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1
Avcıoğlu, Banu Çiçek, e Hüdayim Başak. "Increasing efficiency with biomimetic approach in thermoregulative building envelope strategies supporting internal thermal comfort". World Journal of Environmental Research 10, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjer.v10i2.5347.
Abstract (sommario):
There has been a plea for sustainable use of resources since the twentieth century. Buildings are known to consume forty percent of the world’s resources. Resources such as gas, oil, coal and electrical energy used in heating, cooling and ventilation of buildings are limited, as well as causing air pollution and climate change. For this reason, the energy resources used in the buildings should be used effectively, considering environmental concerns. The aim of this study is to describe the shift in efficient use of energy in buildings using a biomimetic approach in thermoregulative building envelope strategies that support internal thermal comfort. In this study, passive systems integrated into buildings which use solar energy, one of the renewable energy sources for heating, cooling and ventilation purposes have been examined. The methods followed by nature in using solar energy are discussed with the biomimetic approach and suggestions have been made to support the increase of energy efficiency by applying the obtained teachings to passive building envelopes. Keywords: biomimetics; building envelope; kinetic building envelope; passive strategies; Thermal comfort
2
Liu, Chao, Chunhai Sun, Guangyuan Li, Wenjia Yang e Fang Wang. "Numerical Simulation Analyses on Envelope Structures of Economic Passive Buildings in Severe Cold Region". Buildings 13, n. 4 (21 aprile 2023): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041098.
Abstract (sommario):
The present study provides comprehensive analyses of a newly constructed passive energy-efficient building located in Harbin, China, which is a prime example of how to design a passive building that withstands the severe cold climate in northeast Asia. Conduction transfer functions of heat flux equilibrium are employed to simulate energy consumption characteristics of the paradigm passive building. The climatic conditions in severe cold region are analyzed, and the energy-saving designs in the studied engineering cases are summarized for their practical applications. Building physical models are established to perform numerical simulation analyses on the passive building paradigm in northeast Asian frigid zone. The dominant technical parameters of envelope structure affecting energy consumption in severe cold region, including thermal insulation thickness and heat transfer coefficient of building envelope, as well as window-to-wall ratio for each building facade, are taken into consideration as simulation variables to calculate cooling load, heating load, electricity consumption, and CO2 emission, which account for energy efficiency of passive buildings. The simulation results demonstrate the high energy-saving potential of the proposed passive building design and render the optimal energy-efficient parameters suitable for severe cold regions, which can reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission while ensuring comfort for occupants. The present study provides a theoretical reference for envelope structures of passive buildings in severe cold regions, which is of great significance to the development of green buildings and relevant policies.
3
Ko, Young Sun, e Sang Tae No. "A Case Study on the Verification of Passive Office Energy Performance Comparing Actual Energy Consumption to Simulation Result". Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (agosto 2013): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.427.
Abstract (sommario):
The objective of this study is to verify energy performance of passive office building compared to existing building using computer simulation tool, EnergyPlus. S building was selected as a passive office building, which is the first passive office building in KOREA, and the building satisfy the passive house standard. The annual energy consumption data were compared to the heating and cooling load result of EnergyPlus, to verify simulation accuracy. The conditions of existing building were selected from Korean envelope standard and the categories of the conditions are the insulation thickness and glazing composition. As a result, the passive office showed 28% reduced energy consumption, compared to the existing building, with ordinary envelope under Korean building envelope standard.
4
Bachrun, Abraham Seno, Ting Zhen Ming e Anastasia Cinthya. "BUILDING ENVELOPE COMPONENT TO CONTROL THERMAL INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN SUSTAINABLE BUILDING: A REVIEW". SINERGI 23, n. 2 (12 luglio 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2019.2.001.
Abstract (sommario):
The engineering of building envelope aims is to achieve building energy efficiency which uses shading device to increase the shaded area. Also, to reduce heat gain by the building from solar radiation, this will reduce the energy load on the building. This paper aim to focuses on the deepening of technology of building envelope elements, and how the building envelope can control the thermal comfort as part of the indoor environment in a building that carries sustainability architecture. In conclusion, finally, reveal that the principles of passive design on building envelope have a great influence on the comfort level in the building. It is not possible to create a design that meets the thermal comfort requirements by emphasizing the design of building envelopes. The goal to be achieved in sustainable design is to minimize the use of the current design that takes much energy (almost14% world energy consumption) to address the issue of energy crisis lately.
5
Wagner, Karl. "Adaption of a tropical passive house as holistic approach". South Florida Journal of Development 3, n. 3 (7 giugno 2022): 3755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n3-056.
Abstract (sommario):
Several attempts have been made in tropical countries to conduct green mock-up research on which parameters can better withstand the heat and humidity: Walls, windows, roofs, and even shadings have been tested in mainly so-called contrived experiments. The challenge of a tropical "holistic" Passive building is to bring ALL those relevant parameters into play in different seasonal and weather situations whilst expelling the interference of the hot outside air. In principle, this is happening anyway for most commercial buildings and Passive Houses in all other hemispheres alike, but it is not common for tropical residential building strategies. The author refers back to a database of 250 days from a suburban area in Malaysia. Data out of 4 typically hot months in the year 2017 in detail with 3 adjacent real mini-residential Passive and 1 "red" House(s) with the same positioning for ambient temperature and the most vulnerable part of the building envelope which is the window were cross-examined. The well insulated, basically almost airtight and optimum shaded building with ventilation performed cooler in almost all cases during the rainy season and the increasing number of transition periods. Without aircon and due to the lack of a moisture barrier it remained humid, but with no harm for occupants and the building envelope. The Passive holistic design will work best i.e. energy efficiently in a combination of a) nighttime active usage of green cooling (i.e. cross ventilation or water-based cooling ceilings). During b) daytime, among other related modules looked in, cooling is based upon passive envelope features PLUS shading. For various reasons, compared to buildings in the colder hemisphere (such as tropical thin building envelope and no triple glazing required), the payback of the Tropical Mass Residential Passive House comparing OPEX and CAPEX is reasonable with 5-6 years.
6
Zhang, Ning, e Yu Bi. "The development and application of passive architecture in China". E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504019.
Abstract (sommario):
Passive buildings can achieve energy saving goals through their own spatial form, envelope, building materials and structural design. However, at present, there are many problems in the development of passive buildings in China, such as inadequate foundation, unreasonable passive design, which make the development of passive buildings have many obstacles, not conducive to the promotion of the construction industry. Therefore, this paper analyzes the obstacle factors of passive buildings and puts forward reasonable solutions for reference.
7
Sadineni, Suresh B., Srikanth Madala e Robert F. Boehm. "Passive building energy savings: A review of building envelope components". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, n. 8 (ottobre 2011): 3617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.014.
8
Xu, Feng, YuTing Ding, Hongxi Zhang e Yu Zhang. "Research on Passive Reconstruction and Energy Supply System of Existing Buildings in Cold Areas". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2202, n. 1 (1 giugno 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2202/1/012049.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Faced with the problems of existing buildings in cold areas, such as poor insulation performance of envelope, high heating cost and substandard indoor temperature in winter, based on DeST-h energy consumption simulation software, taking typical single buildings in Zhangjiakou as an example, several factors affecting building energy consumption were analyzed. The building energy consumption values in heating season under 9 envelope reconstruction conditions were obtained by orthogonal experiments, and 4 different energy supply systems were designed for buildings under 9 envelope reconstruction conditions. The “with or without comparison method” is used to evaluate the building energy efficiency of 40 working conditions after the superposition of the initial state and passive transformation of existing buildings in the whole life cycle. The evaluation results show that the external wall insulation and extrusion plate thickness is 80 mm, the roof insulation and extrusion plate thickness is 100 mm, and the glass type is ordinary hollow glass ( 6 + 9 + 6 ). The air source heat pump assisted energy supply effect is the best, but the overall economy will change with the initial investment, local electricity price policy and building scale.
9
Che Muda, Zakaria, Payam Shafigh, Norhayati Binti Mahyuddin, Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Salmia Beddu e As’ad Zakaria. "Energy Performance of a High-Rise Residential Building Using Fibre-Reinforced Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete". Applied Sciences 10, n. 13 (29 giugno 2020): 4489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134489.
Abstract (sommario):
The increasing need for eco-friendly green building and creative passive design technology in response to climatic change and global warming issues will continue. However, the need to preserve and sustain the natural environment is also crucial. A building envelope plays a pivotal role in areas where the greatest heat and energy loss often occur. Investment for the passive design aspect of building envelopes is essential to address CO 2 emission. This research aims to explore the suitability of using integral-monolithic structural insulation fibre-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) without additional insulation as a building envelope material in a high-rise residential building in the different climatic zones of the world. Polypropylene and steel fibres in different dosages were used in a structural grade expanded clay lightweight aggregate concrete. Physical and thermal properties of fibre reinforced structural LWAC, normal weight concrete (NWC) and bricks were measured in the lab. The Autodesk@Revit-GBS simulation program was implemented to simulate the energy consumption of a 29-storey residential building with shear wall structural system using the proposed fibre-reinforced LWAC materials. Results showed that energy savings between 3.2% and 14.8% were incurred in buildings using the fibre-reinforced LWAC across various climatic regions as compared with traditional NWC and sand-cement brick and clay brick walls. In conclusion, fibre-reinforced LWAC in hot-humid tropical and temperate Mediterranean climates meet the certified Green Building Index (GBI) requirements of less than 150 kW∙h∙m−2. However, in extreme climatic conditions of sub-arctic and hot semi-arid desert climates, a thicker wall or additional insulation is required to meet the certified green building requirements. Hence, the energy-saving measure is influenced largely by the use of fibre-reinforced LWAC as a building envelope material rather than because of building orientation.
10
Sawadogo, Mohamed, Marie Duquesne, Rafik Belarbi, Ameur El Amine Hamami e Alexandre Godin. "Review on the Integration of Phase Change Materials in Building Envelopes for Passive Latent Heat Storage". Applied Sciences 11, n. 19 (7 ottobre 2021): 9305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199305.
Abstract (sommario):
Latent heat thermal energy storage systems incorporate phase change materials (PCMs) as storage materials. The high energy density of PCMs, their ability to store at nearly constant temperature, and the diversity of available materials make latent heat storage systems particularly competitive technologies for reducing energy consumption in buildings. This work reviews recent experimental and numerical studies on the integration of PCMs in building envelopes for passive energy storage. The results of the different studies show that the use of PCMs can reduce the peak temperature and smooth the thermal load. The integration of PCMs can be done on the entire building envelope (walls, roofs, windows). Despite many advances, some aspects remain to be studied, notably the long-term stability of buildings incorporating PCMs, the issues of moisture and mass transfer, and the consideration of the actual use of the building. Based on this review, we have identified possible contributions to improve the efficiency of passive systems incorporating PCMs. Thus, fatty acids and their eutectic mixtures, combined with natural insulators, such as vegetable fibers, were chosen to make shape-stabilized PCMs composites. These composites can be integrated in buildings as a passive thermal energy storage material.
11
Zhao, Shuizhong, Jiangfeng Si, Gang Chen, Hong Shi, Yusong Lei, Zhaoyang Xu e Liu Yang. "Research on Passive Design Strategies for Low-Carbon Substations in Different Climate Zones". Processes 11, n. 6 (14 giugno 2023): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061814.
Abstract (sommario):
In the energy-saving design of substations, the building envelope thermal parameters, window-to-wall ratio, and shape factor are three crucial influencing factors. They not only affect the building’s appearance but also have an important impact on the total building energy consumption. In this paper, we applied the energy consumption simulation software DeST-c to study the influence of the above three elements on the total energy consumption of the building in a representative city with different thermal zones. The optimal envelope thermal parameters, optimal window-to-wall ratio, and optimal shape factor were derived through combination with economic analysis. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of different elements was carried out to determine the suitable passive design solutions for substations in different climate zones. It was found that the thickness of roof insulation has the greatest influence on the energy consumption of substation buildings among all envelopes. The optimal window-to-wall ratios were 0.4, 0.4~0.5, 0.3, 0.3~0.4, and 0.5 for severe cold, cold, hot summer and cold winter, hot summer and warm winter, and mild regions, respectively; and the optimal shape factors were 0.29, 0.30, 0.23, 0.31, and 0.33, respectively. The conclusions of this study can provide architects with energy-saving design strategies and suggestions for substations in different climate zones, and provide references for building energy-saving designs and air conditioning and heating equipment selection.
12
Al-Qahtani, Laila Amer Hashem, e Lamis Saad Eldeen Elgizawi. "Building envelope and energy saving case study: a residential building in Al-Riyadh, Saudi Arabia". International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, n. 4 (5 maggio 2020): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctaa024.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Around the world, most energy is consumed by buildings; residential buildings consume 40% of energy globally. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), buildings consume 50% of all energy, and 70% of the buildings in the KSA are not insulated well. Creating an envelope is a key to decreasing energy consumption and providing thermal comfort and healthy internal spaces. Thus, the main aim of this study is to test the effect of selected passive cooling strategies by using a simulation program to evaluate a variety of envelope (floor, external and internal walls and roofs) thermal characteristic proposals to create an eco-interior space, to provide the most comfortable conditions for users and to save energy in buildings in hot climates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. One residential building case was selected, and some of the passive cooling strategies were tested. Simulation software—Design Builder—was used to calculate the total energy consumption in 1 year and compare the results before and after applying these strategies to the selected residential building.
13
Kabošová, Lenka, Stanislav Kmeť e Dušan Katunský. "Wind flow around buildings of basic shapes with and without a wind-adaptive envelope". Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 15, n. 1 (1 settembre 2020): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2020-0007.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Together with the natural environment, the built, artificial environment represents a barrier to the wind fluxes. Especially in the densely built cities, the wind flow pattern and the wind speed are considerably altered by buildings, which can lead to zones of an accelerated wind and turbulent flow. Incorporating the wind into the early conceptual stage of architectural design, this reciprocal interaction of the built environment and the wind fluxes can be analyzed and controlled to create zones of calmer wind around buildings. Presently, building envelopes are designed to withstand extreme load cases, which, however, demands thicker and bulkier structures. The subject of this study is a proposal and investigation of a lightweight, adaptive building envelope, which is able of a local, passive morphing in the wind. This local shape change leads to creating a textured, dimpled building surface; the final shape depends on the wind direction and force. The wind-induced dimpled surface influences the wind flow around the building, as well as surface wind pressure acting on the building, and the drag force. The analysis of three fundamental building shapes using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation is performed for the variants with and without the proposed adaptive envelope. Concluding from the wind simulations, the wind flow can be decelerated, the turbulence reduced, and calmer zones around buildings can be created, by certain conditions. Moreover, the envelope, morphing with the instant wind force, can contribute to the reduction of the surface wind suction on buildings. Strikingly, the dimpled geometry of the wind-adaptive envelope can decrease the wind drag force by up to 28.4 %, which is again dependent on the global form, as well as the initial wind speed.
14
Salem, Talal, Mohamad Kazma, Judy Bitar, Joseph Moussa e Dalia Falah. "Mechanical characterization of a concrete masonry block enhanced with micro-encapsulated phase changing materials". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012184.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Global energy demand has been increasing exponentially in the last three decades, which has been exacerbated by climate change. To alleviate the energy load, researchers have been exploring innovative passive techniques to enhance the thermal performance of building envelopes. This research evaluates a novel building envelope solution, which includes the development of a Concrete Masonry Unit that is integrated with bio-based micro-encapsulated Phase Changing Materials. The mechanical behaviour of the enhanced CMU is investigated to study the applicability of PCMs into the no-slump concrete mix. Compatibility with the applicable standards opens a broader prospect for thermal characterization and building performance simulations of PCM enhanced CMU building envelopes.
15
Usman, Muhammad, e Georg Frey. "Multi-Objective Techno-Economic Optimization of Design Parameters for Residential Buildings in Different Climate Zones". Sustainability 14, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010065.
Abstract (sommario):
The comprehensive approach for a building envelope design involves building performance simulations, which are time-consuming and require knowledge of complicated processes. In addition, climate variation makes the selection of these parameters more complex. The paper aims to establish guidelines for determining a single-family household’s unique optimal passive design in various climate zones worldwide. For this purpose, a bi-objective optimization is performed for twenty-four locations in twenty climates by coupling TRNSYS and a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III) using the Python program. The optimization process generates Pareto fronts of thermal load and investment cost to identify the optimum design options for the insulation level of the envelope, window aperture for passive cooling, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), shading fraction, radiation-based shading control, and building orientation. The goal is to find a feasible trade-off between thermal energy demand and the cost of thermal insulation. This is achieved using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) through criteria importance using intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results demonstrate that an optimal envelope design remarkably improves the thermal load compared to the base case of previous envelope design practices. However, the weather conditions strongly influence the design parameters. The research findings set a benchmark for energy-efficient household envelopes in the investigated climates. The optimal solution sets also provide a criterion for selecting the ranges of envelope design parameters according to the space heating and cooling demands of the climate zone.
16
Hou, Jiawen, Tao Zhang, Zu’an Liu, Lili Zhang e Hiroatsu Fukuda. "Application evaluation of passive energy-saving strategies in exterior envelopes for rural traditional dwellings in northeast of Sichuan hills, China". International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctac007.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract With the increase of residents’ requirements for the living environment, the current indoor thermal environment cannot meet the needs of modern rural residents who live in the northeast of Sichuan, China. Passive energy-saving strategies can not only improve the thermal performance of envelopes but also create high economic benefits. Evaluating the application effect of passive energy-saving strategies for traditional dwellings can provide a guide for local residents and policy makers to select rational passive strategies. Seven energy-saving strategies are proposed based on the current local building construction and heat transfer model, and then their energy-saving potential is evaluated by using EnergyPlus and the dynamic investment payback period method. Results show that adding exterior envelope insulation and setting on-top sunspaces on the roof simultaneously can save 83.9% of building energy consumption. However, the most economic energy-saving strategy is only employing exterior envelope insulation for local traditional dwellings when considering the economy. It can save 842 CNY/m2 during 100 years and its dynamic investment payback period is 14.1 years. In addition, building orientation also affects the energy-saving effects and the energy-saving rate can be increased by 8.4% under the optimal orientation (facing south) compared with the worst orientation (facing west).
17
Rui, Zhang, Shi, Pan, Chen e Du. "Survey on the Indoor Thermal Environment and Passive Design of Rural Residential Houses in the HSCW Zone of China". Sustainability 11, n. 22 (17 novembre 2019): 6471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226471.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite their high energy consumption, rural residential houses in the hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone still have a generally poor indoor thermal environment. The objective of this study was to understand the current status of the indoor thermal environment for rural residential houses in the HSCW zone and analyze its cause in order to develop some strategies for improvement through passive design of the building envelope. Face-to-face questionnaires and interviews, air-tightness testing, and temperature and humidity monitoring were conducted to understand the building envelope, energy consumption, and indoor thermal environment. Then, some passive design strategies were simulated, including the application of functional interior materials such as hygroscopic and phase change materials. An overall passive design for the building envelope can increase the room temperature by 3.6 °C, reduce the indoor relative humidity by 12% in the winter, and reduce the room temperature by 4.4 °C in the summer. In addition, the annual energy-saving rate can reach ~35%.
18
Gassar, Abdo Abdullah Ahmed, Choongwan Koo, Tae Wan Kim e Seung Hyun Cha. "Performance Optimization Studies on Heating, Cooling and Lighting Energy Systems of Buildings during the Design Stage: A Review". Sustainability 13, n. 17 (1 settembre 2021): 9815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179815.
Abstract (sommario):
Optimizing the building performance at the early design stage is justified as a promising approach to achieve many sustainable design goals in buildings; in particular, it opens a new era of attractive energy-efficient design for designers and architects to create new building constructions with high-energy efficiency and better overall performance. Accordingly, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of performance optimization studies on heating, cooling, and lighting energy systems of buildings during the design stages, conducting a systematical review covering various aspects ranging from the building type, optimization inputs, the approach used, and the main conclusion. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of early optimizations in the energy-efficient design performance of buildings and future research directions are identified and discussed. The review results show that previous research efforts of optimizing energy-efficient design performance in buildings have addressed a wide variety of early stage design optimization issues, including orientation and multi-objective building function-related conflicts, such as cooling and lighting. However, significant research issues related to investigations of design envelope materials, proper energy-efficient design form, and other passive parameters, such as solar photovoltaic systems, are still lacking. Therefore, future research should be directed towards improving existing optimization approach frameworks in the context of appropriate energy-efficient design features; integrating sensitivity and uncertainty analyses in the performance optimization framework of buildings to provide a more balanced assessment of influential design envelope properties and extending optimal design envelope investigations of buildings to include other passive parameters and lifecycle assessment under long-term weather conditions.
19
Dudzińska, Anna, Tomasz Kisilewicz e Ewelina Panasiuk. "Impact of Material Solutions and a Passive Sports Hall’s Use on Thermal Comfort". Energies 16, n. 23 (21 novembre 2023): 7698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237698.
Abstract (sommario):
High outdoor temperatures and thermal gains due to solar radiation, which penetrates the interior of buildings as the climate warms up, pose a major challenge to maintaining thermal comfort in passive sports facilities. Superbly insulated and airtight envelopes, specific microclimatic requirements and very high user activity can easily lead to overheating and thermal imbalance during summer. This paper focuses on the influence of the varying thermal capacity of external walls and night-time cooling on thermal comfort in a passive sports hall building. Based on experimental studies of the thermal conditions in the building, a model of it was created in Design Builder. Through simulation, the program initially analysed the thermal conditions that arise under different envelope assemblies. Two different ways of cooling the building at night were then analysed: mechanical and natural. The results presented showed that in a well-insulated sports hall with a large volume, the type of wall material alone had only a limited influence on thermal comfort in summer. In contrast, night-time cooling in integration with the accumulation of cold in the building’s structural components had a significant impact on protection against overheating during the summer. The type of envelope material is even more important when night-time air exchange is high. Intensive natural ventilation is associated with the highest number of hours in the comfort range—28.1–32.4% more hours in relation to the variant without night ventilation. The use of mechanical ventilation, operating at night at maximum capacity, will result in an increase in the number of hours with air temperatures in the −0.5 < PMV < +0.5 range by only 14.1–21.3%. The high thermal mass of the envelope, combined with adequate ventilation, reduces the occurrence of very high indoor air temperatures, thus alleviating the nuisance of overheating. The maximum internal air temperature during the day is lower by 2.4–3.3 K, compared to the case when no night ventilation is used. Mechanical ventilation operating at its maximum capacity can reduce the maximum internal temperature by 1.2–1.6 K.
20
Mohammed, Mohammed Alhaji, Ismail M. Budaiwi, Mohammed A. Al-Osta e Adel A. Abdou. "Thermo-Environmental Performance of Modular Building Envelope Panel Technologies: A Focused Review". Buildings 14, n. 4 (27 marzo 2024): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040917.
Abstract (sommario):
Modular construction is becoming famous for buildings because it allows a high degree of prefabrication, with individual modules easily transported and installed. Building envelope optimization is vital as it protects buildings from undesirable external environments by expressly preventing the incursion of outside elements. This research uses a systematic literature review to appraise the characteristics of modular envelope panels, focusing on hygrothermal and energy performance. A total of 265 articles were subjected to rigorous filtering and screening measures. The findings reveal notable inconsistencies in modular envelope terminologies and a lack of consistent performance measures, which present significant challenges for research and development efforts. Furthermore, the results indicate a predominant focus on hygrothermal and energy performance in existing studies, with limited attention to environmental impacts and other performance factors. Moreover, the existing literature primarily addresses modular envelope solutions in temperate climates, offering inadequate information for hot and hot–humid climate contexts. To address these gaps, this study proposes categorizing modular envelope panels into four distinct categories: active, passive, smart, and green/vegetated wall panels. These findings will benefit researchers, architects, building envelope designers, policymakers, and organizations developing building performance-related assessment ratings, standards, and codes. The study suggests adopting the categorization of modular envelope panels provided in this study and developing modular panels suitable for hot and humid climates to fill the existing knowledge gap.
21
Veršić, Zoran, Marin Binički e Mateja Nosil Mešić. "Passive Night Cooling Potential in Office Buildings in Continental and Mediterranean Climate Zone in Croatia". Buildings 12, n. 8 (10 agosto 2022): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081207.
Abstract (sommario):
The envelope is one of the most important driving factors in the energy efficiency of buildings. Typical for office and commercial buildings, curtain wall facades allow solar heat gains to be used during the winter but can lead to difficulties in reducing the cooling load during summer. The cooling load is dominant in most building types in the temperate maritime climate, while in the temperate continental climate, it is dominant mainly in office and commercial buildings. The goal of this research was to determine the potential of night passive cooling in an office building model in the most populated urban areas in Croatia-Zagreb and Split, which are located in two different climate zones. Suitable to the climate on-site, an appropriate building envelope and various types of passive and mechanical ventilation systems were selected for each location and case. Additional factors included and analysed were climate conditions, heat gains, the heat accumulation of the building, night ventilation through openings, unwanted air infiltration, and cooling loads. Through a detailed description of the model, passive cooling potential calculations, and Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the results showed a potential of up to 43.5% savings in the cooling energy need for the temperate continental climate and 32.2% in the temperate marine climate. It was found from the analysis that night ventilation is expected to cool down the building enough to delay a need for cooling by several hours and improve fresh air requirements, thus saving power for cooling, and effectively reducing the need for air conditioning.
22
Zhu, Jia Yin, e Bin Chen. "Optimization of Building Envelope Thermal Design for Passive Solar House". Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (agosto 2013): 1250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1250.
Abstract (sommario):
Optimization design of building envelope-integrated collectors plays an important role in reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort. Take a passive solar house for an example, optimization design principles for passive solar house were proposed by simulation. Simulation results by changing envelope insulation thickness showed that the optimal thickness was between 30mm and 70mm for south wall, and 70mm~150mm for other façade, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimal thickness for concrete exterior walls was in the range of 200mm~300mm. Simulation of changing heat capacity proportion showed that the daily temperature difference decreased by 14oC to 5.2oC as the proportion increased doubled. However, considering the building initial investment, the arrangement of thermal mass should be determined by the building type and energy demand.
23
Zhang, Yu, e Wenqing Tao. "Ideal thermophysical properties of building wall: Method based on impedance and interpretation mechanism". Indoor and Built Environment 27, n. 8 (6 aprile 2017): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17698533.
Abstract (sommario):
Thermal resistance is commonly defined as the ratio of the temperature difference to the heat flow, and it is only valid for one-dimensional, steady heat conduction without an internal source. This work extends the application scope of the thermal resistance to the multi-dimensional, unsteady conditions based on the entransy dissipation rate, which is called impedance. It provides an approach to optimize the heat transfer process of complex problems. For example, it can be used to analyse the unsteady heat transfer of building envelope: when the indoor and outdoor temperature difference is given, the extremum of building envelope thermal resistance is corresponding to the extremum of heat input to the interior from envelope, which is determined by the ideal volumetric specific heat distribution versus temperature of building envelope. Based on this, the relationship between thermal resistance and volumetric specific heat of building envelope is developed, and according to the extremum of thermal resistance, the ideal volumetric specific heat can be obtained. In this paper, applications are presented for active and passive conditions. The results show that, for active or passive condition, the ideal volumetric specific heat of the external wall should be a δ function in summer or winter.
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Zhang, Xu, Feng Lu e Yin Fei Yan. "Energy-Saving Reconstruction Research of Old Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions". Advanced Materials Research 689 (maggio 2013): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.30.
Abstract (sommario):
By investigating and analyzing the building envelope and energy consumption of old buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions in China, and with applying integrated passive energy-saving methods, the article puts forward several reasonable and practical energy saving strategies for old teaching buildings. Three aspects are examined, namely the transformation of solar window, the transformation of external wall insulation and the transformation of eco-roof, following the renovation of No.7 Teaching Building in Chongqing University.
25
Soehartanto, T., Matradji e Roekmono. "Passive design (building envelope) impact to cooling load of researh centre building ITS". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 588 (20 agosto 2019): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/588/1/012012.
26
Santana, Bruno Oliveira, Jefferson Torres-Quezada, Helena Coch e Antonio Isalgue. "Monitoring and Calculation Study in Mediterranean Residential Spaces: Thermal Performance Comparison for the Winter Season". Buildings 12, n. 3 (9 marzo 2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030325.
Abstract (sommario):
In cold regions, the reduction in envelope thermal transmittance is often the dominant parameter in ensuring thermal comfort in buildings. However, countries in warmer climates have also adopted this same strategy, often neglecting other parameters that are more influential in their respective climate regions that can achieve thermal comfort. This study focuses on passive building strategies to ensure a building’s thermal comfort conditions in Mediterranean climates in the winter. This monitoring study compares two dwellings during the winter in Barcelona, Spain, in order to analyze the impact of not only the envelope’s thermal properties on indoor temperature, but also the role of other factors such as outdoor temperature and solar gains. The dwellings were built in different decades, each following distinct building technical codes, diverse construction techniques, and building materials. The methodology used in this study is based on thermal measurements, meteorological data, and spreadsheet calculations. Comparing these results with the recent updates in Spain’s technical code and other studies, the investigation demonstrates that to achieve a suitable indoor thermal temperature in a passive way, especially in Mediterranean climates, incorporating other factors such as the combination of thermal inertia and solar gains can be more effective than a strategy mainly focused on reducing thermal transmittance. This analysis demonstrates that a building’s thermal performance does not mainly depend on envelope thermal transmittance, but rather a complex system involving a set of variables such as thermal inertia as well as solar gains, based on parameters such as building orientation and urban context.
27
Palko, Milan. "House in Passive Standard - Thermal Bridges". Advanced Materials Research 899 (febbraio 2014): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.42.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper deals with project proposals, construction and exploitation of house in passive standard. Specific properties of building envelope in energy passive standard. Execution of additional thermal insulating system with heat bridge elimination. Evaluation of applicable design using non-traditional aluminium basis. Elimination of heat flows in window structure.
28
de Gracia, Alvaro. "Numerical Analysis of Building Envelope with Movable Phase Change Materials for Heating Applications". Applied Sciences 9, n. 18 (5 settembre 2019): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183688.
Abstract (sommario):
Latent heat storage materials have been tested by several researchers for decades to be used as passive heating and cooling systems in buildings but their implementation into building components is still stacked as is facing specific technical limitations related to difficulties to be charged both in heating and cooling periods. This paper presents a numerical analysis to evaluate the potential of a disruptive system, which is designed to solve the main drawbacks and to convert phase change materials (PCM) passive heating technology into a competitive solution for the building sector. The novel technology moves PCM layer with respect to the insulation layer inside the building component to maximize solar benefits in winter and be able to actively provide space heating. Design variables such as PCM melting point and control schemes were optimized. The results demonstrated that this technology is not only able to limit heat losses towards outdoors but it can provide space heating from stored solar energy when required. The promising numerical results endorse the possibility to build a future experimental prototype to quantify more in detail the benefits of this system.
29
Costantini-Romero, Adriana Belen, e Franco M. Francisca. "Construcción con bloques de suelo cemento como alternativa sostenible para envolvente Edilicia". Revista Hábitat Sustentable 12, n. 1 (30 giugno 2022): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2022.12.01.08.
Abstract (sommario):
Alternative materials, such as cement-stabilized earth blocks (CSEB), provide new opportunities to make environmentally friendly envelopes. Earth-based construction materials are easy to obtain, abundant in nature, and their use minimizes environmental impacts and improves the thermal performance of bricks. In this work, the thermal properties of CSEB are analyzed, to evaluate their efficiency for building envelopes. It is experimentally determined that cement percentages are between 3% and 9% for the manufacturing of CSEB for non-bearing masonry. The moisture content should be less than 20%, to avoid significant increases in thermal conductivity. Wall thermal resistivity and inner and outer thermal resistance are also determined by means of passive building thermography measurements. The different CSEB wall compositions of experimental dwellings under real use conditions were monitored during the winter, and from this, thermal transmittances were established for the walls of 1,219 W/m2K to 1.599 W/m2K The results obtained allow determining the relative efficiency of each building envelope type in avoiding heat losses.
30
Zhang, Chong, Zhanzhi Yu, Qiuyuan Zhu, Hongqi Shi, Zhongyi Yu e Xinhua Xu. "Air-Permeable Building Envelopes for Building Ventilation and Heat Recovery: Research Progress and Future Perspectives". Buildings 14, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010042.
Abstract (sommario):
Air-permeable building envelopes (APBEs) utilize the infiltrated or exfiltrated airflow within porous materials to directly change their temperature distribution to reduce heat loss/gain. APBEs effectively integrate building ventilation and heat recovery to achieve excellent thermal insulation while improving indoor air quality. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the fundamentals and classifications, historical evolution over time, opportunities and benefits, and future views on APBEs. It can be treated as a responsive building envelope that enables building envelopes to dynamically change the U-values by varying the infiltrated or exfiltrated airflow rate within a porous material. Previous studies have indicated that the U-value of 0.1 W/(m2·K) can be realized by employing APBEs. Moreover, some research demonstrates that APBEs could act as high-performance air filters that reduce over 90% of particulate matter within fresh, ventilated air. Some factors, such as airflow rate, thickness, and thermal conductivity of porous materials, have a significant influence on the effectiveness of APBEs. For practical applications, integrating the APBE with passive building ventilation can help reduce the initial cost and facilitate decarbonization in buildings. Moreover, advanced control strategies could collaboratively optimize the operation of ABPEs and build energy systems to maximize their energy-saving potential.
31
Loo, S.-H., P. I. Lim e B. H. Lim. "Passive design of buildings: A review of configuration features for natural ventilation and daylighting". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012009.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Passive design involves the utilization of natural forces such as natural ventilation and daylighting without mechanical input of energy, and is a subset of environmentally sustainable design (ESD), which offers solutions for more environmentally friendly buildings. This review is based on the premise that ESD interventions have an inherent cost on building projects. The aim is to review existing research on applications of various building configurations for facilitating the economical application of passive design, in terms of natural ventilation and daylighting. A systematic review of existing research during the previous decade (2010 – 2020) was conducted. In our findings, we compare and categorise concepts within building configuration in terms of their applicability to natural ventilation and daylighting. Our review identified seven categories of building configuration ie. building geometry, interior, context, envelope, fenestration, building plan and voids, with their associated parameters. It was discovered that building fenestration was the most frequently researched followed by building voids. The identified parameters point to the variety, diversity and trends of research in the field. The knowledge can be used in familiarising, assessing and evaluating various aspects of passive design of building configuration towards energy saving and ESD.
32
López-Escamilla, Álvaro, Rafael Herrera-Limones e Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez. "Double-Skin Facades for Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Mediterranean Climate Buildings: Rehabilitating Vulnerable Neighbourhoods". Buildings 14, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2024): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020326.
Abstract (sommario):
The ongoing global energy crisis in Europe has intensified energy poverty in vulnerable households, prompting a critical examination of passive retrofit strategies for improving the habitability of obsolete social housing in southern Europe from the 1960s. Given the Mediterranean climate’s characteristics (hot summers and mild winters), these buildings possess low thermal resistance envelopes designed for heat dissipation in summer but contribute to elevated heating demands in colder months. In response to the pressing need for solutions that strike a balance between reducing energy demand and ensuring year-round comfort, this research explores diverse approaches. Drawing insights from built prototypes in Colombia and Hungary and utilizing a validated simulation model in Seville, Spain, this study investigates the feasibility of implementing a double-skin envelope on building facades and assesses the impact of thermal insulation in the air chamber. So, the research specifically aims to find an equilibrium between lowering energy demand and maintaining adequate comfort conditions, concentrating on the renovation of obsolete social housing with envelopes featuring low thermal resistance in the Mediterranean climate. Results indicate that, due to the poor thermal envelope, the influence of thermal insulation on comfort conditions and energy savings outweighs that of the double skin. Consequently, the emphasis of renovation projects for this climate should not solely concentrate on passive cooling strategies but should strive to achieve a positive balance in comfort conditions throughout the year, encompassing both warm and cold months.
33
Hadini, Muthiah Hakim, Ova Candra Dewi, Nandy Setiadi Djaya Putra e Tika Hanjani. "Heat gain reduction and cooling energy minimization through building envelope material". ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 8, n. 1 (26 aprile 2023): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i1.1910.
Abstract (sommario):
This study aims to reduce heat gain and minimise cooling energy through building envelope material as a passive design intervention strategy to achieve thermal comfort. Integrated Learning Building in the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, is used as a case study due to its air conditioning setting. First, the material characteristic of the building envelope is calculated using the Overall Thermal Transmission Value (OTTV) calculation to determine heat gain and the EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies), a software to estimate cooling energy consumption. Then, a passive design intervention strategy is performed by adding insulation (polyester, bagasse, and recycled textile and paper) and substituting window glazing (reflective, PVB laminated, and Clear IGU Low-E). The results show that the combination of recycled textile and paper insulation and clear IGU Low-E window glazing has an OTTV value of 24.89 W/m2 which is lower than the standard in Indonesia (35 W/m2). Meanwhile, the cooling energy usage shows an energy consumption of 1.14% lower, but it did not achieve the 5% reduction target. Therefore, further intervention on other parts of the building envelope, such as the roof and floor, should be observed to achieve higher energy-saving potential.
34
Köse, Eda, e Gülten Manioğlu. "Evaluation of the Performance of a Building Envelope Constructed with Phase-Change Materials in Relation to Orientation in Different Climatic Regions". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104003.
Abstract (sommario):
Minimizing the effect of climatic conditions and energy consumption in buildings are important issues to be considered in the building design process. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, there is an increase not only in the consumption of heating energy but also cooling energy. Certain passive measures to be taken primarily for the building envelope are necessary in order to reduce energy consumption. Applying a phase-change material on the surface of a building envelope is one of the new approaches for controlling heat transfer through the building envelope during the cooling period. It is known that phase-change materials, which are also considered as modern versions of thermal mass concept, can reduce the of a building’s heating and cooling energy consumption. In this study, a unit with 10m to 10m dimension with one external facade in a 3 storey building was evaluated in two cities, Istanbul and Diyarbakır, in temperate-humid and hot dry climatic regions. In order to reduce heating and cooling loads, a phase-change material was applied on the surface of the building envelope. The thickness of the phase-change material on the applied surface was increased at every step, and different building envelope alternatives were created. Heating and cooling energy consumptions were calculated for different orientations of the external facade. When calculated values are evaluated comparatively, it is seen that as the thickness of the phase-change material increases, the energy loads occurred in the unit decrease gradually. Equally, the performance of the phase-change materials varies depending on the orientation. Therefore, it is possible to determine the optimum thickness and orientation combination of the phase-change material application on a building envelope and reduce heating and cooling energy consumptions.
35
Aksamija, Ajla. "IMPACT OF RETROFITTING ENERGY-EFFICIENT DESIGN STRATEGIES ON ENERGY USE OF EXISTING COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOW-IMPACT AND DEEP RETROFIT STRATEGIES". Journal of Green Building 12, n. 4 (novembre 2017): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.4.70.
Abstract (sommario):
This article discusses energy-efficient retrofitting design strategies for commercial office buildings, and examines their effect on energy consumption. The objective of the research was to study how to integrate passive design strategies and energy-efficient building systems to improve building performance, and reduce the energy consumption of existing buildings in three different climate types (cold, mixed and hot climates). First, properties of existing buildings were analyzed based on national CBECS database to determine typical characteristics of office buildings located in Chicago, Baltimore and Phoenix, including size, building envelope treatment and building systems. Then, fourteen different prototypes were developed, varying the building shape and orientation to represent different building stock, and energy modeling was conducted to establish energy usage baseline. Multiple design considerations were investigated based on extensive energy simulations and modeling, where low-impact and deep retrofits were considered. Low-impact strategies included improvements to the building envelope, lighting systems and optimization of HVAC systems operation (without upgrading heating and cooling equipment). Deep energy retrofits also included improvements to building envelope and lighting, and considered changes and improvements to HVAC systems (specifically, integration of radiant systems). Energy modeling was conducted for all prototypes, and results were obtained for the baseline (current energy usage), and energy usage considering low-impact design strategies and deep retrofits. A total of 126 energy models was developed, simulated and analyzed, providing a dataset that captured energy usage for investigated scenarios. The comparative analysis of simulation results was used to determine how specific techniques lead to energy savings in different climate types, as well as for buildings of various shapes and orientations.
36
Cui, Xiaoling, Yangkai Zhang, Guochen Sang, Wenkang Wang, Yiyun Zhu e Lei Zhang. "Coupling Effect of Space-Arrangement and Wall Thermal Resistance on Indoor Thermal Environment of Passive Solar Single-Family Building in Tibet". Applied Sciences 9, n. 17 (2 settembre 2019): 3594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173594.
Abstract (sommario):
In areas where solar energy is abundant, such as the Tibetan plateau, passive solar buildings are attracting more and more attention and becoming a popular form of rural building. However, it is often difficult to achieve the satisfactory indoor thermal environment in a local rural passive solar single-family house. In order to improve the indoor thermal environment of passive solar buildings through building design, a systematic study of rural single-family buildings in Tibet was conducted. The basic parameters were investigated on the outdoor thermal environment, space-arrangement, envelope structure, and the indoor thermal environment. The building model considering space-arrangement modes was developed based on the survey data in multi-space passive solar buildings. The general physical and mathematical analysis models of multi-space passive solar buildings were established based on the heat transfer theory. Furthermore, the effects of space-arrangement and exterior wall thermal resistance on indoor air temperature were analyzed by numerical simulation. Results show that the indoor air temperature of the passive solar building is influenced by space-arrangement and wall thermal resistance together. When the space-arrangement of the building model was changed from “north-south through type” (mode a) to “through and separation combination” (mode b) and “north-south separation” (mode c), the indoor air temperature of the living room increased from 8.8 °C to 10.6 °C and 11.6 °C, with increases of 20.5% and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, equally increasing the thermal resistance of exterior walls in different orientations has different effects on the indoor air temperature. In the space-arrangement mode c, comparing with the temperature increment of the living room and bedroom caused by increasing thermal resistance of the south wall and north wall, the temperature increment of the living room caused by increasing thermal resistance of the east/west wall increased by 151.7% and 32.7%, and that of the bedroom increased by 609.1% and 239.1% respectively. This study can provide a reference for the optimal design of passive solar buildings in solar energy abundant areas.
37
Williams, Robert L. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EMBODIED, OPERATIONAL, AND LIFE CYCLE CARBON IN PASSIVE HOUSE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS". Journal of Green Building 18, n. 3 (1 settembre 2023): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.18.3.81.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The building sector is responsible for a significant portion of global CO2 emissions and any attempt to meet global climate change mitigation goals requires dramatic reductions in CO2 emissions from building construction and use. Among the many green building certification programs intended to reduce the environmental impact of buildings, the passive house standards are one of the most stringent certifications with respect to reducing operational energy. While there is significant research demonstrating the reductions in operational energy use in passive house and passive house inspired buildings, there is comparatively little research into the embodied energy and embodied carbon emissions associated with these buildings. The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between embodied carbon emissions, operational carbon emissions, and overall carbon use intensity in passive house certified residential buildings, using a recently completed, multifamily passive house as a case study. First, the case study building was defined, and a partial life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the embodied and operational carbon emissions associated with this base case. Second, a catalog of alternative wall and roof assemblies were defined and the LCA of the case study was updated for each alternative assembly to assess the impact on the embodied carbon, operational carbon, and overall carbon use intensity. The results of this analysis indicate that the material composition of the exterior envelope assemblies can have significant impact on the overall, cumulative carbon impact of a particular building. Moreover, the results also indicate that there are clear scenarios in which operational energy efficiency should be sacrificed in favor of reducing upfront embodied carbon emissions, particularly when evaluated over critical time spans. Based on these results, this study recommends that green building standards and certifications, including passive house but also USGBC LEED, Living Building Challenge, and others, should place greater emphasis on embodied carbon and holistic carbon accounting in addition to operational efficiency.
38
Babich, Francesco, Riccardo Pinotti, Riccardo Gazzin, Chiara Visentin e Roberto Lollini. "From single tests to a test-chain: A comprehensive approach for evaluating the interaction between the building envelope and the IEQ". E3S Web of Conferences 523 (2024): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452301001.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years building envelope systems have become increasingly more com-plex. Especially in high-performance low-carbon buildings, envelopes comprise several passive and active components such as advanced membranes, mechanical ventilation machines and integrated photovoltaics that must be mutually optimized to ensure a global elevated performance. One of the key expectations from these innovative envelopes is better capabilities of providing highly comfortable and healthy indoor environments while using as little energy as possible. However, the complexity of such envelopes poses two major challenges: (i) standard assessment procedures might not be usable to evaluate them either because these do not fully capture their potential or be-cause the complexity of product makes the standard test unfeasible, and (ii) multiple indoor environmental quality (IEQ) domains are simultaneously affected by these envelopes, and thus complementary tests in different domain are needed to ensure that a benefit in one domain does not lead to issues in others. For this reason, a test-chain for a thorough energy demand, indoor occupants’ comfort, and behaviour analysis performance has been implemented. It comprises a set of labs and additional simulation capabilities to study the building envelope-IEQ interaction at various technology readiness level. This paper provides an overview of the test-chain and its first application for the evaluation of a multifunctional façade. This façade includes a reversible air-to-air heat pump, a mechanical ventilation system, and openable windows, and aims at easing the achievement of the nZEB target while delivering elevated IEQ.
39
Lee, Byung-Hee, e Seung-Hyo Baek. "Feasibility of Multi-Zone Simulation for Estimating Contributions of Outdoor Particulate Pollution to Indoor Particulate Matter Concentration". Buildings 13, n. 3 (3 marzo 2023): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030673.
Abstract (sommario):
As concerns about the health effects of particulate matter (PM) are growing, controlling indoor PM has become vital for ensuring occupants’ health. Active strategies, such as air purification and high-performance filtering, are widely implemented to control indoor PM. However, passive strategies, including air-tightness and compartmentalization, are promising alternatives, as demonstrated by recent studies. To enhance the implementation of passive strategies, an appropriate evaluation method for passive designs must be established. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a multi-zone-based method is suitable for the evaluation of passive strategies. Multi-zone simulations were performed for four seasons, and indoor/outdoor concentration (I/O) ratios were obtained for the exterior, interior, and corridor on every floor of the reference building. The I/O ratios at different locations indicated that the outdoor particle transport in the building was accurately estimated according to the airflow rate and path. Moreover, in addition to the effects of changes in the outdoor temperature on PM transport through the building envelope, the particle size is a significant factor affecting indoor PM concentrations. The results of this study indicated that the multi-zone method can effectively estimate the number of outdoor particles that penetrate the building envelope in different seasons and the indoor particle concentration at different indoor locations.
40
Azima, Mahshad, e Senem Seyis. "Designing façade and envelope for a high-rise residential building using energy-efficient materials: A case in Istanbul, Turkey". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, n. 2 (1 novembre 2022): 022020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/2/022020.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The construction industry is responsible for 40% of global energy demand as buildings increase heating, cooling, and lighting demand. Therefore, building energy performance has become one of the most significant subjects for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry in the last decade. The envelope of a building has an essential role in optimizing energy performance and consumption. The research objective of this study is to analyse and compare the impact of different envelope and façade materials on building energy performance for a high-rise residential building. The research methodology includes a literature review and a case study. The literature review analysed studies published between 2015 and 2021. In the literary review, 84 publications were extracted from Web of Science and Scopus databases, and the following sources were included: articles published in prominent journals, conference proceedings, thesis, scientific reports, and books. In the case study, passive strategies including building shape, orientation, insulation, window-wall ratio, and shelter were implemented in a 10-story residential building in Istanbul, Turkey. Design-Builder and EnergyPlus were used for analysing and comparing the energy performance of the different wall, insulation, and glass materials used in the building. Results demonstrate that each parameter and material has a considerable impact on the building energy performance. This study would contribute to the AEC literature and industry by comparing different envelope materials’ energy performance and the proper scenario according to Turkey(Istanbul)’s climate. Policy-makers and decision-makers can benefit from the results of this research and amend the existing codes and policies for new high-rise buildings.
41
Bowley, Wesley, e Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CLIMATES ON A SHIPPING CONTAINER PASSIVE HOUSE IN CANADA". Journal of Green Building 14, n. 4 (settembre 2019): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.4.133.
Abstract (sommario):
Passive House buildings with an annual energy demand of less than 15 kWh/m2a (i.e. kWh/m2 per annum) can help Canada and other countries achieve thermal comfort with minimum energy use and carbon footprint through meticulous design and selection of highly efficient building envelope elements and appliances. Shipping container based passive houses can reduce the cost of passive house construction and also promote recycling. In this paper, a passive house built using shipping containers, originally designed for Victoria, BC, Canada, is analyzed using Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) software in different climactic zones of Canada. The locations under consideration are: Halifax (Cool–Temperate), Toronto (Cold–Temperate), Edmonton (Cold), and Yellowknife (Arctic–Climate). This paper critically examines the energy demand changes in various climate zones and make necessary modifications to the design to achieve passive house energy performance requirements in selected climates. Results show that with modified designs shipping container passive houses can meet passive house requirements, except in the Arctic–Climate of Yellowknife.
42
Latreche, Sihem, Leila Sriti, Khaled Mansouri e Chafia Berbouche. "Envelope design for thermal performance in residential buildings under hot arid climate conditions". Technium Social Sciences Journal 38 (9 dicembre 2022): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v38i1.7866.
Abstract (sommario):
In a typical hot arid climate, heat gains throughout the building envelope are responsible for more than 70% of the total thermal load. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of a building depends on the formal and constructive choices implemented in the envelope design. Since the envelope is exposed to outdoor conditions, it is crucial to give a major interest to the thermal characteristics of its structural components (i.e., walls, roof and windows). These elements are in charge of thermal exchanges between the building and its environment that occurs by heat transmission, thermal heat storage, solar heat gain and air infiltration. In return, implementing proper climatic responsive design strategies could potentially improve the envelope thermal performance while significantly reducing the building’s energy needs. The present study addresses the thermal behavior of the envelope under hot arid climate conditions by focusing on residential buildings. The research was conductuted in the city of Biskra (Algeria); it deals with the thermal investigation of the urban individual self-produced houses as the most widespread housing type in Ageria. The study explores the potential of improving the climatic adaptability of the envelope while respecting the specific characteristics of this self-produced dwelling. To achieve this goal, optimization scenarios of the building envelope were examined by implementing a set of selected passive design strategies. The process of optimisation was initiated by performing a simulation using TRNSYS 17 software, followed by a sensitivity analysis of the envelope design elements relating to their material characteristics (architectural and constructive to evaluate their effect in regulating indoor air temperatures and providing comfort condition. The results demonstrate significant improvements in the thermal responsive of the envelope and a consequent decrease in indoor temperatures. Moreover, the study defines the most prominent strategies in the process of optimization of the envelope. Accordingly, using suitable constructive systems and materials for walls and roofs in addition to adequate orientation and judicious ratios of openings, while implementing insulation and exterior light colors found to be the most efficient design strategies.
43
Fabiani, Claudia, e Anna Laura Pisello. "Effect of thermochromic coatings on the indoor thermal behavior of a case study building". E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123806003.
Abstract (sommario):
Passive systems and solutions aimed at improving local thermal comfort conditions represent a cutting-edge research field in building applications. However, only a few investigations were performed by taking into account the local distribution and spatial variability of the airflow generated by the application of both traditional and innovative passive strategies. The present research work is aimed at bridging such gap by modelling the indoor thermal environment of a case study prototype building, i.e. test-room, situated in central Italy, by taking into account the indoor heat transfer phenomena. In particular, a CFD model of the building is elaborated and used to predict the indoor thermal effect of an adaptive thermochromic envelope, compared to more traditional solutions. The simulation results are post-processed in terms of (i) indoor temperature and (ii) indoor airflows. The main findings confirm a non-negligible and positive impact of the thermochromic building envelope on the local indoor thermal comfort conditions in both summer and winter conditions, due to its capability of selectively tailor the absorption of heat gains and a function of the local boundary conditions.
44
Huang, Chun Hua, Sheng Liu e Yi Ming Liu. "Analysis of Building Envelope Materials Retrofitting of Timber Dwellings Based on Energy Efficiency". Key Engineering Materials 723 (dicembre 2016): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.687.
Abstract (sommario):
To find out the optimum building envelope retrofitting methods for timber dwellings in Western Hunan, China, energy efficiency retrofitting strategies of building envelope materials are optimized by an orthogonal test and energy simulation tool, DeST-h. On the premise of protecting their architectural styles, a comprehensive materials retrofitting strategy, a polyurethane foam insulation layer for the double-fir external wall envelope, reed foil for the clay insulation layer roof, using ordinary insulating glass units window material, is provided for the existing timer-structured dwellings in rural area of Western Hunan. After retrofitting, this passive strategy can achieve an energy-saving rate of 64.97%, short 4 years dynamic payback period of investment, and increase by 847h acceptable temperature hours in one year.
45
Zhao, Xiang, En Shen Long e Lu Hong Huang. "Design Measures of Low Carbon Buildings with Exterior Envelope Made of ETFE Air Pillows". Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (dicembre 2010): 2524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2524.
Abstract (sommario):
Energy saving and low carbon footprint are becoming key issues in recent architectural design. It's necessary to develop new materials and new building forms for this purpose. After introducing some famous model projects appling ETFT air pillows, this paper lists major physical properties of this new product and puts forward some design measures such as passive solar heating, great span structure system, natural lighting and cavity ventilation for energy saving and low carbon footprint buildings.
46
Elnabawi, Mohamed H., Esmail Saber e Lindita Bande. "Passive Building Energy Saving: Building Envelope Retrofitting Measures to Reduce Cooling Requirements for a Residential Building in an Arid Climate". Sustainability 16, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2024): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020626.
Abstract (sommario):
In arid climates, a significant portion of the urban peak energy demand is dedicated to cooling and air-conditioning during the summer. The rapid urbanization rates in developing countries, particularly in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), have intensified the pressure on energy resources to meet the indoor comfort needs of residents. As a result, there has been a substantial increase in energy demand, with a 2.3% rise recorded in 2018. Electricity consumption in residential buildings accounted for over 48.6% of the total electricity consumption. The choice of building fabrics used in a residential building can significantly impact the building’s passive performance and carbon footprint. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of how specific fabric details influence cooling energy usage in arid climates. To achieve this, a validation simulation model was initially created as a base case for a residential housing typology in Al Ain, UAE. This was followed by a parametric energy evaluation of various building envelope features. The evaluation was based on the reduction of yearly cooling load energy. The simulation results indicate that incorporating 50 mm of expanded polystyrene insulation into the outside walls significantly reduced energy consumption for cooling requirements in the arid UAE climate. Furthermore, no substantial difference was observed in the various roofing choices, including cool and green roofs, gravels, and sand roofs. Additionally, we concluded that the total solar energy transmittance (g-value) of windows played a more significant role than thermal transmittance (U-value) in reducing solar heat gain within the spaces. These findings should guide strategic decisions on building envelope upgrading for sustainable societies.
47
Si, Pengfei, Yuexia Lv, Xiangyang Rong, Lijun Shi, Jinyue Yan e Xin Wang. "An innovative building envelope with variable thermal performance for passive heating systems". Applied Energy 269 (luglio 2020): 115175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115175.
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Iyer, Ramakrishnan, e Aritra Ghosh. "Investigation of Integrated and Non-Integrated Thermoelectric Systems for Buildings—A Review". Energies 16, n. 19 (7 ottobre 2023): 6979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16196979.
Abstract (sommario):
Countless years have been spent researching the strategies necessary for improving the energy consumption of buildings globally. There have been numerous attempts at achieving both passive solutions and enhancing and optimising the existing active systems. This paper seeks to review, analyse and summarise the possibilities of using thermoelectricity in two different contexts to the integration with buildings, integrated thermoelectric systems, and non-integrated thermoelectric systems. The utilisation of thermoelectricity in cohorts with existing renewable technologies and the utilisation of thermoelectric systems that operate individually, both have the potential to provide the occupants of a building with conditions pertinent to thermal and visual comfort. The results in this paper are classified according to the integration types of thermoelectric systems within different parts of the fabric of a building while maintaining an active role in enhancing the building envelope and self-contained thermoelectric systems that sustain a passive role for the same. The introduction to this paper also gives a very broad and surface-level insight into categorisation of different kinds of thermoelectric systems that are being studied and researched across the world.
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Lotfabadi e Hançer. "A Comparative Study of Traditional and Contemporary Building Envelope Construction Techniques in terms of Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Hot and Humid Climates". Sustainability 11, n. 13 (28 giugno 2019): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133582.
Abstract (sommario):
Expectations of traditional and contemporary buildings are different in terms of thermal comfort. Traditional buildings mostly achieve comfort through passive means, without HVAC support, but old levels of thermal satisfaction do not meet today’s expectations, although their passive thermal performances are notable for contemporary building designs. In this regard, the current study tries to investigate the possibility of comparing traditional and contemporary buildings’ construction techniques to achieve thermal comfort from an architectural point of view. In other words, is it possible to achieve passive building design by considering vernacular architecture principals as a reference? Likewise, how well can architects define insulation layers in contemporary construction surfaces in hot and humid climates? To this end, a dynamic, numerical, thermal calculation case study has been modeled in Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, to answer the above-mentioned questions. A mixed-use mode benefitting free-run periods is proposed and compared with a mode providing 24 hours of air-conditioning in different scenarios using the same initial settings. Thus, different floor-to-ceiling heights, insulation placements and indoor conditions have been tested separately in both winter and summer periods. The results show that thermal comfort can be achieved in free-run periods only during a limited percentage of the year. Furthermore, although increasing building heights may lead to a rise in the free-run periods, in contemporary buildings it increases the total energy usage of the buildings between 6% and 9% in the mixed mode. Therefore, vernacular architecture strategies are proper in their own context. However, this energy usage can still be controlled and optimized by such considerations as insulation material placement. In this regard, the best envelope properties for different building functions are proposed for application in hot and humid climates.
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Carlos, Jorge S. "OPTIMAL WINDOW GEOMETRY FACTORS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN PORTUGAL". Journal of Green Building 13, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.1.185.
Abstract (sommario):
INTRODUCTION With respect to thermal performance, windows are the weakest component of the building envelope, essentially because the U-value is usually higher than the opaque envelope. This would allow the highest heat conductance of the building envelope. However, it also helps buildings to gain useful solar heat during winter. Therefore, it has been generally accepted that passive buildings would have small windows towards the poles and large windows facing the equator (Persson, Roos, and Wall 2006). In spite of this guideline, large or fully glazed facades have been used in modern architecture. The intensive use of air conditioning is the result of overheating and high thermal loss problems, which otherwise would lead to thermal discomfort. This extensive use of large windows associated with high energy consumption has motivated researchers to study this building component. Window areas were investigated by Persson et al. (Persson, Roos, and Wall 2006) on 20 terraced houses with larger windows facing the equator and built in Gothenburg. The building envelope was well insulated and fitted with energy efficient windows. It was found that energy efficient windows do not have a major influence on the heating demand in the winter, but it is relevant for the cooling need in summer. Therefore, reduced indoor illuminance due to small windows can be solved by enlarging them in order to obtain relevant daylighting conditions. When efficient windows are designed for a warm climate, as in Mexico, reducing heat flux and solar transmittance indoors was the best option for energy savings (Aguilar et al. 2017). However, reducing solar transmittance influences the indoor illuminance, which was not analyzed.