficuț, Cristina-Alina, Vlad Măcicășan, Cristian-Valeriu Maloș, Octavian-Liviu Muntean, Gheorghe Roşian e Tibor Hartel. "Soil Erosion Assessment in Wood Pastures and Tree-Less Pastures (A Case Study: Hârtibaciului Tableland)". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 12, n. 1 (1 giugno 2018): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2018-0004.

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Abstract The management of pastures is very important to reduce soil erosion. A special attention is generally needed for the wood pastures which combine livestock grazing with trees and shrubs. In this paper, we investigated the differencess between the wood pastures and tree-less pastures and their role to prevent or mitigate the soil erosion. The soil erosion assessment has been performed by using of RUSLE and GIS. The model has been applied in two study-polygons with wood pasture and tree-less pasture located in the northern part of Hartibaciului Tableland (Romania). Our outcomes showed and highlighted by comparison that wood pastures have a lower predicted annual soil loss than pastures with accidental presence of trees. This fact suggests that wood pastures are more resilient to soil erosion than tree-less pasture. The metholology tried to calibrate a preliminary model of soil erosion assessment for wood pastures into the southern part of Transylvania.

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Heard, J. W., S. A. Francis e P. T. Doyle. "Nutritive characteristics of annual species in irrigated pasture in northern Victoria". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, n. 8 (2006): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04268.

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We examined changes in estimated metabolisable energy (ME), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations of irrigated annual pastures through winter and spring in 2002. The types of pastures sampled were ‘high’ subterranean clover (HS, at least 800 g/kg DM clover), ‘low’ subterranean clover (LS, about 400 g/kg DM clover) and ‘low’ Persian clover (LP, about 500 g/kg DM clover). Estimates were also made of selection differentials, namely the nutrient concentration in the pasture fraction likely to be consumed expressed as a proportion of the nutrient concentration in the whole sward to ground level. The ME concentrations in all pasture types increased from May to August, after which concentrations in LS and LP declined, while the ME concentrations in HS declined after September. Low Persian pasture was significantly (P<0.001) higher in ME than the subterranean clover pastures except in September. There was a significant quadratic relationship between ME and time in months and this relationship differed significantly between the 3 pasture treatments. There was a significant (P<0.001) linear decline in CP concentration through the sampling period. The rate of decline in CP concentration was greatest for HS and lowest for LP pastures. Neutral detergent fibre concentrations declined gradually until August and then increased in all pastures. High subterranean clover pastures were lower (P<0.05) than LS pastures in all months. Low Persian clover pastures were higher in NDF than HS pastures, but lower than LS pastures in most months.There were small but significant differences in selection differentials for estimated ME between months when pastures were cut to 4 cm. Selection differentials for ME were between 1.01 and 1.13 across pasture types. Crude protein selection differentials were higher than for ME and varied between 1.11 and 1.46. There were small significant differences in selection differentials between months for NDF (0.74–0.96). Calculated selection differentials at different cut heights indicated that a nutrient gradient existed throughout the annual pasture sward. Pastures cut at high (>8 cm) cut heights had higher ME and CP and lower NDF, than pastures cut to 4 cm. Differences in selection differentials at different cut heights were apparent between pasture types.

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CHEN, G., G. D. LI, M. K. CONYERS e B. R. CULLIS. "LONG-TERM LIMING REGIME INCREASES PRIME LAMB PRODUCTION ON ACID SOILS". Experimental Agriculture 45, n. 2 (aprile 2009): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708007497.

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SUMMARYPrime lamb live weight response to lime application on pasture was measured in a grazing experiment in the high rainfall zone of the southwestern slopes of New South Wales, Australia. The pastures were limed every 6 years over 15 years. First cross South African Meat Merino lambs were used as test animals. Pre- and post-grazing pasture dry matter (DM) yield, botanical composition, feed quality and lamb live weight were monitored over 12 weeks in 2007. Results showed that liming significantly increased pasture DM yield of high quality species and improved overall pasture quality due to increased digestibility and metabolic energy content. As a result, the limed perennial and annual pastures carried 24.0% (3.6 lambs ha−1) and 29.0% (4.4 lambs ha−1) more stock than the unlimed perennial and annual pastures, respectively. Averaged across pasture types, the limed pastures produced 30.6% (131 kg ha−1) more lamb live weight gain than the unlimed pastures over 12 weeks. The live weight gain varied between grazing cycles depending on the availability of feed-on-offer and feed quality, which were closely related to the rainfall pattern. The perennial pastures did not show any advantage in animal production over annual pastures during the experimental period due to lack of moisture in the deep soil profile because of severe drought in the previous year. More seasons with normal or above average rainfall are needed to compare animal production on perennial pastures and annual pastures to investigate the advantage of perennial pastures in animal production.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Pastures"

Parish, Roberta. "The role of disturbance in permanent pastures". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27505.

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This thesis investigates how small disturbances influence community structure in three permanent pastures. Small disturbances play an important role in providing spatial heterogeneity that permits new recruits to enter populations in closed sward communities, thereby promoting diversity and species co-existence. The thesis has four components: the first two are based on observation and measurement of the occurrence of small disturbances, molehills and dung pats, in three pastures. Within pasture seasonal changes in disturbance regime were related to changes in patterns of species abundance by multidimensional contingency table analysis. Dactylis glomerata, Agropyron repens and Taraxacum officinale increased in highly disturbed plots, whereas Holcus lanatus and Trifolium repens decreased. Invasion of molehills and dung pats was usually by rhizomes or stolons from surrounding plants. Seedling recruitment was rare: Trifolium repens was the only species dependent on small gaps for sexual regeneration. Patterns of species replacement on and around the disturbances were non-random. The third part of the thesis investigated the effects of selective removal of Lolium perenne, Holcus lanatus and Trifolium repens from the oldest and youngest pastures. Strong responses to the removal of these species were found only in grasses in the youngest pasture. This is consistent with the hypothesis that competition decreases over time because of niche divergence, but may also reflect biological accommodation to grazing pressure. The fourth part of the thesis investigated changes in species composition in simulated swards in response to different regimes of mowing, fertilizer and small gap creation. Species composition was strongly influenced by mowing and fertilization but was unresponsive to small gap creation.
Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate

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Latta, Roy A. "Improving medic pastures in pasture-wheat rotations in the Mallee district of North-Western Victoria /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09al364.pdf.

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Williamson, Jessica A. "Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/57.

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Treatment of endophyte-infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] with the broad leaf herbicide Chaparral® can mitigate fescue toxicosis and enhance forage quality by suppressing seedhead emergence. Applying the herbicide to fescue pastures also reduces forage mass and promotes severe spot grazing when pastures are continuously grazed. A grazing experiment was conducted with steers (2013) and heifers (2014) to evaluate animal and plant responses in fescue-bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) mixtures treated with Chaparral to determine the effects of grazing management on pasture carrying capacity, nutritive values, botanical composition, and animal performance. Continuous and rotational (i.e., four subdivisions to provide a 7-d grazing period and a 21-d rest period) grazing treatments were assigned to six, 3.0-ha fescue-bluegrass pastures in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each pasture had six tester animals, and stocking rates were varied using put-and-take animals. Pastures were grazed from 16 April to 8 July 2013 (Year 1) and 20 May to 12 Aug (Year 2) and cattle were blocked by body weight for allotment to pastures. Pasture carrying capacities were greater (P = 0.07) for rotational compared to continuous pastures across both years. Calves on rotationally grazed pastures had greater average daily gain (P = 0.03) and gain per acre (P = 0.05) than those on the continuous treatment across both years. Canopies of continuously grazed pastures contained less (P = 0.01) tall fescue than those in rotationally grazed pastures. Herbage in pre-grazed paddocks had less NDF and ADF than post-grazed paddocks and continuously grazed pastures in 2013 (P < 0.10), but did not differ in 2014 (P > 0.10). In vitro digestible dry matter was greater (P = 0.07) in pre-graze rotational pastures in 2013 compared with continuous and post-graze rotational, and IVDDM did not differ (P < 0.01) between pre-graze rotational and continuous in 2014, but was greater than post-graze rotational. Crude protein was lower (P = 0.06) in both years in post-graze rotational pasture than in continuous or pre-graze rotational pasture, which did not differ. In 2013, there was no difference (P = 0.60) in root WSC among treatments; however, in 2014, WSC levels were greater (P = 0.01) in rotationally grazed pastures compared with continuously grazed pastures. This grazing experiment indicated that rotational grazing of Chaparral treated fescue-bluegrass mixtures can improve both animal performance and the sustainability of pasture productivity.

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Schlueter, David Henry. "Overseeding Clovers into Permanent Pastures". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34719.

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Benefits of establishing legumes into permanent pastures have been well studied. Successful establishment of legumes in pastures can be challenging, however, and more information is needed about different seeding methods and variables that affect legume establishment. A pasture and a small plot experiment were conducted in Blacksburg, Va from 2009 to 2011to gain better understanding of how seeding method and management variables affected red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) establishment into permanent cool season grass pasture and sod. In the pasture experiment, seedling density was measured two months after sowing and grass, white clover, red clover, and weed biomass were periodically measured during the experiment. Broadcast seeding treatment had 93% more clover seedlings than drill treatment (P = 0.1087) two months after sowing. No difference (P > 0.10) for clover biomass was observed between sowing treatments in any year and clover establishment was considered successful (over 25% of pasture composition) in both treatments. In the drill treatment, clover seedling density was negatively affected by the residual grass biomass at sowing (P = 0.0196). In the broadcast treatment, a quadratic relationship between clover seedling density and residual grass biomass at sowing was found (P = 0.0516). Clover seedling density in April 2009 determined the amount of clover biomass in August 2009 (P = 0.0008) and the 2010 clover biomass mean (P = 0.0249). Further exploration of the influence fertilization with P and K, grass biomass at sowing, and defoliation frequency on clover establishment were studied in a split-split plot study. iii Fertilization with P and K was assigned to whole plots that were split in half and assigned a high or low grass biomass at sowing treatment, the subplots were split in and designated either a high or low cutting frequency. Prior to cutting, samples from each plot were sorted to grass, white clover, red clover, and weed. Plots with a low grass biomass at sowing (232 seedlings m-2) had a higher seedling density (P < 0.0001) compared with plots with a high grass biomass at sowing plots (111 seedlings m-2). Greater biomass of white and red clover depended both on having a low grass biomass at sowing and a high frequency of defoliation (P = 0.0026 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Red clover yield was also determined by interactions between fertilization and a high frequency of defoliation (P < 0.0001), as well as between fertilization and low grass biomass at sowing (P = 0.0026). Dry conditions resulted in low clover yields (6% of total herbage mass) with red clover producing four times the herbage mass of white clover. These data show that creating a favorable environment for seedlings to germinate and establish was more important than seeding method.
Master of Science

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Popp, Jan D. "Beef production on alfalfa-grass pastures". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23911.pdf.

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Paterson, R. T. "The introduction of legumes into degraded tropical pastures". Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380018.

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Reeves, Megan. "Milk production from kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) grass pastures". Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14526.

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Valdez, Zamudio Diego. "Application of Computer Modeling in Buffelgrass Pastures Studies". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195018.

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Pastures established using buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) have shown heterogeneous responses in terms of forage production and permanence. A good alternative for determining establishment sites and predict trends in buffelgrass conditions is the use of simulation models. The objectives of this research were to determine the factors that regulate successfulness in buffelgrass pastures and to develop a model to determine suitability in areas managed for buffelgrass pastures, based on environmental, ecological, and management variables. Above ground biomass production was considered to determine suitability in sites with buffelgrass. Eight ranches with different geographic locations, environmental situations, and management conditions were sampled as preliminary study sites to measure and model plant production. The resulting model was used to estimate plant production in the 37 sampling sites of the study areas. Results of the study indicate that basal area is a good modeling parameter to estimate production in buffelgrass plants. I also found that plant production in buffelgrass is negatively affected by population density. I concluded that there exist a positive correlation between pasture management and buffelgrass plant production. Correlation analyses demonstrate that there exist significant correlations between Pasture Condition Index (PCI) and mean annual temperatures, aspect, pasture age, nitrogen and sodium content. However, after performing stepwise regressions, only three variables were significant: pasture age (PA), nitrogen content (N2), and mean annual temperature (MAT); the last two, produce a negative response on PCI.

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Kempster, Valerie N. "Soil microbes as potential control agents for plant-parasitic nematodes in pasture /". Title page, contents and summary only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ACP/09acpk32.pdf.

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Tonmukayakul, Nop. "Water use efficiency of six dryland pastures in Canterbury". Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1498.

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The annual and seasonal water use efficiency of six pasture combinations were calculated from the ‘MaxClover’ Grazing Experiment at Lincoln University. Pastures have been established for six years and are grazed by best management practices for each combination. Measurements for this study are from individual plots of four replicates of ryegrass (RG)/white clover (Wc), cocksfoot (CF)/Wc; CF/balansa (Bal) clover; CF/Caucasian (Cc) clover; CF/subterranean (Sub) clover or lucerne. Water extraction measurements showed soils for all dryland pastures had a similar plant available water content of 280±19.8 mm. Dry matter measurements of yield, botanical composition and herbage quality were assessed from 1 July 2008 until 30 June 2009. Lucerne had the highest annual yield of 14260 kg DM/ha/y followed by the CF/Sub at 9390 kg DM/ha/y and the other grass based pastures at ≤ 6900 kg DM/ha/y. All pastures used about 670±24.4 mm/y of water for growth. Lucerne had the highest annual water use efficiency (WUE) of 21 kg DM/ha/mm/y of water used (total yield/total WU). The WUE of CF/Sub was the second highest at 15 kg DM/ha/mm/y, and the lowest was CF/Wc at 9 kg DM/ha/mm/y. The CF/Sub pastures had the highest total legume content of all grass based pastures at 21% and as a consequence had the highest annual nitrogen yield of 190 kg N/ha. This was lower than the monoculture of lucerne (470 kg N/ha). Ryegrass/white clover had the highest total weed component in all pastures of 61%. For dryland farmers spring is vital for animal production when soil temperatures are rising and moisture levels are high. The water use efficiency at this time is important to maximize pasture production. In spring lucerne produced 8730 kg DM/ha, which was the highest dry matter yield of all pastures. The CF/Sub produced the second highest yield of 6100 kg/DM/ha. When calculated against thermal time, CF/Sub grew 5.9 kg DM/ºCd compared with lucerne at 4.9 kg DM/ºCd. The higher DM yield from lucerne was from an extra 400 ºCd of growth. The highest seasonal WUE of all pastures occurred in the spring growing period. Linear regressions forced through the origin, showed lucerne (1/7/08-4/12/08) had a WUE of 30 kg DM/ha/mm (R2=0.98). Of the grass based pastures, CF/Sub produced 18 kg DM/ha/mm (R2=0.98) from 1/7 to 10/11/08 from 270 mm of water used. The lowest spring WUE was 13.5 kg DM/ha/mm by CF/Bal pastures which was comparable to the 14.3±1.42 kg DM/ha/mm WUE of CF/Wc, CF/Cc and RG/Wc pastures. During the spring, CF/Sub clover had the highest spring legume component of the grass based pastures at 42% and produced 120 kg N/ha. This was lower than the 288 kg N/ha from the monoculture of lucerne. Sub clover was the most successful clover which persisted with the cocksfoot. Based on the results from this study dryland farmers should be encouraged to maximize the potential of lucerne on farm, use cocksfoot as the main grass species for persistence, rather than perennial ryegrass, and use subterranean clover as the main legume species in cocksfoot based pastures. By increasing the proportion of legume grown the water use efficiency of a pasture can be improved. When pastures are nitrogen deficient the use of inorganic nitrogen may also improve pasture yields particularly in spring.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Pastures"

Inam-ur-Rahim. Pasture management plan, Gabral valley: Ghwaibela pastures. [Swat]: Mountain Areas Conservancy Project, 2004.

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Castell, Xavier Font i. Estructura, tipologia i ecologia de les pastures montanes de la Cerdanya. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1989.

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Arcarons, M. Carme Casas i. Estudi tipològic, ecològic i funcional de les pastures de la plana de Vic. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Secció de Ciències Biològiques, 2008.

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Jina, Prem Singh. High pasturelands of Ladakh Himalaya. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co., 1995.

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M. Carme Casas i Arcarons. Estudi tipològic, ecològic i funcional de les pastures de la plana de Vic. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Secció de Ciències Biològiques, 2008.

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Rippstein, G. Etude sur la végétation de l'Adamaoua: Évolution, conservation, régénération et amélioration d'un écosystème pâture au Cameroun. Yaoundé: République unie du Cameroun, Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique, Institut de recherches zootechniques, 1986.

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G, Tow P., e Lazenby Alec, a cura di. Competition and succession in pastures. Oxon, OX, UK: CABI Pub., 2001.

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Oliver, Mary. Blue pastures. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1995.

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Lindgren, Leif. Island pastures. [South Finland]: Metsähallitus, 2000.

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Paul C. P. A. Steele. Fowling pastures. Birmingham: Digbeth & Deritend Local History Project, 1988.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pastures"

Dryden, Gordon McL. "Grazing management." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 184–204. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0015.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on grazing management. Topics discussed include: (i) C3 and C4 grasses; (ii) the nutritive value of pastures; (iii) grazing systems; (iv) pasture yield, growth and quality assessment; (v) pasture utilization rate; (vi) calculation of carrying capacities and stocking rates; (vii) pasture budgeting; and (viii) feed-year plans.

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Kingsmill, Hugh. "Occluded Pastures". In The Progress of a Biographer, 70–73. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003272632-10.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Pastoralism and Change in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau". In Pastures of Change, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_1.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Ethnographic Setting of Nomadic Pastoralism in Eastern Tibet". In Pastures of Change, 21–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_2.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Ideologies of Change from Maoist Development to Market-Oriented Governmentality". In Pastures of Change, 47–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_3.

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Tan, Gillian G. "“Change for a Better Future”: International Development in Eastern Tibet". In Pastures of Change, 71–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_4.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Historical Engagements in Eastern Tibet". In Pastures of Change, 97–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_5.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Contemporary Adaptations and Transformations". In Pastures of Change, 117–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_6.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Caterpillar Fungus and Transforming Subjectivities". In Pastures of Change, 143–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_7.

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Tan, Gillian G. "Conclusion". In Pastures of Change, 167–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76553-2_8.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pastures"

Шамсутдинова, Эльмира, Elmira Shamsutdinova, Нариман Шамсутдинов, Nariman Shamsutdinov, Юрий Каминов, Yuri Kaminov, Зебри Шамсутдинов e Zebri Shamsutdinov. "SPECIES COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF IMPROVED PHYTOCENOSES WITH MINIMAL DISTURBANCES OF THE NATURAL VEGETATION". In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-70-80.

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The results of species composition studies and fodder productivity of natural desert pastures with their phytomelioration improvement are presented. It is established that phytomelioration improvement of desert pastures on the basis of partial (belt) processing of pasture lands leads to an increase in the number of ephemeral-ephemeroid vegetation, the formation of a denser grass stand and an increase in the fodder productivity of phytomelioration pasture lands.

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Cocirta, Petru. "Impactul asupra pășunilor în raionul Telenești din Republica Moldova: probleme și soluții". In Starea actuală a componentelor de mediu. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975315593.31.

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This article describes the main features of the pastures in Telenești district of the Republic of Moldova. The main data are presented: the evolution of pasture lands between 2005-2017; the levels of the impact of domestic animals on pastures, depending on their categories; some management features and general conclusions.

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Genov, Stefan. "SUSTAINABLE USE OF PASTURES IN BEEF CATTLE". In SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT - CURRENT PRACTICES AND SOLUTIONS 2019. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/slm2019.173.

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Pastures are a major low cost source of feed in beef cattle. Their sustainable use and management affect to the economic performance of farms and to their conservation as a natural resource. Pastures are the subject of agronomic, zoos engineering and economic research, which report negative trends in their territorial scope, composition and productivity as a whole. In beef cattle breeding, the long-term goal is to use high-productivity pastures, which will increase the yield of meat from them, because poor pastures require feeding the cattle with other feed, which reduces profitability. The purpose of this paper is to offer a sustainable pasture management model incorporating agro-technical and organizational activities in beef cattle farms that can increase their economic effectiveness.

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Alimbekova, N. A., e G. Ergeshova. "GIS TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMUNITY PASTURE MAPPING IS AS A DIGITALIZATION TOOL". In Лесные экосистемы в условиях изменения климата: биологическая продуктивность и дистанционный мониторинг. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25686/foreco.2023.31.40.002.

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The use of GIS and remote sensing technologies is rapidly developing in agriculture sector of Republic Kyrgyzstan. The main objective of this research is to determine the internal boundaries and the state of pasture areas (degraded, stony, bushy, clean, etc.) that are suitable for grazing and to cultivation in eastern and southern regions of Republic Kyrgyzstan. Prior to the field work, the satellite image of Sentinel-2A and cartographic materials were prepared showing steep slopes of more than 45 degrees were determined. As a result, 3 types of thematic maps were created for all pasture committees of the investigated area: 1) The General map based on the results of community mapping of pastures of the PUU (Pasture User Units); 2) The PUU Community Pasture Mapping Tract Map, and 3) The Working map based on the results of community mapping of pastures of the PUU. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the prepared maps allow to solve several tasks, including actions for adapting to climate change.

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Bento, Lucas R., Patrícia P. A. Oliveira, José R. M. Pezzopane, Alberto C. de C. Bernardi, Aida Magalhães, Débora M. B. P. Milori e Ladislau Martin-Neto. "Laser photonic techniques applied to soil analysis for achieving low carbon agriculture". In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2022.w3b.3.

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Agriculture can stock carbon on soil increasing the organic matter content, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. LIBS and LIFS were used to evaluate different pasture systems, which showed that well-managed pastures can increase soil carbon stock.

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Павлова, С. С., Е. А. Боровая e В. Ф. Пустовой. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN THE ORGANIZATION OF PASTURES FOR HORSES". In СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ И АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ В КОНЕВОДСТВЕ. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25727/hs.2019.1.35392.

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Пастбища для лошадей являются источником дешевых зеленых кормов, богатых ценными белками и различными минеральными элементами, в легкоусвояемой форме. Содержание лошадей на пастбищах считается экологически благоприятным для их здоровья и сохранения генетических свойств. Организация летнего пастбищного содержания предусматривает обеспечение лошадей достаточным количеством качественных трав, сохранение травостоя, а это зависит от режима использования пастбищ, в котором важное значение имеют сроки начала и окончания пастьбы, внесение удобрений и полив, улучшение ботанического состава, уничтожение вредных и ядовитых растений, ротация выпаса. Пастбище это динамическая экосистема, которая зависит от многих факторов, что и раскрывают зарубежные публикации, основанные на исследованиях сельскохозяйственных университетов и колледжей. Pastures for horses are sources of cheap green fodder, rich in valuable proteins and various mineral elements, in easily digestible form. Keeping horses in pastures is considered to be an environmentally friendly way for their health and preservation of genetic properties. The organization of the summer pasture maintenance provides for the provision of horses with a sufficient amount of quality herbs, the preservation of the grass stand, and this depends on the mode of use of pastures, in which the timing of the beginning and end of grazing, fertilization and watering, improving the botanical composition, the destruction of harmful and poisonous plants, the rotation of grazing are important. That is, the pasture is a dynamic ecosystem, which depends on many 217factors, which is revealed by foreign publications based on studies of agricultural universities and colleges.

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Pinto Almeida, Ian, Anita Fernandes, Wemerson Delcio Parreira, Maurilio Fernandes Oliveira, Karoline Souza Guckert e Dennis Kerr Coelho. "Identificação de Solo Exposto e Cupinzeiros em Pastagens Utilizando Deep Learning". In Computer on the Beach. Itajaí: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v15.p346-348.

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ABSTRACTPasture degradation is a significant challenge in livestock farmingin Brazil, affecting the environmental and economic sustainabilityof the sector. Solutions that help manage pasture areas are crucialfor Brazilian agribusiness. In this context, this work presents theapplication of YOLO model of Deep Learning to identify exposedsoil, as well as indicators of pasture degradation, in this case, thenumber of termite mounds in each area. The image base used refersto pastures in Goiás and Mato Grosso.

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Mashtykov, Kirill, e Elvira Dedova. "GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF PASTURE PHYTOCENOSES IN THE DESERT ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA". In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1676.978-5-317-06490-7/62-65.

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Based on long-term monitoring, the geoecological assessment of pasture phytocenoses in the desert zone of the Republic of Kalmykia under the influence of anthropogenic and climatic factors is given. It is established that excessive pasture load leads to degradation processes of vegetation and soil cover: a wide spread of explerents ( Eragrostis minor, Amaranthus albus ), depletion of the floral composition by 2 times, a decrease in productivity and feed value of pastures, an increase in the area of flown Sands.

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Shchannikova, Maria, e Dalhat Teberdiev. "AGROENERGY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CREATION OF GRASS AND LEGUME-GRASS PASTURES IN THE NORTH-EAST OF THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE". In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-22-70-26-33.

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In the article presents the agro-energy and economic assessment of the creation and use of grass and legume-grass herbages in the initial period of the organization of cultural pastures in the North-East of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Fodder production was 53–61 GJ/ha on grass pastures and 56–75 GJ/ha on legume-grass pastures. The total expenditure of anthropogenic energy was 43.1–46.8 GJ/ha on grass herbages and 23.4–25.0 GJ/ha on legume-grass herbages. The agro-energy coefficient on legume-grass herbages (239–300 %) was higher than on grass herbages (123–132 %). The cost of produced feed was 35.9–43.5 thousand rubles / ha on grass pastures and 39.8–54.5 thousand rubles/ha on legume-grass pastures. Total expenditures were 40.5–42.5 thousand rubles/ha on grass pastures and 30.2–32.5 thousand rubles/ha on legume-grass pastures. The cost of producing 100 fodder units legume-grass pastures was in 1.4–1.7 times lower than grass pastures ones.

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Privalova, Kira, e Ruslan Karimov. "EFFECTS OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR PASTURE YIELD". In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production 26 (74). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-26-74-30-34.

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The results of a field experiment on the effect of systematic surface application of organic fertilizers on the yield of long-term pastures of herbage are presented. With the introduction of manure in doses of 10 and 20 t/ha (once every 4 years), the yield of the pasture was 3.31 and 3.76 t/ha on average over 45 years, which is 51 and 72% higher compared to unfertilized grass stand.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pastures"

Braden, I. S., Kenneth J. Moore, R. L. Hintz, M. H. Wiedenhoeft, E. Charles Brummer e M. Peter Hoffman. Pasture Enhancement of Warm-season Grass Pastures Using a Complex Mixture of Legumes. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-81.

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Pease, James L. Rotationally Grazed Pastures as Bird Habitat. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-182.

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Guretzky, John A., e Kenneth J. Moore. Botanical Composition of Management Zones in Pastures. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1175.

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Owen, Michael D., James F. Lux e Damian D. Franzenburg. Canada Thistle Control in Cool-Season Pastures. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-504.

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Adandedjan, C. C. Creep grazing lambs on tall fescue pastures. West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, gennaio 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.33915/agnic.589.

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Adandedjan, C. C. Creep grazing lambs on tall fescue pastures. West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, gennaio 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.33915/agnic.695.

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Moore, Kenneth J., E. Charles Brummer, M. H. Wiedenhoeft, James R. Russell, Roger L. Hintz, Todd White, L. James Secor e Dennis R. Maxwell. Sequential Grazing of Cool- and Warm-Season Pastures. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-15.

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Owen, Michael D., James F. Lux e Damian D. Franzenburg. Canada Thistle and Horsenettle Control in Cool-Season Pastures. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2695.

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Dowling, Adam. Adaptation Resources for Agriculture A Case Study: Organic Dairy in Wisconsin. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, novembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893742.ch.

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Like many producers in Wisconsin, R & G Miller & Sons is already seeing an increase in intense precipitation events particularly in spring. This delays planting and prevents early season grazing due to possible damage/compaction from cow traffic on saturated pastures. Extended wet periods (e.g. 5 in of rain or more/week) and big deluge rains also lead to ponding in some areas of fields, which in turn leads to reduced productivity of pastures.

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Russell, James R., e Justin J. Bisinger. Grazing System Effects on Soil Compaction in Southern Iowa Pastures. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1308.

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