Tesi: "Participation observation"

1

Magdziarz, Susan F. "Examining participation in a Dolphin Observation Citizen Science program". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1523113.

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This research project examined how people utilized the Dolphin Observation Citizen Science Kit at the Crystal Cove Beach Cottages. This study explored whether this citizen science program successfully engaged people in a recreational setting that is not normally associated with science learning opportunities.

Most research on citizen science programs has focused on projects that attract people who already have an interest in science. This study took place in a location that attracts people who may have weak science identities, which made it possible to learn more about how this audience engages in citizen science programs.

The data showed that people in this setting participated in this citizen science program. People with weak and strong science identities used the kit. This indicates that this type of recreational setting could be further explored as a place to engage people with weak science identities in science education activities.

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2

Vetter, Jeremy. "Introduction: Lay Participation in the History of Scientific Observation". Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Journals Online), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/344544.

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3

Lindner, Lili, e Annelie Pettersson. "Patientdelaktighet vid bedsiderapport- uppnås detta på den kirurgiska vårdavdelningen? : En fokuserad etnografisk studie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296688.

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Background: Society demands increased patient participation in healthcare. One strategy to achieve patient participation during hospital stay in a surgical ward is implementation of handover at the patient’s bedside. The literature discusses the meaning of the concept patient participation, it is therefore important to study if patient participation can be achieved through bedside handover on the clinical ward.Aim: To explore how the bedside handover in nursing was performed on a surgical ward from the patient’s perspective focusing and participation.Method: A qualitative descriptive design with focused observations and informal interviews. A total of 23 observations were done, the analysis was inspired by ethnographic method.Results: Five themes emerged from the analysis: A calm atmosphere, Conditions for participation, To create a sense of “us”, Conversation on equal ground and at last Integrity and secrecy. The patients were active participants during the bedside handovers, they contributed with information and asked questions. The medical vocabulary was simplified and adapted to the patient’s ability. During the interviews the patients stated that the bedside handover created a sense of security and control. The observations showed though, that the patients were not asked to participate nor were they prepared for the report beforehand.Conclusion: This study shows that bedside handover gives the patient a sense of participation in his or her own care and creates a feeling of security and control. The result also shows a need for improvement regarding information, preparation and the opportunity to decline bedside handover, which offers potential to improve the bedside handover’s ability to increase patient participation.
Bakgrund: Samhället efterfrågar ökad patientdelaktighet i vården och ett sätt att möta detta krav är införandet av bedsiderapport på vårdavdelning. Litteraturen förklarar betydelsen av begreppet patientdelaktighet i teorin, det är därför motiverat att genom observation undersöka om patientdelaktighet kan uppnås med hjälp av bedsiderapport i kliniken.Syfte: Att utforska hur bedsiderapportering genomförs på en kirurgisk vårdavdelning med fokus på patientens perspektiv och delaktighet.Metod: En kvalitativ deskriptiv design med fokuserade observationer och informella intervjuer. Totalt genomfördes 23 observationer vilka analyserades med etnografisk data-analysResultat: Studiens resultat mynnade ut i fem teman: En lugn stämning, Förutsättningar för delaktighet, Att skapa en ”vi- känsla”, Samtal på lika villkor samt Integritet och sekretess. Under observationerna sågs att patienterna deltog aktivt i rapporten, de bidrog med information och ställde frågor. Det medicinska språket förenklades och anpassades efter patientens förmåga. Under intervjun uppgav patienterna att bedsiderapporten skapade en känsla av trygghet och kontroll. Dock observerades att patienterna varken tillfrågades om medverkan eller förbereddes inför rapporten.Slutsats: Studien visar att införandet av bedsiderapport får patienten att känna delaktighet i den egna vården och skapar en känsla av trygghet och kontroll. Resultatet påvisar även behov av att genom förbättringsarbete utveckla arbetssättet vidare då brister observerades gällande information, förberedelser och möjlighet att avstå bedsiderapportering. Detta skulle ge potential till förbättring av bedsiderapportens förmåga att skapa patientdelaktighet.

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4

Klocker, Natascha Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "A participatory, action-oriented and youth-led investigation into child domestic work in Iringa, Tanzania". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40975.

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This thesis has two distinct yet interrelated parts. In the first instance, it investigates child domestic work in Iringa ? a small town in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Second, it examines the participatory action research methodology that was adopted as part of that investigation. Data were collected by a team of researchers that included children and young people who had themselves been domestic workers. A questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with local leaders, employers of child domestic workers and (both current and former) child domestic workers themselves. An agenda for change - that aimed towards the redistribution of power within domestic working arrangements - was developed on the basis of those data and presented to local government authorities in Iringa. This research makes a number of contributions to understandings of both child domestic work and participatory action research methodologies. First, the thesis contends that child domestic work is a complex activity which (despite its frequently exploitative and abusive character) should not be identified as a purely harmful force in the lives of young employees. The multiplicity of ways in which that occupation is experienced can only be uncovered through the incorporation of a range of stakeholders? perspectives. Second, this research found that notions of ?family? were discursively linked to child domestic working arrangements in Iringa. This has inhibited recognition of child domestic work as ?real work?, and contributed to the exploitation of these young employees. This thesis contends that increased formalisation and regulation of child domestic work would offer an opportunity to reconstruct child domestic workers as ?employees? and thereby improve their circumstances. This research has also challenged prevalent notions of children?s incompetence and shown that young people with minimal formal education can (and should) participate as co-researchers in academic endeavours investigating their lives. However, it has also found that young people?s competencies and interests vary, and that notions of appropriate participatory processes have often failed to take such diversity into account. This thesis contends that more participatory forms of evaluation may allow greater flexibility (and relevance) to be fostered when assessing the ?success? of participatory processes. Academics need to be alert to the alienating effects that (unwittingly) ?judgemental? and (unrealistically) ?perfect? accounts of participatory and action-oriented research processes can have on young scholars.

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5

Nicholls, Ruth M. "Ethics of trust and resistance participation in indigenous research /". View abstract, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46639.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2009.
A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Social Justice and Social Change Research Centre, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.

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Nicholls, Ruth M. "Ethics of trust and resistance : participation in indigenous research". Thesis, View abstract, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/46639.

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In negotiating research relationships with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the question of colonisation runs deep. Often, as a gesture to counter the colonising effects of the research gaze, ‘participation’ is hailed as a methodological solution, as a means of healing and transforming power relations. In practice however, the ethical implications of research activities remain complex and contested (Cornwall, 2008, p.276). Much is written about why participatory methods offer remedial qualities of empowerment to counter colonialism in research, but there is little discussion of what happens when participatory research with Indigenous Australians does not operate as a smooth process of reclamation. Often, researchers avoid accounting for resistance to participation because this is viewed as a personal ‘failure’ to accurately represent the interests of a colonised group. The basis of these assumptions comes from a moral compulsion to alter power relations towards social justice: such logic cannot accept that ‘oppressed’ peoples would reject opportunities for empowerment. Yet, international literature (Kothari, 2001) shows that subjectivities comprising participatory research must be carefully considered when constructing research relationships. Drawing from a case study of my own participatory research experience with an Aboriginal community development organisation in Western Sydney, I consider how a non–Indigenous researcher might approach an understanding of their ethics when attempting to ‘decolonise’ their research. I reflexively investigate my own practice to offer a discussion of the ways in which researchers can understand how they come to determine what is ethical and what is not. My account begins with a description of a case study involving multiple forms of participation over a three–year period, which I explore as a series of ‘invited spaces’ (Cornwall, 2004). Drawing from my case study, I incorporate Foucault’s ethics (2005) by discussing how ethics codes create subjectivities, which not only shape the participants in the research, but also shape the kind of ‘selves’ researchers seek to become through participatory research. I consider the contingencies that have led to the construction of a remedial role for participatory methods in research involving Indigenous Australians by critically analysing the discourses within the National Health and Medical Research Council’s ethics guidelines. This research offers a multi–layered approach to reflexivity, by attending to transparency, interpersonal relationships, and a collective evaluation of the process with participants (Nicholls, 2009). Collective reflection about (re)presenting research findings to a variety of audiences highlights the importance of examining one’s own motives as crucial to ‘ethical’ practice. Researchers seeking to achieve a form of participation without resistance set themselves an impossible task. Resistance is not to be feared, but is to be expected within the mechanics of power relations amongst subjectivities within ‘communities’. Incorporating resistance into accounts of participatory research enables an ability to acknowledge ‘internal conflicts and contradictions’ (Fawcett and Hearn, 2004, p. 211) without deeming participation a failure. I argue that participation is a liminal space between trust and resistance, containing tensions and productive possibilities. By attending to one's ethics (Foucault, 2005), participatory researchers might now understand fluidity, uncertainty, and dynamism within research relationships as a rich source of reflexive work towards countering the colonising gaze.

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7

Chiron, Pierre-Yves. "La jeunesse s’engage avec passion : participation et décision dans un Conseil de Jeunes, entre prises et maitrises". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100047/document.

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Environ 3500 conseils d’enfants et de jeunes interviennent aujourd’hui auprès des collectivitéslocales en France. Initiée dans les années 60 et 70, cette forme d’implication et d’engagement s’estconsidérablement développée au point de devenir un vecteur important de la participation des jeunes, unvecteur de transmission et d’éducation aux valeurs de l’engagement, de l’action publique locale et de lacitoyenneté.Peu d’investigations, pourtant, sont allées ausculter, de l’intérieur, dans les assemblées plénières, dans lesgroupes de travail, la manière dont se déroulent ces échanges. C’est ce que cette recherche s’est proposé deréaliser.Le travail présenté ici repose sur une observation d’environ neuf mois d’un conseil de jeunes et plusspécifiquement d’un groupe de travail de ce conseil. Ce sont les modalités de décision, au sein du groupeValorisation, qui ont servies de base à une analyse qualitative. Comment se prennent les décisions entre lesjeunes et les animateurs du dispositif ? Quelle part les jeunes ont-ils dans ces prises de décision ? Si les jeunesimpliqués (étudiant d’environ 22 ou 23 ans pour la plupart) sont bien inscrits dans un rôle de décision par lacollectivité qui les accueille, la recherche montre une réalité beaucoup plus nuancée. Sur la durée, laparticipation se révèle évolutive et inégale. Dans le quotidien, les jeux d’acteurs, l’humour, le poids del’institution…, se révèlent des déterminants importants des prises de décision.Au final de cette navigation dans un univers de projet collectif, malgré une bonne foi affichée, la collectivitésemble pouvoir atteindre le pont d’arrivé qu’elle s’était fixé. Elle propose ainsi aux jeunes impliqués un espacede participation relativement restreint, dans lequel la revendication d’autonomie ne tarde pas à poindre
Approximately 3500 councils of children and youth councils take actions with local authorities inFrance today. Introduced in the 60s and 70s, this form of implication and commitment has considerablydeveloped. It became an important vehicle for the participation of the young people, a vehicle for transmissionand education in the values of the commitment, the local public service and the citizenship.Few investigations, nevertheless, went to examine, from the inside, in plenary meetings and in working groups,the way these exchanges are taking place. It is what is studied in this research.The work presented here is based on an observation, about nine months of a youth council and morespecifically a workgroup of this council. The modalities of decision, in the group Valuation, were used as a baseto a qualitative analysis. How are decisions, between the young people and the facilitators of the device, taken? What part do they have in this decision-making ? If the involved young people (students about 22 or 23 yearsold for the most part) are well registered in a role of decision by the community that hosted them, the researchshows a far more nuanced reality. The participation is evolutionary and uneven on duration. In everyday life,actors' sets, humour, weight of the institution, are shown to be important determinants of decision-making.In the end of this browsing in a universe of collective project, despite a displayed good faith, the communityseems to achieve the arrival bridge it had set. It is thus proposed to the involved young people, a relativelyrestricted space for participation, in which the demand for autonomy is not long in appearing

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Mac, Gabhann Liam. "Improving nurse patient therapeutic interactions in acute inpatient psychiatric care through participatory action research". Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517752.

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Xu, Shaowei Steve, e 許韶偉. "People and park conflicts in China: an observation from Shimentai nature reserve in Yingde, Guangdong Province". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B25058964.

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10

Borders, Christina Marie. "Direct Observation as a Decision Method for Evaluating Inclusionary Classroom Participation of Children with Mild Hearing Impairment: A Pilot Study". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242410154.

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11

Szarkowicz, Diane Louise, of Western Sydney Macarthur University e Faculty of Education and Languages. "Preschoolers using narrative to evidence an understanding of mind". THESIS_FEL_XXX_Szarkowicz_D.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/347.

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Children's theories of mind have been researched extensively over the past two decades. Generally, studies concerning this understanding have focused on children between three and five years of age because it is believed that an understanding of mind develops during this period. However, evidence from naturalistic contexts suggests that many younger children can demonstrate an understanding of the mind. Despite this, the focus in many studies has been the age at which children are able to demonstrate a representational understanding of mind. Less interest has been directed towards how children use their understanding during their everyday interactions. Evidence suggests further investigations need to consider the social nature of a theory of mind. For example, a growing amount of research indicates that social contexts are important in facilitating an understanding of mind. Relationships have been reported between a theory of mind and the following: peer popularity, family size and level of fantasy play. Given these, it appears necessary for research to address the social implications of an understanding of mind in 3-5 year olds. Interview and observation methods were adopted for data collection. The interview phase of this study investigated whether or not selected characteristics of narrative influenced children's performance on four non-traditional literature based false belief tasks. Results indicated that narrative style, active participation and narrative detail were significant predictors of children's ability to demonstrate an understanding of false belief. Age was not identified as a significant variable. The results from both phases in this study suggest that 3-5 year olds can demonstrate an understanding of mind during non-traditional false belief tasks and everyday interactions. It is argued that an understanding of mind is characterised by a range of behaviours and that not all these are addressed in the traditional paradigm.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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12

Lundkvist, Karin. "Intryck och avtryck : Elevers upplevelser av skapande aktiviteter i en landsortsskola". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7619.

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Sammandrag Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka elevers uppfattning om sina möjligheter att vara skapande i skolan, vilka förutsättningar som finns för skapande verksamhet och kulturupplevelser samt hur man uppfyller det styrdokumenten säger gällande estetisk verksamhet i en landsortsskola. Kvantitativ metod i form av enkätundersökningar har använts tillsammans med strukturerade observationer. Undersökningen har genomförts på mellanstadiet i en landsortsskola i västra Värmland och omfattats av 151 elever och åtta lärare. Det empiriska materialet visar att eleverna har störst möjlighet att vara skapande i de ämnen där observationerna pekade på god måluppfyllelse, där eleverna var delaktiga i sitt eget lärande samt då lokalerna var ändamålsenliga. Materialet visar även att man i liten omfattning erbjuder kulturupplevelser i skolan. Arbetets forskningsavsnitt stödjer den skapande verksamhetens betydelse i skolan genom att behandla styrdokument, utveckling och lärande, skapandeprocessen samt betydelsen av upplevelser och intryck.
Abstract The aim of this study has been to examine students' perception of their ability to be creative in school, what conditions that exist for creative activities and cultural experiences, and how to the school comply with the steering documents regarding arts in school. Quantitative method in the form of questionnaires has been used along with structured observations. The research has taken place in a primary school in western Värmland and involved 151 pupils and eight teachers. The empirical data indicates that students have the greatest opportunity to be creative in subjects where the observations pointed towards good target achievement, where students were involved in their own learning as well as were the physical premises were appropriate. The material also indicates that the pupils are offered cultural experiences only to a very limited extent in school. This study’s research section supports that the creative activities are highly relevant to school by discussing policy documents, development and learning research, creative process and the importance of experiences and impressions.

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Marvie, Sylvain. "Mise en perspective de la co-construction de connaissances au sein des éditeurs de logiciels de gestion : une caractérisation par observation participative". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3029/document.

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Cette thèse est orientée sciences de gestion et s’intéresse à l’innovation ouverte (IO). En terme pragmatique, l'innovation ouverte (IO) a pour objectif de créer de la valeur d’une part et les moyens de la diffuser par la mise en synergie de contributeurs d'un écosystème d’autre part. En termes plus managériaux et organisationnels, les Systèmes d'Information (SI), leurs processus et leurs outils vont permettre d'accélérer la création de valeur et d’optimiser et de tracer la diffusion de cette valeur. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une double assise théorique et empirique. Elle s’appuie en effet sur une partie du corpus théorique du management des systèmes d’information lié à la problématique de la connaissance (Dudezert, 2013) et de sa construction, de son intégrité et de son évaluation (Biot-Paquerot, 2013, Bidan et Godé, 2017) et ensuite sur une approche de type observation participative au sein de diverses entités en phase de co-construction de connaissances au travers d’écosystèmes d’affaires et d’innovation (Oruezabala, 2017) - EdF, Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bee Live, etc. - et de démarches « client-pilote ». Cette approche qualitative nous a permis de mettre en lumière des résultats qui montrent une grande diversité des démarches terrain et l’originalité des outils de type clients pilotes, lead users et cartographiques
This thesis is oriented in management sciences and focuses on open innovation (OI). In pragmatic terms, open innovation aims to create value on the one hand and the means to disseminate it through the synergy of contributors to an ecosystem on the other. In more managerial and organizational terms, Information Systems (IS), their processes and their tools will help speed up the creation of value and optimize and trace the dissemination of this value. This research is based on a theoretical and empirical basis. It is based on a part of the theoretical corpus of the management of information systems linked to the problem of knowledge (Dudezert, 2013) and its construction, integrity and evaluation (Biot-Paquerot, 2013, Bidan and Godé, 2017) and then on a participatory observation approach within various entities in the phase of co-construction of knowledge through business and innovation ecosystems (Oruezabala, 2017) - EdF, Région Auvergne -Rhône-Alpes, Bee Live, etc. - and "client-pilot" approaches. This qualitative approach has enabled us to highlight results that show a great diversity of field approaches and the originality of tools such as pilots, lead users and cartographers

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Hollingsworth, John (John William) Carleton University Dissertation Political Economy. "'Hard times' in the 'New times'; the institutional contradictions of an emergent local workfare state (Ontario works in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada)". Ottawa, 2000.

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Ortega-Molina, Arturo. "Participation a la reconstruction des trajectoires des ballons de venus de la mission vega par interferometrie differentielle a tres grande base (delta vlbi)". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066452.

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Presentation de la methode et des resultats de la reconstruction des trajectoires des ballons meteorologiques laches dans l'atmosphere de venus par les sondes vega par interferometrie differentielle a tres grande base (delta vlbi). Description de la participation a l'equipement de l'une des antennes du reseau de poursuite. Analyse detaillee des techniques de correlation et de traitement des observations vlbi differentielles. Discussion et evaluation des erreurs introduites par la propagation, l'instrumentation et le traitement

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Guyot, Malgorzata. "Communication financière volontaire des sociétés françaises sur l'actif immatériel et sa perception par le marché". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843590.

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Cette étude a pour objectif d'explorer et de mieux comprendre cette communication financière volontaire de sociétés françaises sur l'actf immatériel. Tout d'abord, à travers une analyse de contenu, nous découvrons les thèmes abordés par les entreprises. Nous nous interrogeons également sur l'intensité du contenu quantitatif, qui malheureusement s'avère relativement faible. Ensuite, l'analyse factorielle des correspondances nous permet de constater que les sociétés adaptent leur communication en fonction de leur taille et de leur secteur d'activité. Les grandes sociétés semblent mettre l'accent sur leur réputation et leur position sur le marché tandis que les plus petites soulignent leurs compétences et leur savoir-faire. Par ailleurs, les thèmes de communication restent cohérents avec la nature de l'activité des sociétés. Enfin, dans l'objectif de confronter cette communication avec la perception du marché, nous menons une observation participante au sein d'un bureau d'analystes financiers. Cette dernière étude nous permet de remarquer que les analystes sont effectivement à la recherche de données chiffrées et qu'ils doivent souvent faire face à l'absence de ce type de données. Cependant, ils sont également capables d'intégrer dans leurs analyses les données qualitatives. Mais elles sont intégrées de manière plus intuitive. Une meilleure prise en compte de l'actif immatériel dans les méthodes de mesure permettrait aux entreprise de mieux répondre aux besoins du marché et ainsi d'augmenter la rentabilité des actions de communication financière qui sont souvent coûteuses

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Tafon, Voma Ralph. "The Actor-Interface Case of Development Intervention in the Conservation of Mount Cameroon National Park, Buea, Cameroon". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19702.

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Critics of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) have argued that participatory approachesand trade-offs are key to effective development interventions for rural populations living adjacent to protected areas. Based on an actor-interface framework, this thesis explores among other things, the discontinuities and/or linkages between those formalized narratives surrounding the creation andmanagement of Mount Cameroon National Park (MCNP), and their actual implementation, where there are multiple actors with divergent rationalities and interests. Specifically, this thesis examines the experiences and perceptions of the Park’s rural populations vis-à-vis the participatory-driven socio-economic development of their rurality. Interview results show that while the socio-economic potentials of the Park’s conservation to the rural poor have been touted, the fragmented and ad hoc nature of these benefits seriously undermine their poverty-alleviating capacity for marginalized communities. Furthermore, this thesis shows that while participatory approaches may constitute a major technique for involving rural populations in decision-making processes that affect their lives, the benefits fall largely to influential local elites, and that community participation is sometimes sought only for less important decision-making activities. This thesis concludes that in order for ICDPs to contribute effectively to eliminating poverty traps for marginalized communities, development interventions must not only be the result of rural people’s expressed priorities, but development practitioners must also have the necessary training to understand poverty traps and development problems as nested issues that must be addressed in a comprehensive and holistic manner. The paper also suggests that ICDPs must develop rural people’s capacity in conservation activities such that they can benefit from ecotourism and other conservation-related employment, in meaningful ways.

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Turbé, Sophie. "Observation de trois scènes locales de musique métal en France : pratiques amateurs, réseaux et territoire". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0391/document.

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Comment comprendre ce qui lie la passion musicale au territoire, ou en d’autres termes, ce qui articule la « scène » au « local » ? Le monde du metal constitue un objet de choix pour observer les manifestations de la passion musicale de ses amateurs au travers d’un continuum de pratiques, qui les inscrivent à la fois dans les sphères de la consommation et de la production des scènes locales. Pour attayer ce propos, il s’agit de faire l’étude ethnographique des mécanismes de coordination de la production musicale en région, en s’appuyant sur l’observation de trois scènes locales de musique metal en France. La thèse montre comment l’action collective de ces amateurs est toujours attachée à un territoire, autant qu’aux objets musicaux qui guident leurs pratiques et leurs trajectoires. L’observation des ancrages et des mobilités, à la fois des objets et des humains qui composent ces scènes, démontre ainsi que l’action collective au sein d’un territoire de proximité est toujours pris dans de multiples enchevêtrements d’échelles et de réseaux d’acteurs qui ne peuvent se réduire à l’observation d’un monde musical à huis-clos
A multisited ethnography of three local metal scenes in France. Amateurs practices, networks and territory. How a musical passion can be connected to the territory or, in other words, what links a musical "scene" — in the sense of a local world of art — to its location ? The world of metal inform the manifestations of the musical passion of its fans through a continuum of practices, which are the supports of the sphere of consumption and production of local metal scenes. To reach a better understanding of this local anchoring of the world of metal, we have implemented an ethnographic study of the coordination mechanisms of musical expression and production in the context of local scenes, through the observation of three local metal scenes in France. This ethnographic study shows that the collective agency of music amateurs is always attached to a territory, as well as depending of the musical objects — local and translocation — that guide their practices and their trajectories. The observation of the forms of anchoring and of the mobilities, both of objects and humans, that contribute to the production of these scenes, reminds us that music amateurs always operate within the frame of a local territory. Their collective action is always caught in an entanglements of scales and networks actors, meaning that we cannot reduce the observation of a musical world to practice operated alone and behindclosed doors

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Ölmefors, Oscar. "Student Attitudes towards Flipped Classroom : A Focus Group Study on Attitude Change in Swedish Upper Secondary School, within Mathematics towards Flipped Classroom". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskaplig kommunikation och lärande (ECE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189170.

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In traditional schooling, one-way monologue from teacher to student is the established way of communication in the classroom. Modern pedagogues are presently breaking free of this status quo. This master thesis explores whether there is a change in the student’s attitudes towards their schooling and whether there is an academic benefit for the student when applying a flipped classroom model. This study was performed in Swedish upper secondary school during the students’ last course in mathematics. The study was carried out using focus group interviews and direct participating observation. During the six-week period of interviews and participating in the classroom written tasks were collected and analysed, and the classroom was filmed to help analysing behaviour of the students, both with flipped classroom and without. The outcome shows positive reactions from the students concerning this change in pedagogics, but also some inertia in some individuals. The result shows a positive attitude change concerning communication and collaboration in the classroom, although no difference in academic achievement were visible. More studies are needed, but a theoretical base needs to be built before future studies can be conducted. Today flipped classroom is undertheorized in ways of an academic model. Future research could be theorizing flipped classroom and exploring whether implementing this pedagogic model also brings forth a change in academic achievement apart from changing the attitudes of the students.

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Dupuis, Nicolas. "L'acceptabilité sociale de l'hydrogène et son processus de co-construction, un enjeu pour la transition énergétique dans les territoires". Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0537.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse de doctorat consiste à définir et étudier le processus de co-construction de l'acceptabilité sociale de l'hydrogène, ainsi que les enjeux qu'il représente pour la transition énergétique dans les territoires. Pour cela, deux terrains d'études ont été sélectionnés, qui comprennent chacun un projet de démonstration de mobilité liée à l'hydrogène : Navibus H2 (Nantes) et HyWay (Lyon). À titre comparatif, les résultats d'une étude réalisée en amont de la thèse sur un troisième terrain, GRHYD (Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque) ont également été intégré à cette thèse. La méthodologie, faisant appel à divers concepts théoriques, a été conçue pour appréhender le fait que le sujet d'étude soit peu connu du grand public. Les enquêtes ont été réalisées par questionnaire et par entretiens : à Nantes, en amont de la démonstration, auprès d'usagers d'une navette fluviale électrique et d'acteurs du quartier desservi par cette navette, et à Lyon, en cours de démonstration, auprès d'utilisateurs de véhicules électriques fonctionnant avec de l'hydrogène, ainsi qu'auprès de chargés de mission et d'élus de la métropole. Les résultats sont ensuite analysés à partir d'analyses statistiques et textuelles, puis comparés entre eux, ainsi qu'à ceux de l'enquête préalable réalisée à Dunkerque. Il a pu ainsi être mis en évidence un ensemble de représentations, d'attentes ou d'attitudes liées à l'hydrogène et plus ou moins partagées entre les groupes étudiés. Une réflexion est ensuite proposée sur la manière d'envisager une étude d'acceptabilité sociale en lien avec des projets de démonstration, ainsi que les atouts que cela représente pour une transition énergétique dans les territoires
The main objective of this thesis is to define and study the hydrogen social acceptability process, as well as the challenges of the energy transition in territories. Two fields of study with a hydrogen mobility demonstration project were selected : Navibus H2 (Nantes), and HyWay (Lyon). For comparison, this thesis includes the results of a study completed upstream, on a third field, GRHYD (Dunkirk). Hydrogen is relatively unheralded by the general public, therefore the methodology for studying was built using various theoretical concepts. The survey was conducted by questionnaire and interviews. In Nantes, it was conducted upstream the demonstration, with users of a river shuttle, the actors of the district served by this shuttle and the project directors. In Lyon, it was conducted while the demonstration, with drivers of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and members of the metropolitan organisation. Statistical and textual analyses provided comparisons between the results, as well as one with those of the preliminary survey conducted in Dunkirk. Dealing with perceptions, representations, expectations and attitudes related to hydrogen, makes possible to study how they are shared between groups. It finally leads to think about how to consider a social acceptability study related to demonstration projects, as well as its advantages to engage an energy transition in territories

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Shook, Allan. "The Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation on 30-Day Hospital Readmission Rates". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1428516831.

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Nicod, Lionel. "L'influence de l'aide au client sur sa participation en marketing des services". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1050.

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Dans un contexte de croissance des tâches du client lors des expériences de service, cette thèse étudie qualitativement et quantitativement la relation entre l'aide au client, la motivation à participer et l'efficacité de la participation du client. La thèse adopte le point du prestataire de service. La partie qualitative se fonde sur deux études complémentaires, la première reposant sur les avis clients laissés en sortie de magasin, la deuxième sur l'analyse de parcours clients. La partie quantitative se déroule en deux temps. D'abord la relation entre l'aide au client (présence, nature, vecteur) et l'efficacité de la participation est testée lors d'une quasi-expérimentation en magasin sur 557 clients observés durant l'intégralité de leur parcours. Ensuite, lors d'une deuxième étude par scénario, les deux routes motivationnelles, émotionnelle et rationnelle, sont considérées afin de comprendre comment l'aide au client accroît l'efficacité de la participation.Les apports de cette recherche sont méthodologiques et théoriques. L'efficacité de la participation du client est mesurée en observant le comportement réel du client en magasin et non par une phase déclarative, développant ainsi une méthodologie spécifique pour étudier le concept de participation. Les résultats montrent que la présence d'une aide accroît l'efficacité de la participation du client et que les émotions constituent une route motivationnelle véhiculant l'influence de l'aide au client sur l'efficacité de la participation. Ces apports permettent d'envisager la mise en place d'actions managériales permettant d'accroître l'efficacité et l'autonomie du client lors de l'expérience de service
Today, companies require a higher customer participation in service experiences. This research aims at studying the relationship between customer support, motivation to participate and customer productivity from the company point of view, through qualitative and quantitative studies. The qualitative research is founded on two complementary studies: the first one is based on customer comments in store, the second one on the customer journey analysis. The quantitative research is subdivided in two parts. First, the relationship between customer support (availability, nature and medium) and customer productivity is analyzed through the observation of 557 customer journeys. Then, the influence of motivation paths (emotions and rational motivation) are studied in a scenario based study in order to consider how customer support increases customer productivity.Research contributions are methodological and theoretical. This research brings a new methodology to study participation: the customer productivity is measured through the observation of customer real behavior and not through a declarative process. On a theoretical perspective, the customer support availability increases customer productivity and the emotions are a way to motivate customers to participate. These contributions lead companies to implement new processes to increase customer productivity and self-service activities during the service experience

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Szarkowicz, Diane Louise. "Preschoolers using narrative to evidence an understanding of mind". Thesis, [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/347.

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Children's theories of mind have been researched extensively over the past two decades. Generally, studies concerning this understanding have focused on children between three and five years of age because it is believed that an understanding of mind develops during this period. However, evidence from naturalistic contexts suggests that many younger children can demonstrate an understanding of the mind. Despite this, the focus in many studies has been the age at which children are able to demonstrate a representational understanding of mind. Less interest has been directed towards how children use their understanding during their everyday interactions. Evidence suggests further investigations need to consider the social nature of a theory of mind. For example, a growing amount of research indicates that social contexts are important in facilitating an understanding of mind. Relationships have been reported between a theory of mind and the following: peer popularity, family size and level of fantasy play. Given these, it appears necessary for research to address the social implications of an understanding of mind in 3-5 year olds. Interview and observation methods were adopted for data collection. The interview phase of this study investigated whether or not selected characteristics of narrative influenced children's performance on four non-traditional literature based false belief tasks. Results indicated that narrative style, active participation and narrative detail were significant predictors of children's ability to demonstrate an understanding of false belief. Age was not identified as a significant variable. The results from both phases in this study suggest that 3-5 year olds can demonstrate an understanding of mind during non-traditional false belief tasks and everyday interactions. It is argued that an understanding of mind is characterised by a range of behaviours and that not all these are addressed in the traditional paradigm.

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Morris, Whitney. "Influence of Teacher Participation on Student Fitness and Student Participation in Physical Education". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2855.

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Physical activity plays a key role in the health of children. Childhood obesity is increasing in the United States, and children are spending less time being physically active. Active participation by a physical education (PE) teacher in physical activities has been suggested as a means of promoting student fitness. The purpose of this quasi-experimental quantitative study was to determine whether modeling of physical activity by a PE teacher would increase student participation and physical fitness. Bandura's social learning theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. Participants included 311 4th and 5th grade elementary students enrolled in physical education classes. One group of students experienced PE teacher modeling in physical education class activities and the other group experienced no PE teacher modeling. Participation grades in physical education were used for participation scores, while the FITNESSGRAM was used to measure student physical fitness. Independent samples t tests were used to compare students' fitness and participation levels between the two groups. Results indicated no significant differences in fitness or participation between the groups based on teacher modeling. This study promoted positive social change by providing initial research findings to the local site on encouraging physical activity through teacher participation, which may be used to further examine student participation in physical activity.

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Donaldson, Rebecca S. "What Classroom Observations Reveal About Primary Grade Reading Comprehension Instruction Within High Poverty Schools Participating in the Federal Reading First Initiative". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/987.

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Reading comprehension is one of the most critical academic skills to be acquired in school; therefore, the comprehension instruction provided by teachers is of utmost importance. This study examined 3 years of classroom observation data to describe the comprehension instruction provided by kindergarten through third-grade teachers who were participating in the federal Reading First reading reform initiative within 22 high-poverty Title I schools located in rural, suburban, and urban school districts in one western state. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used to analyze data collected during 325 three-hour observations of classroom literacy instruction to identify both the quantity and the types of comprehension instruction provided. Comprehension instruction was divided into four categories in this study: vocabulary instruction; instruction provided before reading or listening to activate, assess, or build prior knowledge; comprehension instruction during or after reading or listening; and comprehension strategy instruction. Fifty-seven thousand six hundred sixty-three minutes of literacy instruction were observed; 13,237 minutes of this instruction were coded as comprehension instruction. Results of the study indicated that, on average, teachers allocated 23%, approximately 41 minutes, of their 3-hour literacy block to comprehension instruction. Overall, 96% of teachers provided at least one instructional event that was coded as comprehension instruction; however, there was tremendous variability in the amount of instruction provided and the implementation of instructional practices supported by research. Elements of the gradual-release-of-responsibility model were rarely observed including a relative lack of guided and iv independent practice to assist students in applying comprehension skills and strategies. Teachers relied heavily on asking students questions before, during, and after reading. Very little instruction was focused on cognitive strategies or instruction to support students’ acquisition of knowledge related to narrative or expository text structures. Positive outcomes included the implementation of small group instruction and the use of a variety of text types. Teachers in this study were required to implement a published core reading program, which may have exerted influence on the results that were obtained.

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Stålberg, Anna. "Facilitating participation : A joint use of an interactive communication tool by children and professionals in healthcare situations". Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35178.

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Children’s right to participation in situations that matter to them is stated in law and convention texts and is emphasized by the children themselves in research studies, too. When actively involved, their perspective is visualized. Children’s use of interactive technology has increased considerably during the last decade. The use of applications and web sites are becoming a regular occurrence in paediatric healthcare. The overall aim was to develop and test, together with children, an interactive communication tool meant to facilitate young children’s participation in healthcare situations. To understand children’s varied perceptions of their involvement in healthcare situations, interviews, drawings and vignettes were used in a phenomenographic approach (I). A participatory design iteratively evaluated evolving prototypes of an application (II). Video observations and hermeneutics captured the meanings of the participation cues that the children demonstrated when they used the application in healthcare situations (III). A quantitative approach was used to identify patterns in the children’s cue use (IV). In total, 114 children in two clinical settings and in a preschool were involved. The result showed that the children perceived themselves, their parents and the professionals as actors in a healthcare situation, although all were perceived to act differently (I). The children contributed important information on age-appropriateness, usability and likeability in the iterative evaluating phases that eventually ended up in the application (II). When using the application in healthcare situations, the cues they demonstrated were understood as representing a curious, thoughtful or affirmative meaning (III). Curious cues were demonstrated to the highest extent. The three-year-olds and the children with the least experience of healthcare situations demonstrated the highest numbers of cues (IV). Conclusion: when using the application, the children demonstrated a situated participation which was influenced by their perspective of the situation and their inter-inter-action with the application as well as the health professional. The children’s situated participation provided the professionals’ with additional ways of guiding the children based on their perspectives.
I lag- och konventionstexter, liksom i forskning, som använder barnens egna uttryck betonas deras rättighet att vara delaktiga i situationer av betydelse för dem. Genom att delta kan de göra sitt perspektiv synligt. Under det senaste årtiondet har barns användning av interaktiv teknik ökat kraftigt. Applikationer och web-sidor används nuförtiden även flitigt inom barnsjukvården. Avhandlingens övergripande syfte var att utveckla och pröva, tillsammans med barn, ett interaktivt kommunikationsverktyg avsett att möjliggöra yngre barns delaktighet i vårdsituationer. Intervjuer, teckningar och vignetter användes för att, fenomenografiskt, förstå barnens uppfattningar av att vara i en vårdsituation (I). En iterativ deltagarbaserad design användes för att utveckla en prototyp av en applikation. En hermeneutisk tolkning av video-observationer fångade meningen i barnens sätt att visa sin delaktighet (hintar) vid användningen av applikationen i vårdsituationer (III). En deduktiv, kvantitativ ansats användes för att identifiera mönster i barnens sätt att visa sin delaktighet när de använde applikationen (IV). Resultatet visade att barnen uppfattade sig själva, föräldrarna och vårdpersonalen som aktörer i situationen, även om alla uppfattades agera på olika sätt (I). Barnen bidrog i den iterativa processen med viktig information gällande aspekter som åldersanpassning, användbarhet och hur väl den tilltalar dem, vilket slutligen ledde fram till den färdiga applikationen (II). Barnens sätt att visa sin delaktighet när de använde applikationen förstods ha en nyfiken, tankfull och självbekräftande mening (III). Nyfikenheten visades mest vid användningen av applikationen. Treåringarna samt barnen med minst vårderfarenhet använde applikationen i störst utsträckning (IV). Sammanfattning: när applikationen användes i vårdsituationen visade barnen en situerad delaktighet vilken byggde på deras perspektiv på den aktuella situationen samt på deras inter-inter-aktion med applikationen och vårdpersonalen. Genom detta erbjöds vårdpersonalen ytterligare ett sätt att guida barnet utifrån barnets eget perspektiv.

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Eckerberg, Sofia, e Per Nordensten. "Vårdpersonalens roll i att skapa delaktighet i omvårdnaden av patienter före induktion av generell anestesi på en operationsavdelning". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295942.

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Background: Participation is a fundamental concept within healthcare. Specifically vulnerable are patients who are about to undergo surgical procedures. The environment and care within a surgical ward, which is of a highly technogical nature, puts large demands on efforts to create participation for the patient. Aim: The purpose of this research was to investigate how the staff created participation in the care of the patients from when they arrived at the surgery unit until general anesthesia was conducted. Methods: A qualitative observational study was chosen to investigate the aim of the study. A total of twelve observations were performed. Data was collected with field notes and analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The results consisted of four main themes; Participation through information, participation through fellowship, participation through encouragement and unestablished or lacking participation. Information were given to make the care and circumstances meaningful and comprehensible. The staff confirmed the patients’ needs and feelings in order to establish a fellowship. Encouraging the patient to use their own knowledge, experiences and physical resources also helped them to participate in their care. Conclusions: Information and fellowship were the dominating factors behind creating participation for the patient in their stay at the surgery unit. More time for planning and preparation before the patient arrives at the surgery unit will help optimize the patients participation until general anesthesia has been conducted
Bakgrund: Delaktighet är ett grundläggande begrepp inom sjukvården. Särskilt utsatta är patienter som ska genomgå kirurgiska ingrepp. Vården och miljön på en operationsavdelning är av en i hög grad teknologisk natur, vilken sätter stora krav i arbetet med att skapa delaktighet för patienten. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur vårdpersonalen skapade delaktighet i omvårdnaden av patienter från mottagandet på operationsavdelningen, tills generell anestesi inletts. Metod: En kvalitativ observationsstudie genomfördes för att svara på studiens syfte.Totalt genomfördes tolv observationer. Datainsamlingen gjordes med fältanteckningar och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet delades in i fyra huvudkategorier; delaktighet genom information, delaktighet genom gemenskap, delaktighet genom uppmuntran och utebliven delaktighet. Patienterna fick information för att göra vården och dess omständigheter meningsfull och förståelig. Vårdpersonalen bekräftade patienternas behov och känslor i syfte att skapa gemenskap. Patienterna uppmuntrades att använda sina egna kunskaper, erfarenheter och fysiska resurser vilket hjälpte dem att vara delaktiga i sin vård. Slutsats: Resultatet i studien visar hur delaktighet för patienten kan skapas på en operationsavdelning innan generell anestesi inletts. Information och gemenskap var de främsta faktorerna i att skapa delaktighet i en högteknologisk miljö som kan vara svår att begripa. För att förbättra patienternas delaktighet i det perioperativa skedet kan tid för förberedelser och planering utökas för att inte försätta vårdpersonalen i intern konflikt mellan olika lojaliteter.

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Larsson, Caroline, e Diana Mayes. "Empowerment i fältarbete - Boendestödsteamet i Västerås". Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-132.

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The aim of this study was to observe the housing support team (boendestödssteamet) in Västerås City in its visiting work and how they empowered clients. Tenants are visited by social workers, in its visiting works, when the habitants have rental charge debts. Participating observations is common in case studies, but also in fieldwork which was the foundation in our study. Our method of collecting data consisted of a triangulation; unstructured interviews with social workers, participating observations and a following up with a questionnaire. We took part in participating observations of social workers whilst visiting tenants with rental charge debts. The social services in Västerås City are getting 120-125 reports concerning rental debts from the landlords every month. We visited 46 tenants and it resulted in 23 of them paying their rental debts. All of the tenants have not paid their rental debts. We have seen how em-powering social workers activity is. Empowerment has been seen in individuals while regain-ing their own power, but also in the community when taking control over their problems with too large rental debts. Empowerment becomes a social work tool, in their visiting work, in helping tenants.

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Lafage, Laure. "Du conseil de classe en lycée : étude clinique à partir d’observations et d’entretiens". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100066.

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Cette thèse, qui s’inscrit dans une démarche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l’éducation se propose de réaliser une étude clinique de conseils de classe en lycée, à partir de l’analyse d’observations participantes effectuées par la chercheure, elle-même conseillère principale d’éducation, ainsi qu’à partir d’entretiens cliniques de recherche réalisés auprès d’enseignants du second degré. Il s’agit de porter un regard sur les enjeux conscients et inconscients à l’œuvre au cours d’un conseil de classe pour les enseignants qui y participent ainsi que sur les processus psychiques groupaux qui sous-tendent les réunions de cette instance institutionnelle. La thèse comporte cinq parties : la première partie analyse des éléments du parcours scolaire et professionnel de la chercheure et montre la manière dont elle est passée de la position d’être en recherche à celle de faire de la recherche. La deuxième partie présente le champ disciplinaire dans lequel s’inscrit ce travail ainsi que des éléments concernant la démarche et la méthodologie de recherche utilisées. La troisième partie est composée de l’ensemble des observations et de leur analyse. La quatrième partie est consacrée aux cinq entretiens cliniques et à leur analyse. Et, enfin, la cinquième partie propose une mise en perspective des analyses dans laquelle sont avancées des hypothèses de compréhension de ce qui peut se jouer en conseil de classe pour les enseignants
This thesis is a clinical approach with a psychoanalytical orientation in education science. It proposes to carry out a clinical study of high school class councils. It is based on the analysis of participating observations carried out by the researcher, who is also a senior education advisor, as well as clinical research interviews with high school teachers. It is deals with the conscious and unconscious mechanisms at work during a class council for the teachers who participate in it as well as the group psychical processes that underlie the meetings of this institutional body. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first part analyses elements of the researcher's academic background and professional career and shows how she moved on from being in a personal research to being a researcher. The second part presents the disciplinary field of this work as well as elements concerning the approach and research methodology used. The third part is composed of all the participating observations and their analysis. The fourth part is devoted to the five clinical interviews and their analysis. And, finally, the fifth part puts the analysis in perspective and proposes hypothesis to understand what can be at stake in class councils for the teachers

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Säflund, Marjatta. "Nu blev John så där tokig igen! : en essä om ett utagerande barn på ett familjedaghem". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Centrum för praktisk kunskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-38541.

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This scientific essay starts with a description of a dilemma that I as a childminder find hard to handle. The story is reproducing an incident where this day care child -John- is getting an outburst that is affecting many persons in the group activity local for childminders. The problems that are created by the repeated defiant and unwieldy outbursts by this boy are challenging to handle. I have got certain experiences of children with special needs, but that competence is not sufficient in this case. The text also describes the doubt if a single childminder really is capable to handle a child that is demanding a lot more assistance than what is normal among day care children. Is it possible to offer all the children secure attention and interesting learning when one of them is demanding extra attention and support? Would an single-handed educator be able to help the boy to function better in social contexts? When I reflect over my dilemma, I am framing my questions. Through the writing I seek a deeper insight about what solutions eventually turns out to work for the challenging child. As a result of this examining writing process, I have found that the including of the child in the day care group was successful beyond expectation. The relation between me and the child is developing in a positive way when I choose to handle his tantrums in a less emotional way. An empathic approach and dialogues opens up for a cooperation which give the child possibilities to become a participant and able to affect his everyday situation at the family day care. The smaller group is a postulate for the positive development taking place within the boy. According to me, professional childminders should have a natural place as carers to children who for various reasons do not work or thrive in larger groups. The essay also includes explorations of other educators experiences in the form of participating observations on a preschool. The initial report, the observations, the empirical analysis and the result are all linked together with the theories of practical knowledge, my reflections, new insights, theoretical knowledge, research and literature that strengthen these. The practical knowledge is running like a red thread through the text.
Den här vetenskapliga essän börjar med en beskrivning av ett dilemma, som jag som dagbarnvårdare, upplever svårhanterligt. Berättelsen återger en incident där dagbarnet, John får ett utbrott, som påverkar många personer på dagbarnvårdarnas gruppverksamhet. Problemen som pojkens återkommande trotsiga och svårhanterliga anfall orsakar är utmanande att handskas med. Viss erfarenhet av barn med speciella behov har jag men den kompetensen räcker inte till i det här fallet. Jag funderar över vilken inverkan pojkens raserianfall har på de andra barnen och vuxna i gruppverksamheten -både i den större och mindre gruppen som barnet vistas i. I texten beskrivs också tvivlet över huruvida en ensam arbetande dagbarnvårdare är kapabel att hantera ett barn, som kräver betydande assistans utöver det som dagbarn vanligtvis gör. Kan en pedagog på egen hand hjälpa pojken att fungera bättre i socialt kontext? När jag reflekterar över mitt dilemma så väcks mina frågeställningar. Genom skrivandet söker jag en djupare insikt om det som med tiden visar sig fungera för det utmanande barnet. Till följd av den här granskande skrivprocessen har jag kommit fram till att inkludering av barnet i dagbarnsgruppen lyckades över förväntan. Relationen mellan barnet och mig utvecklas positivt när jag väljer att hantera de problematiska utbrotten mindre emotionellt. Empatiskt förhållningssätt och samtal öppnar till ett samarbete, som ger barnet möjlighet att vara delaktig och påverka sin vardag på familjedaghemmet. Den mindre gruppen är en förutsättning för den gynnsamma utvecklingen som sker hos pojken. Enligt mig bör yrkesgruppen dagbarnvårdare ha sin givna plats som omsorgsgivare för barn som inte av olika anledningar trivs eller mår bra i större grupper. Uppsatsen innehåller även ett utforskande av andra pedagogers erfarenheteri form av deltagande observationer på en förskola. Den inledande berättelsen, observationerna, analysenav empirin samt resultatet knyts samman med den praktiska kunskapens teori, mina reflektioner, nya insikter, teoretiska kunskaper, forskning och litteratur som stärker dessa. Den praktiska kunskapen går som en röd tråd genom texten.

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Bouzguenda, Islam. "Towards socially sustainable smart cities: observations and potentials from digitizing participatory planning". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671403.

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This thesis contributes to the current debate on the relationship between the participation of digital citizens in urban planning and social sustainability within the framework of the smart city concept. Recent studies have reported that smart city initiatives are failing to live up to sustainability expectations. This, in turn, opens up questions about social sustainability expectations, which require more research. This thesis is written to cast light on the importance of considering the social dimension in smart cities by emphasizing the potential role of citizen participation in urban planning. Specifically, the focus of this study was on small cities in Europe that claim to play an important role in the economic and political development of the European union and hence, should be given more attention in research. This is crucial in social sustainability research since some small cities and their disadvantaged areas are struggling to compete with cities that are able to attract wealth and development, thus reinforcing the inequality gap. This thesis aims to answer three main questions: i) Can digital citizen participation play a role in advancing social sustainability in smart cities?; ii) How can small cities prepare to introduce digital participatory planning under the umbrella of smart cities and how to assess a city’s readiness for digital participatory planning?; and iii) What are the implications of utilizing three-dimensional digital participatory planning on the participatory planning process in less-advantaged area? This study was conducted in three stages based on a collaboration with a government organization and the local citizens. Qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized. The first stage of the research was based on a systematic review of the literature. The second stage utilized qualitative semi-structured interviews and quantitative questionnaires to collect data that were then analyzed using SPSS and NVivo software. The third stage of the research was based on the implementation of a digital participation tool in a real development project in Schiedam, the Netherlands
Aquesta tesi contribueix al debat actual sobre la relació entre la participació ciutadana digital en la planificació urbana i la sostenibilitat social en el marc del concepte de ciutat intel·ligent. Les recerques recents sobre aquest tema indiquen que les iniciatives de les ciutats intel·ligents no estan a l’altura de les expectatives de la sostenibilitat. Aquesta qüestió obre nous interrogants sobre les preocupacions específiques de sostenibilitat social, que mereixen una recerca més aprofundida. Aquesta tesi posa el focus sobre la importància de considerar la dimensió social de les ciutats intel·ligents destacant el paper potencial de la participació ciutadana en la planificació urbana. En particular, se centra en les ciutats petites d’Europa, que exerceixen un paper important en el desenvolupament econòmic i polític de la Unió Europea i que, per tant, haurien de rebre més atenció per part de la comunitat científica. Això és crucial en la recerca sobre la sostenibilitat social, ja que algunes ciutats petites i les seves zones desfavorides lluiten per competir amb ciutats que són capaces d’atreure la riquesa i el desenvolupament, fet que reforça la bretxa de la desigualtat. La present tesi té per objecte respondre a tres preguntes principals: Podria la participació ciutadana digital exercir un paper en el foment de la sostenibilitat social a les ciutats intel·ligents?; Com podrien preparar-se les ciutats petites per introduir la planificació participativa digital en el marc de les ciutats intel·ligents?, i Com podria avaluar-se la preparació de la ciutat per a la planificació participativa digital? L’estudi, que es va dur a terme en tres etapes, es va basar en una col·laboració amb una organització governamental i amb ciutadans. Es van utilitzar mètodes qualitatius i quantitatius. La primera etapa de la recerca es va basar en un examen sistemàtic de la bibliografia. En la segona etapa es van utilitzar entrevistes qualitatives semiestructurades i qüestionaris quantitatius per reunir les dades que després es van analitzar utilitzant el programari SPSS i NVivo. La tercera etapa de la recerca es va basar en la implementació d’una eina de participació digital en un projecte de desenvolupament real a Schiedam , Països Baixos

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Pozneanscaia, Cristina. "Hyperactive Behavior and Participation in Social Play in a Swedish Preschool Context : A Cross-Sectional Study". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, CHILD, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49522.

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The present thesis sought to compare participation in social types of play of children with and without hyperactivity in a Swedish preschool context. Based upon observational design of cross-sectional type, this study was built on a secondary analysis of data collected within two previous research projects that were merged into one dataset. A total of 583 children (n = 298 boys) aged 16 to 72 months (M = 52.55, SD = 11.01) were initially included in the sample. Preschool teachers rated children’s behavior difficulties on a hyperactivity scale using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Structured observations of children’s attendance, engagement, verbal interaction, proximity and location during associative and cooperative interaction were conducted across day-long visits by three trained researchers using Children Observation in Pre- school (COP) tool. Conditional probability looping syntaxes were created and Independent sample t-Tests were used to analyze the data. Out of 572 children included in the analysis, n = 60 (10,2%) were rated as having some form of hyperactivity. On the whole, the findings illustrated that the observed averages of attendance and overall engagement in social types of play did not differ significantly between children with and without hyperactivity. However, an in-depth analysis of participation patterns, linked to contextual and environmental factors such as proximity and play location, revealed several considerable differences between the two groups of children. It seems that preschoolers with hyperactive behavior seek social play opportunities as much as their typical behavior peers, but the quality aspects of their experience defined by a specific context and environment may differ further as the interaction develops. Contextual and environmental factors are crucial determinants to take into account when studying participation. Play, operating as a natural booster of self-regulation and engagement may have the potential to serve as a mediating factor accommodating hyperactivity and promoting participation in Early Childhood Education settings.

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Schipounoff, Nathalie. "Aimables startuppers : pour un monde meilleur ou une meilleure place ? : Ethnologie du mode startup dans un incubateur parisien". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7107.

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« Changer le monde et en faire un meilleur endroit » est le leitmotiv de tout startupper qui souhaite convaincre des investisseurs. Une startup dans l’IT (information technology) est « une institution humaine conçue pour créer un produit ou un service dans des conditions d’incertitude extrême » (Ries E). Que signifie alors pour un startupper « vouloir changer le monde » ? Les fantasmes de la réussite pour tous et de l’entrepreneuriat suffisent-ils à prendre un tel risque ? Notre hypothèse de départ est que le mode startup observé dans ce travail de recherche est une fabrique de « nouveaux ambitieux » dans le système néolibéral. L’enjeu est de permettre aux startuppers d’espérer contribuer par leur travail à un monde meilleur, alors qu’ils restent au service de la sphère financière et des levées de fonds, voire de la spéculation en échange d’une meilleure place sociale. Pour en faire la démonstration, les méthodes utilisées dans cette recherche s’articulent autour de quatre grands axes : - une recherche académique, conjuguée à une veille récurrente, - une observation ethnologique participante dans un incubateur parisien pendant plus de 15 mois, - une étude ethnographique et sémantique des posts (billets) partagés et anonymisés sur Facebook de startuppers et de monographies biographiques publiées sur Tumblr des fondateurs de startups présents pendant la phase de terrain. L’objectif est de tenter dans la lignée du « Village métamorphosé » de Pascal Dibie d’apporter à sa mesure, à l’échelle d’un incubateur « une approche singulière porteuse de l’universel » (Giust-Desprairies F), des éclairages sur les coutumes, les rituels voire les croyances du monde des startups et de démontrer dans cette recherche en quoi le mode startup n’a pas vocation à sortir du capitalisme mais à le réenchanter. L’utopie aux sources du numérique qui consiste à vouloir changer le monde est devenue un pitch marketing. Toutefois, cette étude entrevoit dans ce postmodernisme et le fait de devenir startupper une forme de résilience. Créer une startup, c’est vouloir retrouver du sens et une place parmi les meilleurs, mais c’est aussi tenter de concilier l’inconciliable : humaniser la déshumanisation
« Change the world and make it a better place » is the leitmotif of all startupper wishing to convince investors. An IT (information technology) start-up is « a human institution designed to create a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainty » (Ries E). What does it mean then for a startupper to change the world ? Are the entrepreneurship and the success-for-all fantasy enough to take such a risk ?The hypothesis here retained is that the start-up mode observed in this research paper remains one of the instruments for a new form of elitism and adherence signs to exercice their capitalism power. The possibility for individuals to hope to make, by their work, the world a better place is at stake, while they are serving market capitalization, fundraising, if ever speculation in exchange for a best social position.To demonstrate it, the methods employed in this research hinge on four main axes :- An academic research, combine to a recurrent watch- A participating ethnological observation in a Parisian incubator for more than 15 months. - An ethnographic and semantic studies of anonymized posts shared on Facebook by startuppers and startups founders’ biographical monographs present during the field phase.In keeping with the « metamorphosed Village » of Pascal Dibie, this research intends to bring to the scale of an incubator « a singular approach bearer of universal » (Giust-Desprairies F), perspective on customs, rituals if ever beliefs of the startup nation and intends to demonstrate in what way the start-up mode has become a factory for new ambitious. At the root of the numerical utopia, the will to change the world has become today for the startuppers a marketing pitch.Nevertheless this study also glimpses in the postmodernism and the fact to become a startupper a form of resilience : certainly it is wanting to find back sense and a place among the best, but undoubtedly it is a tentative to reconcile the unreconcilable, render more human the dehumanization

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Ricci, Andrea. "The Early Political Web, 1995-2005: A ten-year observational research seeking evidence of eDemocracy in the information architecture of political parties web sites worldwide". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209496.

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Scholarly interest for the impact of technologies on democracy has raised in parallel to the decline of political participation. Technology has often been seen as either one of the causes of the crisis of representative democracy or as a powerful remedy to heal the negative externalities generated by party oligopolies.

The study of the impact of new media in party politics or presidential elections dates back the forties (with the outgrowth of radio) and has evolved in cyclical waves until today, covering the emergence of television, the development of global telecommunications, the birth of internet and finally what’s popularly called the Web 2.0.

The notion of eDemocracy emerges from this dynamic, but is in a league of its own.

There is no agreement on many of the terms that one needs to use to dissect its meaning. Scholars diverge on virtually every foundational concept: from the very definition of democracy and interactivity, to the core functions of political parties, to the definition of propaganda as opposed to political communication or to political marketing. As a consequence of this, there is little agreement on both what could be done in theory with eDemocracy and what is actually done in practice.

A permanent tension exist between idealtypes and real types in this domain.

The aim of this research is to prove this thesis with the largest and most global research unit of political parties web sites at the time of writing.

The choice of an information architecture approach has allowed to cover some uncharted territory while providing a first set of data on the structures of the political web (in 2004-2005) for public scrutiny.

The core of this research contribution consists in a basic taxonomy and a set of data (on the intentions and on the information architecture) resulting from a 10 years observational research on the early actors of the political web (stricto sensu i.e. 2073 political parties web sites), reviewed with a new degree of detail (through an ad hoc software procedure aiming at dissecting the structure of political web sites) and grouped into 3 main families (protosites, mesosites and neosites) of party web sites. These clusters of homogeneous web sites share a common way to deal with space, with files, with usability, with multimedia.

Classic views on eDemocracy insisted on the improvement deriving from more political information online: in theory, the more information we have, the more we can compare it and use it for our political orientation/participation. In practice, to describe the problem in cybernetic terms, this empirical research shows that load appears to be an issue for most party sites: there is too often either too little content (one out of five party sites around the world is a "protosite") or too much (11% of the observed universe materializes in real “content caverns”). A little more than 4% of the sites (a high end mesosite or neosite) had between 10000 and 48,000 links !

Cyber optimists have seen in the proliferation of party web sites a sign of improved party competition. For political minorities or for incumbent parties, in the political web, like in eCommerce, what really makes the difference is the conversion rate i.e. the number of visitors that turn into involved voters. Now, with the type of technical, socio-economical constraints reducing the widespread access to the net, with motivational factors (trust and degree of social connectedness) that may alter the individual’s response to the online information offer, with the imperfect implementation (in terms of usability) of the information architecture requirements for optimal political persuasion and communication online, the actual conversation rate of political parties web sites is likely to remain modest.

One of the most characteristic uses of the political web discovered in this research is to provide cloud like archival services for the party community. Parties - in the first ten years of the political web - were trying to check mainstream media and use their sites as a low cost, contemporary version of the party newspapers of the 70s.

Although this dissertation is not investigating the specific impact of party sites, the structural analysis carried out in the empirical validation suggests that the architecture of party sites in the years 1995-2005 was developing in such a way to be less and less capable of injecting meaningful inputs in the circuitry of modern democratic institutions. Engaged in a frontal competition with traditional news media (and deprived of the same assets), the early political web stricto sensu (and the set of interactive applications it contains) seems to be too a weak vector to channel adequate stimuli to alter and modify electoral processes or institutional dynamics.

The majority of the respondents of a political webmasters survey (107 individuals responded to the survey) carried out in the course of this research project indicates that the party site is not the party's leaders favourite platform to launch messages (64% of the answers disagree or strongly disagree to the statement). The majority of the respondents in the same empirical fieldwork agrees to the following statements: “the web is not the most important tool for the party communication strategy (58%)”, “key messages are published simultaneously on all media available (77%)”, “the party has created this site to allow people to contact candidates directly (63%)”, “the biggest part of the interaction with the public happens live, in meetings - the web is used essentially to post the party documents and to give news to the electorate (73%)”.

The most interesting results of this question are related to the transactive / mediating role of party communication online. It is beyond any doubt that in the view of these respondents their site has not been created “to invite the opposition to discuss with us (81%)”. If there is a politically relevant process that goes on in these sites it’s really among like-minded.

The mission statement [our party site is meant] “to gather the wants and needs of the electorate” splits respondents in two (54% of the respondents agrees and 47% and disagrees), but 73% of all respondents also agrees that most of the interactions with the electorate are non mediated, thus limiting the relevance of the political web stricto sensu to a mere information delivery platform.

The central thesis emerging from this first major reality check of the political web is that the structure of most party sites is simply not made to generate the ambitious levels of deliberative democracy. Not only a large number of party sites are microscopic, but they lack the basic means for human to human interactivity, a criticism that .In 34,7% of the cases scrutinized in the survey the sites lacked even of the mailto command (used to allow end users to write mails to the webmaster). In 51.9% of the cases there is no form at all, to facilitate structured communications between the party and the audience. The majority of the early actors of the political web were not structured to engage in deliberative activities. Only a fraction of the universe (between 1 and 2%) showed multiple forms and input methods corresponding to advanced neosites (along the model of the US Green Party Action Centre) or the so called over exposure sites (such as the Argentinian Humanista party). The bottom line is that interactivity levels found – worldwide - on the largest array of political parties sites were (in the period between 1995 and 2005) simply discouraging, if one tends to believe in the rhetoric of eDemocracy.

A corollary of my central thesis is that the reality of the political web generated by parties between 1995 and 2005, shows a significant presence of techniques and communication forms typical of political marketing and propaganda. ‘Commands’, calls for ortopraxy, confrontational communication and a growing number of ‘digital tricks’ structure the toolbox of the best party web architects. A form of weak propaganda (the only sort of ‘naked hand’ propaganda that most political parties can afford to pay) has invaded and captured cyberspace. And the user community is becoming increasingly aware of this.

This research does not cover the user dimension. However marginal data obtained in one of the three empirical sections (the Web Master survey) seem to indicate that the political web (of the early years) maintained the capacity to swing some marginal seats.

This research covers forms of interactivity based on BBS, online fora and blogs but does not cover the historical period of the development of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. The scientific conclusions are therefore intrinsically limited in value to the decade they refer to, but it is argued in the conclusions that recent surveys (Internet and Campaign 2010 Survey by Pew) do not seem to indicate that the so called Web 2.0 is drastically changing the levels of online political participation.

Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Wallace, Matthew. "A pilot study of an employee developed observational tool as a valid and reliable measure of organisational safety". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1066.

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Given the increasing high social and economic costs of occupational injury and illness to the Australian community, identification of initiatives to reduce the burden is urgently required. Paramount to reversing this trend is the need to identify and address the causes of the injury and illness. Employee involvement in occupational health and safety has for some time been espoused as an essential element in any occupational health and safety program, but its relationship with safety performance still remains unexplored. Although various theories suggest that the involvement of employees will increase their sense of ownership, there is little research to suggest that employees have the ability to develop a valid and reliable tool to measure safe practices in the workplace. The primary purpose of this study was to provide preliminary evidence of content and construct validity of an employee developed checklist in measuring compliance with safe behaviours. The second objective was to compare behaviours at two workplaces, one with an incentive scheme to promote safe behaviour and one without. The third objective was to determine the relationships between demographic characteristics of participants and compliance with safe behaviour. The study was conducted in two distinct phases. The first phase was an instrument development phase while the second was an implementation phase. Phase I involved the design of an employee developed checklist (EDC) and a theoretically developed checklist (TDC). Content validity testing was conducted by a panel of five experts in the field of instrument design and occupational health and safety. Phase II involved the observation of a sample of 44 ride on lift truck operators from two large manufacturing and logistics companies based in Victoria, over a three month period to measure compliance with safe work practices. Data was analysed to establish whether the EDC is a valid and reliable tool when compared against the TDC. The results provide preliminary evidence to suggest that employees possess the necessary skill and knowledge to develop a valid observational checklist. A Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for dependent samples indicates that there was no significant difference between the compliance scores recorded on the EDC and the scores recorded on the TDC. Further analysis of scores obtained for three items on the EDC were analysed against similar items on the TDC with no significant deficiencies found. Additionally, analysis of the correlation between the scores obtained on the TDC and EDC revealed a moderately strong positive relationship between the two checklists (r, = 0.414, p=.032). Inter rater reliability testing by intra class correlation and percentage agreement revealed problems with both the EDC and TDC, which may be partially explained by the relatively high level of compliance with safe behaviour at both sites and the method of testing. In this sample, age, gender and the presence of safety incentive schemes had no significant effect on the level of compliance. The level of experience did, however, show a positive relationship with compliance levels (r, = 0.32, p=.048). The results of this study present a number of potential benefits for workplaces including the justification of employee involvement in occupational health and safety measurement, employee involvement in goal setting and the feasibility of developing a proactive, inexpensive and flexible measure of occupational health and safety performance.

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Moon, Merchant Vickie V. "A longitudinal trend study of a university-based teacher induction program: observable behaviors of urban teachers and their perceptions of program components five years after participation". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4265.

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This longitudinal trend study (Gall, Borg & Gall, 1996) examined the effectiveness of a one-semester university-based teacher induction program as compared to a two-semester university-based teacher induction program based on the observation scores of classroom teaching behaviors urban novice teachers exhibited during the first year of teaching. These scores were further analyzed in relation to the socio-economic level of the school and the grade level taught. Additionally, the study explored the past participantsÃ¢ÂÂ perceptions of the teacher induction program components of a one-semester program and a two-semester program during their fifth year of teaching. Their perceptions were also examined in relation to the socio-economic level of the school and the grade level taught. The study examined the observation scores of classroom teaching behaviors of 145 urban novice teachers participating in either a one-semester or two-semester universitybased teacher induction program. The urban novice teachers demonstrated growth over time as measured by the first and final observation scores of classroom teaching behaviors. However, the length of the university-based teacher induction program did not affect the observation scores of classroom teaching behaviors. Further, neither the socio-economic level of the school nor the grade level taught affected the observation scores of classroom teaching behaviors. Although the three components of the university-based teacher induction program received high means, 82 past participants of a one-semester or a two-semester teacher induction program responding to the Teacher Induction Program Participant Survey (TIPPS) recognized formative observation as the most effective component. Peer support and professional development were perceived second and third respectively. No statistical significant differences of the one-semester or two-semester past participantsÃ¢ÂÂ perceptions of peer support, professional development or formative observation were found related to the socio-economic level of the school or the grade level taught.

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Cochran, Richard Michael. "Rendered services : an ethnographic observational study on the participation of student assistants in the provision of a small college library's public services /". The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108308611.

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CUNHA, Andrews Rafael Bruno de Araújo. ""No nosso Conselho tem desenvolvimento": um estudo sobre o Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável de Petrolina / PE". Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2013. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1784.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-24T15:30:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREWS RAFAEL BRUNO DE ARAÚJO CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2013..pdf: 8396455 bytes, checksum: b4db179a99a189853b1525a62a854217 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T15:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDREWS RAFAEL BRUNO DE ARAÚJO CUNHA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCS 2013..pdf: 8396455 bytes, checksum: b4db179a99a189853b1525a62a854217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-19
Durante décadas, no Brasil, foram buscadas estratégias de promoção da participação social nas decisões sociais, políticas e económicas do país. Após anos de um regime autoritário, diversas manifestações da sociedade civil organizada levaram à criação de espaços de debate integrado, onde Estado e sociedade pudessem discutir, conjuntamente, estratégias de desenvolvimento em busca do melhoramento da qualidade de vida da população. Após a Constituição de 1988, estes espaços, chamados de Conselhos, foram criados e difundidos nas mais diversas áreas, tais como saúde, assistência social, educação etc. Para o debate integrado relacionado às condições de vida e produção da população rural do país, foram criados os Conselhos Federal, Estaduais e Municipais de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável, os quais foram amplamente difundidos após o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar - PRONAF. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável de Petrolina, Pernambuco, a partir de suas ações para o desenvolvimento local e integrado da população rural do município. Para tanto, nos utilizamos dos debates de Sen, Putnam, Abramovay, Franco e Beduschi Filho sobre desenvolvimento como liberdade, capital social, desenvolvimento local integrado e aprendizagem social, respectivamente, para fundamentar a visão de desenvolvimento aqui assumida. A partir, então, da inversão da lógica capital-economicista atualmente vigente, a qual coloca em foco o desenvolvimento econômico em detrimento do desenvolvimento social, cultural e político, consideramos, a partir dos dados obtidos e observações realizadas, que o CMDRS de Petrolina tem sido uma importante ferramenta para o desenvolvimento da área rural do município, promovendo a participação, o controle e a aprendizagem social e a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população desta área
For decades, strategies to promote social participation in social, economic and policy decisions were pursued in Brazil. After years of an authoritarian regime, various manifestations of civil society led to the creation of spaces for integrated debate, where state and society could discuss, jointly, developing strategies in pursuit of improving the population's quality of life. After the 1988 Constitution, these spaces, called Councils, were created and disseminated in several áreas, such as health, social care, education etc. For the integrated discussion related to the living conditions and production of the rural population in the country, Federal, State and Municipal Councils of Sustainable Rural Development were created and widely disseminated after the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture - PRONAF. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to analyze the City Council for Sustainable Rural Development in Petrolina, Pernambuco, through their actions for local and integrated development of rural population of the city. To do so, we used the debates of Sen, Putnam, Abramovay, Franco and Beduschi Filho on development as freedom, social capital, integrated local development and social learning, respectively, to support the development view assumed here. From the inversion of the capital-economicist logic currently in effect, which shifts the focus to economic development at the expense of social, cultural and politicai developments, consider, from the data obtained and observations conducted, the CMDRS Petrolina has been an important tool for the development of the city's rural area, promoting participation, control and social learning and improving the population's quality of life of this area.

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Rosenberg, Anthony James. "O estágio burocrático e a formação do professor: paisagens de ação e paisagens de consciência na Licenciatura em Língua Inglesa - um estudo de caso". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-12022009-151444/.

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Esta dissertação investigou, através de um estudo de caso de uma instituição de ensino superior privada, o estágio supervisionado de professores no curso de Licenciatura para a Língua Inglesa. Embora tenha o propósito de promover uma experiência prática no local de trabalho, observa-se que o estágio supervisionado obrigatório, pela legislação, para o professor se formar muitas vezes se torna um momento de frustrações para o estagiário. Identificando os conceitos teóricos desse tipo de estágio, esta Investigação indicou que a burocracia interfere na construção de identidade, na formação e preparação do professor. Esta experiência singular pode, no entanto, ser um evento gratificante no percurso do estagiário se houver a devida orientação. A investigação conclui que com a adoção de uma abordagem sociológica, etnográfica e dialética para uma pesquisa inicial é de grande relevância, os estagiários tenderão a mitigar as frustrações relacionadas à documentação e envolver-se numa investigação valiosa a respeito de: o que é um professor, o que ele faz, quem sou eu (estagiário) e que tipo de professor eu quero ser. Argumento, portanto, que a participação ativa e engajada nesse momento da carreira do professor, é essencial para promover uma formação inovadora de professor para um mundo moderno e em constante mudança.
This dissertation has investigated, by means of a case study in a private college, supervised teachers internships at Teachers College for English teachers. Despite proposing hands-on experience in the work place, the supervised internship, legally mandatory for teachers to graduate, quite often turns out to be a moment of frustration for the teacher-to-be. By bringing to light the theoretical background of such an internship, this investigation indicates that bureaucracy interferes in the construction of identity, as well as in a teachers education and preparation. This unique experience can, however, be a fulfilling event in the interns journey if it is given the due orientation. The investigation has concluded that by adopting a sociological, ethnographic and dialectic approach to such an initial yet significant research paper, interns will be more inclined to see beyond the red tape and involve themselves in a rewarding investigation of: what a teacher is, what a teacher does, who am I and what kind of teacher do I wish to be. I therefore argue that active and engaging participation at this point in an interns career is essential for promoting innovative teacher education for the modern, everchanging world.

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Charonnet, Emmanuel. "A la recherche des papillons perdus : Les naturalistes amateurs à l'épreuve des observatoires participatifs de la biodiversité". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0004/document.

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De nombreux naturalistes amateurs battent la campagne et entreprennent parfois de véritables expéditions afin d’inventorier les différentes entités du monde naturel. Ils le font par passion, sur leur temps de loisir, et souvent en étroite collaboration avec des institutions académiques, en particulier les muséums d’histoire naturelle. Face à la crise d’extinction qui touche la biodiversité, cette collaboration entre amateurs et professionnels se renouvelle à travers notamment ce qui est appelé en France les sciences participatives. Cette thèse documente ce phénomène avec pour objectif de comprendre ce que les observatoires participatifs de la biodiversité transforment dans la pratique des naturalistes amateurs. Afin de mieux représenter la diversité des observateurs et des dispositifs, nous avons choisi de nous pencher sur le cas des amateurs de papillons peu étudiés jusque-là lorsqu’ils s’impliquent dans des atlas ou des suivis de biodiversité. A travers des méthodes ethnographiques privilégiant la longue durée de l’enquête et la description des pratiques en situation, notre travail accorde un soin particulier à documenter l’irruption du numérique dans la circulation des connaissances entre pairs, la diversification des régimes d’attention dans les expériences d’observation, et la multiplication des manières d’alerter la société sur les dangers qui menacent la biodiversité. En soulignant le lien entre les composantes communautaires, expérientielles, et politiques de l’activité des naturalistes amateurs, cette thèse défend l’idée qu’il y a un continuum entre le mouvement des corps et la formation des valeurs : l’engagement des naturalistes amateurs apparaît ainsi comme processuel et multiforme. Le plaisir de l’observation et la nécessité de témoigner s’y conjuguent, avec des attachements aux espèces rencontrées et aux espaces parcourus qui génèrent dans certains contextes des temps plus militants de décloisonnement des savoirs
Many amateur naturalists comb the countryside and sometimes undertake full-size expeditions to inventory the different entities of the natural world. They do it by passion, on their leisure time, and often in close collaboration with academic institutions, especially museums of natural history. Faced with the extinction crisis affecting biodiversity, this collaboration between amateurs and professionals is being renewed through what is called citizen sciences (participatory sciences in France). This thesis documents this phenomenon with the aim of understanding how participatory observatories of biodiversity transform the practice of amateur naturalists. In order to better represent the diversity of observers and schemes, we chose to focus on butterfly watchers little studied so far when they get involved in biodiversity atlases or monitoring schemes. Through ethnographic methods favoring long-term investigation and description of situated practices, our work paid a particular attention to document the irruption of digital technologies in the circulation of knowledge among peers, the diversification of attention regimes in observation experiences, and the multiplication of ways to alert society on the dangers that threat biodiversity. By highlighting the link between the community, the experiential and the political components of amateur naturalists’ activities, this thesis defends the idea that there is a continuum between the movement of bodies and the formation of values : the engagement of amateur naturalists thus appears as processual and multifaceted. The pleasure to observe and the need to testify intertwine, with attachments to encountered species and to visited areas which generate in some contexts activist attitudes reducing the partition of knowledges

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Ahmed, Farah Daher. "Savoir et pouvoir dans le contexte de Djibouti : des configurations éducatives entre constructions de savoir et relations de pouvoir". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1183/document.

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Cette thèse s’attache à éclairer un objet peu investigué par la recherche à et sur Djibouti : les liens entre savoir et pouvoir dans un contexte où interagissent tradition pastorale de type nomade et non-tradition sédentaire d’origine coloniale. A partir de constats d’expérience et de l’hypothèse par eux suggérée que savoir et pouvoir ont des liens, elle examine, selon un cadre théorique multiréférentiel (au sens de Jacques Ardoino), et (entre autres sources) par une approche ethnographique précédée d’une démarche exploratoire par entretiens semi-directifs : l’éducation traditionnelle, l’éducation scolaire d’origine coloniale ainsi que l’impact de la scolarisation sur les rapports sociaux traditionnels. Elle met en lumière les configurations éducatives traditionnelles et repère des liens organisés par l’âge entre savoir non-écrit (savoir ancestral) et pouvoir. Elle pointe l’école et ses configurations éducatives où s’acquiert un savoir qui, selon une logique largement déconnectée de l’âge de ses bénéficiaires, confère du pouvoir. Elle montre que, dans le contexte colonial et postcolonial, la scolarisation, par le savoir qu’elle transmet et le pouvoir lié à ce savoir en termes de possibilités, impacte les rapports sociaux traditionnels. En effet, dans l’espace dominant qu’est la ville coloniale puis post-coloniale, les pasteurs autochtones scolarisés se retrouvent en position haute à l’égard de leurs compatriotes non-scolarisés, y compris lorsque ces derniers sont plus âgés qu’eux. C’est, par exemple, le cas à l’endroit de leurs propres parents si ceux-ci n’ont pas fréquenté l’école. Cela crée un renversement de situation par rapport au postulat traditionnel qui veut que le sujet soit plus ‘’sachant’’ que les moins âgés que lui et donc les parents plus ‘’sachants’’ que leurs enfants. Les résultats de la thèse apparaissent plutôt transposables dans des contextes comparables, notamment en Afrique. Enfin, sont repérés dans cette recherche, non sans quelque relation avec l’objet investigué, des phénomènes sociaux à l’oeuvre à Djibouti, et peut-être pas seulement à Djibouti : effets du changement climatique, une montée de la religiosité, une catachrèse des objets et lieux urbains par les pasteurs, une pratique sociale autour de la consommation du khat que nous appelons le khater, ou encore un sentiment de régression qui, en ville comme à la campagne, traverse les lieux de sociabilité. Ce sont là autant de perspectives intéressantes de recherche
This thesis is aimed at clarifying a topic poorly investigated by research in and on Djibouti: the links between Knowledge and Power in a context where have been interacting nomadic pastoral tradition and non-tradition of colonial origin. From findings of experience and the hypothesis based on them that Knowledge and Power have links, the thesis examines, in a multi-referential theoretical framework (within the meaning of Jacques Ardoino), and (among other sources) through an ethnographic approach preceded by a semi-structured interview-based exploration: Traditional Education, School Education of colonial origin as well as the Impact of the Schooling on the Traditional Social Relations. It brings to light the Traditional Educational Configurations and reveals age-structured Links between non-written Knowledge (Ancestral Knowledge) and Power. It also points at School and its Educational Configurations where is acquired a Knowledge which, in a way widely disconnected from its recipients’ age, gives Power. It shows that, in the colonial and postcolonial context, Schooling, through the Knowledge it gives and the Power linked to this Knowledge in terms of opportunities, impacts Traditional Social Relations. In fact, in the dominant colonial and postcolonial urban area, i.e the town, the schooled pastoralists are in higher position compared to their non-schooled fellow natives, even if the latter are older than them. It’s, for example, the case toward their own parents if these have not attended school. This creates a reversal situation compared to the Traditional Pastoral Assumption that the Individual knows more than those younger than him and so do the parents with regard to their children. The results of the thesis appear rather transferrable into similar contexts, especially in Africa. Finally, are pointed at in this research, in some relation with the topic investigated, social phenomena at work in Djibouti, and perhaps not only in Djibouti: Climate change effects, Rise of religiosity, Catachresis of Urban Items and Places, a Social Practice around the Consumption of Khat that we call the Khating, or a Sense of Regression which is shared in rural and urban Places of Sociability. These are interesting directions of research

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42

Troude, Pénélope. "Devenir à long terme de couples traités par fécondation in vitro dans la cohorte DAIFI". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933360.

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Les études sur les couples traités par fécondation in vitro (FIV) ont jusqu'à présent porté essentiellement sur l'évaluation du succès en FIV. Très peu de données sont disponibles sur le devenir à long terme de couples traités par FIV. L'objectif de ce travail était d'estimer la fréquence de réalisation du projet parental à long terme, et d'étudier les facteurs associés aux interruptions précoces des traitements et aux naissances naturelles.L'enquête DAIFI-2009 a inclus 6 507 couples ayant débuté un programme de FIV en 2000-2002 dans l'un des 8 centres de FIV participant à l'étude. Les données médicales des couples et leur parcours dans le centre ont été obtenus à partir des dossiers médicaux des centres de FIV pour tous les couples. L'information sur le devenir des couples après le départ du centre a été obtenue par questionnaire postal auprès des couples en 2008-2009 (38% de participation 7 à 9 ans après l'initiation des FIV). L'étude des facteurs associés à la participation à l'enquête postale suggérait que la fréquence de réalisation du projet parental estimée sur les répondants seulement pourrait être biaisée. Les différentes méthodes mises en œuvre pour corriger la non réponse (pondération, imputation multiple) n'ont pas modifié l'estimation de la fréquence de réalisation du projet parental. Au total, 7 à 9 ans après l'initiation des FIV, 60% des couples ont réalisé leur projet parental de façon biologique, suite à un traitement ou suite à une conception naturelle. Lorsque les adoptions sont aussi prises en compte, 71% des couples ont réalisé leur projet parental. Après l'échec d'une première tentative de FIV, un couple sur 4 (26%) a interrompu les FIV dans le centre d'inclusion. Globalement, les couples avec de mauvais facteurs pronostiques ont un plus grand risque d'interrompre les FIV. Cependant, la proportion plus importante d'interruption parmi les couples avec une origine inexpliquée de l'infécondité pourrait s'expliquer par la survenue plus fréquente de naissance naturelle dans ce sous-groupe de couples. Parmi les couples n'ayant pas eu d'enfant suite aux traitements, 24% ont ensuite conçu naturellement en médiane 28 mois après l'initiation des FIV. Parmi les couples ayant eu un enfant suite aux traitements, 17% ont ensuite conçu naturellement en médiane 33 mois après la naissance de l'enfant conçu par AMP. Les facteurs associés aux naissances naturelles sont des indicateurs d'un meilleur pronostic de fertilité, particulièrement chez les couples sans enfant AMP.L'enquête DAIFI-2009 a permis d'apporter des informations sur le parcours à long terme des couples traités par FIV qui n'avait jusqu'à présent été que peu étudié, souvent sur de faibles effectifs et avec un suivi plus court. Ces résultats doivent apporter de l'espoir aux couples inféconds, puisque la majorité d'entre eux ont finalement réalisé leur projet parental, même si cela peut prendre de nombreuses années.

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43

Weiss, Lennart. "In Wien kann man zwar nicht leben, aber anders wo kann man nicht l e b e n : Kontinuität und Veränderung bei Raoul Auernheimer". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tyska, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-110097.

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This thesis deals with the nowadays largely unknown Austrian author Raoul Auernheimer (1876-1948). It is an attempt at a presentation of his life and work, the main part dealing with four of his works, the play Talent (1900), the long story Laurenz Hallers Praterfahrt (1913), the novel Das Kapital (1923) and the autobiographical report Die Zeit im Lager (1939). My purpose is to investigate to what extent his works reflect time, Auernheimers life and the city of Vienna. An introductory chapter on life and work deals with the most important events in his life. It is clear, that he was one of the major personalities in the field of culture in Vienna before and after World War I and an outstanding intellectual who stood for democratic values. When he was 61 the Nazis forced him to leave Austria, after first having put him into the concentration camp Dachau for five months. He was then in exile in the USA where, in spite of a heart condition, he lived on for nine more years. A section on secondary literature and an almost complete catalogue of his works show their versatility, scope and scale. In this context, his significant role as a drama critic, journalist and essayist becomes evident. The city of Vienna is a central theme in the four works I examined and each date of origin (1900, 1913, 1923, 1939) is significant for the work itself. Work and date indicate radical changes in his literary production and constitute a step in the direction of becoming a person who thinks politically. However these changes meant very little to his literary style, which shows continuity. In his works he basically remains a Feuilletonist and playwright. More and more Auernheimer shows his solidarity with the vulnerable groups of society. This is conveyed indirectly, virtually through ‘participating observation‘. By each time describing conditions accurately and exactly, he criticizes current deficiencies. Concerning language it is apparent, that irony is important to his style. Since he views his world critically, he uses it to make social conditions clear. The style of the Feuilleton, in which linguistic brilliance and harmony of text are important components, is characteristic of this author. It is the style of the journalist and critic. Keywords: Raoul Auernheimer, continuity, change, life, work, journalist, critic, Talent, Laurenz Hallers Praterfahrt, Das Kapital, Die Zeit im Lager, time influence, social conditions, participating observation, criticism of current deficiencies, city of Vienna, style of the Feuilleton, irony Lennart Weiss, Department of Modern Languages, Box 636, Uppsala University, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden © Lennart Weiss 2010

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44

Eriksson, Kristina. "Elever i särskilda utbildningsbehov och problemlösning. : En studie av elevers upplevelse och deltagande vid problemlösning i grupp". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik (MA), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58218.

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Denna studie undersöker hur elever i Särskilda Utbildningsbehov i Matematik (SUM) upplever problemlösning i grupp i matematik samt hur de agerar i praktiken vid sådana tillfällen. Med fördjupad kunskap kring ämnet är ambitionen att på ett gynnsamt sätt organisera den specialpedagogiska undervisningen så att SUM-elever blir delaktiga vid problemlösningssituationer i den ordinarie undervisningen. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där observationer och intervjuer med tre SUM-elever från år 3 har genomförts. Till grund för analysen har studiens teoretiska begrepp kommunikation och delaktighet funnits. Resultatet visar att eleverna upplever att de är delaktiga i gruppen och att de alla på något sätt är aktiva i arbetet med uppgiften. Ett inkluderande förhållningssätt visade sig spela roll för hur eleverna valde att delta och kommunicera i respektive grupper. Vid observationerna blev det synligt att inkludering ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv är viktigt för att få eleverna att känna att de klarar av uppgiften samt att de kan bidra med något i gruppen. Dock blir det tydligt i vissa fall att det i kommunikationen eleverna emellan används tillvägagångssätt som är inövade utan förståelse vilket leder till att de inte har någon kontroll över arbetet att lösa uppgiften. Några elever framför samtidigt i intervjuerna hur deras låga tilltro till sin egna matematiska förmåga kring att lösa problem gör att de hellre arbetar i grupp.
This study examines students in Special needs Education in Mathematics (SEM) experience of problem solving in groups in mathematics. The studie also investigates how the students act in practice in problem solving situations. The overall aim of the study is to reach in-depth knowledge about the subject which would be a good help in organizing the special education work with SEM-pupils and problem solving in a successful way. The study has a qualitative approach, where observations and interviews with three SEM pupils from lower primary school (grade 3) in Sweden has formed the empirical material in the study. The theoretical concepts communication and participation are the foundation of analysis. The result show that an inclusive approach seems to be important in how the pupils chose to communicate and participate, meaning that the students in SEM are in mixed ability groups when working with problem solving. The pupils experienced that they participated in the groups and all of them were at some degree active in the problem solving task and they expressed that they liked problem solving. The didactic perspective is very important to make pupils feel that they are up to the task and that they can contribute to the group. However, it`s clear in some of the cases that problem solving is practiced with strategies but without understanding. Some of the pupils talks about their bad confidence in their mathematical ability and therefore they prefer working with problem solving in groups.

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45

Montgomery, Jefferson D. "Situated observation and participation in multiple-agent systems". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14611.

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A situated agent is not only embedded within its environmental system, but forms an integral and active component of the system as a whole. Accordingly, there are numerous requirements that a situated agent must meet including synchronization with and responsiveness to the system dynamics as well as appropriate and proactive operation — a non-trivial challenge made difficult primarily due to varying environment states and dynamics, difficult tasks with ambitious requirements, and noisy or ambiguous sensory and background information. This thesis addresses these issues by introducing an agent architecture with an interruptible and modular design capable of producing quality-varying solutions based on constraints. The architecture adaptively schedules deliberation processes which enables the agent to evolve its action with the natural frequency of the environment's dynamics. Resource-bounded deliberation is attained by attributing intentions to the agent, posed in the form of constraints, that influence its action. The thesis demonstrates how these constraints can be designed to achieve complex behaviours. Further, it shows that abstraction of behaviours based on a theory of intentionality provides a comfortable and tractable model not only for behaviour generation but also for behaviour recognition. The theory of intentionality is transcribed into a dynamic, probabilistic model that describes multiple, intentional agents and their environment. It is shown how the properties of intentionality, so transcribed, produce a computationally attractive model that allows real-time approximate inference. Ultimately, a novel agent is introduced for the particular multiple-agent domain of robot soccer. The agent is implemented and tested to study the reactivity of the architecture, accuracy of the environmental modelling, and effectiveness of its deliberation.

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46

Pai, Tsun-Yu, e 白尊宇. "The Social Implication of Lay Participation─An Observation on the Lay Participation Trial Act". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98592696624028682385.

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47

Radermacher, Harriet. "Participatory action research with people with disabilities exploring experiences of participation /". 2006. http://wallaby.vu.edu.au/adt-VVUT/public/adt-VVUT20060904.160428/index.html.

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48

Jennings, Jess R., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e School of Environment and Agriculture. "On the effectiveness of participatory research in agriculture". 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/16610.

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This thesis examines the effectiveness of participatory research processes as a form of agricultural extension within the Australian Dairy Industry, and specifically addresses the question : Does Action Research provide an effective methodology and method(s) for enacting farmer-driven research? The experiences of the Dairy Australian-funded Profitable Pastures Protection Project (PPP), delivered to farmers across New South Wales from 1999 to 2003, provided the context within which Action Research was assessed. Data were derived from journal records of the researcher’s personal experiences as a participant observer, a PhD candidate and project coordinator. The other main data sources were industry reports that tracked the progress, outputs and outcomes of PPP. A three-tiered research framework, consisting of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary levels was devised as a basis to direct research, and interpret results. Conclusions are drawn that contemporary extension practice can be improved by better linking the on-and off-farm domains using participatory research processes such as Action Research. Meeting this challenge appears increasingly urgent in light of a globally relevant and strengthening off-farm environmental agenda that requires democratic engagement amongst greater numbers of agricultural stakeholders. This environmental agenda also places still greater demands on farmers, their management systems and the products and effects of the on-farm domain.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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49

CHIEN, YI-TING, e 錢怡婷. "Pattern Changes of the Chinese State-Owned Commercial Bank After Participation of the WTO:A Comparative Observation". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91718169006936199341.

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碩士
中國文化大學
中國大陸研究所
93
This study focus on reforms of the Chinese state-owned commercial bank system after joining WTO, using a comparative observation. The system and development of the national banking industry has an extremely deep influence on the entire national economic activity. The banking industry of Mainland China received national policy intervention in the past. It faced the market economy reforming process under national economic planning strategies. It faced the market economy reforming process in the plan economy. The government does not control the commercial bank role. From being completely involved, the government will slowly attenuate in the commercial bank transport business. The government’s intervention still exists currently, but in the future, the commercial bank will advance into an independent managed sector of the economy. China should adjusted to regulation of WTO, and provide appropriate protection. Government should make the best of this opportunity for banking reforms, and raise its level of international competition.

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50

Jennings, Jess R. "On the effectiveness of participatory research in agriculture". Thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/16610.

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This thesis examines the effectiveness of participatory research processes as a form of agricultural extension within the Australian Dairy Industry, and specifically addresses the question : Does Action Research provide an effective methodology and method(s) for enacting farmer-driven research? The experiences of the Dairy Australian-funded Profitable Pastures Protection Project (PPP), delivered to farmers across New South Wales from 1999 to 2003, provided the context within which Action Research was assessed. Data were derived from journal records of the researcher’s personal experiences as a participant observer, a PhD candidate and project coordinator. The other main data sources were industry reports that tracked the progress, outputs and outcomes of PPP. A three-tiered research framework, consisting of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary levels was devised as a basis to direct research, and interpret results. Conclusions are drawn that contemporary extension practice can be improved by better linking the on-and off-farm domains using participatory research processes such as Action Research. Meeting this challenge appears increasingly urgent in light of a globally relevant and strengthening off-farm environmental agenda that requires democratic engagement amongst greater numbers of agricultural stakeholders. This environmental agenda also places still greater demands on farmers, their management systems and the products and effects of the on-farm domain.

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