Tesi: "Paradigms"

1

Marichal, Baráibar Sebastián. "Exploring through prototyping embodied interaction design developing systems for mathematics learning for children with visual impairments and without". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669191.

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In the last decades new interaction paradigms have emerged: Tangible User Interfaces, ubiquitous computing, wearable devices, mixed- reality among others. Such paradigms extended the user interface beyond the keyboard and mouse, and physical interaction has gained importance. This transformation represents a challenge-opportunity for interaction and experience designers. As a consequence, design frameworks are incorporating embodied cognition theories, getting inspiration from phenomenology and aiming to integrate body, mind and technology. This interaction design perspective is known as embodied interaction. This dissertation aims to understand how to design and implement embodied interactive systems for mathematics learning for children, including sighted children and children with visual impairments (VIs). Thus, we might capitalize technological progress into actual opportunities to better support learning. In this context, the thesis explores the development of three interactive systems for mathematics learning and the evaluation of two of them. Through this prototyping approach we discuss design implications for embodied interaction systems in learning contexts, contributing with the generation of intermediate-level knowledge. Finally, we also confirm and extend previous research in this field.
En la últimas décadas han emergido nuevos paradigmas de interacción: Interfaces de Usuario Tangibles, computación ubicua, dispositivos “vestibles”, realidad mixta entre otros. Estos paradigmas han extendido la interfaz de usuario más allá del ratón y el teclado, provocando que la interacción física ganase trascendencia. Para los diseñadores de interacción y experiencia de usuario, esta transformación representa un desafío y oportunidad al mismo tiempo. Consecuentemente, los frameworks de diseño han estado virando hacia la incorporación de teorías inspiradas en fenomenología como la cognición encarnada, buscando la integración de cuerpo, mente y tecnología. A esta perspectiva de diseño de interacción se le ha llamado interacción encarnada ( embodied interaction) . Esta tesis busca comprender cómo diseñar sistemas de interacción encarnada para el aprendizaje de matemáticas tanto para niños videntes como para niños con discapacidad visual. Entonces, seríamos capaces de capitalizar el avance tecnológico en oportunidades concretas que apoyen el aprendizaje. En este contexto, esta tesis explora el desarrollo de tres sistemas interactivos para el aprendizaje de matemáticas y la evaluación de dos de ellos. A través del desarrollo de estos prototipos, discutimos implicaciones de diseño para sistemas de interacción encarnada en contextos de aprendizaje, contribuyendo a la generación de conocimiento intermedio ( intermediate-level knowledge ). Finalmente también confirmamos y extendemos trabajos previos de investigación en este campo.
Durant les darreres dècades han aparegut nous paradigmes d'interacció: interfícies d'usuari tangibles, computació ubiqua, "wearable devices" (dispositius vestibles), o la "mixed-reality" (realitat mixta), entre d'altres. Aquests paradigmes han estès la interfície d'usuari més enllà del teclat i el ratolí, i la interacció física ha guanyat importància. Aquesta transformació representa un repte/oportunitat pels dissenyadors d'interacció i d'experiència d'usuari. A conseqüència d'això els "frameworks" de disseny estan incorporant teories d'"embodied cognition" (cognició corporal), prenent inspiració de la fenomenologia amb l'objectiu d'integrar cos, ment i tecnologia. Aquesta perspectiva de disseny d'interacció es coneix com "embodied interaction". Aquesta dissertació té l'objectiu d'entendre com dissenyar i implementar sistemes d'"embodied interaction" per l'aprenentatge de matemàtiques dels infants, incloent tant nens amb capacitats visuals intactes com aquells amb discapacitats visuals. Per tant, podríem capitalitzar el progrés tecnològic convertint-lo en oportunitats reals per millorar el suport a l'aprenentagte. En aquest context, aquesta tesis explora el desenvolupament de tres sistemes interactius d'aprenentatge matemàtic i la evaluacióde dos d'ells. Mitjançant aquesta aproximació a travès del prototipatge discutirem les implicacions dels sistemes d'"embodied interaction" en contextos d'aprenentatge, contribuint amb la generació de coneixement de nivell intermedi. Finalment, també confirmem i estenem coneixement previ en aquest mateix camp.

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2

Resnick, Kate. "Perceptual Paradigms". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/119.

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The impulse to resolve and interpret messages drives creativity and understanding. As graphic designers, we may try to communicate familiar ideas in an unfamiliar way - unfamiliar, but unique, memorable, and engaging. By utilizing the theory and practice of psychology and the cognitive processes involved in assigning influence, importance, recognition and associations with signifiers in the mind, we can strengthen visual communication. Theoretical and applied psychological techniques and models will provide the basis for an exploration and development of new methodologies and tools that will enhance the creative process for graphic designers.

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3

Twohig-Moengangongo, Cora. "Paradigms of Power". Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1994. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,342.

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4

Murphy, Christopher Eric. "Reconstructing paradigms of expression". Click here to access thesis, 2007. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2007/christopher_e_murphy/Murphy_Christopher_E_200701_mfa.pdf.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2007.
"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Fine Arts." In Art, under the direction of Patricia J. Walker. ETD. Electronic version approved: May 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38)

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5

Suthakorn, Jackrit. "Paradigms for service robotics". Available to US Hopkins community, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/308077.

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6

Hendrickson, Ryan. "Play: paradox and paradigms". Thesis, Boston University, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27673.

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7

Gerges, Mina. "Paradigms in Social Media Studies". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263207.

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The aim of this project is to study the level of paradigm development in the domain of social media studies. Based on the works of Kuhn (1970), Pfeffer (1993), and Thompson and Tuden (1959), the level of paradigm development was defined as the degree of consensus regarding: research topics, methods, and theories used in a given field of study. A sample of social media research articles was studied to analyze the level paradigm development within this domain of study. The sample consisted of a group of social media research articles that were published in the top ten journals of communication studies in the last five years. Content analysis methodology was used to analyze the research articles and clusters analysis was utilized in order to investigate the level of paradigm development in this field of study. The analysis confirmed the lack of consensus in the social sciences (Pfeffer, 1993). The level of agreement regarding research methods, theoretical concepts, and research topics used in social media studies was quite low. The lack of consensus in this new domain of study may be explained by two factors. Social media as an academic field is still in its infancy (Van Osch and Coursaris, 2014), and thus it lacks of a shared body of theoretical knowledge that can be used to analyze the phenomenon of social media (Van Osch and Coursaris, 2014; Chong and Xie, 2011; and Khang, Ki, and Ye, 2012). In conclusion, this project suggests that social media studies should aim to develop a high level of paradigm development, since academic fields with high levels of consensus are better organized, have fewer power conflicts, and get more funding (Beyer and Lodhl, 1976; Pfeffer, 1993).

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8

Stanford-Clark, Andrew J. "Parallel paradigms and their implementation". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292651.

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9

Dowlen, Chris. "Design paradigms in car history". Thesis, London South Bank University, 2017. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1125/.

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The purpose of this research into Design Paradigms in Car History is to evaluate how production car design has changed over the last hundred and twenty-five years or so, using numerical analyses of specific cars, which act as exemplars. This evaluation should lead to a better understanding of car design history and how car designers think. Design thinking can be evidenced from how products have changed over the course of time. Design paradigms have been used to produce a structured analysis of these products (cars) to develop a more holistic understanding of design history than may be available from a purely narrative approach. The research sought to answer some basic questions, including what are design paradigms, when did specific ones appear, and when, why and how quickly did they change? A positivist, quantitative analysis was carried out, analysing over 500 cars from 1878 to 2013 for layout and form design, using a categorical principal components analysis. Timelines and maps were produced identifying paradigms, changes and timescales. A complementary qualitative approach was taken, interviewing car experts – historians, designers, industry leaders and enthusiasts – to identify their constructs on car history and design. Methods used included affinity diagrams and a novel use of repertory grids. Car design paradigms were identified from static layout variables, from about 1904 to 1934, from the mid-1970s onwards, and less pronounced from the late 1930s to the 1980s. These show tight clustering of features. Stepwise changes tend to occur between paradigms. Form changes more smoothly, but still indicates likely dates and paradigmatic thinking. Constructivist analysis identified further wide-ranging paradigms, including societal changes, technology, political and economics. The main conclusion of this research was that design paradigms not only exist, but they can also be measured and this measurement can improve historical understanding. This finding will benefit not only those interested in cars and their history, e.g.museum curators and those training future designers, but also other researchers, who could use a combination of both analytical and constructivist processes, in particular repertory grids, to develop their subject thinking and understanding of historical processes.

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10

Chiew, Angela. "Changing paradigms of paracetamol poisoning". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23382.

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The overall objective of this thesis was to identify and examine areas for improvement in the management of paracetamol poisoning. Paracetamol is one of the commonest drugs taken in overdose in Australia and a common cause of acute liver injury in Western countries. Management of paracetamol poisoning includes assessment for the need of antidote (acetylcysteine) administration and decontamination in patients at risk of toxicity. Management in most follows standard guidelines and in those receiving early acetylcysteine are at very low risk of developing acute liver injury. However, circumstances were arising when some patients were developing acute liver injury despite early acetylcysteine. In this thesis we firstly review the evidence for the current assessment and treatment of paracetamol poisoning and identified risk factors associated with treatment failure. This allowed us to identify and examine those patient groups that were at higher risk of acute liver injury with standard treatment protocols such as massive and modified-release paracetamol overdose. However, these cases were uncommon so a means to recruit these patients from many centres was required. The Australian Toxicology Monitoring study (ATOM) is a prospective observational study that recruits patients from calls to two poisons information centres and five clinical toxicology units. An arm of ATOM the Australian Paracetamol Project (APP) recruited an enriched dataset of problematic paracetamol poisoning. From APP three studies form a part of this thesis. ATOM-2 investigated massive immediate-release paracetamol ingestion and found increased acetylcysteine dose and early decontamination decreases the risk of liver injury. ATOM-3 investigated modified-release paracetamol ingestion and found many required prolonged treatment and some developed liver injury despite early acetylcysteine treatment. The results of these studies subsequently resulted in change to the national guidelines for the management of these patients. ATOM-5 examined a new biomarker paracetamol-protein adducts and showed that it can be used to stratify patients at low and high risk of acute liver injury. This thesis shows that recruitment of patients from many centres can be performed to examine uncommon and problematic overdoses.

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Marinho, Jefferson Roberto de Oliveira. "A etnopedologia e o olhar transdisciplinar sobre o papel da ciÃncia do solo para o desenvolvimento rural do semiÃrido brasileiro". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11144.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior
A efetividade das polÃticas de combate Ã desertificaÃÃo e de convivÃncia com o semiÃrido requer a constante participaÃÃo dos atores sociais envolvidos com a temÃtica (PAE-CE, 2010). Sem a participaÃÃo dos atores sociais afetados direta ou indiretamente pelos efeitos da seca, nÃo hÃ possibilidade de sucesso das medidas de combate Ã desertificaÃÃo. Esta participaÃÃo deve se dar em vÃrias esferas, desde a formulaÃÃo das polÃticas atÃ sua implementaÃÃo. Os projetos construÃdos de modo participativo podem se dar em diversas frentes. O presente trabalho enfatiza o potencial da Etnopedologia como metodologia participativa de levantamento dos solos. Este campo interdisciplinar oferece uma metodologia adequada para mapeamentos dos solos em Ãreas ocupadas por comunidades rurais, ressaltando o refinado conhecimento que os camponeses tÃm sobre as terras das quais dependem para seu sustento. Este trabalho realiza levantamento de solos que parte do diÃlogo entre os saberes cientificamente consolidados pela ciÃncia do solo e aqueles pertencentes aos membros do Assentamento Angicos. Para tanto, recorreu-se- a levantamentos etnogrÃficos, que, atravÃs de entrevistas, observaÃÃo participante, expediÃÃes Ãs Ãreas cultivadas, permitiu a elaboraÃÃo de mapas com a visualizaÃÃo dos solos do Assentamento. O agricultores de Angicos possuem seu prÃprio sistema de classificaÃÃo de terras, que sÃo classificadas da seguinte forma: â Barro Vermelho/CrÃa â Barro branco â Terra Arisca/Areiusco â MassapÃ Dentre os tipos de terras citados, os mais importantes do ponto de vista agrÃcola sÃo o Areiusco e o barro Vermelho, onde sÃo produzidos, respectivamente, feijÃo e milho. O conhecimento dos solos do Assentamento Angicos pelos agricultores que ali vivem estÃ intimamente ligado Ã estruturaÃÃo econÃmica desta comunidade, havendo assim, uma co-evoluÃÃo entre os seres humanos e a paisagem, condicionando as formas de organizaÃÃo sÃcio-espaciais, tema central deste relato.
The effectiveness of policies to combat desertification and coexistence with the semiarid requires constant participation of social actors involved in the issue (PAE-CE, 2010). Without the participation of the social actors directly or indirectly affected by the effects of drought, there is no possibility of success of measures to combat desertification. This participation should occur at various levels, from policy formulation to implementation. Projects constructed in a participatory manner can give on several fronts. This study emphasizes the potential of participatory methodology ethnopedology as lifting soil. This interdisciplinary field provides an appropriate methodology for mapping of soils in areas occupied by rural communities, highlighting the refined knowledge that farmers have on the land on which they depend for their livelihood. This paper conducts soil surveys that part of the dialogue between the scientific knowledge consolidated by soil science and those belonging to members of the Settlement Angicos. Therefore, we used it to ethnographic surveys, which, through interviews, participant observation, expeditions to cultivated areas, allowed the elaboration of maps with visualization of soil settlement. The farmers Angicos have their own system of land classification, which are classified as follows: â Barro vermelho / Croa â Barro Branco â Areiusco â MassapÃ Among the types of land mentioned, the most important agricultural point of view are Areiusco and red clay, where they are produced, respectively, beans and corn. Knowledge of soils Angicos settlement by farmers who live there are closely linked to economic structuring this community, so there is a co-evolution between humans and the landscape, affecting forms of socio-spatial organization, the central theme of this report.

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12

Mateu, Meseguer Víctor. "New approaches for electronic voting paradigms". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378641.

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La democràcia es el sistema de govern més utilitzat al món. No obstant, en un món cada vegada més globalitzat, la idea de mobilitzar la gent per votar en un col·legi electoral gestionat per persones resulta antiquada tot i ser la implementació més comú en l'actualitat. Millorar aquesta situació mitjançant l'ús de les tecnologies de la informació sembla una evolució òbvia i molt demanada però, malgrat l'existència d'algunes implementacions en entorns reals, encara no ha estat utilitzada excepte en comptades ocasions. Obrir la porta d'unes eleccions a les tecnologies de la informació implica l'obertura dels protocols de votació a un nou conjunt d'atacs contra aquests. Tenint en compte els requisits d'una elecció: privacitat del votant i integritat de l'elecció, les solucions actuals passen per implementar l'elecció seguint un dels tres paradigmes de vot segurs: barreja de vots, recompte homomòrfic o signatura cega. En aquesta tesi, es proposen nous protocols per als diferents paradigmes. La primera proposta consisteix en un sistema de vot que, basant-se en una informació redundant enviada pel votant, és capaç de realitzar una barreja de vots amb cost negligible incrementant lleugerament el cost del recompte. Per al paradigma de recompte homomòrfic, es proposa una prova de validesa del vot basada en les proves utilitzades per demostrar la correctesa en sistemes amb barreja de vots. Aquesta solució permet utilitzar les millores realitzades sobre el paradigma de barreja de vots per al seu ús en el paradigma de recompte homomòrfic. Finalment, es plantegen dues solucions per a eleccions del paradigma de signatura cega. La primera utilitza credencials generades amb signatura cega per permetre als votants vàlids enviar el seu vot sense que es conegui la seva identitat. La segona resol el problema del vot doble en aquest paradigma mitjan cant una construcció que utilitza un sistema de moneda electrònica off-line.
La democracia es el sistema de gobierno más usado en el mundo. No obstante, en un mundo cada vez más globalizado, la idea de movilizar a la gente para votar en un colegio electoral gestionado por personas resulta anticuada a pesar de ser la implementación más común en la actualidad. Mejorar esta situación mediante el uso de las tecnologías de la información parece una evolución obvia y muy solicitada pero, a pesar de unas pocas adaptaciones, aún no ha sido usada salvo en escasas ocasiones. Abrir la puerta de unas elecciones a las tecnologías de la información lleva implícita la apertura de los protocolos de voto a un nuevo conjunto de ataques contra estos. Teniendo en cuenta los requisitos de una elección: privacidad del votante e integridad de la elección, las soluciones actuales pasan por implementar la elección siguiendo uno de los tres paradigmas de voto seguros: mezcla de votos, recuento homomórfico o firma ciega. En esta tesis, se proponen nuevos protocolos para los distintos paradigmas. La primera propuesta consiste en un sistema de voto bajo el paradigma de mezcla de votos que, basándose en una información redundante enviada por el votante, es capaz de realizar una mezcla de votos con un coste negligible incrementando ligeramente el coste del recuento. Para el paradigma de recuento homomórfico, se propone una prueba para verificar que el voto es válido basada en las pruebas de correctitud en sistemas con mezcla de votos. Esta solución permite usar las mejoras realizadas en el paradigma de mezcla de votos para su uso en el paradigma de recuento homomórfico. Finalmente, se proponen dos nuevos protocolos del paradigma de firma ciega. El primero utiliza credenciales generadas con firma ciega para permitir a votantes válidos enviar su voto sin que se conozca su identidad. El segundo resuelve el problema del voto doble en el paradigma de firma ciega mediante una construcción que utiliza un sistema de moneda electrónica off-line.
Democracy is the most established government system in the world. However, in an increasingly globalized world, the idea of requiring people to move in order to cast their vote in the polling station seems outdated, even though it is, nowadays, the most common implementation. An obvious and widely demanded evolution is to improve the election framework by enabling the use of information technologies. Nevertheless, this solution has been implemented few times in real environment elections and the global success of these solutions have been called into question. The use of information technologies in voting protocols improves the quality of the election but, at the same time, it also opens up the voting protocols to new threats. Keeping this attacks in mind and given the election requirements: voter's privacy and election's integrity, the solutions proposed up to date are to implement one of the three secure voting paradigms: mixtype based, homomorphic tally, and blind signature. In this thesis, we present new protocols for the di erent paradigms. Our rst proposal, based on the mix-type paradigm, consists in a voting protocol which is able to perform the ballot mix with negligible cost but slightly increasing the tally cost. The proposed protocol makes use of a proper vote generation based on sending secret redundant information with the ballot when it is cast. For the homomorphic tally paradigm, we propose a zero knowledge proof of correctness of the ballot based on the proofs used to demonstrate the correctness of a shu e in the mix-type paradigm. This protocol makes possible to use the improvements on the shu e correctness proofs in the homomorphic tally paradigm. Finally, two di erent protocols are also proposed for the blind signature paradigm. The rst one uses credentials generated by means of a blind signature which allow eligible voters to cast their vote without leaking information about their identity. The second one is focused on solving the double voting problem in this paradigm. The protocol proposed uses o -line e-coin systems to provide anonymity disclosure in case of double voting.

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13

Seidl, Andreas. "Cylindrical decomposition under application-oriented paradigms". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98224505X.

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14

Dignam, Darcy J. "Paradigms glossed, the contextualization of ethnography". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0008/MQ29984.pdf.

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15

Reid, Derick. "The school library and shifting paradigms". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/MQ36171.pdf.

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16

黎永亮 e Wing-leung Lai. "New marketing paradigms in pharmaceutical industry". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267257.

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17

Kalandarishvili-Mueller, Natia. "Occupation law and paradigms of control". Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21416/.

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This thesis analyses the notion of control in the law of military occupation. It addresses the following research question: what does control denote and what are its implications for military occupation? More specifically, it demonstrates that in present-day occupations, control as such occurs in different forms and variations. The polymorphic features of occupation can be seen in the way states establish control over territory either directly or indirectly, and in the manner in which they retain, relinquish or regain it. The thesis also evidences that control found in Geneva Convention IV 1949 affords the most favourable and practicable protection to civilians and comes forward with a very adaptable application with the view of enhancing and reinforcing the protection of civilians. The thesis encompasses five chapters. Chapter I deals with control in general international law, revealing that different forms of control are used by different branches of international law for different purposes. Chapter II offers a clear test for establishing control over territory for the purposes of military occupation in International Humanitarian Law. Chapter III untangles the concept of indirect effective control, which gives rise to situations of military occupation by an intermediary. Chapter IV deals with relinquishing control over territory, thus establishing a test for occupation ending, determining the end of occupation to be at variance with assessing its beginning. Finally, Chapter V analyses the effect of control on a state’s substantive obligations both under International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law.

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18

Rothblum, Guy N. "Delegating computation reliably : paradigms and constructions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54637.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-297).
In an emerging computing paradigm, computational capabilities, from processing power to storage capacities, are offered to users over communication networks as a service. This new paradigm holds enormous promise for increasing the utility of computationally weak devices. A natural approach is for weak devices to delegate expensive tasks, such as storing a large file or running a complex computation, to more powerful entities (say servers) connected to the same network. While the delegation approach seems promising, it raises an immediate concern: when and how can a weak device verify that a computational task was completed correctly? This practically motivated question touches on foundational questions in cryptography and complexity theory. The focus of this thesis is verifying the correctness of delegated computations. We construct efficient protocols (interactive proofs) for delegating computational tasks. In particular, we present: e A protocol for delegating any computation, where the work needed to verify the correctness of the output is linear in the input length, polynomial in the computation's depth, and only poly-logarithmic in the computation's size. The space needed for verification is only logarithmic in the computation size. Thus, for any computation of polynomial size and poly-logarithmic depth (the rich complexity class N/C), the work required to verify the correctness of the output is only quasi-linear in the input length. The work required to prove the output's correctness is only polynomial in the original computation's size. This protocol also has applications to constructing one-round arguments for delegating computation, and efficient zero-knowledge proofs. * A general transformation, reducing the parallel running time (or computation depth) of the verifier in protocols for delegating computation (interactive proofs) to be constant. Next, we explore the power of the delegation paradigm in settings where mutually distrustful parties interact. In particular, we consider the settings of checking the correctness of computer programs and of designing error-correcting codes. We show: * A new methodology for checking the correctness of programs (program checking), in which work is delegated from the program checker to the untrusted program being checked. Using this methodology we obtain program checkers for an entire complexity class (the class of N/C¹-computations that are WNC-hard), and for a slew of specific functions such as matrix multiplication, inversion, determinant and rank, as well as graph functions such as connectivity, perfect matching and bounded-degree graph isomorphism. * A methodology for designing error-correcting codes with efficient decoding procedures, in which work is delegated from the decoder to the encoder. We use this methodology to obtain constant-depth (AC⁰) locally decodable and locally-list decodable codes. We also show that the parameters of these codes are optimal (up to polynomial factors) for constant-depth decoding.
by Guy N. Rothblum.
Ph.D.

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Van, Huyssteen Salomon Stephanus. "Parallel paradigms in optimal structural design". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18017.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Modern-day processors are not getting any faster. Due to the power consumption limit of frequency scaling, parallel processing is increasingly being used to decrease computation time. In this thesis, several parallel paradigms are used to improve the performance of commonly serial SAO programs. Four novelties are discussed: First, replacing double precision solvers with single precision solvers. This is attempted in order to take advantage of the anticipated factor 2 speed increase that single precision computations have over that of double precision computations. However, single precision routines present unpredictable performance characteristics and struggle to converge to required accuracies, which is unfavourable for optimization solvers. Second, QP and dual are statements pitted against one another in a parallel environment. This is done because it is not always easy to see which is best a priori. Therefore both are started in parallel and the competing threads are cancelled as soon as one returns a valid point. Parallel QP vs. dual statements prove to be very attractive, converging within the minimum number of outer iterations. The most appropriate solver is selected as the problem properties change during the iteration steps. Thread cancellation poses problems caused by threads having to wait to arrive at appropriate checkpoints, thus su ering from unnecessarily long wait times because of struggling competing routines. Third, multiple global searches are started in parallel on a shared memory system. Problems see a speed increase of nearly 4x for all problems. Dynamically scheduled threads alleviate the need for set thread amounts, as in message passing implementations. Lastly, the replacement of existing matrix-vector multiplication routines with optimized BLAS routines, especially BLAS routines targeted at GPGPU technologies (graphics processing units), proves to be superior when solving large matrix-vector products in an iterative environment. These problems scale well within the hardware capabilities and speedups of up to 36x are recorded.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hedendaagse verwerkers word nie vinniger nie as gevolg van kragverbruikingslimiet soos die verwerkerfrekwensie op-skaal. Parallelle prosesseering word dus meer dikwels gebruik om berekeningstyd te laat daal. Verskeie parallelle paradigmas word gebruik om die prestasie van algemeen sekwensiële optimeringsprogramme te verbeter. Vier ontwikkelinge word bespreek: Eerste, is die vervanging van dubbel presisie roetines met enkel presisie roetines. Dit poog om voordeel te trek uit die faktor 2 spoed verbetering wat enkele presisie berekeninge het oor dubbel presisie berekeninge. Enkele presisie roetines is onvoorspelbaar en sukkel in meeste gevalle om die korrekte akkuraatheid te vind. Tweedens word QP teen duale algoritmes in ’n parallel omgewing gebruik. Omdat dit nie altyd voor die tyd maklik is om te sien watter een die beste gaan presteer nie, word almal in parallel begin en die mededingers word dan gekanselleer sodra een terugkeer met ’n geldige KKT punt. Parallele QP teen duale algoritmes blyk om baie aantreklik te wees. Konvergensie gebeur in alle gevalle binne die minimum aantal iterasies. Die mees geskikte algoritme word op elke iterasie gebruik soos die probleem eienskappe verander gedurende die iterasie stappe. “Thread” kanseleering hou probleme in en word veroorsaak deur “threads” wat moet wag om die kontrolepunte te bereik, dus ly die beste roetines onnodig as gevolg van meededinger roetines was sukkel. Derdens, verskeie globale optimerings word in parallel op ’n “shared memory” stelsel begin. Probleme bekom ’n spoed verhoging van byna vier maal vir alle probleme. Dinamiese geskeduleerde “threads” verlig die behoefte aan voorafbepaalde “threads” soos gebruik word in die “message passing” implementerings. Laastens is die vervanging van die bestaande matriks-vektor vermenigvuldiging roetines met geoptimeerde BLAS roetines, veral BLAS roetines wat gerig is op GPGPU tegnologië. Die GPU roetines bewys om superieur te wees wanneer die oplossing van groot matrix-vektor produkte in ’n iteratiewe omgewing gebruik word. Hierdie probleme skaal ook goed binne die hardeware se vermoëns, vir die grootste probleme wat getoets word, word ’n versnelling van 36 maal bereik.

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20

Oliveiro, Mark 1983. "Compositional approaches within new media paradigms". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849618/.

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"Compositional Approaches to New Media Paradigms" is the discursive accompaniment to the original composition BoMoH, (a new media chamber opera. A variety of new media concepts and practices are discussed in relation to their use as a contemporary compositional methodology for computer musicians and digital content producers. This paper aligns relevant discourse with a variety of concepts as they influence and affect the compositional process. This paper does not propose a new working method; rather it draws attention to a contemporary interdisciplinary practice that facilitates new possibilities for engagement and aesthetics in digital art/music. Finally, in demonstrating a selection of the design principals, from a variety of new media theories of interest, in compositional structure and concept, it is my hope to provide composers and computer musicians with a tested resource that will function as a helpful set of working guidelines for producing new media enabled art, sonic or otherwise.

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21

Lai, Wing-leung. "New marketing paradigms in pharmaceutical industry /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18156368.

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22

Villeneuve, Pat. "Contending art education paradigms and professionalization". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185997.

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In 1982, the Getty Center for Education in the Arts, an operating entity of a private foundation, began to promote discipline-based art education (DBAE), a newly-articulated paradigm that had evolved within the art education field over the previous twenty years. The new paradigm, which advocated balanced and sequential instruction in aesthetics, criticism, art history, and studio production across the grades, contrasted sharply with traditional practice that focused on the student's innate creativity and expressiveness. A controversy ensued as the Getty Center and the National Art Education Association, the field's professional affiliation, each tried to advance a definition of art education practice. Rather than focusing on the contentious paradigms, this dissertation considers the Getty Center's activities on behalf of DBAE as an instance of professional challenge. Working from the sociological literature on professions and using a time series of selected Getty and NAEA documents published between 1985 and 1989, this study examines the dialectic between the Getty and the art education field and NAEA as each tries to garner sufficient legitimacy to establish its prescribed form of art education practice. The dissertation offers a new perspective for the art education field and refines professionalization literature by describing the process of professional challenge.

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23

REBUFELLO, ENRICO. "Developing new paradigms for quantum measurements". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2875749.

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24

Szulecka, Julia. "Changing Paradigms in a Changing Climate". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-188777.

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Die vorliegende Studie analysiert die Politische Ökonomie von Forstplantagen in den Tropen. Die Analyse der Makroebene zeigt dabei eine globale Perspektive auf, sowie historische Veränderungen von Paradigmen in Bezug zu Waldplantagen. Der zweite Teil der Studie analysierte Plantagen auf der Mikro-Ebene im Hinblick auf divergente geographischen Zusammenhänge, nämlich Paraguay und Indonesien. Fallstudien eignen sich hierbei, um ein vielfältiges Spektrum von Waldplantagen darzustellen, sowie Beispiele für die in der Makroebene abgeleiteten Paradigmen zu illustrieren. Abschließend verbindet die Studie die Entwicklungen der Makro-Ebene mit Belegen aus der Mikro-Analyse. Hierauf ableitend werden Empfehlungen für die Anlage zukünftiger Plantagen getätigt. Die Methodik wurde den Untersuchungsebenen in einem iterativen Prozess angepasst. Der Umfang variiert dabei von Makro- bis Mikroanalysen, sowie vom theoretischen bis zum empirischen Niveau. Auf der Makroebene wurde eine Politische-Ökonomie-Analyse und eine Untersuchung desrelevanten historischen Materials durchgeführt. Weiterhin wurden Plantagen Paradigmen anhand ausgewählter Indikatoren abgegrenzt. Für die Mikroebene wurden Fallstudien mit lokalen Interviews durchgeführt, welche Daten für eine Mehrkriterienanalyse (MCA) lieferten. Die Kombination der Mikro- und Makroanalyse erfolgte durch eine Korrelationsanalyse und wurde durch eine Diskussion abgerundet. Das Forschungsergebnis aus der globalen Analyse ist eine Typologie von sechs Paradigmen und deren Untervarianten, welche als theoretisches und analytisches Werkzeug in der Forschung zu Plantagen dienen können. Die Paradigmen wurden klassifiziert als: i) das vorindustrielle P.; ii) das kolonial industrielle und national industrielle; iii) das Schutzparadigma; iv) das soziale P.; v) das neo-liberale und modifiziert neoliberale P. und vi) das globalpolitische Paradigma. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudien und MCA zeigen zum einen sichtbare Mängel in Plantagen unter verschiedenen Paradigmen auf und unterstreichen zum anderen positive Effekte bestimmter Paradigmen. Die MCA Bewertungspunkte zeigen zum Beispiel, dass manche Paradigmen mit dem Kriterium Landkonflikt korrelieren, oder präsentieren unterschiedliche lokale Beteiligung auf verschiedenen Plantagen, illustrieren Vorteile, die Plantagen für unterschiedliche Interessengruppen bringen. Die MCA bewertet weiter die Wirtschaftsleistung der Plantagen und vergleicht Faktoren, wie Nutzenverteilung, Rentabilität, Marktzugang und Rahmenbedingungen für Investitionen. Sie analysiert soziale Faktoren, wie Arbeitssicherheit, Zugang zu Dienstleistungen, Beteiligung oder Personalmanagement. Weiterhin werden Umweltprobleme durch die Studie aufgegriffen, z.B. Landnutzungsänderungen, Wasser- oder Boden- Auswirkungen, Lebensraumfunktion usw. Wie die vergleichende Analyse zeigt, ist die modifizierte Neoliberale Paradigma Plantage (Outgrower-Scheme) besonders geeignet, um sowohl soziale als auch wirtschaftliche Vorteile zu sichern (90 % und 84 % in den entsprechenden Feldern gegenüber dem hypothetischen Idealtyp Plantage). Andere Forschungsergebnisse deuten auf wichtige Erkenntnisse bei der Plantagenentwicklung hin, die auf der Plantagen-Ebene und bei der Gestaltung nationaler Rahmenbedingungen für den Plantagensektor berücksichtigt werden sollten. Handlungsempfehlungen für die forstwirtschaftliche, epistemische Gemeinschaft zur Gestaltung der weiteren Diskurse in Bezug auf globalen Plantagen werden ebenfalls diskutiert.

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25

Gonçalves, Maria Lopes Facó Estermínio. "DSMs e depressão: dos sujeitos singulares aos transtornos universais". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5026.

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Este estudo tenciona discutir o problema da conceituação das doenças mentais, a partir dos DSMs e dos diferentes paradigmas que os embasaram. O DSM (manual estatístico e diagnóstico de transtornos mentais) é um manual, de influência internacional, para profissionais da saúde mental, que lista diferentes categorias de transtornos mentais, de acordo com a Associação Psiquiátrica Norte-Americana. Desde a sua primeira publicação, em 1952, já foi submetido a cinco revisões (DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, DSM IV e DSM IVTR). Escolhemos a categoria diagnóstica da depressão, objetivando realizar um rastreamento conceitual, desde o DSM II - modelo até então marcado pela psicanálise, depois ressaltando o DSM III, que, em 1980, promove uma mudança de paradigma no conhecimento psiquiátrico, ao apresentar um modelo que se propõe descritivo e ateórico até o DSM IV-TR. Dessa perspectiva, são assinaladas algumas considerações e pontos de discussão entre a chamada psiquiatria biológica e a psicanálise, no que diz respeito às suas respectivas influências na forma de entender o diagnóstico psiquiátrico, enfatizando a categoria diagnóstica da depressão.
This study intends to discuss the issue of categorizing mental disorders, considering DSMs and its paradigms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM) is a handbook, used worldwide, for mental professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder, according to the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM has gone through five revisions (DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, DSM IV e DSM IV- TR) since it was first published in 1952. Electing the concept of depression, this study analyses its diagnosis criteria from DSM II, a psychoanalytic influenced manual to DSM IV-TR, with an emphasis upon DSM III which, in 1980, represents a turning point in psychiatric paradigms, intending to be not theoretical and descriptive. From this perspective, the intention is to outline some considerations and discussions between the so-called biological psychiatric and the psychoanalytic theory, according to its influences in the psychiatric diagnosis understanding, emphasizing the category of depression.

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26

Ram, Parikshit. "New paradigms for approximate nearest-neighbor search". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49112.

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Nearest-neighbor search is a very natural and universal problem in computer science. Often times, the problem size necessitates approximation. In this thesis, I present new paradigms for nearest-neighbor search (along with new algorithms and theory in these paradigms) that make nearest-neighbor search more usable and accurate. First, I consider a new notion of search error, the rank error, for an approximate neighbor candidate. Rank error corresponds to the number of possible candidates which are better than the approximate neighbor candidate. I motivate this notion of error and present new efficient algorithms that return approximate neighbors with rank error no more than a user specified amount. Then I focus on approximate search in a scenario where the user does not specify the tolerable search error (error constraint); instead the user specifies the amount of time available for search (time constraint). After differentiating between these two scenarios, I present some simple algorithms for time constrained search with provable performance guarantees. I use this theory to motivate a new space-partitioning data structure, the max-margin tree, for improved search performance in the time constrained setting. Finally, I consider the scenario where we do not require our objects to have an explicit fixed-length representation (vector data). This allows us to search with a large class of objects which include images, documents, graphs, strings, time series and natural language. For nearest-neighbor search in this general setting, I present a provably fast novel exact search algorithm. I also discuss the empirical performance of all the presented algorithms on real data.

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27

Jackson, Roy Ahmad. "A Nietzschean approach to key Islamic paradigms". Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269097.

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28

McNeill, Fergus. "Changing paradigms in criminal justice social work". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443195.

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29

Montgomery, James Edward. "A reconsideration of some Jahili poetic paradigms". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1850/.

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The Jahili poets esteemed verity as opposed to verisimilitude as their principal aesthetic criterion. I have long been convinced of this. This thesis represents an attempt to enucleate several features of their verse by drawing on various spheres of knowledge, acquaintance with which is fundamental to a proper appreciation of the pre-Islamic qad sidah as poetry. My concern has been with matters zoological, philological, literary and socio-historical. It is a critical shibboleth (both occidental and oriental) that the ancients Arabs were unlettered; yet writing looms large in their verse. It is a modern datum that Jahili verse is oral poetry; yet this is not the only explantion for the recurrence of conventional phraseology and expression. Chapter One is a preliminary incursus into an investigation of writing among the early Arabs. It is also a study of the literary development of a nexus of topical comparisons, viz. the deserted encampment. A socio-historical interpretation of the shift in emphasis perceptible in these comparisons is offered, conjoined with the suggestion that the phenomenon of the `Bedouin is an incremental paradigm, the presence of which is less distinct in early Jahili verse than has been supposed. Extended similes in which a camel is compared with an oryx bull or doe or a wild ass have tended to be neglected by scholars, who rely on an, at times but poorly formed, subjective impression, referring to the stylized or mannered nature of the tableaux. I have tried to demonstrate that, although in their several features narrative consuetude is discernible, a proper understanding of the vignettes depends largely on the given poetic context. The ethology and ecology of the ass and the oryx have been studied in order to shed light on their poetical manifestations: verse has proved to be consistent with science. Chapter 4 sets forth a comparison of the parodical style of Arkhilokhos of Paros and al-N=abighah of the tribe of Dhuby=an, to which an instance of parody from the Middle English alliterative tradition has been appended.

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30

O'Brien, Martin. "Changing management paradigms and the Benefits Agency". Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395171.

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31

Buckley, Dave. "New Monitoring Paradigms for Modern Avionics Buses". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579530.

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ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV
In modern aircraft there is a proliferation of avionics buses. Some of these buses use industry wide standards such as ARINC 429 or AFDX while others are based on proprietary protocols. For many of the newer bus types there can be thousands of parameters on each bus. In a distributed data acquisition system the flight test engineer needs to record all of the data from each bus and monitor selected parameters in real time. There are numerous different approaches to acquiring, transmitting and recording data from avionics buses. In modern FTI there is also a proliferation of standards for recording and transmission including IRIG 106 Chapter 10, iNET and IENA. In this paper some common approaches to bus monitoring are compared and contrasted for popular buses such as ARINC 429, AFDX and Time Triggered Protocol. For each bus type the best approach is selected for reliable acquisition, speed of configuration, low latency telemetry and compact recording which is optimized for playback.

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32

Koukos, Konstantinos. "Efficient Execution Paradigms for Parallel Heterogeneous Architectures". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300831.

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This thesis proposes novel, efficient execution-paradigms for parallel heterogeneous architectures. The end of Dennard scaling is threatening the effectiveness of DVFS in future nodes; therefore, new execution paradigms are required to exploit the non-linear relationship between performance and energy efficiency of memory-bound application-regions. To attack this problem, we propose the decoupled access-execute (DAE) paradigm. DAE transforms regions of interest (at program-level) in two coarse-grain phases: the access-phase and the execute-phase, which we can independently DVFS. The access-phase is intended to prefetch the data in the cache, and is therefore expected to be predominantly memory-bound, while the execute-phase runs immediately after the access-phase (that has warmed-up the cache) and is therefore expected to be compute-bound. DAE, achieves good energy savings (on average 25% lower EDP) without performance degradation, as opposed to other DVFS techniques. Furthermore, DAE increases the memory level parallelism (MLP) of memory-bound regions, which results in performance improvements of memory-bound applications. To automatically transform application-regions to DAE, we propose compiler techniques to automatically generate and incorporate the access-phase(s) in the application. Our work targets affine, non-affine, and even complex, general-purpose codes. Furthermore, we explore the benefits of software multi-versioning to optimize DAE in dynamic environments, and handle codes with statically unknown access-phase overheads. In general, applications automatically-transformed to DAE by our compiler, maintain (or even exceed in some cases) the good performance and energy efficiency of manually-optimized DAE codes. Finally, to ease the programming environment of heterogeneous systems (with integrated GPUs), we propose a novel system-architecture that provides unified virtual memory with low overhead. The underlying insight behind our work is that existing data-parallel programming models are a good fit for relaxed memory consistency models (e.g., the heterogeneous race-free model). This allows us to simplify the coherency protocol between the CPU – GPU, as well as the GPU memory management unit. On average, we achieve 45% speedup and 45% lower EDP over the corresponding SC implementation.

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33

Shams, Shafigh A. (Alireza). "New networking paradigms for future wireless networks". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218373.

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Abstract With the current technological advancements, stage is being set for new ultra-responsive and robust 5G-enabled applications (e.g., virtual reality, Tactile Internet,…) to deliver critical real-time traffic. The emergence of such critical applications requires new networking models that can handle more connected devices with super high reliability and low latency communications. In the view of these research challenges, this thesis aims to propose new techno-economic models and networking paradigms needed in the redesign of wireless network architectures and protocols to support the connectivity requirements by which operators and users effectively benefit from new opportunities introduced by 5G-enabled applications. In this thesis, new paradigms in wireless network access are presented and analyzed. First, dynamic network architecture (DNA) is introduced, where certain classes of wireless terminals can be turned temporarily into an access point (AP) anytime while connected to the Internet. In this concept, a framework is proposed to optimize different aspects of this architecture. Furthermore, to dynamically reconfigure an optimum topology and adjust it to the traffic variations, a new specific encoding of genetic algorithm (GA) is presented. Then, a distributed user-centric spectrum sharing is developed based on DNA networks to enable user-provided access points pervasively share the unused resources. Next, a flexible cloud-based radio access network (FRAN) is proposed to offload traffic to DNA networks in order to provide low latency communications. In the sequel of the thesis, as a new paradigm, a context-aware resource allocation scheme based on adaptive spatial beamforming and reinforcement learning is proposed. In addition, semi-cognitive radio network (SCRN) as a new spectrum sharing model is developed to improve the utility of primary and secondary owners
Tiivistelmä Nykyaikaisilla teknologisilla edistysaskeleilla mahdollistetaan uusien 5G-pohjaisien erittäin lyhyen vasteajan ja suuren luotettavuuden sovelluksien ilmestyminen kriittisen reaaliaikaisen informaation välittämiseen (esim. taktiiliset ja virtuaalitodellisuus-sovellukset). Näiden kaltaiset sovellukset vaativat uudenlaisia verkottumismalleja, jotka kykenevät käsittelemään enemmän laitteita suurella toimintavarmuudella ja matalalla latenssilla. Tämä väitöskirja ehdottaa näiden haasteiden valossa uusia teknis-taloudellisia malleja ja verkottumisparadigmoja, joita tarvitaan verkkoarkkitehtuurien ja -protokollien uudelleensuunnittelussa tulevaisuuden sovelluksien tarpeet huomioiden, joiden kautta operaattorit ja käyttäjät voivat hyödyntää tulevien 5G-sovelluksien tuomat mahdollisuudet. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitetään ja analysoidaan uusia paradigmoja langattomaan verkkoliityntään. Ensimmäisenä esitellään dynaaminen verkkoarkkitehtuuri (dynamic network architecture, DNA), missä tietyt langattomat terminaalit voidaan väliaikaisesti muuttaa liityntäpisteiksi milloin vain internetyhteyden ollessa käytettävissä. Tämän konseptin puitteissa ehdotetaan viitekehys sen eri osa-alueiden optimoimiseksi. Tämän lisäksi esitetään uusi spesifinen geneettisen algoritmin (GA) koodaus optimaalisen topologian dynaamiseen konfigurointiin ja sen säätämiseen tietoliikenteen määrän mukaan. Tämän jälkeen esitellään kehitetty hajautettu käyttäjäkeskeinen spektrinjako, joka perustuu DNA-verkkoihin ja joka mahdollistaa käyttämättömien resurssien kokonaisvaltaisen jakamisen käyttäjien kautta. Seuraavaksi työssä ehdotetaan joustavaa pilvipalvelu-pohjaista liityntäverkkoa (flexible cloud-based radio access network, FRAN) käyttäjädatan purkamiseksi DNA-verkoille matalalatenssisen tietoliikenteen tarjoamiseksi. Edellä mainittujen menetelmien seurauksena ehdotetaan uutta paradigmaa: Kontekstiriippuvaista resurssien allokointia perustuen adaptiiviseen spatiaaliseen keilanmuodostukseen ja vahvistusoppimiseen. Näiden lisäksi kehitetään uusi spektrinjakomalli puolikognitiivisille radioverkoille (semi-cognitive radio network, SCRN) ensisijaisien ja toissijaisien käyttäjien utiliteetin parantamiseksi

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34

Hörr, Christian, Elisabeth Lindinger e Guido Brunnett. "New Paradigms for Automated Classification of Pottery". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901474.

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This paper describes how feature extraction on ancient pottery can be combined with recent developments in artificial intelligence to draw up an automated, but still flexible classification system. These features include for instance several dimensions of the vessel's body, ratios thereof, an abstract representation of the overall shape, the shape of vessel segments and the number and type of attachments such as handles, lugs and feet. While most traditional approaches to classification are based on statistical analysis or the search for fuzzy clusters in high-dimensional spaces, we apply machine learning techniques, such as decision tree algorithms and neural networks. These methods allow for an objective and reproducible classification process. Conclusions about the "typability" of data, the evolution of types and the diagnostic attributes of the types themselves can be drawn as well.

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35

Parrish, Bradley D. "Sustainability entrepreneurship : design principles, processes, and paradigms". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/347/.

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Sustainability entrepreneurship is the process of creating new enterprises that survive and thrive by contributing to human wellbeing and the functioning of ecological systems. This study is an investigation of the principles, processes, and paradigms of successful sustainability entrepreneurship. Based on a critical realist perspective, a multiple, embedded case study strategy was used to explore the unique design histories of successful sustainabilitydriven enterprises in four different regions and industries - one each in Europe, North America, East Africa, and Asia-Pacific, and in the marketing and finance, hospitality, training, and export-import-wholesaling sectors. Qualitative data consisting of interviews, documents, and observations from site visits were collected and analysed using combined comparative and narrative analyses. These methods enabled the actor logics that guided the unfolding enterprise design process to be identified and described. Institutional theory was used to educe the implications of these logics for the character and performance of emerging enterprises. The first of three principal findings of this study is a cognitive model of sustainability entrepreneurship that specifies five design principles that guide problem solving. The second principal finding is a process model of sustainability entrepreneurship that demonstrates the way these design principles and the underpinning values become embedded in the enterprises' formal and informal structures, allowing the enterprises to maintain their intended purposes and character while necessarily evolving to ensure survival into the future. The third principal outcome is the proposition that this distinct approach to enterprise design represents the emergence of a new organising paradigm that eschews the dualistic divide between'opportunistic' business and 'altruistic' charity in favour of a new logic based on the coproduction of multiple benefit streams through the perpetuation of human and natural resource quality.

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36

Kojo, Yasushi. "Rethinking methods and paradigms of ceramic chronology". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185565.

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Methods of ceramic chronology building are based on certain assumptions concerning the pattern of stylistic change in ceramics. These assumptions are, however, not necessarily identical in different methods. Also, the general applicability of the assumptions in each method is not endorsed by solid empirical observations of stylistic change in ceramics and theoretical considerations concerning processes producing stylistic change in ceramics. The inapplicability of assumptions of a method undermines the reliability of ceramic chronology created by the method. In order to evaluate the reliability of existing ceramic chronologies, (1) theoretical considerations were made concerning processes producing stylistic change in ceramics and (2) empirical observations were made concerning aspects of stylistic change in ceramics in a well-controlled archaeological setting, i.e., stylistic change of Tusayan White and Gray Wares in the American Southwest between A.D. 850 and 1150 where tree-ring dating is available as an independent means of temporal control. As a result, it was revealed that (1) substantial temporal overlap can be present in the manufacture of successive styles of ceramics, (2) continuity criteria of the typological method are not necessarily applicable to stylistic change in ceramics even in a continuous population, and (3) significantly large time lags can be present in the diffusion of manufacturing frequencies of styles even within an area in which the styles are shared. In light of these findings, the typological method cannot be accepted as a method of ceramic chronology building. Occurrence and frequency seriations are, on the other hand, acceptable methods. However, for reliable chronological seriation attention must be paid to potential errors caused by contemporaneous variation of stylistic compositions among assemblages due to time lags in diffusion and variation in generational composition of individuals who produced assemblages.

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37

Tang, Yutao. "Exploring New Paradigms for Mobile Edge Computing". W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154000.

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Edge computing has been rapidly growing in recent years to meet the surging demands from mobile apps and Internet of Things (IoT). Similar to the Cloud, edge computing provides computation, storage, data, and application services to the end-users. However, edge computing is usually deployed at the edge of the network, which can provide low-latency and high-bandwidth services for end devices. So far, edge computing is still not widely adopted. One significant challenge is that the edge computing environment is usually heterogeneous, involving various operating systems and platforms, which complicates app development and maintenance. in this dissertation, we explore to combine edge computing with virtualization techniques to provide a homogeneous environment, where edge nodes and end devices run exactly the same operating system. We develop three systems based on the homogeneous edge computing environment to improve the security and usability of end-device applications. First, we introduce vTrust, a new mobile Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), which offloads the general execution and storage of a mobile app to a nearby edge node and secures the I/O between the edge node and the mobile device with the aid of a trusted hypervisor on the mobile device. Specifically, vTrust establishes an encrypted I/O channel between the local hypervisor and the edge node, such that any sensitive data flowing through the hosted mobile OS is encrypted. Second, we present MobiPlay, a record-and-replay tool for mobile app testing. By collaborating a mobile phone with an edge node, MobiPlay can effectively record and replay all types of input data on the mobile phone without modifying the mobile operating system. to do so, MobiPlay runs the to-be-tested application on the edge node under exactly the same environment as the mobile device and allows the tester to operate the application on a mobile device. Last, we propose vRent, a new mechanism to leverage smartphone resources as edge node based on Xen virtualization and MiniOS. vRent aims to mitigate the shortage of available edge nodes. vRent enforces isolation and security by making the users' android OSes as Guest OSes and rents the resources to a third-party in the form of MiniOSes.

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38

Mottin, Davide. "Advanced Query Paradigms for the Novice User". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369092.

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Query answering is one of the most important processes in search systems, for it connects users to the information stored in data sources. A query is a set of specifications or constraints that the user provides to describe the objects of interest. As such, answering a query means retrieving those objects from the data source that match the user constraints. An answer from a search system may not fully satisfy the user. This happens if the answer does not contain the required object or it contains a number of irrelevant results. Commonly, the user does not know how to describe the query and ends up with one overly generic or specific or, even worse, she is not even aware of the correct conditions to describe the expected results. These problems are particularly evident when the database is interrogated by a novice user who, by definition, does not have sufficient technological skills to understand complicated query languages, or simply gives up if the system does not respond properly or timely. In this dissertation, we focus on three common problems in the broad query answering process to help novice users find the correct answers when the system does not provide sufficient support. First, we look at the empty answer problem, where the user provides a very specific query for which no answer exists in the database. In particular, we concentrate on interactive approaches for novice users. We end up with a rich probabilistic framework that includes user preferences and smoothly guides the user towards the most likely answers by means of simple yes/no questions on the query conditions to be discarded. Second, we analyze the information overload problem, that is complementary to the first. In this case the user provides a too generic query that returns a large set of potentially irrelevant results. We tackle the problem in structured databases, and more specifically, labeled graphs. The solution we propose returns a set of refinements (i.e., more specific queries) of the input query that, once executed, covers all the initial results. Third, we propose and study a completely novel query paradigm that assumes that the user is not able to describe the query conditions to retrieve the objects of interest. In this regard, we introduce exemplar queries, that allow the user to specify a single element in the result set and let the system infer the others. We provide clear semantics and a solution that works in large knowledge graphs. Finally, we validate the solutions for the three problems both in terms of theoretical results and experimental evaluation and we prove that the proposed methods efficiently scale up to very large real datasets.

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39

Mottin, Davide. "Advanced Query Paradigms for the Novice User". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1521/1/Mottin_PhD.pdf.

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Abstract (sommario):

Query answering is one of the most important processes in search systems, for it connects users to the information stored in data sources. A query is a set of specifications or constraints that the user provides to describe the objects of interest. As such, answering a query means retrieving those objects from the data source that match the user constraints. An answer from a search system may not fully satisfy the user. This happens if the answer does not contain the required object or it contains a number of irrelevant results. Commonly, the user does not know how to describe the query and ends up with one overly generic or specific or, even worse, she is not even aware of the correct conditions to describe the expected results. These problems are particularly evident when the database is interrogated by a novice user who, by definition, does not have sufficient technological skills to understand complicated query languages, or simply gives up if the system does not respond properly or timely. In this dissertation, we focus on three common problems in the broad query answering process to help novice users find the correct answers when the system does not provide sufficient support. First, we look at the empty answer problem, where the user provides a very specific query for which no answer exists in the database. In particular, we concentrate on interactive approaches for novice users. We end up with a rich probabilistic framework that includes user preferences and smoothly guides the user towards the most likely answers by means of simple yes/no questions on the query conditions to be discarded. Second, we analyze the information overload problem, that is complementary to the first. In this case the user provides a too generic query that returns a large set of potentially irrelevant results. We tackle the problem in structured databases, and more specifically, labeled graphs. The solution we propose returns a set of refinements (i.e., more specific queries) of the input query that, once executed, covers all the initial results. Third, we propose and study a completely novel query paradigm that assumes that the user is not able to describe the query conditions to retrieve the objects of interest. In this regard, we introduce exemplar queries, that allow the user to specify a single element in the result set and let the system infer the others. We provide clear semantics and a solution that works in large knowledge graphs. Finally, we validate the solutions for the three problems both in terms of theoretical results and experimental evaluation and we prove that the proposed methods efficiently scale up to very large real datasets.

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40

Nurchis, Maddalena. "Novel routing paradigms for wireless Mesh Networks". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2011. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/30/1/Nurchis_phdthesis.pdf.

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The increasing desire of ubiquitous Internet access has recently promoted the deployment of wireless multi-hop networks in several application domains. Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) provide significant benefits over existing wirelessmulti-hop networking paradigms, offering a suitable solution for a wide range of application scenarios, spanning frompublic safety communications to community-based networks and metro scale municipal networks. Routing design is crucial to guarantee robust communication through the mesh backbone. Traditional unicast routing has shown to be ineffective when dealing with highly variable wireless channels. One of the most critical aspects is the wire- less diversity, intended as the reception of a packet at multiple forwarders, causing collisions and interference due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. A set of innovative routing approaches has recently been proposed as a valuable alternative to classical routing, thanks to their ability to deal with the wireless diversity as an opportunity rather than a shortcoming. The primary goal of this thesis is to deeply investigate wireless diversity-based routing inWMNs, proposing novel solutions able to significantly improve WMN performance. We extensively describe the main features of this strategy and provide a classification of themost representative solutions in literature, discussing their most relevant characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Then, we focus on one of the most promising categories: Opportunistic Routing (OR). It exploits the multiple packet recipients offered by the wireless transmission to incrementally build a path, selecting the best next hop only after packet reception. Then, we propose a novel opportunistic routing algorithm, able to select at each hop the forwarders that maximize the throughput gain. In contrast to the common opportunistic approach, the proposed algorithm avoids any form of a priori constraint on route selection, fully leveraging all the transmission opportunities encountered during path construction. To improve its efficiency in multi-flow environments, we extend its routing strategy with an opportunistic packet scheduling algorithm and a prioritized channel access scheme, so as to facilitate the transmission of the packets that are traversing the paths providing higher performance gains. To ensure high performance in all the typical WMN application scenarios, we need to consider that in these environments channel quality may significantly vary in time and space, requiring a high degree of flexibility in the path construction process. Most of the existing solutions performlocal decisions (i.e. hop-by-hop) based on end-to-end principles. In contrast, we propose a novel routing algorithm that combines end-to-end with localized data, so as to adapt routing decisions to channel conditions at the time of packet transmission. This ensures higher reliability even in the most challenging application scenarios. The key factors determining opportunistic improvements are not clear yet, making hard to identify the conditions under which this paradigm outperforms classical unicast routing. Hence, we propose a novel routing architecture that relies on a configurable machine learning-based agent to properly select, at each node, the most suitable routing algorithm within a set of available solutions, according to network conditions and traffic characteristics. This solution represents a further step towards the definition of a wireless diversity-based routing paradigm able to ensure high performance in all WMN application scenarios.

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41

Biral, Andrea. "Novel Network Paradigms: Microfluidic and M2M Communications". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424683.

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The present thesis focuses on two appealing paradigms that are expected to characterize the next generation of communication systems: microfluidic networking and Machine to Machine (M2M) Communications. Concerning the former topic, we show how it is possible to introduce switching and routing mechanism in microfluidic systems. We define some simple mathematical models that capture the macroscopic behavior of droplets in microfluidic networks. Then, we use them to implement a simulator that is able to reproduce the motion and predict the path of droplets in a generic microfluidic system. We validate the simulator and apply it to design a network with bus topology. Finally, we prove the feasibility of attaining molecular communication in this domain by describing a simple protocol that exploits droplets length/interdistance modulation to send information. The research activity on M2M, instead, is aimed at the investigation of two critical issues that are expected to affect Machine-Type Communication (MTC), i.e. energy efficiency and massive access. Regarding energy efficiency, we address the problem of delivering a fixed data payload over a Rayleigh fading wireless channel with the purpose of minimizing the average total energy cost, given by the sum of the transmit energy and an overhead circuit energy, to complete it. This scenario is well suited for uplink cellular MTC in future 5G Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, where the focus is more on device energy efficiency than on throughput. We describe the optimal transmission policies to be used under various coordinated access scenarios with different levels of channel state information and transmitter/receiver capabilities, and show the corresponding theoretical bounds. In the last part of the work, we study the asymptotic performance of uncoordinated access schemes with Multi Packet Reception (MPR) and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) techniques for contention resolution at the receiver. The corresponding results in terms of throughput in a massive access M2M scenario are finally evaluated and discussed.
La presente tesi si focalizza sullo studio di due importanti paradigmi che si prevede possano caratterizzare i sistemi di comunicazione di prossima generazione: le reti microfluidiche e le comunicazioni Machine to Machine (M2M). Riguardo alle reti microfluidiche, in questo lavoro illustriamo come sia possibile introdurre elementi di switch e meccanismi di routing all’interno di sistemi microfluidici. Definiamo poi alcuni semplici modelli matematici che descrivono il comportamento macroscopico di gocce all’interno di tali reti. Questi ultimi sono quindi sfruttati per implementare un simulatore che è capace di riprodurre il movimento e predire il percorso delle gocce in un generico sistema microfluidico. Dopo averlo validato sperimentalmente, il simulatore è impiegato per progettare una rete microfluidica con topologia a bus. Infine, viene dimostrato come sia possibile realizzare comunicazioni molecolari in questo ambito tramite la formalizzazione e la descrizione di un protocollo che sfrutta la modulazione della lunghezza/interdistanza delle gocce per trasferire informazione. L’attività di ricerca in merito alle comunicazioni M2M, invece, è finalizzata allo studio di due importanti criticità insite nelle Machine-Type Communications (MTCs), ovvero l’efficienza energetica e l’accesso simultaneo di massa (massive access). Per quanto concerne l’efficienza energetica, viene affrontato il problema di trasmettere un payload di una certa lunghezza fissata attraverso un canale wireless affetto da Rayleigh fading con lo scopo di minimizzare il costo totale medio dell’utente finale, dato dalla somma dell’energia di trasmissione e di quella di circuito, per completare l’operazione. Tale scenario ben si applica al contesto di trasmissioni cellulari per applicazioni di tipo IoT nelle future reti 5G, dove l’attenzione è rivolta maggiormente all’efficienza energetica dei dispositivi rispetto al throughput, in quanto le UE hanno tipicamente capacità computazionali ed energetiche esigue e si limitano ad inviare sporadicamente pacchetti molto brevi. Vengono quindi descritte le strategie ottime di trasmissione da adottare in un contesto di accesso coordinato a seconda del livello di dettaglio sulle informazioni di canale e delle potenzialità di trasmettitore/ricevitore, illustrando i corrispondenti limiti teorici. Nell’ultima parte del lavoro vengono studiate le prestazioni asintotiche di schemi di accesso non coordinati quando si utilizzano tecniche di Multi Packet Reception (MPR) e Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) per la risoluzione delle collisioni al ricevitore. I risultati corrispondenti, in termini di throughput, per uno scenario M2M con massive access sono infine ricavati e discussi.

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42

Vezzali, Loris. "Contact hypothesis: Testing models with different paradigms". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425097.

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Across three studies, we tested the contact hypothesis and the effectiveness of four contact modes: decategorization (Brewer & Miller, 1984), categorization (Brown & Hewstone, 2005), recategorization (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2000), dual identity (Gaertner et al., 2000). In the first study, correlational, we analyzed the relationship between non-disabled and disabled in the work place. Results showed that contact had positive effects, which generalized to explicit and implicit measures concerning the distal outgroup. Recategorization favored more positive relations with known outgroup members; contact effects generalized more when dual identity was salient; contact reduced implicit bias when salience of common identity, dual identity or separate groups was high. In the second and third studies, experimental, we tested the effects of contact strategies on cognitive impairment (Richeson & Shelton, 2003) and intergroup relations. Results indicated that all contact strategies were effective at improving attitudes toward known outgroup members, if contact was cooperative; generalization was more pronounced when salience of one-group and, especially, two-groups or dual identity were high. Furthermore, cognitive impairment tended to be higher when a two-groups representation was salient, whereas it was slightly lower when perceptions of separate individuals, one-group or dual identity were high or when contact was with an ingroup member.

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43

Lukic, Marko. "The anatomy of dissension : the study of the early Adventist paradigm from the perspective of a modified Kuhnian theory of paradigms and paradigm changes". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683039.

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44

Rocha, Suzana de Oliveira Fialho. "Música na escola particular de educação básica: considerações sobre o livro didático de música e a atuação do educador musical". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3592.

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Facing the challenges encountered about Music Education in Brazilian private elementary education schools since the implementation of the Enactment 11.769/08, emerged the need to know how is the Music experience in the setting of elementary schools - 1st stage. In my work as a music educator of the 1st stage of elementary education in a private school, I experienced the insertion of the Enactment and I observed that in some private schools there was the adoption of the textbook as a guiding for Music pedagogical process. It is noticed that in the private school seems no requirement for the Music Graduate to teaching Music. If there is no a licensed teacher in Music, often the Music experience are being taught by educators from other fields of knowledge. In front of the interviews and multiple readings taken for this research, the results showed that, in private schools, teachers without a degree in Music Education are exercising the Music pedagogical process. It was also necessary to investigate the Music textbooks. In front of the performed investigations and by analyzing the activities proposed in the Music textbooks, it can be seen that some activities approach the contents musical experience, such as rhythmic sound, instrumental and body trials, and contents talking about Music – knowledge of great names in music, the instruments, the song lyrics, the musical styles and genres. From this premise, it was considered that, for activities that approach the Music experiences, only a qualified professional in Music and that has the domain of musical language could teach the activities. For activities that suggest talking about music, the professional in any field of knowledge could teach the activities. The selected activities were analyzed in the light of paradigms in Music Education, suggest by Maffioletti (1993).
Frente aos desafios encontrados acerca da Educação Musical nas escolas particulares brasileiras de educação básica desde a implantação da Lei de nº 11.769/08, houve o interesse em abordar esta temática e a necessidade de conhecer como está a vivência musical no cenário das escolas de ensino fundamental – 1ª fase. Em minha atuação como educadora musical da 1ª fase do ensino fundamental em uma escola particular, presenciei a inserção da Lei e observei que, em algumas instituições particulares, havia a adoção do livro didático de Música como norteador do processo pedagógico musical. Percebe-se que na escola particular não há a exigência da Licenciatura em Música para que se exerça a docência musical. Não havendo o professor licenciado, frequentemente a vivência musical está sendo ministrada por professores de outras áreas do conhecimento. Diante das entrevistas realizadas e de amplas leituras empreendidas para a realização desta pesquisa, os resultados mostraram que, nas escolas particulares, professores sem a Licenciatura em Música estão exercendo o processo educativo musical. Necessitou-se, também, investigar os livros didáticos de Música. Diante das averiguações realizadas e mediante a análise das atividades propostas nos livros didáticos de Música, pode-se constatar que estes abordam conteúdos a respeito da vivência musical – experimentações rítmicas, sonoras, instrumentais, corporais – e a respeito do falar sobre Música – conhecimento dos grandes nomes da Música, dos instrumentos, de letras de canções, de estilos e gêneros musicais. Partindo dessa premissa, considerou-se que, para as atividades que abordam o fazer musical, apenas o profissional habilitado em Música que tenha o domínio da linguagem musical poderia ministrar a atividade. Para as atividades que propõem o falar sobre Música, o profissional de qualquer área do conhecimento poderia ministrar a atividade. As atividades selecionadas foram analisadas à luz dos paradigmas em Educação Musical, propostos por Maffioletti (1993).

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45

Bevilaqua, Aluisio Pampolha. "The Crisis in Marx's Capital and its Implications for Education in Paradigms: Rethinking the Contribution Pedagogical Century". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5831.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A presente dissertaÃÃo sob tÃtulo A Crise do Capital em Marx e suas ImplicaÃÃes nos Paradigmas da EducaÃÃo: ContribuiÃÃo ao Repensar PedagÃgico no SÃculo XXI, tem por objetivo sustentar a hipÃtese teÃrica de que as crises do capital estabelecem relaÃÃes causais de interdeterminaÃÃes com os paradigmas da ciÃncia e da pedagogia da educaÃÃo, mediante as conexÃes imanentes e transcendentes destas categorias ao conceito de capital a que sÃo subsumidas. O trabalho investigativo sustenta que a crise transita da esfera da produÃÃo Ã esfera da ciÃncia pela categoria paradigma; e da ciÃncia para educaÃÃo por esta mesma categoria. A reversÃo do processo se dÃ atravÃs da pedagogia, da educaÃÃo para ciÃncia e produÃÃo. Conclui sustentando que o quadro de relaÃÃes diante da crise atual se diferencia da lÃgica derivada das crises anteriores, dada a singularidade da crise atual, como crise orgÃnica da estrutura de valor, em que se assenta a relaÃÃo capital e a sociedade em geral, portanto, exigindo uma revoluÃÃo cientÃfica para a mudanÃa de paradigmas, cujos limites se apresentam na crise do capital nos paÃses do capitalismo avanÃado: EUA, UniÃo Europeia e JapÃo. A educaÃÃo brasileira deve decidir: ou muda seus paradigmas ou caminha para a mesma situaÃÃo de crise do capital dos paÃses avanÃados.
This dissertation under the title The Crisis in Marx's Capital and its Implications for Education in Paradigms: Rethinking the Contribution Pedagogical Century, aims to support the theoretical hypothesis that the crises of capital, to establish causal relationships interdeterminations with the paradigms of science and pedagogy of education, through the connections of these categories immanent and transcendent to the concept of capital that are subsumed. The investigative work argues that the crisis moves from the sphere of production to the sphere of science paradigm and the category of science to education in this same category. The process is the revertion through education, Education for science and production. Concludes with arguing that the framework for relations and interdeterminations before the current crisis is different from the logic derived from past crises, given the uniqueness of the current crisis, as the organic crisis of value structure in which sits the the relationship between capital and society in general, so , calling for a scientific revolution paradigm shift, which limits the present crisis of capital in advanced capitalist countries: USA, EU and Japan. Brazilian education must decide: either to change their paradigms or walks into the same crisis of capital in advanced countries.

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46

Zhai, Yusheng. "Time series forecasting competition among three sophisticated paradigms /". Electronic version (Microsoft Word), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/zhaiy/yushengzhai.html.

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47

Pazienza, Giovanni Egidio. "Aspects of algorithms and dynamics of cellular paradigms". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9151.

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Els paradigmes cel·lulars, com les xarxes neuronals cel·lulars (CNN, en anglès) i els autòmats cel·lulars (CA, en anglès), són una eina excel·lent de càlcul, al ser equivalents a una màquina universal de Turing. La introducció de la màquina universal CNN (CNN-UM, en anglès) ha permès desenvolupar hardware, el nucli computacional del qual funciona segons la filosofia cel·lular; aquest hardware ha trobat aplicació en diversos camps al llarg de la darrera dècada. Malgrat això, encara hi ha moltes preguntes a obertes sobre com definir els algoritmes d'una CNN-UM i com estudiar la dinàmica dels autòmats cel·lulars. En aquesta tesis es tracten els dos problemes: primer, es demostra que es possible acotar l'espai dels algoritmes per a la CNN-UM i explorar-lo gràcies a les tècniques genètiques; i segon, s'expliquen els fonaments de l'estudi dels CA per mitjà de la dinàmica no lineal (segons la definició de Chua) i s'il·lustra com aquesta tècnica ha permès trobar resultats innovadors.
Los paradigmas celulares, como las redes neuronales celulares (CNN, en
inglés) y los autómatas celulares (CA, en inglés), son una excelente
herramienta de cálculo, al ser equivalentes a una maquina universal de
Turing. La introducción de la maquina universal CNN (CNN-UM, en
inglés) ha permitido desarrollar hardware cuyo núcleo computacional
funciona según la filosofía celular; dicho hardware ha encontrado
aplicación en varios campos a lo largo de la ultima década. Sin
embargo, hay aun muchas preguntas abiertas sobre como definir los
algoritmos de una CNN-UM y como estudiar la dinámica de los autómatas
celular. En esta tesis se tratan ambos problemas: primero se demuestra
que es posible acotar el espacio de los algoritmos para la CNN-UM y
explorarlo gracias a técnicas genéticas; segundo, se explican los
fundamentos del estudio de los CA por medio de la dinámica no lineal
(según la definición de Chua) y se ilustra como esta técnica ha
permitido encontrar resultados novedosos.
Cellular paradigms, like Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) and Cellular Automata (CA) are an excellent tool to perform computation, since they are equivalent to a Universal Turing machine. The introduction of the Cellular Neural Network - Universal Machine (CNN-UM) allowed us to develop hardware whose computational core works according to the principles of cellular paradigms; such a hardware has found application in a number of fields throughout the last decade. Nevertheless, there are still many open questions about how to define algorithms for a CNN-UM, and how to study the dynamics of Cellular Automata. In this dissertation both problems are tackled: first, we prove that it is possible to bound the space of all algorithms of CNN-UM and explore it through genetic techniques; second, we explain the fundamentals of the nonlinear perspective of CA (according to Chua's definition), and we illustrate how this technique has allowed us to find novel results.

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48

Kangas, M. (Maria). "Stability analysis of new paradigms in wireless networks". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526215464.

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Abstract Fading in wireless channels, the limited battery energy available in wireless handsets, the changing user demands and the increasing demand for high data rate and low delay pose serious design challenges in the future generations of mobile communication systems. It is necessary to develop efficient transmission policies that adapt to changes in network conditions and achieve the target delay and rate with minimum power consumption. In this thesis, a number of new paradigms in wireless networks are presented. Dynamic programming tools are used to provide dynamic network stabilizing resource allocation solutions for virtualized data centers with clouds, cooperative networks and heterogeneous networks. Exact dynamic programming is used to develop optimal resource allocation and topology control policies for these networks with queues and time varying channels. In addition, approximate dynamic programming is also considered to provide new sub-optimal solutions. Unified system models and unified control problems are also provided for both secondary service provider and primary service provider cognitive networks and for conventional wireless networks. The results show that by adapting to the changes in queue lengths and channel states, the dynamic policy mitigates the effects of primary service provider and secondary service provider cognitive networks on each other. We investigate the network stability and provide new unified stability regions for primary service provider and secondary service provider cognitive networks as well as for conventional wireless networks. The K-step Lyapunov drift is used to analyse the performance and stability of the proposed dynamic control policies, and new unified stability analysis and queuing bound are provided for both primary service provider and secondary service provider cognitive networks and for conventional wireless networks. By adapting to the changes in network conditions, the dynamic control policies are shown to stabilize the network and to minimize the bound for the average queue length. In addition, we prove that the previously proposed frame based does not minimize the bound for the average delay, when there are shared resources between the terminals with queues
Tiivistelmä Langattomien kanavien häipyminen, langattomien laitteiden akkujen rajallinen koko, käyttäjien käyttötarpeiden muutokset sekä lisääntyvän tiedonsiirron ja lyhyemmän viiveen vaatimukset luovat suuria haasteita tulevaisuuden langattomien verkkojen suunnitteluun. On välttämätöntä kehittää tehokkaita resurssien allokointialgoritmeja, jotka sopeutuvat verkkojen muutoksiin ja saavuttavat sekä tavoiteviiveen että tavoitedatanopeuden mahdollisimman pienellä tehon kulutuksella. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitetään uusia paradigmoja langattomille tietoliikenneverkoille. Dynaamisen ohjelmoinnin välineitä käytetään luomaan dynaamisia verkon stabiloivia resurssien allokointiratkaisuja virtuaalisille pilvipalveludatakeskuksille, käyttäjien yhteistyöverkoille ja heterogeenisille verkoille. Tarkkoja dynaamisen ohjelmoinnin välineitä käytetään kehittämään optimaalisia resurssien allokointi ja topologian kontrollointialgoritmeja näille jonojen ja häipyvien kanavien verkoille. Tämän lisäksi, estimoituja dynaamisen ohjelmoinnin välineitä käytetään luomaan uusia alioptimaalisia ratkaisuja. Yhtenäisiä systeemimalleja ja yhtenäisiä kontrollointiongelmia luodaan sekä toissijaisen ja ensisijaisen palvelun tuottajan kognitiivisille verkoille että tavallisille langattomille verkoille. Tulokset osoittavat että sopeutumalla jonojen pituuksien ja kanavien muutoksiin dynaaminen tekniikka vaimentaa ensisijaisen ja toissijaisen palvelun tuottajien kognitiivisten verkkojen vaikutusta toisiinsa. Tutkimme myös verkon stabiiliutta ja luomme uusia stabiilisuusalueita sekä ensisijaisen ja toissijaisen palveluntuottajan kognitiivisille verkoille että tavallisille langattomille verkoille. K:n askeleen Lyapunovin driftiä käytetään analysoimaan dynaamisen kontrollointitekniikan suorituskykyä ja stabiiliutta. Lisäksi uusi yhtenäinen stabiiliusanalyysi ja jonon yläraja luodaan ensisijaisen ja toissijaisen palveluntuottajan kognitiivisille verkoille ja tavallisille langattomille verkoille. Dynaamisen algoritmin näytetään stabiloivan verkko ja minimoivan keskimääräisen jonon pituuden yläraja sopeutumalla verkon olosuhteiden muutoksiin. Tämän lisäksi todistamme että aiemmin esitetty frame-algoritmi ei minimoi keskimääräisen viiveen ylärajaa, kun käyttäjät jakavat keskenään resursseja

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49

Lorenzo, Veiga B. (Beatriz). "New network paradigms for future multihop cellular systems". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514298554.

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Abstract The high increase in traffic and data rate for future generations of mobile communication systems, with simultaneous requirement for reduced power consumption, makes Multihop Cellular Networks (MCNs) an attractive technology. To exploit the potentials of MCNs a number of new network paradigms are proposed in this thesis. First, a new algorithm for efficient relaying topology control is presented to jointly optimize the relaying topology, routing and scheduling resulting in a two dimensional or space time routing protocol. The algorithm is aware of intercell interference (ICI), and requires coordinated action between the cells to jointly choose the relaying topology and scheduling to minimize the system performance degradation due to ICI. This framework is extended to include the optimization of power control. Both conventional and cooperative relaying schemes are considered. In addition, a novel sequential genetic algorithm (SGA) is proposed as a heuristic approximation to reconfigure the optimum relaying topology as the network traffic changes. Network coding is used to combine the uplink and downlink transmissions, and incorporate it into the optimum bidirectional relaying with ICI awareness. Seeking for a more tractable network model to effectively use context awareness and relying on the latest results on network information theory, we apply a hexagonal tessellation for inner partition of the cell into smaller subcells of radius r. By using only one single topology control parameter (r), we jointly optimize routing, scheduling and power control to obtain the optimum trade-off between throughput, delay and power consumption in multicast MCNs. This model enables high resolution optimization and motivates the further study of network protocols for MCNs. A new concept for route discovery protocols is developed and the trade-off between cooperative diversity and spatial reuse is analyzed by using this model. Finally, a new architecture for MCN is considered where multihop transmissions are performed by a Delay Tolerant Network, and new solutions to enhance the performance of multicast applications for multimedia content delivery are presented. Numerical results have shown that the algorithms suggested in this thesis provide significant improvement with respect to the existing results, and are expected to have significant impact in the analysis and design of future cellular networks
Tiivistelmä Tiedonsiirron ja tiedonsiirtonopeuksien suuri kasvu sekä tehonkulutuksen pieneneminen tulevien sukupolvien matkapuhelinjärjestelmissä tekevät monihyppyiset matkapuhelinverkot houkutteleviksi vaihtoehdoiksi. Tässä työssä esitetään uusia tiedonsiirtoverkkojen paradigmoja monihyppyisten matkapuhelinverkkojen hyödyntämiseksi. Työssä esitellään uusi algoritmi tehokkaaseen releointitopologian hallintaan, joka optimoi yhtäaikaisesti topologian, reitityksen sekä lähetyshetkien ajoituksen ja mahdollistaa tila-aika-reititysprotokollan toteutuksen. Esitetty algoritmi huomioi solujen keskinäishäiriön ja vaaditulla solujen välisellä koordinoidulla hallinnalla saadaan yhdessä valittua topologia ja ajoitus, jotka minimoivat solujen keskinäisistä häiriöistä johtuvan suorituskyvyn heikentymisen. Myöhemmin tätä viitekehystä on laajennettu lisäämällä siihen tehonsäädön optimointi. Työssä on tutkittu sekä perinteisiä että kooperatiivisia releointimenetelmiä. Lisäksi työssä esitetään uusi geneettinen algoritmi heuristiseksi approksimaatioksi verkon liikenteen muutoksen vaatimaan releointitopologian uudelleen järjestelyyn. Työssä tarkastellaan lisäksi verkkokoodausta ylä- ja alasuuntaan tapahtuvan tiedonsiirron yhdistämiseksi sisällyttämällä se solujen keskinäishäiriön huomioivaan kahdensuuntaiseen releointiin. Etsittäessä paremmin mukautuvaa ja kontekstitietoisuutta hyödyntävää verkkomallia, joka käyttää hyväkseen viimeisimpiä verkkojen informaatioteoreettisia tuloksia, voidaan verkon solut pilkkoa pienempiin kuusikulmaisiin alisoluihin. Käyttämällä ainoastaan näiden alisolujen sädettä r voidaan puolestaan verkon reititys, ajoitus ja tehon säätö optimoida yhtäaikaisesti saavuttaen paras mahdollinen kompromissi verkon läpäisyn, viiveen ja tehonkulutuksen välillä. Kehitetty malli mahdollistaa korkean resoluution optimoinnin ja motivoi uusien verkkoprotokollien kehitystä monihyppyisissä matkapuhelinverkoissa. Tätä mallia käyttäen esitellään myös uusi konsepti reitinetsintäprotokollille sekä analysoidaan kooperatiivisen diversiteetin ja tila-avaruudessa tapahtuvan uudelleenkäytön välistä kompromissiratkaisua. Lopuksi työssä tarkastellaan monihyppyisen matkapuhelinverkon uutta arkkitehtuuria, jossa monihyppylähetykset suoritetaan viivesietoisella verkolla ja esitetään uusia ratkaisuja multimediasisällön monilähetysten tehokkuuden parantamiseksi. Työssä saadut tulokset osoittavat, että ehdotetut algoritmit parantavat järjestelmien suorituskykyä verrattuna aiemmin tiedossa olleisiin tuloksiin. Työn tuloksilla voidaan olettaa myös olevan suuri vaikutus tulevaisuuden matkapuhelinverkkojen analysointiin ja suunnitteluun

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50

Wilson, Stephen M., Alexa Bautista, Melodie Yen, Stefanie Lauderdale e Dana K. Eriksson. "Validity and reliability of four language mapping paradigms". ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626091.

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Language areas of the brain can be mapped in individual participants with functional MRI. We investigated the validity and reliability of four language mapping paradigms that may be appropriate for individuals with acquired aphasia: sentence completion, picture naming, naturalistic comprehension, and narrative comprehension. Five neurologically normal older adults were scanned on each of the four paradigms on four separate occasions. Validity was assessed in terms of whether activation patterns reflected the known typical organization of language regions, that is, lateralization to the left hemisphere, and involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle and/or superior temporal gyri. Reliability (test-retest reproducibility) was quantified in terms of the Dice coefficient of similarity, which measures overlap of activations across time points. We explored the impact of different absolute and relative voxelwise thresholds, a range of cluster size cutoffs, and limitation of analyses to a priori potential language regions. We found that the narrative comprehension and sentence completion paradigms offered the best balance of validity and reliability. However, even with optimal combinations of analysis parameters, there were many scans on which known features of typical language organization were not demonstrated, and test-retest reproducibility was only moderate for realistic parameter choices. These limitations in terms of validity and reliability may constitute significant limitations for many clinical or research applications that depend on identifying language regions in individual participants. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

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