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Firoozabadi, Ali. "The Past Victim, the Future Abuser". Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, n. 4Suppl1 (1 aprile 2020): S6—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.s2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Childhood trauma exerts a significant effect on psychological life of people. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon. We face a social epidemic with serious consequences that shatter the life of survivors. Victimization in early years of life entraps the individuals in the victim-rescuer-abuser triangle. Many perpetrators and criminals have had history of childhood abuse. The main objective of this study was the assessment of patients with a history of child abuse who behaved in abusive manner in adulthood. Methods: By reviewing the files of 3694 patients referred to my outpatient private clinic, I tried to gather data to answer the questions related to this study including history of abuse, victimization, substance abuse, and the percent of patients who were involved in abusive behaviors in adulthood. Results: In total, 1075 patients reported a history of some abuse during childhood (29.10%). Of them, 19.44% (total = 209, 78 men and 131 women) behaved as an abuser for most of their life. The prevalence of substance abuse in people with history of abuse was 36.6% compared to 28.36% in those without. The prevalence of acting as an abuser and perpetrator in adult life was 27.5%, 19.5%, 18.4% and 11.11% among the divorced, married, single and widowed respectively. Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that a significant number of patients with history of childhood abuse involved in abusive behavior and victimization of others in adulthood. Paying attention to this issue by mental health practitioners and policy makers can prevent the intergenerational transmission of abuse and development of a more peaceful society.
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Wiederman, Michael W., Randy A. Sansone e Lori A. Sansone. "History of Trauma and Attempted Suicide Among Women in a Primary Care Setting". Violence and Victims 13, n. 1 (1 marzo 1998): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.1.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of past research have demonstrated apparent links between suicidality and a history of sexual abuse or physical abuse. However, the relative predictive power of such abuse histories in explaining suicidality remains unknown, as does the potential relationship between suicidality and emotional abuse, physical neglect, and witnessing violence. In the current study, 151 women who presented for nonemergent medical care indicated whether they had experienced each of five types of abuse and whether they had ever attempted suicide. Similar to past research, increased rates of having attempted suicide were evident among women who had been sexually or physically abused. Rates of past suicide attempts were also higher among those who had experienced emotional abuse or had witnessed violence. However, many women indicated having experienced multiple forms of trauma. In a multivariate analysis, only sexual abuse and physical abuse were uniquely predictive of having attempted suicide. Results are discussed with regard to the potential importance of bodily intrusiveness during abuse as most predictive of subsequent suicidality.
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Sansone, Randy A., Justin S. Leung e Michael W. Wiederman. "The Abuse of Prescription Medications and Employment History". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 43, n. 3 (aprile 2012): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm.43.3.f.
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Objective: The relationship between prescription medication abuse and employment history is rarely studied and is the focus of the present study. Method: Using a cross-sectional consecutive sample of 325 internal medicine outpatients and a self-report survey methodology, we examined prescription medication abuse (“Have you ever intentionally, or on purpose, abused prescription medications?”) and four employment variables. Results: We found statistically significant relationships between the abuse of prescription medications and all four employment variables—i.e., number of different jobs held since age 18 (5.05 in nonabusers versus 7.81 in past abusers), estimated percentage of time employed since age 18 (79.0% in nonabusers versus 63.3% in past abusers), being paid “under the table” (24.9% in nonabusers versus 77.4% in past abusers), and being fired (37.2% in nonabusers versus 64.5% in past abusers)—all indicating less employment viability in participants with past histories of prescription medication abuse. Conclusions: The abuse of prescription medications is associated with impaired functionality in the work arena.
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Vosburg, Suzanne K., Jared Beaumont, S. Taryn Dailey-Govoni, Stephen F. Butler e Jody L. Green. "Evaluation of Abuse and Route of Administration of Extended-Release Tapentadol Among Treatment-Seeking Individuals, as Captured by the Addiction Severity Index–Multimedia Version (ASI-MV)". Pain Medicine 21, n. 9 (16 ottobre 2019): 1891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz250.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background Tapentadol is a molecule incorporating mu opioid receptor agonism and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition to provide analgesia, with the potential for a lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects than full mu opioid agonists. Postmarketing surveillance of tapentadol as an active pharmaceutical ingredient has consistently revealed low levels of abuse and diversion. Objective The purpose of the present study was to further characterize the abuse liability of tapentadol extended-release (ER) by evaluating the prevalence of past 30-day tapentadol ER abuse and reported routes of administration as compared with ER opioids with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) abuse-deterrent labeling (“ADF opioids”) and ER opioids without FDA abuse-deterrent labeling (“non-ADF opioids”). Methods Data were collected from January 2014 through December 2017 from 776 centers located in 43 states throughout the United States using the Addiction Severity Index–Multimedia Version (ASI-MV), an instrument that is integral to the National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program (NAVIPPRO, Inflexxion, an IBH Company, Costa Mesa, CA, USA). Results Tapentadol ER had lower rates of past 30-day abuse than ADF ER and non-ADF ER opioid comparators, both at a population level and when adjusted for drug utilization. Tapentadol ER was primarily abused orally, although it was also abused through alternate routes of administration. Cumulative rates of tapentadol ER abuse by alternative routes of administration were lower than both ADF and non-ADF ER opioid comparators, although large confidence intervals resulting from the small sample size of reported tapentadol ER use limit firm conclusions. Conclusions In summary, tapentadol ER was found to have lower rates of both past 30-day abuse and use via alternate routes of administration, specifically snorting and smoking, than ADF and non-ADF ER comparators.
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Osgood, Nancy J., e Ameda A. Manetta. "Abuse and Suicidal Issues in Older Women". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 42, n. 1 (febbraio 2001): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/erx5-x0b8-6wdx-y9vx.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Physical and sexual abuses are traumatic experiences for women. Many older women who suffer from depression and express suicidal ideation are victims of past and/or present abuse. This study reports the results of a study of 364 women aged fifty-five years and older who were former patients in one of three psychiatric facilities in Virginia. Detailed chart reviews provided the data to determine the relationship between abuse and suicidal issues in these older women. Results of the study show that women with identified suicidal issues (attempts and/or ideation) had significantly more prior victimization (child abuse, rape, battering) than women without suicidal issues. Review of existing literature and results of the present study suggest the importance of assessing for past and/or present physical and sexual abuse in older suicidal women. Assessment issues are discussed.
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Downie, Samantha, Iuliana Kanya, Kim Madden, Mohit Bhandari e Arpit C. Jariwala. "Intimate partner violence (IPV) in male and female orthopaedic trauma patients: a multicentre, cross-sectional prevalence study". BMJ Open 11, n. 8 (agosto 2021): e046164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046164.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectivesIdentify the proportion of patients attending fracture clinics who had suffered intimate partner violence (IPV) within the past year.DesignPowered cross-sectional study using validated participant self-reported questionnaires.Setting and participantsAdult trauma patients (no gender/age exclusions) attending one of three Scottish adult fracture clinics over 16-month period (from October 2016 to January 2018).Primary outcome measureNumber of participants answering ‘yes’ to the Woman Abuse Screening Tool question: ‘In your current relationship over the past twelve months, has your partner ever abused you physically/emotionally/sexually?’ResultsOf 336 respondents, 46% (156/336 known) were women with 65% aged over 40 (212/328 known). The overall prevalence of IPV within the preceding 12 months was 12% 39/336) for both male and female patients. The lifetime prevalence of IPV among respondents was 20% (68/336). 38% of patients who had experienced IPV within the past 12 months had been physically abused (11/29). None of the patients were being seen for an injury caused by abuse. Two-thirds of respondents thought that staff should ask routinely about IPV (55%, 217/336), but only 5% had previously been asked about abuse (18/336).ConclusionsThis is the first study worldwide investigating the prevalence of IPV in fracture clinics for both male and female patients. 12-month prevalence of IPV in fracture clinic patients is significant and not affected by gender in this study. Patients appear willing to disclose abuse within this setting and are supportive of staff asking about abuse. This presents an opportunity to identify those at risk within this vulnerable population.
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Papazisis, Georgios, Georgios Garyfallos, Chrysanthi Sardeli e Dimitrios Kouvelas. "Pregabalin abuse after past substanceseeking behavior". Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 51, n. 05 (1 maggio 2013): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/cp201881.
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Hayes, Derren. "Domestic Abuse". Children and Young People Now 2019, n. 5 (2 maggio 2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2019.5.27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cases of domestic abuse recorded by police and children's services have risen significantly over the past decade. The government has published a draft bill containing new protections to tackle the problem
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Curry, Mary Ann, Paula Renker, Susan Robinson-Whelen, Rosemary B. Hughes, Paul Swank, Mary Oschwald e Laurie E. Powers. "Facilitators and Barriers to Disclosing Abuse Among Women With Disabilities". Violence and Victims 26, n. 4 (2011): 430–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.4.430.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
An anonymous audio computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI) designed to increase awareness of abuse was completed by 305 women with diverse disabilities. Data were also collected about lifetime and past year abuse; perpetrator risk characteristics; facilitators and barriers to disclosing abuse; abuse disclosure to a health provider, case manager, or police officer; and whether a health provider had ever discussed abuse or personal safety. A total of 276 (90%) women reported abuse, 208 (68%) reported abuse within the past year. Women who reported the most abuse experiences in the past year and the most dangerous perpetrators endorsed fewer facilitators and more barriers, but were also more likely to have ever disclosed abuse. Only 15% reported that a health provider had ever discussed abuse and personal safety.
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Lev-Wiesel, Rachel, e Marianne Amir. "The Effects of Similarity Versus Dissimilarity of Spouses' Traumatic Childhood Events on Psychological Well-Being and Marital Quality". Journal of Family Issues 24, n. 6 (settembre 2003): 737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03255326.
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This study compared spouses who had experienced similar versus different childhood trauma in terms of post-traumatic symptomatology, psychological symptoms of distress, and marital quality. The sample comprised two groups: Holocaust child survivors who were sexually abused during the Holocaust and are married to Holocaust child survivors ( n = 44) who were also sexually abused, and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse married to nonsurvivors of sexual abuse ( n = 43). All participants were administered the post-traumatic stress disorder, Symptom Checklist 90-Revised, and Enrich Scale for Marital Quality questionnaires. The results revealed that compared with survivors married to partners with different past traumatic experiences, survivors who shared similar past traumatic experiences with their spouses had higher levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression, somatization, phobic-anxiety, and hostility but also expressed greater levels of marital quality.
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Kim, Su Wan, Hyun Wook Kang e Hyeok Kim. "Review of child abuse through 20-year autopsies in Jeju". Journal of Medicine and Life Science 19, n. 2 (31 agosto 2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22730/jmls.2022.19.2.31.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Child abuse is defined as any type of maltreatment and neglect by an adult, which is violent or threatening for a child, including physical violence directed to the child. Children could be abused not only by a parent or caregiver, but also by other adults on whom they are dependent, such as day nursery workers, teachers, and sports coaches. While doctors are the most responsible people for reporting any type of child abuse, their care and awareness seem to be very poor and weak. We reviewed 30 autopsy cases of child abuse, in particular during the past 20 years in Jeju Island. We expect that doctors will report any child abuse more actively after reading this review article.
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Chao, Tzee Cheng, Danny S. T. Lo e Bosco Chen Bloodworth. "Common Poisons in Singapore – Past and Present". Medicine, Science and the Law 32, n. 2 (aprile 1992): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809203200208.
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A study on past toxicological activities in Singapore enabled us to capture the trends of poisons abused in this country over the last 108 years. Until the early sixties, corrosive alkali and acids, alcohol (poisoning cases), inorganic chemicals, heavy metals and plant alkaloids were the mainstay of poisons principally used. The seventies and eighties saw a swing towards pharmaceuticals. The 1988–89 data gave alcohol (poisoning cases), pharmaceuticals, household items such as detergents, hypochlorite and antiseptic, carbon monoxide, paraquat, malathion, organic solvents (toluene and xylenes) and narcotics as the mainstay of poisons encountered. The last two classes of poisons reflect the continuing problems of glue sniffing and narcotics abuse facing Singapore.
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HEGER, ASTRID, e S. JEAN EMANS. "Introital Diameter as the Criterion for Sexual Abuse". Pediatrics 85, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1990): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.2.222.
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During the past decade, interest in the medical diagnosis of the sexually abused child has dramatically increased. Sexual abuse of children is not a recent phenomenon, but in a society reluctant to believe that children are abused, medical professionals have often been placed in the position of being asked to validate the disclosure from the child solely on the basis of medical evidence. In response to this pressure, physicians have attempted to establish standards of diagnosis by developing objective medical criteria. The legal system, accustomed to a general increase in medical knowledge and technology, has come to expect medical evidence to support an increasing number of cases of sexual abuse.
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Sarkar, Kingsuk, Suman Kumar Roy e Ritesh Singh. "A study of substance abuse among male engineering students staying at hostels in a township near Kolkata". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, n. 8 (23 luglio 2018): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182990.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Substance is being more common during college days, due to academic pressure, peer group effects, popularity and easy access to common substances. Men are more likely to engage in substance abuse. This was supposed to be more common in hostels. A study was carried out among male engineering students staying at hostels - with aims to find out the magnitude of substance abuse, to assess the potential risk of different substances abused and to find out a comparison between these two groups.Methods: Study was carried out with the help of two part questionnaire, one part containing alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test 8 item screening tool proposed by WHO (WHO-ASSIST). Other part contained socio demographic information. First 50 students, in each two colleges were enrolled in the study after getting their consent.Results: Ever use of tobacco product was found to be 66.0% and 22.0%, of alcoholic beverages: 72.0% and 26.0%, of cannabis: 46.0% and 14.0% - for students of government and private engineering college respectively. In the past 3 months, tobacco (36.0%) followed by cannabis (12.0%) were found to be the most commonly abused substances in government engineering college students while both (6.0%) cannabis and tobacco were the commonest substances of daily abuse among private engineering college students.Conclusions: High level of substance abuse was found to be present among male engineering students staying at hostels with higher level found among students of government engineering college.
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van Voren, Robert. "Ending political abuse of psychiatry: where we are at and what needs to be done". BJPsych Bulletin 40, n. 1 (febbraio 2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.049494.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryThe number of reports of political activists falling victim to the political abuse of psychiatry is increasing. When the USSR first disintegrated, this practice virtually ceased to occur. What came in its place, however, was a disturbing collection of other forms of abuses, including human rights abuses, caused by a lack of resources, outdated treatment methods, a lack of understanding of individual human rights and a growing lack of tolerance in society. The number of cases of political abuse of psychiatry has increased since the 21st century began, particularly over the past few years in Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
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Goddard, Christopher R. "Child Sexual Abuse: Past and Current Myths". Children Australia 15, n. 3 (1990): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Violence and assault within the home have always occurred in the shadows. Throwing light on the problems has never been easy, with the players in the tragedies disappearing and the action ceasing as soon as they were illuminated. For health and welfare workers now faced with large numbers of child sexual abuse victims the fact that the problem of child sexual abuse remained hidden for so long is difficult to comprehend. The evidence does not indicate a large increase in child sexual abuse, so the uncomfortable reality must be that the victims suffered in silence or their cries for help remained unheard or unheeded. As Hewitt so graphically proposes, the problem has always been:“… characterised by silence and shame on the part of the victim, and disbelief and ignorance on the part of the community.”
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MIGLIACCIO, TODD A. "Abused Husbands". Journal of Family Issues 23, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x02023001002.
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Husband abuse has been and continues to be a topic of controversy within the field of family violence. Although arguments persist over methodology, prevalence, and ideology, this study analyzes the narratives of 12 men who claimed to have been abused by their partners and compares their stories to the narratives and findings of past studies of wife abuse. In so doing, this study identifies that the accounts of the relationships of battered men and women follow similar patterns, including the structure of the relationships, the acceptance of the abuse, and the social context of the situation. This reinforces the findings of wife abuse research showing that abusive relationships display certain commonalties and reveals the necessity of future studies of battered males.
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Aswadi, Aswadi, Suriah Suriah, Stang Stang, Nurhaedar Jafar, Erniwati Ibrahim, Ridwan Amiruddin e Sukfitrianty Syahrir. "Edutainment as A Strategy of Child Sexual Abuse Prevention: Literatur Review". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, F (3 marzo 2022): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7670.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND: Child sexual abuse is the most serious public health problem in all cultures and societies that will have an impact in the future on a lost generation. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that around 120 million girls under 20 y.o. have been sexually abused. AIM: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of preventing sexual abuse in children by using an edutainment approach. METHODS: This study used an online journal database that provided free articles and journals in PDF such as Proquest, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier, and Scinapse. Literature was collected from the past 10 years, 2010–2020, using the following keywords: Edutainment, Child Sexual Abuse, Child Sexual Abuse Prevention, and Child Sexual Abuse Education Program. RESULTS: This study examining the effectiveness of edutainment in preventing child sexual abuse showed that edutainment in preventing child sexual abuse through children's play had succeeded in increasing awareness about sexual abuse in children and parents, as well as improving children's self-protection skills to recognize potential situations of abuse and resist inappropriate touch requests. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention model with edutainment approach effective for the prevention of child sexual abuse
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tom Wörden, R. "Significance of cocaine abuse in the past". European Journal of Anaesthesiology 23, n. 6 (giugno 2006): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265021506220751.
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Edwards, Valerie J., Shanta R. Dube, Vincent J. Felitti e Robert F. Anda. "It's OK to ask about past abuse." American Psychologist 62, n. 4 (2007): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x62.4.327.
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Xianlin, Wang. "Recent Developments in China’s Antimonopoly Regulations on Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights". Antitrust Bulletin 62, n. 4 (14 novembre 2017): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x17735197.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over the past decade, while strengthening intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, China has also explored means to regulate the abuse of IPRs. IPR protection in China is mainly based on the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML), in particular Article 55. Recent years have seen more and more judicial and administrative enforcement practices related to China’s antimonopoly regulation on the abuse of IPRs. Provisions on the Prohibition of the Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights to Eliminate or Restrict Competition was released on April 7, 2015, and the draft of Antimonopoly Guidelines in Relation to the Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights was released for public comment in early 2017. It can be expected that China’s antimonopoly guidelines on the regulation of abuses of IPRs will come out in the near future.
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Gaikwad, Sagar, Gajanan Jatti e Sanjay Mulaje. "ELDER ABUSE IN FAMILY: A CROSS SECTIONAL COMMUNITY BASED STUDY IN RURAL SOLAPUR, MAHARASHTRA". International Journal of Advanced Research 12, n. 02 (29 febbraio 2024): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Indias aging population is projected to grow significantly, emphasizing the need to address elder abuse, which has severe consequences and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of elder abuse, analyze patterns and associated factors among elder in rural Solapur. Methodology: A community-based observational study was conducted on elder individuals residing in a Primary Health Centres headquarters village in Solapur. By simple random sampling 279 elder residing in Headquarter village of a randomly selected Primary Health Centre in Solapur district were selected. Elder abuse was assessed through structured questionnaires, excluding sexual abuse. Results: The prevalence of elder abuse in the past year was found to be 24.73%, with psychological abuse being the most common type of abuse found in 20.43% elder. Neglect, financial abuse and physical abuse were 16.12%, 7.52% and 4.30% respectively. Factors significantly associated with elder abuse included gender, marital status, occupation, personal income and possession of property. Higher prevalence of abuse was observed among females, widowed individuals, currently working elders, those with lower incomes, and those without property or assets. Conclusions: Elder abuse in family environment was found to be occurring in rural area of Solapur, with every fourth elder being abused. Present study highlights the importance of addressing elder abuse, especially psychological abuse, among rural elder populations.
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Flores, Renee J., Adalberto Campo-Arias, Jim P. Stimpson, Claudia M. Chalela e Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz. "The Association Between Past Sexual Abuse and Depression in Older Adults From Colombia". Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 31, n. 1 (26 novembre 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988717743588.
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To explore the association between past sexual abuse and depression in elders living in Bogotá, Colombia, we used data from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento [Health, Well-being, and Aging]) Bogotá Study. Participants were 2000 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older in 2012. Sexual abuse was assessed by self-report. Depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. The weighted prevalence estimate was 2.6% for past sexual abuse and 23.4% for depression. Multivariate data analyses showed significantly higher odds of depression for past sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-7.16). Other characteristics associated with depression were history of being displaced by violence (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.30-2.40), low socioeconomic status, low education, poor self-rated health status, and poor self-rated memory. Thus, past sexual abuse and history of being displaced by violence were strongly associated with depression among Colombian elderly individuals.
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Kong, Jooyoung, e Scott D. Easton. "Re-experiencing Violence Across the Life Course: Histories of Childhood Maltreatment and Elder Abuse Victimization". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, n. 5 (26 marzo 2018): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objectives This study primarily examines the associations between histories of childhood maltreatment (i.e., neglect, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse) and elder abuse victimization and explores whether gender moderates the associations. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of 5,968 older adults (mean age = 71 years) based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (2010–2011). Using retrospective self-reports of childhood and current (past 12 months) victimization experiences, logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the effects of early-life adversities on the likelihood of elder abuse victimization. Results Results indicate that childhood emotional abuse and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were associated with greater risk of being abused as older adults, after controlling for childhood and adult background factors. We also found that the effect of CSA on elder abuse victimization was weaker for women than men. Discussion Findings suggest that the phenomenon of revictimization may occur not only in early and middle adulthood, but also in late life. To advance our understanding of victimization across the life course, future research on root causes of elder abuse should include histories of child abuse.
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Gaffney, Kate. "Hiding behind the past: Understanding historical abuse in out-of-home care". Children Australia 33, n. 4 (2008): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200000444.
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This article addresses common misconceptions about the historic abuse of children in Victoria during the mid-twentieth century, including those contained in the 2006 official Victorian Government apology to state wards. The article has two aims – firstly, to consider allegations of abuse and some common reactions to, and explanations of those allegations; and, secondly, to test the abuse allegations against the 1954 and 1960 Victorian Children's Welfare Regulations concerning the use of corporal punishment in Children's Homes. The author contends that historical relativism and the notion that abuse allegations can be explained as a feature of changing attitudes towards children and discipline do not stand up to scrutiny and inhibit useful examination of the causes and consequences of abuse in out-of-home care.
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Choi, Edmond Pui Hang, Janet Yuen Ha Wong e Daniel Yee Tak Fong. "An Emerging Risk Factor of Sexual Abuse: The Use of Smartphone Dating Applications". Sexual Abuse 30, n. 4 (2 ottobre 2016): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063216672168.
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Smartphone dating applications (apps) have become popular in recent years. However, the association between the use of dating apps and sexual abuse remains uninvestigated. The aim of this study was to examine the association between using dating apps and the sexual abuse of males and females. Six hundred sixty-six participants were recruited in four universities in Hong Kong in 2015. Overall, the 1-year prevalence of sexual abuse was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: [9.8, 14.9]) and the lifetime prevalence was 14.2% (95% CI: [11.5, 16.9]). Multiple logistic regressions found that users of dating apps (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.13, p < .05) were more likely to be sexually abused in the past year than non-users. Using dating apps was also a risk factor of lifetime sexual abuse (aOR: 1.83, p < .05). Our findings suggest that app users should deserve more attention in risk assessment, risk stratification, and sexual abuse prevention programs.
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Ely, Gretchen E., e Melanie D. Otis. "An Examination of Intimate Partner Violence and Psychological Stressors in Adult Abortion Patients". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, n. 16 (30 gennaio 2011): 3248–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510393004.
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The purpose of this article is to describe an exploratory study examining the relationship between intimate partner violence and psychological stressors in a sample of 188 adult abortion patients. Results indicate the almost 15% of respondents report a history of abuse by the coconceiving partner. In addition, women who reported having had one or more past abortions were more likely to also report that the person involved in the current pregnancy had also emotionally abused them. Women reporting one type of partner abuse were significantly more likely to also report other types of abuse. Women reporting abuse were less likely to report informing their coconceiving partner of their appointment at the clinic, less likely to report that their partner contributed financially to the abortion cost, and more likely to report partner refusal to wear a condom. Women who reported emotional abuse were more likely to score higher on all but one of the psychological stressor scales. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Nagar, Maayan, e Ora Nakash. "Can I Leave the Past Behind? Associations between Childhood Abuse and Adult Psychopathology". Healthcare 12, n. 3 (5 febbraio 2024): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030412.
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Background: Research consistently shows that abuse during childhood is related to adult psychopathology. Information regarding childhood abuse is frequently collected from either previous documentation or from participants’ self-reports. Objective: In the current study, we combined information on reports of childhood abuse from several informants (patients, treating clinicians, and independent interviewer), as well as diagnostic assessments of adult patients based on independent interviewer assessments based on structured diagnostic interviews (SCID) and clinician judgments, to better examine the association between exposure to abuse during childhood and adult psychopathology. Participants and Setting: A convenience sample of patients in community mental health and hospital-based clinics (N = 170) and their clinicians (N = 80) participated in the study. Methods: Patients and clinicians completed the Clinical Data Form. Patients also completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Independent interviewer-assessed patients and completed the Familial Experiences Interview. Clinicians completed a diagnostic assessment of their patients based on clinical judgment. Independent interviewers completed the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID). Results: Reports of exposure to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse during childhood from all informants correlated with the treating clinician’s diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD; r range 0.23–0.37, p < 0.05), but not with SCID diagnosis of BPD. Clinician and SCID diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) correlated with patient and interviewer reports of childhood sexual abuse (r range 0.23–0.30, p < 0.05), but there were no correlations with treating clinician’s reports of sexual abuse. Conclusions: The association between BPD and childhood abuse is consistent across different ratings and measurements. The study raises questions of the ability of a structured interview to accurately capture BPD and highlights the connection between sexual abuse and PTSD, and the importance of treating clinicians’ examination of childhood sexual abuse among their patients.
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El-Bassel, Nabila, Louisa Gilbert, Satya Krishnan, Robert F. Schilling, Theodore Gaeta, Stacey Purpura e Susan S. Witte. "Partner Violence and Sexual HIV-Risk Behaviors Among Women in an Inner-City Emergency Department". Violence and Victims 13, n. 4 (gennaio 1998): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.4.377.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines the relationship between partner violence and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of predominantly Latina and African American women who sought medical care from a New York City hospital emergency department. Eligibility criteria selected women between the ages of 18 and 55, who were sexually active in the past 90 days, and were triaged to nonemergency care. The interview addressed demographics, partner violence, childhood abuse, sexual behavior, and drug and alcohol use. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between partner violence and history of having a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and of having sex with a risky partner. Nearly one half of the 143 respondents (46.1 %, n = 66) reported that they had experienced physical, sexual, or life-threatening abuse by a boyfriend or spouse in the past and 17.5% reported that abuse had occurred within the past year. In the univariate analyses, abused women were more likely than nonabused women to report having had an STD; engaging in sex with a risky partner; having more than one sexual partner; and being tested for HIV. After controlling for confounding variables, abused women were almost five times more likely than their counterparts to have reported an STD and four times more likely to engage in sex with a risky sexual partner. The relationship between partner violence and sexual risk behaviors among women seeking treatment in an emergency department suggests the need for the development of HIV-risk reduction strategies that address the needs of women in abusive relationships.
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Wheatley, Patrick, e Philip Birch. "The Hate Crime-Violent Extremism nexus: An assessment of the relationship". Abuse: An International Impact Journal 4, n. 1 (17 aprile 2023): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2023.046.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The past few decades have seen hate crime receive significant academic attention. Yet, while academics have researched the many aspects of hate crime, gaps still remain in the evidence base. This paper seeks to examine one of those gaps: the relationship between hate crime and violent extremism. To examine this relationship, the paper utilised a Rapid Evidence Assessment methodology. The authors searched multiple online databases with a focus on post ‘9/11’ literature through to December 2020, yielding a total of 38 articles. The research explored components of violent extremism and their similarities and differences to hate crime. Findings showed that while there is a relationship between hate crime and violent extremism, the nature and extent of this nexus is quite specific. Accordingly, by targeting the similarities between the two, practices and interventions that seek to prevent one may also be applied to the other.
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Gabert, Danielle L., Sumit R. Majumdar, Arya M. Sharma, Christian F. Rueda-Clausen, Scott W. Klarenbach, Daniel W. Birch, Shahzeer Karmali, Linda McCargar, Konrad Fassbender e Raj S. Padwal. "Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Reported Sexual Abuse in Severely Obese Patients in a Population-Based Bariatric Program". Journal of Obesity 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/374050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Sexual abuse may be associated with poorer weight loss outcomes following bariatric treatment. Identifying predictors of abuse would enable focused screening and may increase weight management success.Methods. We analyzed data from 500 consecutively recruited obese subjects from a population-based, regional bariatric program. The prevalence of self-reported sexual abuse was ascertained using a single interview question. Health status was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify sexual abuse predictors.Results. The mean age was 43.7 y (SD 9.6), 441 (88.2%) were females, 458 (91.8%) were white, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 47.9 kg/m2(SD 8.1). The self-reported prevalence of past abuse was 21.8% (95% CI 18.4–25.4%). Abused subjects had worse health status (VAS score 53.1 (SD 21.2) versus 58.0 (SD 20.1),P=0.03). BMI was not associated with abuse (P>0.5). Age, sex, BMI, and covariate-adjusted independent predictors of abuse included alcohol addiction (adjusted odds ratio 15.8; 95% CI 4.0–62.8), posttraumatic stress disorder (4.9; 2.5–9.5), borderline personality (3.8; 1.0–13.8), depression (2.4; 1.3–4.3), and lower household income (3.4; 1.6–7.0).Conclusions. Abuse was common amongst obese patients managed in a population-based bariatric program; alcohol addiction, psychiatric comorbidities, and low-income status were highly associated with sexual abuse.
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Throesch, Elizabeth, e Peter Rawlings. "Henry James and the Abuse of the Past". Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 39, n. 1 (1 aprile 2006): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20464173.
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White, Amina. "Responding to Prenatal Disclosure of Past Sexual Abuse". Obstetrics & Gynecology 123, n. 6 (giugno 2014): 1344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000000266.
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Lu, Lin, Yuxia Fang e Xi Wang. "Drug Abuse in China: Past, Present and Future". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 28, n. 4 (8 novembre 2007): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10571-007-9225-2.
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Hope, P., G. McGraw e A. I. Anton. "Misuse and abuse cases: getting past the positive". IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine 2, n. 3 (maggio 2004): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2004.17.
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Scherer, Z. A. P., e E. A. Scherer. "Knowledge and violence experience of female prisoners in their past life". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo 2011): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73387-9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionExposure to violence, particularly physical or sexual abuse, are frequently part of female prisoners’ past personal history.ObjectiveVerify female prisoners’ knowledge on violence and contextualize the violence they experienced, suffered or witnessed before prison.AimsGet to know the perceptions and meanings the female prisoners attributed to violence.MethodExploratory and descriptive study, carried out at the Female Penitentiary of Ribeirão Preto (SP) - Brazil. A semistructured interview was applied to 15 prisoners. The results were submitted to thematic content analysis.ResultsTwo categories were identified. “What violence is”: they recognized interpersonal (intra-family and community) and self-inflicted violence. Regarding the nature, they mentioned physical aggressions, sexual abuse, psychological abuse and negligence. They assess that these practices occur for random and futile motives, with family connivance and complicity. They consider violence a social problem, resulting from inequalities, lack of access to education and employment opportunities. “Violence in past life”: as victims and spectators - physical aggressions (body fight), sexual abuse and mistreatment in interpersonal relations (rejection, depreciation, discrimination, disrespect, intimidation, oppression, exaggerated charge or punishment). As perpetrators of physical aggression, homicides, assaults and drugs traffic, they appoint alcohol and drugs abuse as the main motivator for aggressions and crimes.ConclusionBased on this study, can be suggested the need to construct public policies against violence in primary care, mainly at home, where the violence cycle seems to start.
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Rahman, Mohammed, e Maram Abdulkader. "Living Rough: An exploratory study on the vulnerabilities of rough sleepers in Birmingham, United Kingdom". Abuse: An International Journal 3, n. 1 (10 marzo 2022): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rough sleeping homeless cohort is a marginalised population that has steadily increased over the past 10 years, across the United Kingdom (UK). Understanding this type of homelessness and the vulnerabilities associated with it is crucial, as it is often misconstrued due to policy ambiguity. This article examines rough sleepers as a vulnerable cohort and explores the precursors that lead to them becoming vulnerable and subsequently victimised. The key findings revealed that rough sleepers frequently endure implicit and explicit modes of exploitation. Their implicit exploitation puts them in a position of vulnerability that affects their ability to trust the public, statutory and third sector organisations. This questions their belonging in society and forces them to establish new ties and bonds, which exposes them to additional vulnerabilities. The explicit exploitation is the mere exposure of living in the streets, which puts them at greater risk of being victimised by the public, statutory bodies and criminal groups. This article concludes by offering practical recommendations of how the issue of rough sleeping can be better addressed via multi-agency, governmental, and academic work.
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Chiu, Dorothy, Cindy Leung, Elissa Epel e Barbara Laraia. "Diet Quality and Depression in A Midlife Biracial Cohort of Women: The Role of Stress And Early Life Adversity". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 maggio 2020): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objectives Stress exposure may impose an altered physiological state to modify relations between diet and the brain. We investigate if current perceived stress and childhood trauma might moderate diet quality and depression risk associations in women. Methods Preliminary data for white and black women (n = 326, mean age: 39 y) taking part in the National Growth and Health Study follow-up were analyzed by multiple logistic regression models. Women at-risk for depression (score ≥ 16) were identified by the CES-D scale. Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 scores (continuous) were calculated from 3-day food records (averaged). Current perceived stress (scoring in the top tertile on Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale; here ≥20) and past childhood trauma (any exposure to physical abuse, sexual abuse, or a household member afflicted with addiction) were examined as effect modifiers (binary). Interaction terms between AHEI scores and each stress measure were tested in crude and final logistic models adjusted for race, income, and health status. Subsequent marginal analyses evaluated significance of differences in predicted probability of depression risk between stressed and non-stressed groups over AHEI. Results Interactions between AHEI and high perceived stress (P = 0.03), past physical abuse (P = 0.08), and past sexual abuse (P = 0.04) were significant in crude models. After adjustment, AHEI with high stress (P = 0.04) and physical abuse (P = 0.09) maintained some significance. In crude and adjusted models, predicted probabilities of depression risk were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in high vs. low perceived stress women, as well as between women with past physical or sexual abuse vs. those without. However, these differences were only observed for AHEI scores above certain thresholds (in adjusted analyses: approx. AHEI ≥35 for high perceived stress, AHEI ≥58 for physical abuse, and AHEI ≥55 for sexual abuse). For AHEI scores outside those ranges, differences between predicted probabilities of depression were not seen (P > 0.05). Prior living with addiction did not modify diet-depression relations (P > 0.05). Conclusions Complex interplay between stress and adversity, diet quality, and depression in adult women exists, substantiating need for more research to understand underlying vulnerabilities and potential dietary intervention. Funding Sources NIH/NICHHD.
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Craner, Julia R., Eric S. Lake, Kimberly E. Bancroft e Karen M. Hanson. "Partner Abuse Among Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Chronic Pain: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Association with Pain-Related Outcomes". Pain Medicine 21, n. 11 (4 giugno 2020): 2789–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objective This study assessed the prevalence of abusive partner relationships among individuals presenting for chronic pain treatment. In addition, this study examined the association between partner abuse histories and pain-relevant outcome variables. Design Cross-sectional. Setting This study took place at a specialty pain rehabilitation treatment center in the Midwestern United States. Subjects Participants in this study (N = 108) included adults (Mage = 45.73 [15.95] years) presenting for chronic pain treatment who consented to participate in a research study on stress, relationships, and chronic pain. Methods Participants completed self-report measures about relationship and abuse histories, physical and mental health, and demographic information. Participants were categorized into the following groups: no intimate partner violence (IPV), past IPV (>12 months ago), or current/recent IPV (≤12 months ago). Results Results indicated that over half (56%) of the sample endorsed a history of partner abuse and around one-third (29%) of the sample had experienced abuse within the past year. Psychological/emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse reported. Those with current/recent abuse histories reported greater impairment in pain interference, post-traumatic stress symptoms, mental health functioning, and pain self-efficacy compared with those who had not experienced abuse in the past year. Conclusions Partner abuse appears common among individuals with chronic pain and is associated with pain-relevant outcomes, warranting additional clinical attention and research in this area.
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Sooryanarayana, Rajini, Wan Yuen Choo, Noran N. Hairi, Karuthan Chinna, Farizah Hairi, Zainudin Mohamad Ali, Sharifah Nor Ahmad et al. "The prevalence and correlates of elder abuse and neglect in a rural community of Negeri Sembilan state: baseline findings from The Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO), a population-based survey". BMJ Open 7, n. 8 (agosto 2017): e017025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundAs Malaysia is fast becoming an ageing nation, the health, safety and welfare of elders are major societal concerns. Elder abuse is a phenomenon recognised abroad but less so locally. This paper presents the baseline findings from the Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO) study, the first community-based study on elder abuse in Malaysia.DesignCross-sectional study, analysing baseline findings of a cohort of older adults.SettingKuala Pilah district, Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of elder abuse among community dwelling older adults and its associated factors.ParticipantsA total of 2112 community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited employing a multistage sampling using the national census.Primary and secondary outcome measuresElder abuse, measured using a validated instrument derived from previous literature and the modified Conflict Tactic Scales, similar to the Irish national prevalence survey on elder abuse with modification to local context. Factors associated with abuse and profiles of respondents were also examined.ResultsThe prevalence of overall abuse was reported to be 4.5% in the past 12 months. Psychological abuse was most common, followed by financial, physical, neglect and sexual abuse. Two or more occurrences of abusive acts were common, while clustering of various types of abuse was experienced by one-third of abused elders. Being male (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.15, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.78), being at risk of social isolation (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.58), a prior history of abuse (aOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.40 to 7.68) and depressive symptomatology (aOR 7.83, 95% CI 2.88 to 21.27) were independently associated with overall abuse.ConclusionElder abuse occurred among one in every 20 elders. The findings on elder abuse indicate the need to enhance elder protection in Malaysia, with both screening of and interventions for elder abuse.
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Pisano, Vincent D., Nathaniel P. Putnam, Hannah M. Kramer, Kevin J. Franciotti, John H. Halpern e Selma C. Holden. "The association of psychedelic use and opioid use disorders among illicit users in the United States". Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, n. 5 (14 febbraio 2017): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117691453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Preliminary studies show psychedelic compounds administered with psychotherapy are potentially effective and durable substance misuse interventions. However, little is known about the association between psychedelic use and substance misuse in the general population. This study investigated the association between psychedelic use and past year opioid use disorders within illicit opioid users. Methods: While controlling for socio-demographic covariates and the use of other substances, the relationship between classic psychedelic use and past year opioid use disorders was analyzed within 44,000 illicit opioid users who completed the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2008 to 2013. Results: Among respondents with a history of illicit opioid use, psychedelic drug use is associated with 27% reduced risk of past year opioid dependence (weighted risk ratio = 0.73 (0.60–0.89) p = 0.002) and 40% reduced risk of past year opioid abuse (weighted risk ratio = 0.60 (0.41–0.86) p = 0.006). Other than marijuana use, which was associated with 55% reduced risk of past year opioid abuse (weighted risk ratio = 0.45 (0.30–0.66) p < 0.001), no other illicit drug was associated with reduced risk of past year opioid dependence or abuse. Conclusion: Experience with psychedelic drugs is associated with decreased risk of opioid abuse and dependence. Conversely, other illicit drug use history is largely associated with increased risk of opioid abuse and dependence. These findings suggest that psychedelics are associated with positive psychological characteristics and are consistent with prior reports suggesting efficacy in treatment of substance use disorders.
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Ulibarri, Monica D., Shirley J. Semple, Swati Rao, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Miguel A. Fraga-Vallejo, Jesus Bucardo, Adela De la Torre et al. "History of Abuse and Psychological Distress Symptoms Among Female Sex Workers in Two Mexico–U.S. Border Cities". Violence and Victims 24, n. 3 (giugno 2009): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.3.399.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined histories of past emotional, physical, and sexual abuse as correlates of current psychological distress using data from 916 female sex workers (FSWs) who were enrolled in a safer-sex behavioral intervention in Tijuana and Ciudad (Cd.) Juarez, Mexico. We hypothesized that histories of abuse would be associated with higher symptom levels of depression and somatization and that social support would moderate the relationship. Nonparametric correlations and a series of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that all forms of past abuse predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms, and physical and sexual abuse were significantly associated with higher levels of somatic symptoms. Social support was also significantly associated with fewer symptoms of distress; however, it was not shown to moderate the relationship between abuse history and distress.
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Groth-Marnat, Gary, e Naomi Michel. "DISSOCIATION, COMORBIDITY OF DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS, AND CHILDHOOD ABUSE IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF WOMEN WITH CURRENT AND PAST BULIMIA". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 28, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2000): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2000.28.3.279.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dissociation and childhood sexual abuse were examined in a community sample of current bulimics (N=47), past bulimics (N=29), and non-bulimic controls (N=37). All respondents completed questionnaires requesting information relating to bulimia, dissociation, and incidence and severity of childhood sexual abuse. Participants scoring high on the measure of dissociation (N=21) were further assessed with a structured clinical interview to determine the proportion who would fulfill the formal criteria for a DSM-IV dissociative disorder. Results indicated that dissociation was highest among current bulimics, and that past bulimics had lower levels of dissociation than current bulimics (although higher than non-bulimic controls). However, there was no association between level of dissociation and incidence of reported childhood sexual abuse. In addition, the incidence of childhood sexual abuse was no higher among bulimics than among the general population – although the severity of the abuse was reported to have been higher. The severity of self-reported childhood sexual abuse was also found to be higher among current bulimics than among past bulimics. Comorbidity of DSM-IV dissociative disorders among current bulimics was found to be 10%.
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Pengpid, Supa, e Karl Peltzer. "The Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation, Plans and Suicide Attempts among 15- to 69-Year-Old Persons in Eswatini". Behavioral Sciences 10, n. 11 (10 novembre 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10110172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of ever suicide attempt and past 12-month suicidal ideation, plans and/or attempts among persons aged 15–69 years in Eswatini. Cross-sectional nationally representative data from 3281 persons (33 years median age, range 15–69) of the 2014 Eswatini STEPS Survey were analysed. Results indicate that 3.6% of participants had attempted suicide, and 10.1% engaged in past 12-month suicidal ideation, plan and/or attempts. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, having family members who died from suicide and childhood sexual abuse were associated with ever suicide attempt. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, female sex, adult sexual abuse, threats and family member attempted suicide were associated with ever suicide attempt. In adjusted logistic regression, female sex, childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual abuse, threats, family alcohol problems and having family members who died from suicide were associated with past 12-month suicidal ideation, plan and/or attempts. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, 25–34-year-old participants, unemployed and other, childhood physical abuse, violent injury, family member attempted suicide and having had a heart attack, angina or stroke were associated with past 12-month suicidal ideation, plans and/or attempts. One in ten participants were engaged in suicidal ideation, plans and/or attempts in the past 12 months, and several associated factors were identified that can inform intervention programmes.
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Um, Mee Young, Hee Jin Kim e Lawrence A. Palinkas. "Correlates of Domestic Violence Victimization Among North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, n. 13 (6 gennaio 2016): 2037–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515622297.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although many North Korean (NK) refugee women are victims of domestic violence (DV) in North Korea, face sexual exploitation during migration, and remain at risk of DV while adapting to life in South Korea, there is no empirical evidence about risk factors for DV in this population. To fill this gap, this study examined whether gender role beliefs, child abuse history, and sociocultural adaptation were associated with past-year physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse, and whether they were associated with multiple forms of abuse. We also explored whether these associations were similar or different across different types of DV among NK refugee women. A sample of 180 ever-married NK refugee women in South Korea from the 2010 National Survey on Family Violence was used for analysis. Physical abuse was associated with more traditional gender role beliefs; emotional abuse and multiple forms of abuse were associated with lower levels of sociocultural adaptation; and sexual and economic abuse were associated with an increased likelihood of childhood abuse and poor sociocultural adaptation. Our study findings underscore the importance of assisting NK refugee women to be better adapted to the new culture in a practical way, because better sociocultural adaptation might protect them from experiencing various types of abuse. At the same time, findings of this study highlight the need for empowering NK refugee women who report physical abuse by educating their rights and altering their traditional beliefs of gender roles, and screening of childhood abuse and providing culturally sensitive psychotherapy to those who report sexual or economic abuse. Moreover, we suggest future studies to examine correlates of different forms of abuse separately because they can inform culturally tailored interventions for abused NK refugee women. To prevent further victimization, educational programs should be provided to NK refugee women at an early stage of resettlement in South Korea.
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Cassidy, MPH, Theresa A., Eileen Thorley, MPH, Ryan A. Black, PhD, Angela DeVeaugh-Geiss, PhD, Stephen F. Butler, PhD e Paul Coplan, ScD. "Abuse of reformulated OxyContin: Updated findings from a sentinel surveillance sample of individuals assessed for substance use disorder". Journal of Opioid Management 13, n. 6 (7 dicembre 2017): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2017.0419.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To examine abuse prevalence for OxyContin and comparator opioids over a 6-year period prior to and following market entry of reformulated OxyContin and assess consistency in abuse across treatment settings and geographic regions. Design: An observational study examining longitudinal changes using cross-sectional data from treatment centers for substance use disorder.Setting: A total of 874 facilities in 39 states in the United States within the National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program (NAVIPPRO®) surveillance system.Participants: Adults (72,060) assessed for drug problems using the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV®) from January 2009 through December 2015 who abused prescription opioids.Main outcome measure(s): Percent change in past 30-day abuse. Results: OxyContin had significantly lower abuse 5 years after reformulation compared to levels for original OxyContin. Consistency of magnitude in OxyContin abuse reductions across geographic regions, ranging from 41 to 52 percent with differences in abuse reductions in treatment setting categories occurred. Changes in geographic region and treatment settings across study years did not bias the estimate of lower OxyContin abuse through confounding.Conclusion: In the postmarket setting, limitations and methodologic challenges in abuse measurement exist and it is difficult to isolate singular impacts of any one intervention given the complexity of prescription opioid abuse. Expectations for a reasonable threshold of abuse for any one ADF product or ADF opioids as a class are still uncertain and undefined. A significant decline in abuse prevalence of reformulated OxyContin was observed 5 years after its reformulation among this treatment sample of individuals assessed for substance use disorder that was lower historically for the original formulation of this product.
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Goodman, Gail S., Lauren Gonzalves e Samara Wolpe. "False Memories and True Memories of Childhood Trauma: Balancing the Risks". Clinical Psychological Science 7, n. 1 (21 settembre 2018): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702618797106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How often do clinical psychologists discuss with their adult clients the possibility that the clients might have been abused as children but had repressed the memory? If during the course of therapy clients remember being abused as children when the clients had no previous memories of such abuse, how likely is it that the memories are false? These questions underlie Patihis and Pendergrast’s Mechanical Turk survey study (this issue, p. 3). We discuss relevant scientific findings, including from longitudinal research on adults who as children experienced documented child maltreatment. We question inferences and generalizations resulting from the methodology Patihis and Pendergrast employed. We argue that clinicians are often justified in asking about past child abuse, remembered and forgotten, and that clinicians and researchers should strive to balance the risk of adults forming false memories with the need for adults to overcome childhood trauma.
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Gallen, James. "Institutions and Ireland: Mother and Baby Homes and Transitional Justice". Irish University Review 52, n. 1 (maggio 2022): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2022.0545.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article addresses the extent to which historical abuses can be evaluated through the lens of transitional justice. Transitional justice concerns a society’s attempts to address widespread or systemic human rights violations. This article will evaluate the approach taken in Ireland in responding to abuse claims in the context of Mother and Baby Homes and, specifically, the government response to the Commission of Investigation into Mother and Baby Homes in 2021. In its manner of addressing cases of institutional abuse, the Republic of Ireland risks ignoring the best practices adopted through a transitional justice paradigm, and thus missing the opportunity to demonstrate the central significance of institutional abuse to national identity, to a transformed national narrative and to the relationship of Church and State. Finally, this process of addressing the past may neglect to comprehensively acknowledge the rights held and harms experienced by victim-survivors. The Irish government’s response has so far failed to prioritize their voices and preferences as the central feature of how we view and redress historical institutional abuse.
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Fiore, Greg. "Math-Abused Students: Are We Prepared to Teach Them?" Mathematics Teacher 92, n. 5 (maggio 1999): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.92.5.0403.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article deals with students whose math anxiety resulted from past verbal or physical abuse, in particular, abuse by a teacher or parent while doing mathematics. Let us define math abuse as any negative experience related to an individual's doing mathematics.
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Martin-Champetier, Antoine, Anaïs Caujolle, Emmanuelle Bosdure, Violaine Bresson, Audrey Aschero, Catherine Desvignes, Nathalie Colavolpe et al. "Relevance of Routine Abdominopelvic Ultrasound in Suspected Child Abuse in Children Under 2 years of Age: Review of 15 years of Experience". Child Maltreatment 27, n. 2 (19 novembre 2021): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775595211054751.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In France, the current recommendation is to perform a routine abdominopelvic ultrasound in any child under 2 years of age who is suspected to have been abused. We retrospectively studied the relevance of this practice in our center over the past fifteen years. This was a descriptive, retrospective study of all children under 2 years of age who had been subject to suspected abuse. Abdominal images and reports were reviewed and cross-referenced with possible clinical and biological signs. Four hundred and five children were included between 2006 and 2020, of whom 296 underwent abdominal imaging (2 initial abdominopelvic CT scans, 4 ultrasounds followed by CT scans, and 290 ultrasounds alone). Four examinations revealed traumatic abnormalities related to abuse. These four children all had clinical or biological anomalies. In the absence of clinical or biological signs, no imagery showed any abnormality related to abuse.