Articoli di riviste: "Parent-doctor"

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McCarthy, Danielle M. "Doctor–parent communication". Patient Education and Counseling 87, n. 3 (giugno 2012): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.09.004.

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Tates, Kiek. "Doctor-parent-child communication over the years". Patient Education and Counseling 34 (maggio 1998): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-3991(98)90017-9.

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Sangster, Joan. "Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree for Madeline Parent". Labour / Le Travail 45 (2000): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25149086.

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Tates, Kiek, Ed Elbers, Ludwien Meeuwesen e Jozien Bensing. "Doctor–parent–child relationships: a ‘pas de trois’". Patient Education and Counseling 48, n. 1 (settembre 2002): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00093-9.

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Tates, Kiek, e Ludwien Meeuwesen. "Doctor–parent–child communication. A (re)view of the literature". Social Science & Medicine 52, n. 6 (marzo 2001): 839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00193-3.

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McLaughlin, Melanie P. "What a Patient or Parent Wants to Tell a Doctor". International Anesthesiology Clinics 53, n. 3 (2015): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aia.0000000000000068.

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Bailey, D., e M. E. Garralda. "Referral to Child Psychiatry: Parent and Doctor Motives and Expectations". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 30, n. 3 (maggio 1989): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00258.x.

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Zupancic, J. A. F. "Characterising doctor-parent communication in counselling for impending preterm delivery". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 87, n. 2 (1 settembre 2002): 113F—117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.87.2.f113.

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Durbin, M. "From Both Sides Now: A Parent-Physician's View of Parent-Doctor Relationships During Pediatric Cancer Treatment". PEDIATRICS 100, n. 2 (1 agosto 1997): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.100.2.263.

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Tates, Kiek, e Ludwien Meeuwesen. "‘Let Mum have her say’: turntaking in doctor–parent–child communication". Patient Education and Counseling 40, n. 2 (maggio 2000): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00075-0.

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Thompson, Andrew. "Hippocrates and the smart phone: The evolving parent and doctor relationship". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 52, n. 4 (aprile 2016): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13170.

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Singh, Meharban. "Communication as a Bridge to Build a Sound Doctor-Patient/Parent Relationship". Indian Journal of Pediatrics 83, n. 1 (1 agosto 2015): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1853-9.

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Shutzberg, Mani. "The Doctor as Parent, Partner, Provider… or Comrade? Distribution of Power in Past and Present Models of the Doctor–Patient Relationship". Health Care Analysis 29, n. 3 (27 aprile 2021): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10728-021-00432-2.

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AbstractThe commonly occurring metaphors and models of the doctor–patient relationship can be divided into three clusters, depending on what distribution of power they represent: in the paternalist cluster, power resides with the physician; in the consumer model, power resides with the patient; in the partnership model, power is distributed equally between doctor and patient. Often, this tripartite division is accepted as an exhaustive typology of doctor–patient relationships. The main objective of this paper is to challenge this idea by introducing a fourth possibility and distribution of power, namely, the distribution in which power resides with neither doctor nor patient. This equality in powerlessness—the hallmark of “the age of bureaucratic parsimony”—is the point of departure for a qualitatively new doctor–patient relationship, which is best described in terms of solidarity between comrades. This paper specifies the characteristics of this specific type of solidarity and illustrates it with a case study of how Swedish doctors and patients interrelate in the sickness certification practice.

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Uphoff, Eleonora P., Philippa K. Bird, Joseph Maria Antó, Mikel Basterrechea, Andrea von Berg, Anna Bergström, Jean Bousquet et al. "Variations in the prevalence of childhood asthma and wheeze in MeDALL cohorts in Europe". ERJ Open Research 3, n. 3 (luglio 2017): 00150–2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00150-2016.

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While there is evidence for variations in prevalence rates of childhood wheeze and asthma between countries, longitudinal, individual-level data are needed to understand these differences. The aim of this study was to examine variations in prevalence rates of childhood asthma, wheeze and wheeze with asthma in Europe.We analysed datasets from 10 MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy) cohorts in eight countries, representing 26 663 children, to calculate prevalence rates of wheeze and asthma by child age and wheeze with asthma at age 4 years. Harmonised variables included outcomes parent-reported wheeze and parent-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma, and covariates maternal education, parental smoking, pets, parental asthma, doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis, doctor-diagnosed eczema and wheeze severity.At age 4 years, asthma prevalence varied from 1.72% in Germany to 13.48% in England and the prevalence of wheeze varied from 9.82% in Greece to 55.37% in Spain. Adjusted estimates of the proportion of 4-year-old children with wheeze diagnosed with asthma remained highest in England (38.14%, 95% CI 31.38–44.90%) and lowest in Spain (15.94%, 95% CI 6.16–25.71%).The large differences in prevalence rates of asthma, wheeze and wheeze with asthma at age 4 years between European cohorts may indicate that childhood asthma is more readily diagnosed in some countries while going unrecognised elsewhere.

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Tates, K., L. Meeuwesen, E. Elbers e J. Bensing. "‘I’ve come for his throat’: roles and identities in doctor-parent-child communication". Child: Care, Health and Development 28, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00248.x.

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Tates, Kiek, Ludwien Meeuwesen, Jozien Bensing e Ed Elbers. "Joking or Decision-Making? Affective and Instrumental Behaviour in Doctor-Parent-Child Communication". Psychology & Health 17, n. 3 (gennaio 2002): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870440290029548.

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Arzuaga, Bonnie H., Carter Petty e Annie Janvier. "The therapeutic space and doctor–parent relationship in paediatrics: trainees’ experiences and perspectives". Acta Paediatrica 108, n. 6 (3 dicembre 2018): 1067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.14634.

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Aronsson, Karin, e Bengt Rundström. "Cats, dogs, and sweets in the clinical negotiation of reality: On politeness and coherence in pediatric discourse". Language in Society 18, n. 4 (dicembre 1989): 483–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500013877.

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ABSTRACTDoctor–parent–child interaction is analyzed in terms of Brown and Levinson's (1978) theory on facework and politeness. The determinism of the Brown and Levinson (B & L) model is discussed in terms of the present data, which show how discourse is a matter of continuous negotiation between participants. For instance, it is shown how the on record/off record distinction is best understood sequentially. When doctors seem to sense that respectful indirectness does not work, they tend to phrase their requests in an increasingly direct fashion. Hence, the full meaning of doctors' directives is revealed only via the outcome of social interaction, regulated by both parties (doctor and patient/spokesperson). This means that utterances must be analyzed sequentially (and not in a mechanistic, static fashion). Moreover, discourse cannot be understood in terms of any unidirectional social determinism. It is also shown here how doctors can talk to parents through children, as it were. Within a joking relationship format with the child, it is possible for a doctor to convey potentially offensive information to the child's parent. Doctors' moves can thus be seen as direct or indirect depending on type of addressee perspective (parent as participant or as side-participant). The pediatric multiparty setting thus highlights the impossibility of a more formalistic application of the B & L model. (Politeness, facework, negotiations, medical discourse, child discourse)

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Garth, Belinda, Gregory C. Murphy e Dinah S. Reddihough. "Perceptions of participation: Child patients with a disability in the doctor–parent–child partnership". Patient Education and Counseling 74, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.031.

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Quine, Lyn, e D. R. Rutter. "First Diagnosis of Severe Mental and Physical Disability: A Study of Doctor?Parent Communication". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35, n. 7 (ottobre 1994): 1273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01234.x.

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Swanepoel, Annie. "Fifteen-minute consultation: Attachment as a model to understand and manage difficult doctor–parent relationships". Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 104, n. 4 (28 settembre 2018): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315570.

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Paediatricians are often faced with managing the child who is unwell, and parents, who may present in ways that are difficult to manage. Difficult behaviours can range from those who disregard their child’s needs, to those who overstate their child’s minor symptoms, to those who ask for help but then refuse to accept it. This paper gives a framework using attachment theory to help paediatricians recognise, understand and deal with difficult doctor–parent interactions in a way that is appropriate and sensitive. Making changes to the way we communicate with parents can improve outcomes for the child, the family and the doctor’s own well-being.

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Lotto, Robyn R., Ian D. Jones, Rafael Guerrero, Ram Dhannapuneni e Attilio A. Lotto. "Congenital cardiac surgery and parental perception of risk: a qualitative study". Cardiology in the Young 29, n. 11 (13 settembre 2019): 1361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119002087.

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AbstractIntroduction:The way risk is interpreted by parents of children undergoing congenital cardiac surgery is poorly documented. Literature suggests clinicians have concerns that parents may not understand the complexity of procedures. Conversely, some parents perceive an unnecessary over-emphasis of risks.Aim:To explore how risk is encountered by parents of children who are undergoing cardiac surgery, in order to deliver effective and compassionate care.Methods:A qualitative approach was adopted. Interviews were undertaken with 18 parents (mothers n = 10; fathers n = 8). Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a constant comparative-based approach.Findings:Three themes emerged from the data: the nature of risk, reflecting the complexity of parental perception of risk and the influence of the doctor–parent relationship; presenting risk, highlighting the way in which risk is presented to and interpreted by parents; and risk and responsibility, examining the way in which parents engaged with risk and the impact of this on their relationship.Conclusions:The way in which risk is perceived by parents is complex and multi-factorial. The doctor–parent relationship is key to parental engagement. However, parents manage risk and uncertainty through a number of mechanisms, including those perceived as being not rational. This can cause tension, particularly when required to engage in informed decision-making.

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Trnka, Susanna, e Laura McLaughlan. "Becoming 'Half a Doctor': Parent-Experts and the Normalisation of Childhood Asthma in Aotearoa/New Zealand". Sites: a journal of social anthropology and cultural studies 9, n. 2 (2012): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/sites-vol9iss2id208.

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Michel, Hilary, Sandra Kim, Nalyn Siripong e Robert Noll. "P047 PARENT PERSPECTIVES ON COMPREHENSIVE CARE FOR CHILDREN WITH INFLAMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: BUILDING A CARE DELIVERY MODEL FROM THE FAMILY UP". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, Supplement_1 (gennaio 2020): S64—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/zaa010.165.

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Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) require life-long management by gastroenterology (GI) and primary care providers (PCP). Guidelines exist outlining recommended healthcare services, but it is unclear which provider is responsible for which tasks, and what parents prefer. Aims To understand perceptions of healthcare quality and delivery for children with IBD, describe barriers to receiving comprehensive healthcare, and elicit preferences for how care would ideally be delivered. Methods Cross-sectional survey of parents of children ages 2–17 with IBD at a large, free-standing children’s hospital, recruited via an institutional research registry. Surveys assessed patient medical history, family demographics, perceptions of health care quality and delivery, barriers to primary and GI care, and preferences for care receipt. Results 217 parents were recruited, 214 consented, and 161 completed the survey (75% response). Mean patient age 14 years (SD 3); 51% male; 80% Crohn’s, 16% ulcerative colitis, and 4% indeterminate colitis. Most parents were Caucasian (94%), had a bachelor’s degree or higher (61%), and lived in a suburban setting (57%). Most had private insurance (43%) or private primary and public secondary insurance (34%). Most parents (N=149, 94%) thought the GI doctor was responsible for their child’s IBD care, and 8 (6%) reported shared responsibility by the GI doctor and PCP. 113 (71%) said their child’s PCP was responsible for primary care, 8 (5%) said GI doctor, and 37 (23%) said both. 95% of parents were confident in their GI doctor’s primary care knowledge, and 81% with their PCP’s IBD knowledge. 89% were satisfied with their communication with the PCP, and 98% were satisfied with their communication with the GI doctor. 53% did not know how well their PCP and GI doctors were communicating with each other. Only 4% of parents reported unmet healthcare needs, but those who did cited inadequate family support and mental health services. The greatest barriers to PCP care were lack of continuity with providers (22%) and scheduling (24%). The greatest barriers to GI care were scheduling (38%) and traveling to appointments (29%). Parent preferences for specific health care service delivery are found in Figure 1. Conclusions Parents of children with IBD are satisfied with provider knowledge and communication skills with them, though most are unaware how well their PCP and GI doctor are communicating with each other. Healthcare needs are being met for most patients in our cohort, but parents cite different barriers to primary vs. specialty care, and mental health services in particular are lacking. Parents seem to support co-management between their child’s PCP and GI provider. Understanding parent perspectives is essential to the development of family-centered healthcare delivery models for children with IBD.

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Wallace, Lacey N. "Gun safety discussions with caregivers: timing and demographic associations in a retrospective study". BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 25, n. 2 (19 agosto 2019): 1.3–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-111223.

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This study examined individuals’ recollection of gun safety conversations during childhood, and with whom these conversations occurred. Data were collected using a retrospective survey of 298 college students aged 18–54 from three campuses of a university in the USA. Respondents reported whether they recalled discussing guns or gun safety with a parent, doctor, or school official in childhood as well as what age they recalled first discussing guns or gun safety with this adult. Those growing up in gun-owning households were more likely to report gun safety conversations with parents and to report having these conversations at earlier ages. More affluent youth were more likely to report gun safety conversations with school officials and to report having gun safety discussions with adults in a variety of roles. Few respondents recalled discussing guns with a doctor or paediatrician. Future investigations are needed to assess the content and form of gun safety conversations between children and caregivers.

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Garfunkel, Joseph M. "Childhood ear infections: What every parent and doctor should know about prevention, home care, and alternative treatment". Journal of Pediatrics 118, n. 6 (giugno 1991): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(05)82222-x.

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Chung, S. Y., S. L. Luk e J. Soo. "Comparison of Parent-Referred and Doctor-Referred Patients to Child Psychiatrists in Hong Kong: a Research Note". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 31, n. 6 (settembre 1990): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00840.x.

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Xiong, Yuqi, Dan Wang, Haihong Chen, Xuemei Wang e Xinping Zhang. "Development and Validation of Online Textual Pediatrician-Parent Communication Instrument Based on the SEGUE Framework". BioMed Research International 2019 (28 aprile 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8638174.

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The prevalence and feature of online textual pediatrician-parent communication (OPPC) have been recognized, but evidence on OPPC assessment remains insufficient. This study aimed to develop and validate an OPPC instrument to provide measurement and quality characteristics for quality assessment and management. 490 OPPC exchanges of 61 tertiary hospitals from 9 Chinese provinces were obtained from the Spring Rain Doctor website. The SEGUE framework, OPPC feature, and a pilot study were considered to establish the instrument. An empirical study was conducted to validate it and the incidence of OPPC items was also analyzed. As a result, a four-dimensional, 15-item OPPC instrument was developed. The empirical results are as follows. Cronbach’s α values of dimensions were 0.80, 0.62, 0.64, and 0.60; the mean interrater reliability was 0.93; the correlation coefficients between items and their corresponding dimensions’ scores ranged from 0.51 to 0.89 (P<0.001). The goodness-of-fit indices were acceptable. The overall incidence rate of parent-dominated/cooperative items (46.9%) was higher than that of pediatrician-dominated items (39.6%). Thus, the instrument is acceptable and OPPC quality is characterized by more parent-dominated and cooperative behaviors.

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Young, Bridget, Jo Ward, Mary Forsey, Katja Gravenhorst e Peter Salmon. "Examining the validity of the unitary theory of clinical relationships: Comparison of observed and experienced parent–doctor interaction". Patient Education and Counseling 85, n. 1 (ottobre 2011): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.08.027.

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Waissman, Renee. "An analysis of doctor-parent interactions in the case of paediatric renal failure: the choice of home dialysis." Sociology of Health and Illness 12, n. 4 (dicembre 1990): 432–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340415.

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Mack, Jennifer W., Joanne M. Hilden, Jan Watterson, Caron Moore, Brian Turner, Holcombe E. Grier, Jane C. Weeks e Joanne Wolfe. "Parent and Physician Perspectives on Quality of Care at the End of Life in Children With Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, n. 36 (20 dicembre 2005): 9155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.010.

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Purpose To ascertain parents' and physicians' assessments of quality of end-of-life care for children with cancer and to determine factors associated with high-quality care as perceived by parents and physicians. Methods A survey was conducted between 1997 and 2001 of 144 parents of children who received treatment at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital (Boston, MA) or Children's Hospitals and Clinics of St Paul and Minneapolis, MN, between 1990 and 1999 (65% of those located and eligible) and 52 pediatric oncologists. Results In multivariable models, higher parent ratings of physician care were associated with physicians giving clear information about what to expect in the end-of-life period (odds ratio [OR] = 19.90, P = .02), communicating with care and sensitivity (OR = 7.67, P < .01), communicating directly with the child when appropriate (OR = 11.18, P < .01), and preparing the parent for circumstances surrounding the child's death (OR = 4.84, P = .03). Parent reports of the child's pain and suffering were not significant correlates of parental ratings of care (P = .93 and .35, respectively). Oncologists' ratings of care were inversely associated with the parent's report of the child's experience of pain (OR = 0.15, P = .01) and more than 10 hospital days in the last month of life (OR = 0.24, P < .01). Parent-rated communication factors were not correlates of oncologist-rated care. No association was found between parent and physician care ratings (P = .88). Conclusion For parents of children who die of cancer, doctor-patient communication is the principal determinant of high-quality physician care. In contrast, physicians' care ratings depend on biomedical rather than relational aspects of care.

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Salö, Martin, Gustav Friman, Pernilla Stenström, Bodil Ohlsson e Einar Arnbjörnsson. "Appendicitis in Children: Evaluation of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score in Younger and Older Children". Surgery Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/438076.

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Background. This study aimed to evaluate Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), diagnostic delay, and factors responsible for possible late diagnosis in children <4 years compared with older children who were operated on for suspected appendicitis.Method. 122 children, between 1 and 14 years, operated on with appendectomy for suspected appendicitis, were retrospectively analyzed. The cohort was divided into two age groups: ≥4 years (n=102) and <4 years (n=20).Results. The mean PAS was lower among the younger compared with the older patients (5.3 and 6.6, resp.;P=0.005), despite the fact that younger children had more severe appendicitis (75.0% and 33.3%, resp.;P=0.001). PAS had low sensitivity in both groups, with a significantly lower sensitivity among the younger patients. Parent and doctor delay were confirmed in children <4 years of age with appendicitis. PAS did not aid in patients with doctor delay. Parameters in patient history, symptoms, and abdominal examination were more diffuse in younger children.Conclusion. PAS should be used with caution when examining children younger than 4 years of age. Diffuse symptoms in younger children with acute appendicitis lead to delay and to later diagnosis and more complicated appendicitis.

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Bracey, Dorothy H. ""Like a Doctor to a Patient, Like a Parent to a Child"— Corrections in the People's Republic of China". Prison Journal 68, n. 1 (aprile 1988): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003288558806800104.

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FOSTER, CHARLES. "Dignity and the Ownership and Use of Body Parts". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 23, n. 4 (17 luglio 2014): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180114000097.

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Abstract:Property-based models of the ownership of body parts are common. They are inadequate. They fail to deal satisfactorily with many important problems, and even when they do work, they rely on ideas that have to be derived from deeper, usually unacknowledged principles. This article proposes that the parent principle is always human dignity, and that one will get more satisfactory answers if one interrogates the older, wiser parent instead of the younger, callow offspring. But human dignity has a credibility problem. It is often seen as hopelessly amorphous or incurably theological. These accusations are often just. But a more thorough exegesis exculpates dignity and gives it its proper place at the fountainhead of bioethics. Dignity is objective human thriving. Thriving considerations can and should be applied to dead people as well as live ones. To use dignity properly, the unit of bioethical analysis needs to be the whole transaction rather than (for instance) the doctor-patient relationship. The dignity interests of all the stakeholders are assessed in a sort of utilitarianism. Its use in relation to body part ownership is demonstrated. Article 8(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights endorses and mandates this approach.

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Siefen, G., B. Kirkcaldy e T. Lücke. "Neuropediatric rehabilitation for psychogenic gait disorders in children and adolescents". Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 26, n. 1 (14 aprile 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2020.5.

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AbstractPsychogenic gait disorders in children and adolescents represent a unique neuropediatric and rehabilitative challenge. The inability to walk frequently strikes abruptly. Triggers are not easily identifiable. Patients are commonly admitted to the hospital in an emergency. In view of the dramatic clinical picture, parents are perturbed. They expect rapid diagnostic clarification and therapy. If physical, laboratory, and X-ray examinations do not disclose any significant pathological findings, parents generally insist on consulting diverse specialists and clinics. The pivotal point of the course of treatment is the parent–doctor–patient relationship. This is notably true when child psychologists or psychiatrists have to be consulted. Typical risks and decision conflicts of the rehabilitation dynamics are described – these are augmented by several case vignettes.

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Haimi, Motti, Shuli Brammli-Greenberg, Yehezkel Waisman, Nili Stein e Orna Baron-Epel. "The role of non-medical factors in physicians’ decision-making process in a pediatric telemedicine service". Health Informatics Journal 26, n. 2 (30 settembre 2019): 1152–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458219870660.

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The complex process of medical decision-making is prone also to medically extraneous influences or “non-medical” factors. We aimed to investigate the possible role of non-medical factors in doctors’ decision-making process in a telemedicine setting. Interviews with 15 physicians who work in a pediatric telemedicine service were conducted. Those included a qualitative section, in which the physicians were asked about the role of non-medical factors in their decisions. Their responses to three clinical scenarios were also analyzed. In an additional quantitative section, a random sample of 339 parent -physician consultations, held during 2014–2017, was analyzed retrospectively. Various non-medical factors were identified with respect to their possible effect on primary and secondary decisions, the accuracy of diagnosis, and “reasonability” of the decisions. Various non-medical factors were found to influence physicians’ decisions. Those factors were related to the child, the applying parent, the physician, the interaction between the doctor and parents, the shift, and to demographic considerations, and were also found to influence the ability to make an accurate diagnosis and “reasonable” decisions. Our conclusion was that non-medical factors have an impact on doctor’s decisions, even in the setting of telemedicine, and should be considered for improving medical decisions in this milieu.

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Rambalaji, S. "Solar Powered Infant Incubator for Assessment in Healthcare System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n. VI (14 giugno 2021): 2403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34777.

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Monitoring baby health status in incubator is a necessary task and need more attention. Huge number of issues was happened previously like improper oxygen supply, theft of child and mishandling in continuous monitoring. Hence a proper automatic system should be needed for monitoring a baby in incubator with reduced human interaction. This can be achieved through sensors and projected as proposed system. Here temperature, humidity, heartbeat, pressure and accelerometer sensor are used to check baby body condition and if any drastic change is identified in it will be automatically intimated through buzzer. If any unauthorized person is picking up the child it will be detected by IR sensor and automatically door will be closed. Another major issue is the current status of a child is not transparent to respective parent here all the details gathered from the sensors will be automatically loaded in cloud through IoT which can viewed by their parent as well as doctor to analyze current status of the baby. The whole process is controlled by Raspberry PI and for continuous monitoring solar panel is added that provide power supply for our system sequentially without any interrupt. Hence it clearly shows that our proposed system achieves the objective of our work and protects baby both in physical and health based parameters.

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Perret, Jennifer L., Caroline J. Lodge, Adrian J. Lowe, David P. Johns, Bruce R. Thompson, Dinh S. Bui, Lyle C. Gurrin et al. "Childhood pneumonia, pleurisy and lung function: a cohort study from the first to sixth decade of life". Thorax 75, n. 1 (30 ottobre 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213389.

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IntroductionAdult spirometry following community-acquired childhood pneumonia has variably been reported as showing obstructive or non-obstructive deficits. We analysed associations between doctor-diagnosed childhood pneumonia/pleurisy and more comprehensive lung function in a middle-aged general population cohort born in 1961.MethodsData were from the prospective population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study cohort. Analysed lung function was from ages 7 years (prebronchodilator spirometry only, n=7097), 45 years (postbronchodilator spirometry, carbon monoxide transfer factor and static lung volumes, n=1220) and 53 years (postbronchodilator spirometry and transfer factor, n=2485). Parent-recalled histories of doctor-diagnosed childhood pneumonia and/or pleurisy were recorded at age 7. Multivariable linear and logistic regression were used.ResultsAt age 7, compared with no episodes, childhood pneumonia/pleurisy-ever was associated with reduced FEV1:FVC for only those with current asthma (beta-coefficient or change in z-score=−0.20 SD, 95% CI −0.38 to –0.02, p=0.028, p interaction=0.036). At age 45, for all participants, childhood pneumonia/pleurisy-ever was associated with a restrictive pattern: OR 3.02 (1.5 to 6.0), p=0.002 for spirometric restriction (FVC less than the lower limit of normal plus FEV1:FVC greater than the lower limit of normal); total lung capacity z-score −0.26 SD (95% CI −0.38 to –0.13), p<0.001; functional residual capacity −0.16 SD (−0.34 to –0.08), p=0.001; and residual volume −0.18 SD (−0.31 to –0.05), p=0.008. Reduced lung volumes were accompanied by increased carbon monoxide transfer coefficient at both time points (z-score +0.29 SD (0.11 to 0.49), p=0.001 and +0.17 SD (0.04 to 0.29), p=0.008, respectively).DiscussionFor this community-based population, doctor-diagnosed childhood pneumonia and/or pleurisy were associated with obstructed lung function at age 7 for children who had current asthma symptoms, but with evidence of ‘smaller lungs’ when in middle age.

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Pretorius, Rachelle A., Marie Bodinier, Susan L. Prescott e Debra J. Palmer. "Maternal Fiber Dietary Intakes during Pregnancy and Infant Allergic Disease". Nutrients 11, n. 8 (1 agosto 2019): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081767.

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Maternal diet during pregnancy plays a likely role in infant immune development through both direct nutrient specific immunomodulatory effects and by modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the maternal gut microbiome. Dietary fibers, as major substrates for microbial fermentation, are of interest in this context. This is the first study to examine maternal intakes of different fiber sub-types and subsequent infant allergic disease. In an observational study of 639 mother–infant pairs (all infants had a family history of allergic disease) we examined maternal intakes of total fiber, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, resistant starch, and prebiotic fiber, by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at 36–40 weeks’ gestation. Infants attended an allergy clinical assessment at 12 months of age, including skin prick testing to common allergens. Higher maternal dietary intakes of resistant starch were associated with reduced doctor diagnosed infant wheeze, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68 (95% CI 0.49, 0.95, p = 0.02). However, in contrast, higher maternal intakes of resistant starch were associated with higher risk of parent reported eczema aOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.09, 1.49, p < 0.01) and doctor diagnosed eczema aOR 1.19 (95% CI 1.01, 1.41, p = 0.04). In conclusion, maternal resistant starch consumption was differentially associated with infant phenotypes, with reduced risk of infant wheeze, but increased risk of eczema.

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Anisimova, E. N., N. Yu Anisimova, O. S. Kovylina e I. A. Kravchenko. "Assessment of pain and pain relief in children at a dental appointment". Pediatric dentistry and dental profilaxis 20, n. 2 (10 giugno 2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-101-104.

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Relevance. Subjective assessment of pain in children is traditionally implemented using visual analogue scales. The need for comfortable dental treatment in children is obvious, therefore, in order to obtain the most reliable data, it is necessary to develop pain rating scales and the effectiveness of pain management in accordance with the age of the child.Purpose. Development of visual analogue scales designed to assess the effectiveness of pain relief when performing outpatient dental interventions in children, depending on the age of the child.Materials and methods. A visual analogue scale was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of pain relief in children at an outpatient dental appointment, in accordance with the age of the child. 100 patients aged 4 to 12 years were examined.Results. The reaction and behaviour of the child during dental treatment using local anesthesia were the basis of the designed pain rating scales. In the age group of 4-7 years, the visual analogue scale was filled in by the doctor, the child and the parent, and in the second group of patients aged 7 to 12 years, the scale was filled in by the child and the doctor, since in this age category children could independently correlate themselves with the picture on the scale.Conclusions. The designed scales of subjective assessment of the effectiveness of local anesthesia in children allow to determine the quality of the studied methods and means of local anesthesia in pediatric dental practice.

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Van Den Brink-Muinen, Atie, e Jozien M. Bensing. "Factors Influencing the Type of Health Problems Presented by Women in General Practice: Differences between Women's Health Care and Regular Health Care". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 26, n. 4 (dicembre 1996): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jkw9-c7c7-wvvm-1m3e.

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Objective: Differences between health problems presented by women (aged 20–45) to female “women's health care” doctors and both female and male regular health care doctors were investigated. This article explores the relationship of patients' roles (worker, partner, or parent) and the type of health care, controlling for education, to the presentation of psychological, social, and purely somatic problems in general practice. Method: Data was derived from a “women's health care” practice and twenty-one group practices providing regular care. The doctors registered detailed information about all patient contacts during a three-month period. Logistic regression analysis was used in order to calculate the likelihood of women attending their doctor to present with psychological, social, or somatic health problems. Results: We found that the effect of education was much stronger than the effect of roles. Women attending women's health care presented more psychological and social problems and less somatic problems than women visiting regular health care doctors. Patients of female and male doctors providing regular care did not differ in this respect between each other. Conclusions: This study showed that patient characteristics, like roles and education, are related to the type of health problems presented to general practitioners. The type of health care was also important in explaining differences in the problems presented to them. Future research in primary care should include doctor characteristics to better understand how these characteristics might relate to patient outcomes.

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Vlastos, I. M., J. Hajiioannou e M. Houlakis. "Otitis media with effusion: what parents want to know". Journal of Laryngology & Otology 122, n. 1 (13 marzo 2007): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107006597.

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AbstractIntroduction:Otitis media with effusion is a common condition of childhood. The development of an information leaflet for parents of children with the condition, and its impact on clinical management, have not previously been examined.Patients and methods:Eighteen doctors and 38 parents assessed the content of an information leaflet on otitis media with effusion, by applying two rounds of the modified Delphi technique. A qualitative assessment of content items was also performed.Results:From the 23-item list used in the first assessment round, four items had a low doctor–parent agreement and seven were excluded. Differences were also noticed in comments on the value of such leaflets, with parents being more positive about the value of leaflet distribution.Conclusion:During the consultation, doctors may not tell parents what they want to know, especially regarding daily care of their child. An information leaflet, developed using the Delphi technique, can help reduce this discrepancy and increase parents' satisfaction.

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Bray, Emily Alice, Ajesh George, Bronwyn Everett, Yenna Salamonson e Lucie Ramjan. "Protocol for developing a healthcare transition intervention for young people with spinal cord injuries using a participatory action research approach". BMJ Open 11, n. 7 (luglio 2021): e053212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053212.

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IntroductionWhile healthcare transition (HCT) interventions are recognised as an important area in paediatric rehabilitation, there has been limited research focusing on young people with spinal cord injuries (SCI). In this study, researchers will collaborate with young people with SCI and their parents/caregivers to develop, implement and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a HCT intervention aimed at supporting young people with SCI during their transition from paediatric to adult healthcare services.Methods and analysisA participatory action research (PAR) approach will be used to co-develop the HCT intervention with young people with SCI aged 14–25 years and their parents/caregivers. Three phases will be conducted to address the five objectives of this study. Phase 1 will use semi-structured interviews to explore young people and parent/caregivers’ experiences of HCT. In Phase 2a, both young people and parent/caregivers will be co-researchers. They will be included in the analysis of the interviews and will be asked to participate in co-design workshops to inform the development of a prototype HCT intervention. In Phase 2b, using focus groups, feedback on the prototype HCT intervention will be collected. In Phase 3, the refined prototype HCT intervention will be implemented, and young people with SCI and parent/caregivers will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the HCT intervention in semi-structured interviews. A reference group, including stakeholders and end users, will be consulted at different time points.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethics approval from Western Sydney University Human Research and Ethics Committee (H14029). The researcher will use the results of this study as chapters in a thesis to obtain a Doctor of Philosophy degree. The findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at local, national or international conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12621000500853

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CAI, Yu. "儒家“個人”的道德身份與道德責任". International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 11, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.111536.

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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.This article reviews Professor Lo Ping Cheung’s paper, “The Family as the Primary Protector of the Vulnerable: Confucian versus Medical Ethics.” The paper describes human behavior by way of historical narrative, thus offering a historical perspective on philosophical research. His notion of “family co-determination” instead of “parent-determination” also brings a developmental attitude to philosophical research. At the same time, we discuss the moral identity and moral responsibility of the Confucian “individual.” The moral identity of the Confucian “individual” includes both specific cultural identities and a specific social identity. Confucian individuals are the successors, developers and creators of Confucian culture, and also the practitioners and successors of family virtues. These are their moral responsibilities. This article also makes recommendations on forming and expressing family decisions in practice. First, family decisions should be taken by those members of the family who have the capacity to make a decision. However, taking the view of the family as the ethical unit, a family decision should be made on the family’s specific circumstances, with no need for administrative or legal provisions. Second, in accordance with current practice, a representative of the family who has the capacity to make medical decisions should sign an informed consent form. When the views of the patient and his or her family are not consistent, the general principle is that the doctor should follow the patient’s decision. Yet there might be some cases in which the doctor should not follow the decision of the patient; for example, if the patient makes a decision that endangers his or her life due to a lack of knowledge, emotional state or other reasons. In this case, the other family members will put forward their different views based on their responsibility to the patient, and the doctor may comply with the latter.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 301 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

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Shah, R., A. Sharma, S. Grover, N. Chauhan e S. Jhanda. "Parental Causal Explanations and Treatment Seeking in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Perspectives From a Developing Nation Based on Process Theory". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (aprile 2017): s303—s304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.191.

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IntroductionCultural factors have an important role in causal model of symptoms, threshold for treatment seeking and acceptability of professional help in ADHD.Objectives and aimsTo explore causal explanations and treatment seeking amongst parents of children with ADHD and understand these in context of a largely collectivistic culture as in India.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 consenting parents; data interpreted using process theory.ResultsInitial reaction to psychiatric referral revealed themes of disbelief/surprise, feeling confused/offended and lag of 6–36 months to consultation. Parents most commonly attributed causality to psychosocial reasons (lack of motivation/volitional, inadequate disciplining), while few gave one or more biomedical explanations (epilepsy, brain damage, low birth weight, nutritional deficiency, maternal ill health, low intelligence) alone or with a psychosocial reason. Despite the initial reaction, all but 1 parent was relieved with medical explanation, accepted diagnosis, and perceived need for treatment. Most parents were willing to start/continue medication if doctor suggested so as “he/she would know the best”. All parents expressed that counseling was needed.ConclusionsInitial reactions and delay in treatment seeking is understood in light of cultural attitudes towards mental illnesses and psychiatric consultation in developing nations. More importantly, despite initial reluctance, most parents accepted biomedical explanation and treatment. The doctor patient relationship modeled on a guru-chela relation of complete trust in authority can explain this process change. We conclude that cultural attitudes not only influence causal models and initial treatment seeking, but also modify process of help seeking.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Brown, J. "Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study". South African Journal of Sports Medicine 28, n. 2 (15 novembre 2016): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2016/v28i2a1575.

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Introduction: BokSmart has disseminated Graduated Return-to-Play (GRTP) guidelines for concussions management to all, but specifically coaches, in South Africa. Medical clearance before returning to play (RTP) is poorly adhered to in the GRTP steps. This study explored barriers to compliance with medical clearance prior to RTP.Methods: Players who suffered a concussion during the 2014/2015 South African Rugby Youth Week Tournaments were followed-up telephonically until RTP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore enablers/barriers to seeking/not seeking medical clearance before RTP.Results: Of those who did not seek medical clearance (47%), 80% indicated that the player/parent or coach felt this was unnecessary. Of those who did seek medical clearance, 65% reported they were instructed to do so either by the tournament doctor who diagnosed the injury or by the school coach.Conclusion: Besides coaches, parents and medical doctors have an important influence on players’ RTP behaviour. The findings of this pilot study need to be repeated in a larger cohort.

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Banaji, Mahzarin R., e Curtis D. Hardin. "Automatic Stereotyping". Psychological Science 7, n. 3 (maggio 1996): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00346.x.

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Two experiments tested a form of automatic stereo-typing Subjects saw primes related to gender (e g, mother, father, nurse, doctor) or neutral with respect to gender (e g, parent, student, person) followed by target pronouns (stimulus onset asynchronv = 300 ms) that were gender related (e g, she, he) or neutral (it, me) or followed by nonpronouns (do, all, Experiment 2 only) In Experiment 1, subjects judged whether each pronoun was male or female Automatic gender beliefs (stereotypes) were observed in faster responses to pronouns consistent than inconsistent with the gender component of the prime regardless of subjects' awareness of the prime-target relation, and independently of subjects explicit beliefs about gender stereotypes and language reform In Experiment 2, automatic stereotyping was obtained even though a gender-irrelevant judgment task (pronoun/not pronoun) was used Together, these experiments demonstrate that gender information imparted by words can automatically influence judgment, although the strength of such effects may be moderated by judgment task and prime type

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Dimitriu, Ileana. "Father, Daughter and ‘Estranged Belonging’: Anne Landsman’s The Rowing Lesson". English in Africa 47, n. 1 (2 ottobre 2020): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eia.v47i1.3.

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In this article, I analyse aspects of a father/daughter story that is emblematic of dislocation and a yearning to belong. It is a story of a deep-seated, recurrent condition of ‘estranged belonging’. Most critical responses to Anne Landsman’s prize-winning novel have focused on the narrator’s (the daughter’s) memory and nostalgia within the trope of an ‘elegy for a dying parent’. I embed such a trope, however, in the quite insistent – but hitherto largely ignored – societal dimension of the story. Accordingly, the expatriate daughter reconnects with her dying father not only by recollecting her affective memories of him and the ‘lessons’ learned. She also reconnects by entering imaginatively into the life of her father as the son of a poor, immigrant Lithuanian family. The reader enters, intimately, into the ‘estranged belonging’ of a country doctor, in the class marginalisation, hardship, fracture and resilience of small-town South Africa. Key words: Anne Landsman, The Rowing Lesson, double dislocation, estranged belonging, father-daughter

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Stoddart, Hannah, Emily Hansen e Mark Nelson. "Australian Parents' Reasons for Attending a GP when their Child has Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms: An Exploratory Pilot Study". Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, n. 1 (2006): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06005.

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Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in children are a frequent presentation in Australian general practice. However, there is limited Australian evidence about why parents decide to consult a doctor for childhood URTIs. Our objective was to design a qualitative pilot study aiming to explore this issue using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with nine parents. We found that cough, fever and abnormal behaviour of the child prompted a consultation with the general practitioner (GP). Parents sought an examination of their child (in particular "hidden areas" such as ears and throat) and reassurance, rather than antibiotics. They also wanted the GP to suggest practical ways to help alleviate their child's symptoms. The results provide a greater understanding of the fears, concerns and beliefs of parents of children with URTIs and hence may improve the GP - parent consultation. Health providers may be encouraged to address the specific parental concerns emerging from this study.

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Singh, Abhay Kumar, Tanka R. Rana, JunHo Kim, M. Shkir e Tien-Chien Jen. "Impact on Structural and Optical Properties of CZTS Thin Films with Solvents and Ge Incorporation". International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (18 marzo 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1508469.

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This report demonstrates nontoxic colloidal nitrate route CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) synthesis at room temperature, along with their band grading due to incorporation of Ge as cost of Sn (3%). The parent CZTS, CZGTS (Cu2ZnGeSnS4), and their polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent containing solutions doctor blade-coated thin film structural and optical properties are discussed. Their sulfurized thin films thickness have been achieved ±2 μ. It has noticed that addition of Ge in CZTS alloy affects the grain sizes, crystallographic structure, Raman spectral peak shift toward the higher wave number side. The addition of PVA and DMSO is also substantially contributed in their physical property modification by demonstrating the gradual improvement in grain sizes and compactness. Moreover, the gradual changes have also appeared in their X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic results. The optical energy band gaps of the CZTS, CZGTS, and their PVA, DMSO mixed alloyed thin films are obtained in between 1.27 eV to 1.57 eV and 1.58 eV to 1.83 eV.

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