Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

1

Coly, Ismaila, Tahirou Charles Diatta, Daouda Ngom, Aliou Badji e Omar Gueye. "Caractéristiques de la flore et de la végétation ligneuses des parcs agroforestiers de l’arrondissement de Tendouck (Basse Casamance, Sénégal)". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n. 5 (14 settembre 2020): 1558–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.6.

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L’agriculture occupe une place très importante dans l’arrondissement de Tendouck. Pour augmenter leurs rendements, les agriculteurs laissent délibérément dans leurs champs certaines espèces ligneuses. Cette étude a pour objectif général de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques des parcs agroforestiers du département de Bignona. Pour ce faire, une placette de 2500 m² (50 mx50 m) a été installée dans les champs de chaque agriculteur retenu dans un échantillon de 98 agriculteurs. Cet échantillon est réparti entre les différentes communes de l’arrondissement au prorata de leur poids démographique soit 16 ; 21 ; 22 ; 30 et 9 placettes respectivement dans les communes de Balinghore, Diégoune, Kartiack, Mangagoulack et Mlomp. La flore dans l’arrondissement de Tendouck est riche de 53 espèces réparties en 45 genres relevant de 20 familles botaniques. Au niveau de l'arrondissement de Tendouck la densité des arbres des parcs agroforestiers est de 42 pieds/ha, la surface terrière de 3,21 m²/ha et le taux de recouvrement de 18,82%. Ces parcs sont très diversifiés avec un indice de Shannon de 3,91 et un indice de Pielou de 0,79. Le taux de régénération y est très important (88,19%). La structure par classes de hauteur du peuplement ligneux des parcs agroforestiers révèle une prédominance des jeunes individus avec 24,73% des individus appartenant à la classe de hauteur [2-4 m]. La classe de diamètre la plus représentée est [5-20 cm] avec 42, 99% des individus. Ces résultats constituent une base pour une gestion rationnelle et durable de ces écosystèmes en vue de permettre aux agriculteurs de mieux tirer profit de leurs services dans l’arrondissement de Tendouck. Il apparait ainsi judicieux de poursuivre cette étude dans les autres départements de la Basse Casamance en vue de disposer d’une base de données des parcs agroforestiers de cette zone éco géographique.Mots clés: Champs, composition floristique, structure, agriculteurs, caractéristiques structurales English title: Characteristics of the woody flora and vegetation in the agroforestry parks of the Tendouck district (Lower Casamance, Senegal)Agriculture occupies a very important place in the district of Tendouck. In order to increase their yields, farmers deliberately leave certain woody species in their fields. The general objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the characteristics of agroforestry parks in the Bignona district. To this end, a 2500 m² (50 mx50 m) plot was installed in the fields of each farmer selected from a sample of 98 farmers. This sample is distributed among the different communes of the district in proportion to their demographic weight, therefore 16; 21; 22; 30 and 9 plots respectively in the communes of Balinghore, Diégoune, Kartiack, Mangagoulack and Mlomp. The flora in the district of Tendouck is rich of 53 species divided into 45 genera belonging to 20 botanical families. At the level of Tendouck district, the density of trees in agroforestry parks is 41.55 trees/ha, the basal area of 3.21 m²/ha and the rate of covering of 18.82%. These parks are very diversified with a Shannon index of 3.91 and a Pielou index of 0.79. The regeneration rate is very high (88.19%). The height class structure of the woody stand in the agroforestry parks reveals a predominance of young individuals with 24.73% of the individuals belonging to the height class [2-4 m]. The most represented diameter class is [5-20 cm] with 42.99% of the individuals. These results provide a basis for rational and sustainable management of these ecosystems with a view to improving the living conditions of farmers in the Tendouck district. It therefore seems advisable to continue this study in the other departments of Lower Casamance in order to have a data of the agroforestry parks of this eco-geographical area.Keywords: Fields, floristic composition, structure, farmers, structural features
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Spagnoli, Luisa, e Luigi Mundula. "Between Urban and Rural: Is Agricultural Parks a Governance Tool for Developing Tourism in the Periurban Areas? Reflections on Two Italian Cases". Sustainability 13, n. 14 (20 luglio 2021): 8108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148108.

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The new demand for rurality raises new issues: it is no longer a question of sustaining a traditional agricultural model based exclusively on productivity and profit maximisation, but rather agriculture strongly oriented towards the production of non-commodity outputs that very often have the characteristics of externalities or public goods. Based on these assumptions, the paper intends to frame the role of multifunctional agriculture for the development of peri-urban areas looking in particular to the agricultural parks phenomenon, in which innovative and multifunctional agriculture is practiced (with environmental, landscape, and social functions), to asses if they can represent a strategic resource for the tourist enhancement of territories on the edge of urban and rural areas. With this perspective, two Italian case studies, Parco agricolo di Ciaculli (Palermo and Parco agricolo Sud Milano (Milano), have been analyzed highlighting their main characteristics and under which conditions they can play the role of tourism development driver.
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Straka, Thomas J., Richard L. Ridgway, Robert H. Tichenor, Roy L. Hedden e Joel A. King. "Cost Analysis of a Specialized Gypsy Moth Management Program for Suburban Parks". Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 14, n. 1 (1 marzo 1997): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/14.1.32.

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Abstract The development of efficient and improved management programs for the gypsy moth requires detailed data on the benefits and costs of various treatment alternatives and program options. The objective of this study was to provide a cost analysis of a specialized gypsy moth management program for suburban parks. Cost data from the Maryland Department of Agriculture were used to perform a cost analysis of a hypothetical suburban park situation. The egg mass survey was assigned a cost of $24.68 per point. Most of the nonsurvey costs can be attributed to application (44% or $26.93/ha). Treatment material was the least costly component at 15% of total nonsurvey cost ($8.95/ha). Support and overhead accounted for the remaining 41% ($25.24/ha). The hypothetical suburban park would incur $2,158 in survey costs and $40,473 in application costs (roughly one-third from second applications). On the average, a suburban park had treatment costs of $42.85/ha (total park area, treated and untreated). North. J. Appl. For. 14(21):32-39.
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Hong, In-Kyoung, Young-Bin Jung, Hyung Kwon Yun e Sang-Mi Lee. "Derivation of Necessary Items for Implementation of Gardens in Urban Agricultural Parks". Journal of People, Plants, and Environment 24, n. 4 (31 agosto 2021): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2021.24.4.329.

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Background and objective This study was conducted to obtain empirical data for deriving necessary items for the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks while maintaining the publicness of the place by examining the difference in perception among park visitors about the gardens in the public parks. Methods A survey was conducted on users of urban agricultural parks in 6 locations and 113 copies of the questionnaire were collected. After understanding the demographic characteristics and the current use of the garden, we identified the importance of the necessary items for the public gardens. Results 108 subjects(95.6%) responded that gardens are needed in urban parks, for psychological and emotional health (26.2%) and for interaction and friendship with family and neighbors(23.2%). For use of garden crops, most were private sales(96 subjects, 64.4%), and both sales preferred to partially donate their crops. Most used communal gardens operated by public institutions(30.1%). It was found that 96.4% of the respondents were satisfied with gardening activities, and 107(94.7%) of them showed their intention to participate in the gardening in the future. The Kaiser Meyer Olkin value was .848 and the significance level was .001, proving the validity of factor analysis. The factors were named composition elements(Factor 1), management items(Factor 2), convenience elements(Factor 3), and operational facilities(Factor 4). In the survey on the creation and management of gardens in urban agricultural parks, there were no statistically significant differences, but all items had correlations. Conclusion The results have reflected the needs of actual users in establishing the plans to operate urban gardens, thereby having great utility value as the basic data for continuous garden management. Further research can be conducted to derive detailed elements that can guarantee sustainability of urban gardens and suggest high-quality data for management of gardens in urban agricultural parks.
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GADD, MICHELLE E. "Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya". Environmental Conservation 32, n. 1 (marzo 2005): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905001918.

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Conflict between wildlife and people can erode local support for conservation. Wildlife-based benefits are intended to offset costs and encourage tolerance or stewardship, but where the linkage between benefits and wildlife is not understood, benefits may be ineffective at bolstering conservation. In Laikipia, Kenya, wildlife and areas devoted to wildlife are on the increase, but most residents still suffer losses to wildlife and derive minimal benefits. The elephant situation is particularly problematic because elephants may compete with livestock for resources, raid people's crops, and chase and kill livestock and people. Although most unprotected elephant range in East Africa is in semi-arid rangelands occupied by pastoralists, previous research has emphasized agricultural, not pastoral or agri-pastoral conflicts. Between 1999 and 2002, interviews were conducted in Laikipia District to examine whether pastoralists also experience conflict, and to determine whether wildlife conservation provided appreciable benefits to residents, or fostered pro-conservation attitudes among residents. Three properties, Endana, Koija and Mpala, were selected to include the two primary land uses in Laikipia (livestock and agriculture) and two levels of wildlife-based benefits (indirect benefits and direct benefits from a locally-owned tourism operation). People were negative about many aspects of local wildlife conservation, especially animals that raided crops or were dangerous. Fundamental differences in attitudes were attributable to primary land use; within ethnic groups, people practising agriculture were less tolerant of elephants than people practising pastoralism. Despite evidence that elephants may compete with livestock for forage, ecological competition was not a primary concern among cattle-keeping people. In communities that received indirect benefits from tourism or wildlife, the connection between wildlife and employment or aid in kind was usually overlooked. Unlike elsewhere in Africa, education and wealth did not correlate with positive attitudes towards wildlife because the tourism programme was improving the situation and the outlook of people lacking education and material wealth. Pastoral people with indirect financial benefits expressed positive attitudes towards elephants for aesthetic reasons, while pastoral people with direct benefits cited financial rewards derived from tourism but attributed aesthetic values to living with elephants. The programme in the pastoral community receiving benefits was exemplary in that benefits were tangible, and the participants appreciated the linkage between benefits and active conservation. Land conversion from pastoralism to agriculture threatens elephant survival, not only in terms of habitat loss, but also in terms of lost tolerance among people who have shifted to farming.
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Negru, Ciprian, Isabel Domínguez Gaibor, Aureliu-Florin Hălălișan e Bogdan Popa. "Management Effectiveness Assessment for Ecuador’s National Parks". Diversity 12, n. 12 (18 dicembre 2020): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120487.

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Ecuador belongs to the group of 17 megadiverse countries on the planet, and the Ecuadorian national system of protected areas covers around 20% of the country’s territory. Despite some initiatives for protected areas management effectiveness evaluation, the information on this matter is scarce and a general overview is missing. In this context, this study aims at investigating problems faced by National Parks in Ecuador and developing a base level management effectiveness evaluation for possible comparative assessments in the future. Focusing on all 12 legally established National Parks, this study used the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT), an internationally consecrated methodology based on a scorecard questionnaire that includes six elements of management cycle: context, planning, inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. The questionnaire was applied to Ecuadorian National Parks management teams through face-to-face interviews. The resulted overall management effectiveness indices are between 40.6% and 99.0%. The general condition of biodiversity value was considered as good in line with the legal status and National Parks design but topics related to budget allocation, tourism arrangements, communities and indigenous people received lower scores. The low enforcement emphasis is not necessarily the best way to improve management effectiveness; the identified issues should be addressed by including communities and indigenous people in the decision making and benefits sharing as well as strategic allocation of budgetary resources, with proper adaptation to Natural Parks’ specific conditions.
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Strunk, Christopher, e Ursula Lang. "Gardening as More than Urban Agriculture: Perspectives from Smaller Midwestern Cities on Urban Gardening Policies and Practices". Case Studies in the Environment 3, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001545.

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For the most part, research and policymaking on urban gardening have focused on community gardens, whether in parks, vacant lots, or other public land. This emphasis, while important for many Midwestern cities, can obscure the significance of privately owned land such as front yard and back yard and their crucial connections with gardening on public land. In this case study, we examine how policies and practices related to gardening and the management of green space in two Midwestern cities exceed narrow visions of urban agriculture. The article explores the cultivation of vacant lot gardens and private yards as two modes of property in similar Midwestern contexts and argues that the management of green space is about more than urban agriculture. Instead, we show how urban gardening occurs across public/private property distinctions and involves a broader set of actors than those typically included in sustainability policies. Gardening also provides a key set of connections through which neighbors understand and practice sustainability in Midwestern cities.
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McPherson, Malcolm F. "Land Policy in Vietnam". Journal of Macromarketing 32, n. 1 (20 novembre 2011): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146711427447.

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Land policy is crucial to Vietnam’s socioeconomic development. Yet, land policy in Vietnam often is short-sighted, resulting in inequities and a form of commons tragedy. In this essay, the author reviews the evolving land policy in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, pointing out inconsistencies and shortcomings. The essay concludes with recommendations to improve policy and the long-term well-being of Vietnam and its people; specifically, several events should occur for Vietnam to achieve middle-income status by 2020, as the government of Vietnam intends. Rapid industrialization and modernization should continue; land currently used for agriculture (particularly rice) need to be converted to industrial parks; residential areas, and infrastructure; and all land should be used in ways that yields the highest social returns. Public investment should help boost agricultural (and land) productivity; and environmental (and land) management should ensure that the institutions and incentives support environmental sustainability.
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Osathanunkul, Maslin, Nipitpong Sawongta, Wittaya Pheera, Nikolaos Pechlivanis, Fotis Psomopoulos e Panagiotis Madesis. "Exploring plant diversity through soil DNA in Thai national parks for influencing land reform and agriculture planning". PeerJ 9 (2 agosto 2021): e11753. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11753.

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Background The severe deforestation, as indicated in national forest data, is a recurring problem in many areas of Northern Thailand, including Doi Suthep-Pui National Park. Agricultural expansion in these areas, is one of the major drivers of deforestation, having adverse consequences on local plant biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity is mainly dependent on the biological monitoring of species distribution and population sizes. However, the existing conventional approaches for monitoring biodiversity are rather limited. Methods Here, we explored soil DNA at four forest types in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park in Northern Thailand. Three soil samples, composed of different soil cores mixed together, per sampling location were collected. Soil biodiversity was investigated through eDNA metabarcoding analysis using primers targeting the P6 loop of the plastid DNA trnL (UAA) intron. Results The distribution of taxa for each sample was found to be similar between replicates. A strong congruence between the conventional morphology- and eDNA-based data of plant diversity in the studied areas was observed. All species recorded by conventional survey with DNA data deposited in the GenBank were detected through the eDNA analysis. Moreover, traces of crops, such as lettuce, maize, wheat and soybean, which were not expected and were not visually detected in the forest area, were identified. It is noteworthy that neighboring land and areas in the studied National Park were once used for crop cultivation, and even to date there is still agricultural land within a 5–10 km radius from the forest sites where the soil samples were collected. The presence of cultivated area near the forest may suggest that we are now facing agricultural intensification leading to deforestation. Land reform for agriculture usage necessitates coordinated planning in order to preserve the forest area. In that context, the eDNA-based data would be useful for influencing policies and management towards this goal.
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Ridgway, R. L., K. W. Thorpe, R. E. Webb e L. Venables. "Gypsy Moth Management in Suburban Parks: Program Evaluation2". Journal of Entomological Science 29, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1994): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.4.557.

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A specialized gypsy moth management program for urban parks was implemented in six state and county parks and the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) in Maryland in 1990 and 1991. Decisions to treat with aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (one or two applications) or diflubenzuron or to not treat were based on gypsy moth egg mass density, egg mass size, percentage of susceptible host trees, amount of previous defoliation, and the potential non-target effects of diflubenzuron. A total of 1025 and 1926 ha in the management program was treated with one and two applications of B. thuringiensis, respectively, and 1204 ha were left untreated. One block of 47 ha was treated with diflubenzuron. Larval mortality as a result of the treatments averaged 76 and 83% in areas treated with one and two applications of B. thuringiensis, respectively, and 87% in the area treated with diflubenzuron. Some noticeable defoliation occurred under all treatments. The greatest amount of defoliation (29% of total area) occurred in a management unit with an average initial egg mass density of 49,250/ha that was treated twice with B. thuringiensis. Comparisons with adjacent areas not included in the management program indicated that even when defoliation did occur, it was reduced both in severity and extent by the treatments. This evaluation of the gypsy moth management program that was developed to provide a high level of foliage protection in suburban parks indicated that a number of improvements can be made in the program. However, without more efficacious intervention tactics, the goal of preventing noticeable defoliation in any part of a management unit may not be achievable solely with biological agents where extremely high gypsy moth population densities are present.
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Tesi sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

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Neuman, Michael John 1964. "Packstock hoofprint depth and soil strength relationships in wet meadow soils of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278574.

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Penetrometer soil strength and the depth of packstock hoofprints were studied in two subalpine meadows in an attempt to develop a method for determining the seasonal readiness of wilderness meadows for packstock grazing at Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Soil and vegetation parameters (bulk density, water content, percent gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter, above-ground biomass, and below-ground biomass in two diameter size classes) were also studied in order to understand their influence on soil strength and hoofprint depth. Of the four penetrometer tip sizes tested on a Lang penetrometer, a 9/16" diameter tip was found to be a good predictor of hoofprint depth. Both 9/16" soil strength and hoofprint depth were well predicted by soil water content and meadow vegetation type.
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Roadman, Adrian Argie. "Ringtail distribution, dermatoglyphics, and diet in Zion National Park, Utah". Thesis, Utah State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1584442.

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Current scientific knowledge of the ringtail (Bassariscus astutus ) is limited, thus impeding appropriate management decisions. Ringtails in Zion National Park, Utah, are rarely seen, but are involved in increasing occurrences of negative interactions with park visitors and employees such as food theft and denning in buildings, interactions which are harmful to both parties. To manage this conflict, an update to the general knowledge about the status of the population is required as the only previous study on ringtails in this area was conducted in the 1960s. Using noninvasive techniques provides dependable large-scale population information. I used two noninvasive detection methods in combination to establish a robust occupancy estimate of the ringtail population in Zion National Park. Ringtails were detected in 2 of 3 focus areas in the park, but at low densities. This study included the development of a novel method to individually identify ringtails by their footprints. I used the Interactive Individual Identification System (I3S) software to determine if individuals could be identified using the pattern formed by papillae and ridges of the footpad. Ringtails' footpad prints consistently resulted in a unique pattern recognizable by simple visual analysis and a computer-aided analysis of the prints in a database; however more research is needed for the applicability using field data. Ringtail densities were highest in the areas of greatest human activity. The proximity to humans may be impacting ringtail diet and consequently their health. I collected scat in areas of high and low human use to quantify the change in diet resulting from food acquired around human establishments. Ringtails living in areas of high human activity exhibited a change in diet, including the presence of human trash such as foil and plastic; this has implications for ringtail health and human safety. Ringtails acquiring food from human sources may increase their activities around buildings and areas with high human activity, resulting in an increased chance of direct and indirect human-ringtail interactions. Active management of human activities and regular building maintenance is required in the future to decrease negative consequences of ringtail use and presence in areas of high human activity.

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Cho, Kye Joong. "Developing an interpretive planning model for a national park a stakeholder-Based needs assessment study for Korea /". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1111776993.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 386 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 312-322). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Quan, Truong Tan. "Transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in Quang Binh Province, Vietnam". Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1557.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate how farmers in Quang Bing Province, Vietnam have been making the transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. This process began in 1986 when the Vietnam economy changed from central planning to a market orientation. The research strategy was based on case study analysis of two communes in each of three agro-ecological zones, defined as coastal, plains and mountains. Within each commune there were six embedded household case studies, i.e 36 in total. Case studies were selected purposively to capture diversity of agro-ecological zones, market access and communications, wealth and income status, and ethnic communities. Households were interviewed twice; first in either late 2006 or early 2007, and again in late 2008. The study was approached using a constructivist paradigm and a lens of livelihood analysis, focusing on resources, institutions, interventions and the dynamics of change. Particular attention was given to the development of markets (inputs, outputs, land, labour and credit) and supply chain factors. Separate measures of commercialisation were constructed based on outputs and inputs, and at the level of both individual activities and the overall household. Investigations were informed by existing theory, but no hypotheses were tested. Instead, the research focused on emergent patterns and insights, and the enrichment and modification of existing theory. A review of literature indicated that the transition from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in Vietnam was different from other countries on account of the specific combination of low technology agriculture, typical of much of developing Asia, combined with the transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market orientation as occurred in Central and Eastern European countries. At commune level, the key determinants of commercialisation were strong physical connections to markets, with good road access being paramount. Once all weather road access for motorised vehicles was available, then rapid commercialisation occurred. Supply chains typically developed faster for outputs than inputs. New technologies that increased the yield of basic food crops, and facilitated by Government and NGO programs, led to the release of land resources no longer required for meeting food security needs. Households retained their production of food crops that provided food security, and added additional cash earning activities. At the level of individual households, the commercialisation process was led by entrepreneurial families who perceived opportunities relating to profitable activities, and combined this with hard work. Often these opportunities were linked to what they had observed or learnt elsewhere. Once first movers took up a new technology, others observed and followed. There were many enabling factors, such as access to land, access to capital, and access to credit. However, none of these could be considered a determinant, in that the absence of any one factor did not by itself preclude successful commercialisation. Absence of an active male worker was a major constraint to commercialisation, as was lack of necessary crop and livestock skills. There was evidence that income disparities were increasing between the wealthy and the poor. Output commerciality across all households averaged 88 % in 2008 and was higher for wealthy households (95 %) than poor households (83 %). All households still produced their own food crops, but these crops had low market values and hence had a low impact on the output commerciality index. Output commerciality measured in percentage terms obscured that wealthy families had net incomes almost 13 times greater than poor households. A major theoretical insight was that key commercialisation factors are multiple and context dependent. Accordingly, there is a need in any investigation for a holistic approach, based on a livelihood framework that incorporates the complexities associated with the development of markets, as well as giving consideration to the range of interventions and institutional policies that impact on livelihood development.
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Bennett, Michael Robert. "Perceptions of sustainability of dairy support land farmers : a case study investigation". Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1219.

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This project investigated the business, environmental and social sustainability of dairy farms that include dairy support land. Seventeen farmers were interviewed using Yin’s case study method (Yin, 2003). The interviewees were selected from a list provided during a series of focus groups done with rural professionals prior to continuing with the main body of the research. Those interviewed saw that the primary role of dairy support land is to protect the dairy farm from external factors. Dairy farms are vulnerable to externalities due to high fixed costs and the relationship between cow condition and milk production. The ability of dairy support land to manage externalities relates to quantity of feed grown, therefore feed grown is perceived as the most appropriate measure of performance. For dairy support land to be sustainable, it must be well resourced. On a fully resourced DSL unit, there will be time to plan and carry out essential tasks and environmentally important developments such as riparian fences and stockwater systems are likely to be in place. If the dairy support land unit is not fully resourced it will become a liability to the overall system as the supply of feed becomes unreliable, cows calve in poor condition and dairy farm staff and management are overextended. Poorly resourced dairy support land is also unlikely to have environmentally friendly developments in place. The case studies also demonstrated that the fundamentals of sustainability and practice remain constant across a variety of soil and climatic conditions in Canterbury and Southland.
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Bell, Angela Maureen. "Councils' use of the RMA and LGA in coastal development decisions : towards sustainability : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environment Planning at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1346.

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The Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) gave councils a mandate and an obligation to promote sustainability. Along with this it also introduced an expectation that the environment will be better managed than previously. Evidence shows that the environment is continuing to be degraded. This is especially evident in the coastal environment where in the early 2000s there has been unprecedented development pressure. The addition of the Local Government Act in 2002 (LGA) has strengthened councils’ sustainability mandate by stipulating a sustainable development approach and supporting processes and principles. Because the RMA and LGA have a similar sustainability directive there has been a push to utilise the compatible strengths that the LGA offers to enhance the outcomes achieved through RMA decisions, therefore, integrating and aligning the LGA and RMA. This research used case studies, including interviews, to examine how councils use their RMA and LGA mandates in coastal development decisions. The research found that currently there is little integration of the LGA’s requirements and sustainability direction in RMA coastal subdivision decisions. The case study analysis showed that using the principles and processes in the LGA and also a council’s policies, strategies, and plans other than RMA documents would provide up to date policy direction and contextual information that would be useful for RMA decisions and could provide a more sustainable outcome if used. The case studies identified a significant number of barriers to achieving sustainability through the RMA, including that much of the policy direction in RMA planning documents is not considered in deliberations. A number of these barriers are also likely to reduce attempts to integrate and align the LGA and RMA, unless they are addressed.
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Patterson, R. G. "A study of the soils and agronomy of a high country catchment". Lincoln University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1315.

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This study was undertaken to research the principles and practices behind increased pasture productivity on Longslip Station, Omarama. A range of landscape - soil - climate - plant systems were identified, then analysed and the legume responses measured. By isolating cause and effect and appreciating the driving variables of each system, lessons learnt could be reliably and objectively transferred to the rest of the farm. Extrapolation to the balance of the property (15,150 ha) permitted immediate large-scale development and engendered confidence to lending institutions, Lands Department, catchment authorities and ourselves. Soil (land) cannot be well managed and conserved unless it is mapped reliably and its characteristics measured and interpreted by skilled observers (Cutler, 1977). Soil resource surveys, and their interpretation, are an essential ingredient of rational resource evaluation and planning. This thesis is a figurative and comparative survey and study of the soil catenary bodies, resident vegetation, legume establishment and pasture production characteristics of a 400 hectare catchment, in relation to, and as influenced by soil landscape unit, slope component, altitude, aspect and time. The inherent diversity in landform, soil properties and vegetation communities in a single catchment in the high country has not previously been fully studied or appreciated. This has lead to blanket recommendations for fertilizer, seed and management regimes both within and between properties and even regions. This study reports on the diversity of, yet predictable change in soil properties with slope position (upper, middle and lower) aspect and altitude in terms of both soil physical properties e.g. soil depth and water holding capacity and soil chemical properties such as pH, BS%, %P, %S, %N and %C. The composition of the resident vegetation and its differential response to oversowing and topdressing and subsequent change through time is reported and discussed. Finally an epilogue gives an insight into the problems and frustrations of farming practices in the high country from a motivation and personal perspective and political point of view that it is essential to come to terms with.
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Jimenez-Castro, Claudia. "Management of a marine protected area by a local NGO in Honduras: its implications for local communities". Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1237.

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This study explores the factors that influence the management of a protected area situated on private land as well as the implications of these factors in the interaction between the NGO and the communities associated with this area. The protected area, Marine National Monument Cayos Cochinos, is an archipelago surrounded by reefs in the Honduran Caribbean. This area is home to a highly heterogeneous population of fisherfolk communities –most are members of the Garifuna ethnic group– and wealthy Honduran and foreign landowners. This case study also comprises three fisherfolk communities outside the protected area who fish in Cayos Cochinos. Local fishermen in Cayos Cochinos are settled in community-owned areas; however, these settlements started by the occupation of private lands. Wealthy landowners have either individual land titles or shares of a firm owning four of the islands. The protected area was established through the initiative of this firm to protect the natural resources. This area is nominally co-managed by a local nongovernmental organisation (NGO) and two government agencies; however in practice it is managed solely by the NGO. This study discusses the influence of the nature of the Honduran legislation regarding protected areas and of the co-management agreement on the management of Cayos Cochinos. This research also shows that the management priorities of this protected area are only partially based on the Honduran government’s laws and regulations and the guidelines specific for this area. Lack of government participation in the co-management of the area, financial constraints, influences on the NGO of stakeholders in higher positions of power with respect to it, personal preferences of the NGO managers and issues regarding the communities’ leadership, have all had an influence on the management priorities of the protected area since its constitution. The combined effect of these factors has influenced the management of the NGO towards prioritising the natural resource conservation. This area is managed under a ‘people-out’ conservation paradigm. The adoption of this paradigm has disadvantaged the fisherfolk communities inside and outside the protected area by restricting their access to the natural resources on which their livelihoods are highly dependent. However, the same situation has favoured the private landowners by limiting the access of the fisherfolk communities to the land owned by the former. The privileging of one community sector over another has created conflicts between the NGO and the fisherfolk communities. However, these conflicts have been fuelled by other factors such as the steady contesting of the land titles over the territories occupied by the latter, and by the support that external organisations have given to the latter at the expense of the original owners of the land. This research suggests that local NGOs in charge of the management of natural protected areas might have limited capacity to abide by national conservation and sustainable development priorities due to the likelihood to be influenced by external forces with different priorities.
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Sambodo, Leonardo A. A. T. "The decision making processes of semi-commercial farmers : a case study of technology adoption in Indonesia". Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/241.

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An exploration of the creation and use of farmers' commonly used "rules of thumb" is required to conceptualize farmers' decision making processes. While farmers face complex situations, particularly when subsistence is an issue, they do appear to use simple rules in their decision making. To date inadequate attention has been given to understanding their reasoning processes in creating the rules, so this study traces the origins of farmers' beliefs, and extracts the decisive and dynamic elements in their decision making systems to provide this understanding. The analysis was structured by using a model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Modifications included recognizing a bargaining process (BP) and other decision stimuli to represent socio-cultural influences and sources of perception, respectively. Two analyses based on the Personal Construct Theory (PCT) and the Ethnographic Decision Tree Modelling (EDTM) were also applied to help elaborate the farmers' cognitive process and actual decision criteria. The method involved interviews in two villages in Lamongan Regency in East Java Province of Indonesia, where the farmers adopted an improved paddy-prawn system ("pandu"). The results highlighted that farmers use rational strategies, and that socio-cultural factors influence decision making. This was represented by interactions between the farmers' perceptions, their bargaining effort, and various background factors. The TPB model revealed that the farmers' perceptions about the potential of "pandu", and the interaction with their "significant others", influenced their intention to adopt "pandu". The farmers appeared to prefer a steady income and familiar practices at the same time as obtaining new information, mainly from their peers. When "pandu" failed to show sufficiently profitable results, most farmers decided to ignore or discontinue "pandu". This became the biggest disincentive to a wide and sustainable adoption. However, the PCT analysis showed that part of this problem also stemmed from the farmers' lack of resources and knowledge. The farmers' restrictive conditions also led them to seek socio-cultural and practical support for their actions. This was highlighted by a bargaining process (BP) that integrated what the farmers had learned, and believed, into their adoption behaviour. The BP also captured the farmers' communication strategies when dealing with "pandu" as its adoption affected resource allocation within the family and required cooperation with neighbours. The PCT and EDTM analyses also confirmed how the BP accommodated different sets of decision criteria to form different adoption behaviours. Such a process indicated the importance of considering the adoption decision and the relevant changes resulting from the farmers' cognition. This provided a more dynamic and realistic description of the farmers' decision-making process than has previously been attempted. Overall, the results suggested that semi-commercial farmers need to know, and confirm, that a new technology is significantly superior to the existing system, and can provide a secure income. The introduction of a new technology should use a participatory approach allowing negotiation, conflict mitigation and the creation of consensus among the relevant parties. This can be supported through better access to knowledge, information and financing. A specific and well-targeted policy intervention may also be needed to accommodate the diversity in the farmers' ways of learning and making decisions. Ways to improve the current analytical approaches are also suggested.
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Farthing, Tessa. "Impact of a Forested State Park on Nutrient Concentrations in an Agriculturally Dominated Watershed in Southwest Ohio". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626999681372348.

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Libri sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

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Babu, Suresh Chandra. Wildlife-agriculture-buffer zone interactions: A dynamic model of conservation and policy options for Malawi. Lilongwe, Malawi: Bunda College of Agriculture, Rural Development Dept., University of Malawi, in collaboration with Joint UNICEF/IFPRI Food Security Programme, 1994.

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Gardner, Donald E. Role of biological control as a management tool in national parks and other natural areas. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Specialty Crops and Natural Resources. Headwaters Forest Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Specialty Crops and Natural Resources of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, first session, on H.R. 2866, October 13, 1993. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Resources, United States Congress House Committee on Natural. Headwaters Forest Act: Report (to accompany H.R. 2866 which on August 4, 1993, was referred jointly to the Committee on Natural Resources and the Committee on Agriculture) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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Committee, Washington (State) Model Toxics Control Act Policy Advisory. Final report of the Model Toxics Control Act Policy Advisory Committee / submitted to the House Agriculture and Ecology Committee, Senate Ecology and Parks Committee, Director, Department of Ecology. [Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1996.

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1942-, Steckle Paul, a cura di. Bovine tuberculosis in the immediate vicinity of Riding Mountain National Park in Manitoba: Report of the Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. [Ottawa]: Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food, 2003.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. National forest and miscellaneous national park bills: Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on S. 309 to reform the concession policies of the National Park Service, and for other purposes, S. 907 to amend the National Forest Ski Area Permit Act of 1986 to clarify the authorities and duties of the Secretary of Agriculture in issuing ski area permits on national forest system lands and to withdraw lands within ski area permit boundaries from the operation of the mining and mineral leasing laws, S. 964 to amend the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 with respect to fees for admission into units of the national park system, and for other purposes, S. 1144 to reform and enhance the management of the national park system, and for other purposes, September 15, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests. Current fire management policies: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Subcommittee on Conservation and Forestry of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session ... September 29, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United, States Congress Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands National Parks and Forests. Current fire management policies: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Subcommittee on Conservation and Forestry of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session ... September 29, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests. Current fire management policies: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Subcommittee on Conservation and Forestry of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session ... September 29, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

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Linton, Heather, e Fevzi Okumus. "SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment". In Strategic management for hospitality and tourism, 253–70. Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | First edition published in 2010.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351188517-21.

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Mohammed, Stephanie. "Management Practices". In Tomorrow's Agriculture, 29–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99202-0_7.

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Peters, G. H. "Farm Income and Farm Management". In Agriculture, 86–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3448-2_7.

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Bazzocchi, Giovanni, e Stefano Maini. "Sustainable Pest Management". In Urban Agriculture, 167–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57720-3_11.

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Kundu, Manoj. "Orchard Floor Management". In Sustainable Agriculture, 227–51. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429325830-14.

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Calegari, A. "Cover Crop Management". In Conservation Agriculture, 191–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1143-2_24.

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Coxon, Catherine. "Agriculture and Karst". In Karst Management, 103–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1207-2_5.

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Hannahs, Todd. "Underwater Parks Versus Preserves: Data or Access". In Submerged Cultural Resource Management, 5–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0069-8_2.

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Tsirogiannis, Ioannis L., Francesco Orsini e Paulo Luz. "Water Management and Irrigation Systems". In Urban Agriculture, 129–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57720-3_9.

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Karuna, K., e Abhay Mankar. "Water Management in Horticultural Crops". In Sustainable Agriculture, 211–26. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429325830-13.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

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Cappelletti, Giulio Mario, Alfredo Ernesto Di Noia e Giuseppe Martino Nicoletti. "BEST PRACTICES FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES ADOPTED IN ITALIAN NATIONAL PARKS". In THIRD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2019.179.

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Stemberk, Josef. "ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ŠUMAVA NATIONAL PARK". In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.73.

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The main task of nature protection is to preserve or improve the current state of nature. Thus, it might seem that the economic benefits of the national park are not important for the management of the protected area, but calculating the economic benefits of protected areas for the region improves its acceptance among locals and visitors, as well as political and economic actors. From 2017 to 2019, Šumava National Park (Bohemian Forest National Park) in the Czech Republic and Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald (Bavarian Forest National Park) were subjected to extensive socio-economic monitoring, which included, among other things, research focusing on the economic benefits that visitors brought to both national parks. This article presents the results of research of the regional economic benefits that visitors brought to Šumava National Park compared with those in Bavarian Forest National Park, although the methods and findings were not absolutely identical and therefore difficult to compare.
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Yuan, Xiaoli. "The development strategy of Rizhao agriculture Tourist Park". In 2018 3rd International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsmet-18.2018.116.

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Zhuang, Zheng. "On the Problems of the Informatization of the Principal Parts of Managing Agriculture in Hubei Province". In 2016 International Conference on Management Science and Management Innovation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msmi-16.2016.59.

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"Study on Landscape Design of Horticulture Industry Park based on Modern Agriculture". In 2017 International Conference on Frontiers in Educational Technologies and Management Sciences. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/fetms.2017.154.

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Carvalho, F. P., J. M. Oliveira, O. Neves, M. M. Abreu e E. M. Vicente. "Agriculture in an Area Impacted by Past Uranium Mining Activities". In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7370.

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The shallow aquifer near the old Cunha Baixa uranium mine (Viseu, Portugal) was contaminated by acid mine drainage. Concentration of radionuclides in water from irrigation wells and in the topsoil layer of the agriculture fields nearby display enhanced concentrations of uranium, radium and polonium. Two types of agriculture land in this area were selected, one with enhanced and another with low uranium concentrations, for controlled growth of lettuce and potatoes. Plants were grown in replicate portions of land (two plots) in each soil type and were periodically irrigated with water from wells. In each soil, one plot was irrigated with water containing low concentration of dissolved uranium and the other plot with water containing enhanced concentration of dissolved uranium. At the end of the growth season, plants were harvested and analysed, along with soil and irrigation water samples. Results show the accumulation of radionuclides in edible parts of plants, specially in the field plots with higher radionuclide concentrations in soil. Radionuclides in irrigation water contributed less to the radioactivity accumulated in plants than radionuclides from soils.
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Pendevska, Marija. "THE INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION IN THE ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA-SELECTED RESULTS". In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.185.

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Business community faces rapid change due to the technology development. Its influence on business environment causes change in the knowledge base and its possibilities on achieving new solution as innovation thus gaining new knowledge. Enterprises are managing these continuous changes using the knowledge of its unique set of enterprise’s knowledge infrastructure, employee’s knowledge skills and business environment. This implies that fast knowledge development from technology development and innovation makes high pressure on the enterprises and on its employees as well. The manner how this is used and utilized within enterprise becomes dominant challenge for every enterprise and its respective management globally. Many researches in the past years have shown that innovations as commercialisation of new knowledge development and knowledge management practices can assist facing those challenges remarkably. Creating the balance between them is unique for every enterprise, for every respective management. This research paper consists of the following parts: introduction, selected theoretical and empirical framework and conclusion. The theoretical framework gives selected overview of the relevant researches in the field of knowledge management and innovation and their respective interrelation in new knowledge creation and commercialising of this new knowledge as innovation. The empirical framework describes the research design and gives the selected results obtained through the research of selected enterprises based on Questionnaire that covers key parameters previously discussed in the theoretical framework. Research focus is measuring the existence, the exchange, the creation of knowledge within enterprises and its usage in terms of new product development and/or improved products of the respective enterprises. Finally, in the conclusion, the study results are elaborated and their contribution to the existing body of knowledge and industry practices is discussed.
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Chen, Le. "A FRAME OF REFERENCE FOR RESEARCH OF A BLOCKCHAIN-BASED SOLUTION TO CORPORATE GRC-MANAGEMENT". In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.31.

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This society has faced many sorts of global challenges, especially the world of business and technological innovation, there's no greater aroused general argument nowadays than digital transformation (DT). Among production-oriented Corporates which many of them have begun to integrate digital technology into most areas of their business. How to well fulfill Corporate Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) while expanding existing businesses in the dramatic growth in DT environment has become a major challenge for all Corporates. Through a review of previous studying works and based on existing gaps the author evaluated whether there could be the feasibility of a blockchain-based technology being integrated as a solution to Corporate GRC-Management together with the theory of entire personnel's GRC responsibility system which would be parts of an agenda for the future research on this field and also contribute to Corporates in an overall strategic height level to embrace the coming of DT.
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Liu, Wei. "Analysis on the Willingness of Financing and the Influencing Factors of Enterprises in Agricultural Science and Technology Parks in Hebei Province —based on the binary Logistic model". In 2020 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Model Engineering (ICEMME). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemme51517.2020.00092.

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Manoharan, Yogesh, Alexander Headley, Keith Olson, Laurence Sombardier e Benjamin Schenkman. "Energy Storage Versus Demand Side Management for Peak-Demand Reduction at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology Park". In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63799.

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Abstract There is a growing interest in utilizing energy storage for behind-the-meter customers. Energy storage systems have many functions for behind-the-meter use such as energy time shifting, peak demand shaving, and backup power. However, demand side management of energy consuming systems can also provide similar energy shifting functionality often with a significantly lower upfront cost. Though energy storage systems and demand side management can both be applied, each option has strengths and weaknesses that can make the optimal selection of measures difficult in many cases. In this study, the tradeoff between energy storage and demand side management is investigated at the Hawaii Ocean Science and Technology (HOST) park of the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority (NELHA). The major energy consumption at the HOST park is for pumping the seawater that serves many functions at the park, including supplying temperature-controlled water for various agriculture applications and even building air conditioning measure. NELHA’s facilities are broken into two major load centers that are connected by the piping network, though they are electrically isolated and subject to different electricity price tariffs. This scenario is modeled to optimize the dispatch of the pump stations and potential battery systems to minimize the cost of electricity for both load centers. This scenario is a good example of the interplay between demand side management and energy-storage-based cost reduction measures.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Parks and Agriculture Management"

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Place, Frank, Ruth Suseela Meinzen-Dick e Hosaena Ghebru. Natural resource management and resource rights for agriculture. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293830_18.

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Pava, Daniel Seth. Trails Management at LANL - A Presentation to the Los Alamos County Parks and Recreation Board. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1179835.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Strengthening institutional capacity for disaster management and risk reduction through climate-resilient agriculture. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133279.

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Tangermann, Stefan. Risk Management in Agriculture and the Future of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20110621a.

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Kraynova, O. S., e A. L. Lazutina. The potential of modern logistics management tools: reserves for agriculture in the framework of import substitution. Ljournal, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/kray-2016-artc-00064.

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Walsh, Margaret, Peter Backlund, Lawrence Buja, Arthur DeGaetano, Rachel Melnick, Linda Prokopy, Eugene Takle, Dennis Todey e Lewis Ziska. Climate Indicators for Agriculture. United States. Department of Agriculture. Climate Change Program Office, luglio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7201760.ch.

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The Climate Indicators for Agriculture report presents 20 indicators of climate change, carefully selected across multiple agricultural production types and food system elements in the United States. Together, they represent an overall view of how climate change is influencing U.S. agriculture and food systems. Individually, they provide useful information to support management decisions for a variety of crop and livestock production systems. The report includes multiple categories of indicators, including physical indicators (e.g., temperature, precipitation), crop and livestock (e.g., animal heat stress), biological indicators (e.g., pests), phenological indicators (e.g. seasonality), and socioeconomic indicators (e.g., total factor productivity).
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García Romero, Helena, e Adriana Molina. Agriculture and Adaptation to Climate Change: The Role of Insurance in Risk Management: The Case of Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, luglio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000053.

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Narasimhan, T. N., e N. W. T. Quinn. Agriculture, irrigation, and drainage on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California: Unified perspective on hydrogeology, geochemistry and management. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/211641.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong e Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, Janice Hinsey, David Bowles, Lloyd Morrison, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor e Jefrey Williams. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.

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Abstract (sommario):
Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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