Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Parasitoses intestinales – Guinée"

Background: Intestinal parasitosis constitute a major public health issue, particularly in sub-tropical and tropical areas. Even though they are classified as neglected tropical diseases, no national study has been carried out recently in Guinea to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis. Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in Guinea. Method: The PRISMA method was used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. The studies carried out in order to study intestinal parasitosis in Guinea and published between 2010 and 2020 were searched in online public databases. The prevalence of parasitosis was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup comparisons were performed using Q-tests. Statistical analyses were performed with the R software. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification number CRD42022349743. Results: 69 studies were selected out of 1230 studies identified in online public databases. The meta-analysis involved 44,186 people with an overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections of 52%. Conclusions: This is the first study in Guinea to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in different regions of the country. It was found that intestinal parasitosis are a real health problem in Guinea, hence, the need to put in place national strategies for regular control.

Objectives: Calculate the frequency of anemia during pregnancy, describe the epidemiological profile and describe the management of anemia during pregnancy in the gynecology-obstetrics Department of the Labé regional hospital. Methodology: This was a prospective, descriptive study lasting six (6) months from September 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021 All pregnant women who developed anemia and treated were considered for the study in the service. All pregnant women without anemia were included. Our data were analyzed by Epi-Info version 7.2.2.6 software, entered and presented by Pack office 2016 software. Results: The frequency of anemia in pregnant women was 27.61% in the department. The epidemiological profile of anemia in pregnant women at the Labé regional hospital was that of: a woman aged 25-29 (30.63%), housewives (72.97%), women not attending school (66, 67 %.), those Coming from the rural areas (76.58%), married women (100%), pauciparous (29.73%) and only 14.42% did not carry out an antenatal consultation. The anemia occurred in the 3rd trimester (76.58 %,). The main reason for consultation was paleness of the conjunctivae and integuments (92.79%) and malaria the dominant antecedent (60.36%). Severe anemia was the most dominant clinical form (54.96%). Transfusion was performed in 54.95% of women with anemia. The average length of stay was 4.9 days with extremes of 1 and 10 days. The maternal prognosis was favorable in 96.40% with a maternal death rate of 3.60%. Conclusion: Anemia is a major problem for pregnant women in the Gynecology-Obstetrics department at the Labé regional hospital. The improvement of the maternal prognosis would pass by chemoprophylaxis of malaria, the use of impregnated mosquito nets with long-lasting insecticide (LLINs), the prevention of intestinal parasitoses, the regular administration of iron, folic acid and the provision of quality prenatal consultation.

Background: Parasitic diseases are among the problems that most affect birds. The Ascaridia spp. is one of the genera which is responsible for the main infections, and the Ascaridia. galli is the most frequent species found in birds. The Ascaridia spp. egg is oval and present a smooth shell which could be mistaken with the Heterakis gallinarum eggs, once they are the most frequent parasites in birds. Therefore, this case report describes the occurrence of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum in a guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) feces and gut.Case: In January 2017, rain season in northern Brazil, a visit was performed to a free range avian breeding property in the municipality of São Miguel do Guaporé in the state of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazonian Region. The property breeds two chicken species: Gallus gallus domesticus and Numida meleagris as well as one quail species. The problem was related to the guinea fowl breeding which was composed by 50 adults and 45 young birds about two or three weeks old. All 45 young guinea fowl were presenting various clinical signs, which included: yellowish catarrhal diarrhea, isolation, loss of appetite, body weight, ruffled feathers, drooping wings and sternal prominence. All animals that presented the clinical signs as ruffled feathers, drooping wings and sternal prominence died on an average of 24 h and the mortality was of 65.9% (29/45). Subsequently, a three-week old bird corpse was necropsied, and it was observed that its intestines presented a large amount of endoparasites besides presenting thickening. As there were a lot of helminths, they were collected along with the intestinal content for examination. The parasitological examinations of the feces were performed by Willys Molay's technique. As a result of the fluctuation technique, were observed and identified large quantities of Heterakis gallinarum and Ascaridia galli eggs. The adult worms of H. gallinarum and A. galli were identified using dichotomous key.Discussion: Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum infection were reported in guinea fowl in a free range chicken breeding property in the municipality of São Miguel do Guaporé in the state of Rondônia, Brazilian Amazonian Region. Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum eggs have already been identified in free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) by flotation techniques, as Willys Mollay and Faust and they are the main species of helminths housed by chickens. However, these parasites are not commonly reported in guinea fowl worldwide, especially in the Numida meleagris species. Regarding necropsy, intestinal wall thickening is generally a common finding which has been reported in chickens, however it is not commonly reported in guinea fowl. Additionally, the presence of clinical signs of nematode parasitosis frequently occurs in birds with high parasitic load. In this report, we believe that the guinea fowls births on the rain season was one of the factors to the high parasites incidence found, since both nematodes species are frequently identified in the rain seasons. Additionally, the management adopted by the breeder, using concomitantly the same nursery for guinea fowl and chicken, added up to inadequate sanitary management, seems to have directly influenced the contamination and recontamination of the different brood litter of guinea fowls. It is concluded that guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) located in the state of Rondônia were affected by high amounts of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum and caused high mortality in the young specimens and consequently causing economic losses to the proprietary.

Les parasitoses intestinales ont un impact majeur en santé publique en particulier dans les pays en voie de développement où ces infections sont endémiques et restent l'une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité dans la population. Les pays de l’Afrique sub-saharienne sont ainsi les plus touchés en lien avec des conditions sanitaires précaires et un système d’assainissement de l’eau de consommation défaillant associés à une pauvreté et une promiscuité favorisant la transmission et l’expansion de ces parasitoses. Pourtant, ces infections restent encore largement sous-estimées dans de nombreux pays africains comme la Guinée. Aussi une première revue a permis d’évaluer la situation vis à vis des maladies tropicales négligées qui représentent une priorité du Ministère de la Santé guinéen. En faisant abstraction des helminthiases, ce panorama ne prenait pas en compte les parasitoses intestinales. Aussi, à travers une revue systématique et une méta-analyse, un bilan de leur prévalence a été dressé en Guinée mais les données concernant l’impact potentiel des protozoaires intestinaux comme Blastocystis sp. et Cryptosporidium spp. étaient quasi inexistantes. De larges enquêtes épidémiologiques de terrain ont alors été menées dans la région de Conakry afin d’obtenir, via l’utilisation de méthodes moléculaires, les premières valeurs de prévalence et données de sous-typage des isolats pour ces deux protozoaires. La prévalence très élevée (78%) observée pour Blastocystis sp.au sein d’une cohorte de 500 individus mettait en avant une circulation très active de ce parasite dans la population guinéenne. De plus, le sous-typage des isolats présents montrait une prédominance très marquée des sous-types (STs) anthroponotiques (ST1-ST4) de Blastocystis sp. en lien avec une large transmission inter-humaine. En parallèle, l’identification d’un nombre significatif d’isolats de ST14 adapté aux bovins suggérait une transmission zoonotique significative. Concernant Cryptosporidium spp., sa prévalence dans un groupe de plus de 800 participants n’était que de 0,12% avec un seul isolat de C. hominis caractérisé. Cependant, cette fréquence était cohérente avec celles déjà rapportées dans certains pays africains en analysant des populations globales et non des groupes de jeunes enfants plus susceptibles à cette infection. En lien avec la fréquence élevée de Blastocystis sp., une première étude en Guinée a été réalisée sur l’impact de la colonisation par ce protozoaire sur le microbiote intestinal. Cette colonisation a un impact significatif sur le microbiote intestinal bactérien, et un impact beaucoup moins prononcé sur le microbiote eucaryotique. Cette étude apportait ainsi une nouvelle preuve de l’impact bénéfique des STs anthroponotiques de Blastocystis sp. sur le microbiote intestinal, la colonisation par le protozoaire étant associée à des effets positifs sur la diversité et la composition bactérienne de cet écosystème. Toutes ces données épidémiologiques seront accessibles pour les autorités sanitaires guinéennes afin de sensibiliser la population à cette problématique de santé publique et mettre en place des mesures de contrôle et de prévention afin de limiter l’impact des parasitoses intestinales
Intestinal parasitic infections have a major impact on public health, particularly in developing countries where these infections are endemic and remain one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in the population. Sub-Saharan African countries are the most affected, due to poor sanitation conditions and inadequate drinking water sanitation systems, combined with poverty and crowded living conditions that facilitate the transmission and spread of these parasitic infections. Yet, these infections remain largely underestimated in many African countries, such as Guinea. An initial review helped assess the situation regarding neglected tropical diseases, which are a priority for the Guinean Ministry of Health. However, this overview did not include intestinal parasitic infections, focusing instead on helminthiases. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the prevalence of these infections in Guinea. However, data on the potential impact of intestinal protozoa like Blastocystis sp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were almost non-existent. Consequently, large-scale field epidemiological surveys were conducted in the Conakry region to obtain, using molecular methods, the first prevalence rates and subtyping data for these two protozoa. A very high prevalence (78%) of Blastocystis sp. was observed in a cohort of 500 individuals, highlighting an active circulation of this parasite within the Guinean population. Additionally, subtyping of the isolates revealed a marked predominance of anthroponotic subtypes (ST1-ST4) of Blastocystis sp., indicative of extensive human-to-human transmission. In parallel, the identification of a significant number of ST14 isolates, which are adapted to cattle, suggested notable zoonotic transmission. Concerning Cryptosporidium spp., its prevalence in a group of over 800 participants was only 0.12%, with a single C. hominis isolate identified. However, this frequency aligns with those reported in other African countries when examining general populations rather than young children, who are more susceptible to this infection. In relation to the high prevalence of Blastocystis sp., the first study in Guinea was conducted on the impact of colonization by this protozoan on the intestinal microbiota. This colonization significantly impacts the bacterial gut microbiota, with a much less pronounced effect on the eukaryotic microbiota. This study thus provided new evidence of the beneficial impact of anthroponotic STs of Blastocystis sp. on the gut microbiota, as colonization by the protozoan was associated with positive effects on the diversity and bacterial composition of this ecosystem. All these epidemiological data will be available to Guinean health authorities to raise public awareness on this public health issue and implement control and prevention measures to limit the impact of intestinal parasitic infections

Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia Humana e Ambiente). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2010
As parasitoses intestinais (helmintoses e protozooses) representam um grave problema de saúde pública nos países em desenvolvimentos. A morbilidade causada por estes agentes patogénicos é na maioria das vezes relacionada com desnutrição, resultando em deficiências no desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo da população infantil, geralmente a mais afectada. Os principais mecanismos de transmissão dos parasitas intestinais estão associados com inadequadas práticas de higiene pessoal e doméstica, e com fontes de contaminação. O objectivo deste trabalho foi estudar a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais e a sua relação com o estado nutricional em 117 crianças com idades compreendidas dos 0 aos 15 anos, de uma comunidade rural situada em Bafatá, interior da Guiné-Bissau. As técnicas aplicadas, nas amostras de fezes, foram a identificação morfológica das espécies por observação microscópica e a identificação molecular das espécies E. histolytica, E. dispar e E. moshkovskii. O exame parasitológico das fezes revelou a uma prevalência de 60,7% crianças infectadas com parasitas intestinais, das quais 33,3% apresentaram Giardia intestinalis, 28,2% Ancylostoma spp. e apenas 4 casos de infecção com E. histolytica. Através da análise de índices antropométricos foi possível verificar a prevalência de desnutrição aguda em 45,8% das crianças e de desnutrição crónica em 58,6%. A relação das parasitoses intestinais com o estado nutricional determinou a inexistência de relação com a desnutrição aguda, contudo foi verificada uma relação significativa entre as crianças parasitadas com desnutrição crónica. O parasita mais frequente encontrado nas crianças com desnutrição crónica foi Ancylostoma spp. Este estudo contribuiu para para o conhecimento da prevalência da giardíase e da ancilostomose em crianças da Guiné-Bissau, e a sua relação com a desnutrição aguda.
Intestinal parasites (helminths and protozoan) represent a serious public health problem in developing countries. The morbidity caused by these pathogens is most often associated with malnutrition, resulting in shortcomings in physical and cognitive development of the child population, usually the most affected. The main mechanisms of transmission of intestinal parasites are related to inadequate personal hygiene and domestic, and with sources of contamination. The aim was to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites and its relation to nutritional status in 117 children aged 0 to 15 years in a rural community in Bafatá, a region inside of Guinea-Bissau. The techniques applied, in samples of feces, was the morphological identification of species by microscopic observation and molecular identification of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii. The stool examination revealed a prevalence of 60.7% of children infected with intestinal parasites, of which 33.3% had Giardia intestinalis, 28.2% Ancylostoma spp. and only 4 cases of infection with E. histolytica. Through analysis of anthropometric indices was possible to determine the prevalence of acute malnutrition in 45.8% of children and chronic malnutrition at 58.6%. The relationship of intestinal parasites with nutritional status determined the lack of relationship to acute malnutrition, but there was a significant relationship between children infected with chronic malnutrition. The most common parasite found in children with chronic malnutrition was Ancylostoma spp. This study contributed to knowledge of the prevalence of giardiasis and hookworm in children in Guinea-Bissau, and its relationship to acute malnutrition.