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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Harrison, Peter. "Do Animals Feel Pain?" Philosophy 66, n. 255 (gennaio 1991): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100052827.

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In an oft-quoted passage fromThe Principles of Morals and Legislation(1789), Jeremy Bentham addresses the issue of our treatment of animals with the following words: ‘the question is not, Can theyreason? nor, can theytalk? but, Can theysuffer?’ The point is well taken, for surely if animals suffer, they are legitimate objects of our moral concern. It is curious therefore, given the current interest in the moral status of animals, that Bentham's question has been assumed to be merely rhetorical. No-one has seriously examined the claim, central to arguments for animal liberation and animal rights, that animals actually feel pain. Peter Singer'sAnimal Liberationis perhaps typical in this regard. His treatment of the issue covers a scant seven pages, after which he summarily announces that ‘there are no good reasons, scientific or philosophical, for denying that animals feel pain’. In this paper I shall suggest that the issue of animal pain is not so easily dispensed with, and that the evidence brought forward to demonstrate that animals feel pain is far from conclusive.

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Honoré, Per Hartvig, Anna Basnet, Pernille Kristensen, Lene Munkholm Andersen, Signe Neustrup, Pia Møllgaard, Laila Eljaja e Ole J. Bjerrum. "Predictive validity of pharmacologic interventions in animal models of neuropathic pain". Scandinavian Journal of Pain 2, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2011): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.06.002.

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AbstractIntroductionThe pathophysiologic and neurochemical characteristics of neuropathic pain must be considered in the search for new treatment targets. Breakthroughs in the understanding of the structural and biochemical changes in neuropathy have opened up possibilities to explore new treatment paradigms. However, long term sequels from the damage are still difficult to treat.Aim of the studyTo examine the validity of pharmacological treatments in humans and animals for neuropathic pain.MethodAn overview from the literature and own experiences of pharmacological treatments employed to interfere in pain behavior in different animal models was performed.ResultsThe treatment principles tested in animal models of neuropathic pain may have predictive validity for treatment of human neuropathies. Opioids, neurotransmitter blockers, drugs interfering with the prostaglandin syntheses as well as voltage gated sodium channel blockers and calcium channel blockers are treatment principles having efficacy and similar potency in humans and in animals. Alternative targets have been identified and have shown promising results in the validated animal models. Modulators of the glutamate system with an increased expression of glutamate re-uptake transporters, inhibition of pain promoters as nitric oxide and prostaglandins need further exploration. Modulation of cytokines and neurotrophins in neuropathic pain implies new targets for study. Further, a combination of different analgesic treatments may as well improve management of neuropathic pain, changing the benefit/risk ratio.ImplicationsNot surprisingly most pharmacologic principles that are tested in animal models of neuropathic pain are also found to be active in humans. Whereas many candidate drugs that were promising in animal models of neuropathic pain turned out not to be effective or too toxic in humans, animal models for neuropathic pain are still the best tools available to learn more about mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Better understanding of pathogenesis is the most hopeful approach to improve treatment of neuropathic pain.

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Phillips, Mary T. "Savages, Drunks, and Lab Animals: The Researcher's Perception of Pain". Society & Animals 1, n. 1 (1993): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853093x00154.

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AbstractHistorically, treatment for pain relief has varied according to the social status of the sufferer. A similar tendency to make arbitrary distinctions affecting pain relief was found in an ethnographic study of animal research laboratories. The administration of pain-relieving drugs for animals in laboratories differed from standard practice for humans and, perhaps, for companion animals. Although anesthesia was used routinely for surgical procedures, its administration was sometimes haphazard. Analgesics, however, were rarely used. Most researchers had never thought about using analgesics and did not consider the subject worthy of serious attention. Scientists interviewed for this study agreed readily that animals are capable offeeling pain, but such assertions were muted by an overriding view of lab animals as creatures existing solely for the purposes of research. As a result, it was the exceptional scientist who was able to focus on anything about the animal's subjective experience that might lie outside the boundaries of the research protocol.

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AMANITI (Ε.Μ. ΑΜΑΝΙΤΗ), E. M., I. SAVVAS (Ι. ΣΑΒΒΑΣ) e N. DIAKAKIS (Ν. ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ). "Pain assessment and treatment in equines". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 61, n. 2 (22 marzo 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14882.

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Current concepts in pain on animals suggest that -at least- mammals perceive and experience pain like humans do. Pain receptors are the free nerve endings. Qualitative analysis and interpretation is done in brain cortex (somatosensory area), while nociception may be done in lower centres. Pain may be physiological or clinical. In physiological pain, short acting noxious stimuli act on nociceptors and produce pain, but without any neurophysiological modification. In clinical pain, mostly intense noxious stimuli bring alterations in neuronal physiology, in central nervous system (central sensitization), as well as in peripheral nervous system (peripheral sensitization). Eventually, pain threshold is reduced and hyperalgesia is established. Clinical pain may be inflammatory or neuropathic. According to its origin, it may be somatic (skin, bones, joints, muscles), which is acute and may be accurately localized, or visceral (from the abdominal and thoracic organs), which is blunt and diffuse. Post-operative pain mayprolong hospitalization and increase morbidity. Pain management is mandatory for humane, legal and medical reasons. The latter include elimination of side effects of catecholamine production, facilitation of healing and restoration of the animal's normal functions (diet, self-care, etc.), which in general reduce the response to stress. Moreover, organ function is improved and morbidity is reduced. As a result, peri-operative analgesia may improve health, as long as most analgesic techniques improve organ function post-operatively. The first indication of pain in animals is behavioural alteration. In chronic pain, metabolic disturbances may alsooccur. In normal equines, it seems that there are variations among individuals. In general, it is easier to diagnose an acute abdominal pain than a chronic pain in joints, tendons or bones. In acute pain, the horse develops special facial expression. The animal looksbackwards and kicks the ground. Peripheral somatic pain may produce acute signs. Pain is definitely treated only after diagnosing itscause. However, it may also be treated symptomatically with analgesics and local denervations. Additionally, trans-cutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of peripheral nerves or other sights of central nervous system may alleviate pain (electroanalgesia). Finally,acupuncture maybe applied. Among the analgesic drugs, in equines, opioids (morphine, methadone, pethidine, butorphanile) produce very good analgesia and mild sedation. Respiratory and intestinal contractility depression is common side effect. Central nervous system excitations maybe seen, especially after morphine administration. Local anaesthetics produce excellent analgesia and maybe used pre- (pre-emptive analgesia), intra- (to reduce general anaesthetic dose rates) and post-operatively. a2-Adrenergic agonists produce analgesia, mainly visceral. They are very good analgesics in cases of colics, whereas their sedative effects reduce the incidence of self-trauma. Their major disadvantage is cardiovascular depression. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have very good anti-inflammatory properties. They are used in cases of acute pain, traumatic or surgical, as well as in chronic pain.

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Wright, Bonnie D. "Acupuncture for the Treatment of Animal Pain". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 49, n. 6 (novembre 2019): 1029–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.07.001.

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Steagall, Paulo V., Hedie Bustamante, Craig B. Johnson e Patricia V. Turner. "Pain Management in Farm Animals: Focus on Cattle, Sheep and Pigs". Animals 11, n. 6 (21 maggio 2021): 1483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061483.

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Pain causes behavioral, autonomic, and neuroendocrine changes and is a common cause of animal welfare compromise in farm animals. Current societal and ethical concerns demand better agricultural practices and improved welfare for food animals. These guidelines focus on cattle, sheep, and pigs, and present the implications of pain in terms of animal welfare and ethical perspectives, and its challenges and misconceptions. We provide an overview of pain management including assessment and treatment applied to the most common husbandry procedures, and recommendations to improve animal welfare in these species. A cost-benefit analysis of pain mitigation is discussed for food animals as well as the use of pain scoring systems for pain assessment in these species. Several recommendations are provided related to husbandry practices that could mitigate pain and improve farm animal welfare. This includes pain assessment as one of the indicators of animal welfare, the use of artificial intelligence for automated methods and research, and the need for better/appropriate legislation, regulations, and recommendations for pain relief during routine and husbandry procedures.

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Greene, Stephen A. "Chronic Pain: Pathophysiology and Treatment Implications". Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 25, n. 1 (febbraio 2010): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2009.10.009.

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Nasirinezhad, Farinaz, e Jacqueline Sagen. "NMDA Antagonist Peptide Supplementation Enhances Pain Alleviation by Adrenal Medullary Transplants". Cell Transplantation 14, n. 4 (aprile 2005): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000005783983115.

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Spinal transplantation of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells has been shown to decrease pain responses in several animal models. Improved potency may be possible by engineering cells to produce greater levels of naturally derived analgesics. As an initial screen for potential candidates, adrenal medullary transplants were evaluated in combination with exogenously administered neuropeptides in rodent pain models. Histogranin is a 15-amino acid peptide that exhibits NMDA receptor antagonist activity. The stable derivative [Ser1]histogranin (SHG) can attenuate pain symptoms in some animal models. The formalin model for neurogenic inflammatory pain and the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model for neuropathic pain were used to evaluate the combined effects of chromaffin cell transplantation and intrathecal (IT) SHG injections. Animals were implanted with either adrenal medullary or control striated muscle tissue in the spinal subarachnoid space. For evaluation of formalin responses, animals were pretreated with SHG (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 μg) followed by an intraplantar injection of formalin, and flinching responses were quantified. Pretreatment with SHG had no significant effect on flinching behavior in control animals at lower doses, with incomplete attenuation only at the highest dose. In contrast, 0.5 μg SHG significantly reduced flinching responses in animals with adrenal medullary transplants, and 1.0 μg nearly completely eliminated flinching in these animals in the tonic phase. For evaluation of effects on neuropathic pain, animals received transplants 1 week following CCI, and were tested for thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia before and following SHG treatment. The addition of low doses of SHG nearly completely eliminated neuropathic pain symptoms in adrenal medullary transplanted animals, while in control transplanted animals only thermal hyperalgesia was attenuated, at the highest dose of SHG. These results suggest that SHG can augment adrenal medullary transplants, and the combination may result in improved effectiveness and range in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes.

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Frondelius, Lilli, Juha Hietaoja, Matti Pastell, Laura Hänninen, Paula Anttila e Jaakko Mononen. "Influence of postoperative pain and use of NSAID on heart rate variability of dairy cows". Journal of Dairy Research 85, n. 1 (febbraio 2018): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029917000760.

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This Research Communication describes the effect of post-operative pain and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment on heart rate variability (HRV) of dairy cows. Postoperative pain in farm animals is often left untreated, and HRV could be a promising tool for assessing pain. The aim of this study was to assess if postoperative state after subcutaneous surgery affects HRV in dairy cows and to determine whether this could be modulated by NSAID. Nine cows were inserted with an implantable electrocardiograph logger. Cows were divided into the NSAID treatment group and the control group. The cows in the NSAID group had higher HRV than the control group, indicating a higher sympathetic activity in control animals, most likely due to untreated post-operative pain. Besides the ethical need for treating pain in production animals, ongoing pain has an adverse effect on animal productivity. Thus post-operative pain alleviation is recommended.

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Karas, Alicia Z. "Barriers to assessment and treatment of pain in laboratory animals". Lab Animal 35, n. 7 (luglio 2006): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0706-38.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Grant, Cliff. "The safety and efficacy of intramuscular xylazine for pain relief in sheep and lambs". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MSB/09msbg7613.pdf.

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"April 2002" Bibliography: leaves 190-202. Examines the suitability of the [alpha] 2 adrenoreceptor agonist xylazine for providing safe and effective analgesia in 2 settings: for post-surgical pain in adult sheep used for biomedical research, and for routine husbandry procedures applied to lambs on farms, such as mulesing, tail-docking and castration. Concludes in setting 1 that intramuscular administration of xylazine was simple to perform yet was characterized by a rapid peak analgesic effect with a reasonable duration of action and minimal deleterious effects on cardiac output, blood pressure or arterial blood gases. In setting 2 the anti-nociceptive effects in lambs are of a similar magnitude and duration to those in adult sheep when the dose was scaled for body weight. A ranking of the relative painfulness of husbandry procedures was developed and used to assess the efficacy of intramuscular xylazine.

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Liman, Suryamin, e 陳明正. "Ketamine on chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP) model of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45989448.

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Ferrador, Ana Margarida dos Santos. "Use of Tri-Solfen to control pain during treatment of hoof lesions in dairy cows". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16053.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
ABSTRACT - Hoof lesions in dairy cattle have a great impact, either in production as in animal welfare. Trimming may cause severe pain resulting in violent reaction with risk for humans’ safety as well as affecting the animal’s immediate welfare. These interventions are usually carried out by non-veterinarian technicians, without any kind of pain management training. An efficient pain management is not only an ethical obligation, as also allows a better manipulation and meticulous treatment. The present study had the main purpose to test the efficiency of Tri-Solfen®, with a combination of local anaesthetics – lidocaine and bupivacaine - adrenaline and cetrimide in a topical gel form. The efficiency of this formulation has already been tested in other procedures, such as mulesing, castration, disbudding and tail docking in lambs and calves, significantly reducing pain related behaviours. Being dairy cows a second objective was to assess lidocaine, bupivacaine and metabolites, as well as cetrimide residues in milk to determine the safety of use in milking animals. The selected cows were in the drying off period and lameness scoring was performed when entering the chute. Before trimming, each animal was randomly distributed to two groups: C – usual trimming with no pain control; T – trimming with local anaesthetics being applied once live corium was exposed. Lesions’ characteristics were registered. Algometry measurements were performed before and after intervention, to assess animal reaction to pressure. During corrective trimming, behaviour observation was done by two persons blind to treatment. Lameness scoring was again performed at the end of the intervention. Non-parametric tests and analysis of variance were performed. Analysis of data showed that treatment significantly influenced reaction to trimming and lameness score after trimming on the treated group, when compared with the not treated group. Algometry values showed increased pressure threshold after application of Tri-Solfen. Anaesthetics residues are below the LOQ value in all animals after the first milking, except in one sample at the fourth milking. This study suggests that the use of topical local anaesthetics with lidocaine and bupivacaine helps reducing pain inflicted during corrective trimming of severe lesions, enhancing animal welfare and providing trimmer safety due to diminishing pain related behaviours. We also demonstrated that the levels of anaesthetics and/or metabolites residues are very low in all animals in the four milkings after treatment.
RESUMO - Uso de Tri-Solfen no Controlo da Dor Durante o Tratamento de Lesões Podais em Bovinos de Leite - As afeções podais em vacas leiteiras têm um enorme impacto quer sobre a produção, quer sobre o bem-estar animal. O desbridamento das lesões pode causar dor intensa, levando a reações do animal que dificultam o maneio e a segurança do mesmo e do operador. Por norma, estas intervenções são realizadas por técnicos não médicos veterinários sem formação no controlo da dor. O maneio eficaz da dor não só é uma obrigação ética, como permite uma mais fácil manipulação e um tratamento mais minucioso. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar testar a eficácia de um medicamento, Tri-Solfen®, que tem na sua composição uma associação de anestésicos locais – lidocaína, bupivacaína – adrenalina e cetrimida, na forma de gel tópico. A eficácia desta formulação já foi avaliada noutros procedimentos, como mulesing, castração, descorna e amputação de cauda em borregos e novilhos, tendo reduzido significativamente os comportamentos de dor. Sendo animais leiteiros, um secundo objetivo foi detetar a presença de lidocaína, bupivacaína e cetrimida, em amostras de leite após aplicação do produto. As vacas selecionadas encontravam-se no período de secagem e foram classificadas quanto ao grau de claudicação quando conduzidas ao tronco. Antes do início da aparagem cada vaca foi aleatoriamente alocada a um de dois grupos: C – aparagem sem aplicação do medicamento; TriS – aparagem com aplicação do anestésico tópico sobre a lesão do córion. As características das lesões encontradas foram registadas. Foram efetuados testes de algometria antes e após a intervenção, para avaliar a reação do animal a diferentes graus de pressão. Durante a aparagem curativa, dois observadores cegos ao tratamento avaliaram os comportamentos de dor. O grau de claudicação foi novamente avaliada no fim da intervenção. Na análise estatística dos dados foram aplicados testes não paramétricos e análise de variância. A análise dos dados demonstra existir uma redução da reação à aparagem e do grau de claudicação à saída do tronco, no grupo tratado comparativamente com o grupo não tratado. Os valores de algometria demonstram maior resistência à pressão após aplicação do medicamento. Resíduos anestésicos encontraram-se abaixo do LOQ em todos os animais após a primeira ordenha, exceto numa amostra da quarta ordenha. O estudo parece sugerir que a utilização da combinação de anestésicos locais tópicos reduz a dor durante a aparagem curativa, melhorando o bem-estar animal e aumentando a segurança do operador por redução dos comportamentos associados à dor. Os valores de resíduos anestésicos e/ou metabolitos foram consideravelmente baixos em todos os animais nas quatro ordenhas após aplicação.
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Gagliese, Lucia. "Age differences in the experience of pain in humans and animals". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ44652.pdf.

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Thompson, Carol Sylvia. "Assessing attitudes towards welfare and pain in farm animals". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25463.

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Within the livestock sector, farmers and veterinarians are two groups of people who play a pivotal role in maintaining the health and welfare of animals. How the different welfare needs of farm animals are perceived and prioritised by these two caretaker groups will have direct implications for the animals in their care. People’s perceptions and attitudes directly influence their behaviour, and research has demonstrated that positive attitudes towards animals are paramount to ensuring good animal welfare. The prevention and mitigation of pain is an important component to ensuring good animal welfare, as pain has the potential to negatively affect both physical and mental health. How pain in animals is perceived by farmers and vets will influence how it is managed. Therefore, understanding how farmers and vets: view the capacity of animals to experience pain, perceive the pain severity associated with different conditions and procedures, view the importance of pain mitigation in relation to other welfare needs, and deem the necessity of analgesic use in livestock, is vital. Four separate questionnaire based studies were conducted to assess these attitudes in farmers and veterinarians as well as in agriculture and veterinary students, as these students will be the next generation of farmers and veterinarians. Overall, farmers and vets were found to have positive attitudes towards pain in livestock. Although the capacity of cattle and sheep to feel pain was perceived to be lower than that of humans it was still rated highly. In addition, positive beliefs about the benefits of pain alleviation, the negative impacts of pain on production and welfare, and the importance of prompt treatment and pain management for good welfare were held. Cattle farmers had more positive attitudes towards pain and analgesic use than sheep farmers. This difference was most evident around areas of resource availability, such as time and labour, and the practicalities associated with pain identification and drug provision. Farmers, vets and students perceived lameness to be a painful condition, with the perceived severity of pain being closely related to the perceived severity of the disease. In addition, participants reported a greater emotional reaction in instances where they rated lameness and pain more highly. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between lameness, pain and emotional reaction scores and the decision to catch a lame sheep for inspection. The majority of students had positive views towards pain in farm animals, believing that: farm animals were capable of experiencing pain, prompt treatment and the provision of pain relief were the two most important elements of welfare, and that farm animals benefit from pain alleviation. However, there was a perceived difference between a number of animal species in their capacity to feel pain, with livestock species being viewed as having a lesser capacity than companion animals and humans. In addition effects of gender were found, with females reporting higher levels of empathy and compassion towards lame sheep, and rating pain higher. Furthermore, female students had a stronger belief that animals were sentient beings than did males. These four studies found that views on pain and analgesic use in livestock were generally positive. However, differences between individuals and between groups were found in a number of areas including how observers perceived the severity of painful conditions and procedures and in the capacity of different animal species to experience pain. These differences in attitudes may affect the decisions farmers and vets make regarding the treatment of pain, which is likely to have implications for farm animal welfare.

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Bernstein, Dana N. "Treatment efficacy in a chronic pain population: Pre- to post-treatment". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4670/.

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The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a multidisciplinary pain management program on five measures of subjective psychosocial factors. Ninety-five participants in the comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment group and the standard medical intervention control group were surveyed about various psychosocial factors using Axis II of the West Haven - Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI), pre- to post-treatment. It was hypothesized that post-treatment levels would be significantly lower than pre-treatment levels for all five psychosocial variables. Additionally, gender and ethnicity variables were examined. Based on preliminary analyses indicating pre-treatment differences between the experimental and control group, five 2 x 2 x 3 analyses of covariances (ANCOVAs) were used to examine the above hypotheses. Results indicated significant differences between the treatment conditions on measures of control, with the comprehensive group feeling more in control than the standard group at post-treatment. No other significant main effects for treatment condition were found on the measures of pain severity, interference with daily activities, negative mood, or social support. However, a significant gender main effect was found for social support at post-treatment, with females reporting more social support than males. A significant gender x ethnicity interaction was also found for post-treatment control, with African-American females exhibiting higher levels of control than the other groups. Finally, a significant gender x treatment condition was found for negative mood, with males in the comprehensive group reporting more affective distress than those in the standard group. In this study, control appeared to be an integral factor in the chronic pain sample and greatly improved with comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment; while other areas of relative efficacy were not confirmed in this population.

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Alves, João Carlos Agostinho. "Evaluation of the efficacy of four intra-articular therapeutic protocols for the control and treatment of osteoarthritis in a Canis familiaris model". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29955.

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A osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença que afecta que afecta todos os mamíferos, com uma expressão clínica e económica muito importante. No cão, a sua fisiopatologia clínica, médica e terapêutica são muito semelhantes às do Homem, tornando esta espécie num modelo natural de excelência para o estudo da OA no Homem. Associando-se a doença predominantemente ao aparecimento de sinais e sintomas clínicos envolvendo a(s) articulação(ões) afetada(s), o uso de terapêuticas locais administradas por via intra-articular (IA), possibilitam reduzir a quantidade da substância activa a utilizar para obter o efeito médico desejado, assim como os potenciais efeitos sistémicos colaterais. Desde há muito tempo que o uso de corticosteróides e ácido hialurónico têm assumido um papel relevante na terapia IA da OA. Actualmente, terapias inovadoras como o uso de concentrados de plaquetas autologas ou de anabolizantes, como o Estanozolol, têm-se revelado promissoras no controlo local da doença. Contudo, os seus mecanismos de ação não estão ainda totalmente esclarecidos, o que se traduz na dificuldade em obter consenso entre os clínicos para o estabelecimento de protocolos padronizados, fazendo-se assim a sua utilização com base na medicina de evidência resultante da experiência individual do clínico. A monitorização da OA no que respeita à sua evolução e resposta à terapeutica instituída é actualmente monitorizada com o recurso a marcadores de inflamação, técnicas de imagem como a radiografia e termografia digitais, ao estudo e análise da biomecânica do doente em placas ou plataformas de força, que adicionam informação muito importante à colhida durante o exame clínico objectivo do doente. O presente estudo realizado na espécie Canis familiaris com OA na articulação coxofemoral apresenta como principais objetivos: 1) Determinar o efeito de quatro substâncias administradas por via IA no maneio da OA da anca; 2) Avaliar a variação na concentração dos marcadores inflamatórios Proteína C-Reativa (PCR) e Interleucina-1 (IL-1) no líquido sinovial de doentes com OA coxofemoral; 3) Avaliar a relação entre a medicina laboratorial, a medicina de imagem e o exame médico objectivo do doente; 4) Validar o uso da termografia digital e da plataforma de pressão na avaliação da OA; e 5) Delinear um protocolo terapêutico para os doentes com OA coxofemoral utilizando o cão como modelo animal, sob o conceito geral de - Uma Única Saúde (One Health). O estudo foi desenvolvido numa amostra de cem articulações coxo-femorais (N = 100), de doentes com OA de ocorrência natural. A amostra estudada foi dividida aleatoriamente em cinco (5) grupos cada um com vinte (20) articulações, de acordo com o tipo de terapêutica IA administrada. Assim, consideraram-se: grupo de controlo (GC, n=20), grupo de hexacetonido de triancinolona (THG, n=20), grupo de concentrado de plaquetas (Grupo PCG, n=20), grupo de estanozolol (SG, n=20) e o grupo de acido hialurónico - Hylan GF 20 (HG, n=20). Cada doente foi avaliado em nove (9) tempos diferentes ao longo do estudo: dia 0 (dia do tratamento) e dias 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 após tratamento. As avaliações de cada doente e articulação foram realizadas com a análise da biomecânica do doente em plataforma de força, goniometria da articulação (amplitude articular em flexão e extensão), perímetro da coxa, termografia digital, radiografia digital, análise do líquido sinovial e quatro instrumentos de metrologia clínica, nomeadamente: Escala Rápida de Avaliação de Dor Canina (Canine Brief Pain Inventory), Escala de Osteoartite Canina de Liverpool (Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs), Índice Ortopedico Canino (Canine Orthopedic Index) e Escala Analógica Visual de Hudson (Hudson Visual Analogue Scale). O trabalho estatístico dos dados foi realizado com o programa IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Foram realizados vários testes estatísticos, de acordo com a análise pretendida: teste t de amostras emparelhadas, ANOVA de medidas repetidas, com correcção Huynh-Feldt, ou o teste de Wilcoxon. O teste de Kaplan-Meier, comparado com o teste log-rank, e a regressão de Cox foram conduzidos para avaliar sobrevivência. Todos os resultados obtidos forma considerados como estatisticamente significativos para o valor de P<0,05. Os grupos PCG e HG foram aqueles que registaram melhorias mais significativas e duradouras, de acordo com os resultados da regressão de Cox para as diferentes avaliações realizadas. Considerando as avaliações objectivas, PCH e HG apresentaram uma melhora de 81% e 69%, e de 61% e 57% para os índices de simetria e diminuição de suporte de peso em estação, respetivamente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o uso de concentrado de plaquetas autologas e de ácido hialurónico de alta densidade parecem ser os tratamentos preferenciais para a melhoria das alterações registadas nos doentes com OA, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos doentes. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar também uma redução no nível da dor nos doentes do grupo THG, o que pode ser atribuído ao marcado efeito anti-inflamatório dos corticosteróides; Title: Evaluation of the efficacy of four intra-articular therapeutic protocols for the control and treatment of osteoarthritis in a Canis familiaris model. ABSTRACT: Osteoarthritis (OA) affects all mammals, being an important and costly disease. The pathologic process, clinical presentation, and response to treatment are very similar in humans and dogs, making the naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model the closest to a gold standard for the study of human osteoarthritis. Since OA is mainly symptomatic in the affected joint while lacking obvious extra-articular manifestations, it is well suited to have a local therapy administered by intra-articular (IA) injection, reducing the total amount required to produce an effect as well as systemic adverse effects. There are several substances used in the IA management of OA, some used for a long time, like corticosteroids and hyaluronan, while others have gained more recent attention, as autologous platelets and stanozolol. In common, regardless of how long they have been used, their action mechanisms and effects are not fully known, as the protocol for their use is usually based on the clinician’s individual experience. Disease evolution and response to treatment can be monitored through inflammation markers, different clinical evaluation modalities, as digital thermography, digital radiography, or stance analysis, which all add relevant information to the clinical examination. This study set four goals: 1) to determine the effect of four IA substances in the management of hip OA; 2) assess variations in C-reactive protein and IL-1 in the synovial fluid of patients with OA; 3) evaluate the relationship between laboratory medicine, with imaging results and clinical assessment; 4) validate the use of digital thermography and weight bearing evaluation in OA assessement; and 5) to outline a treatment protocol for patients with OA, with the dog as an animal model, under the One Health concept. One hundred (N=100) hip joints were selected from patients with naturally occurring osteoarthritis and randomly assigned to five groups: control group (CG, n=20), triamcinolone hexacetonide group (THG, n=20), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n=20), stanozolol group (SG, n=20) and Hylan G-F 20 group (HG, n=20). Evaluations were conducted on days 0 (treatment day), 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days post-treatment. They consisted of the evaluation of weight distribution, joint range of motion at flexion and extension, thigh girth, digital thermography, radiographic signs, synovial fluid analysis, and four clinical metrology instruments were collected: Canine Brief Pain Inventory, Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs, Canine Orthopedic Index and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale. All results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Several statiscal tests were conducted, according to the intended analysis: Paired Samples T-Test, Repeated Measures ANOVA, with a Huynh-Feldt correction, or Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Kaplan-Meier estimators were conducted and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine treatment survival. A significance level of P<0.05 was set. PCG and HG registered longer lasting effects, and better improvements according to the Cox hazard regression with the different assessments made. Considering objective parameters, PCH patients showed a 69%-81% improvement in symmetry and weight-bearing reduction, respectively, while HG showed 61% and 57% improvements. These seem to be the preferred treatments for functional impairments due to OA. In addition to these evaluations, PCG and HG also registered more significant improvements in several scores as Hudson Visual Analogue Scale, stiffness, function, gait of the Canine Orthopedic Index. Better impact on pain interference was observed in THG, which could be attributed to the high anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids, and the relation between pain and inflammation.

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Kianifar, Arash. "Case-based reasoning in postoperative pain treatment". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12169.

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Even today, with modern medicine and technology, post-operative pain still exists as anmajor issue in modern treatment. A lot of research efforts have been made, in order toimprove pain outcome for patients that has undergone surgery[18][15].Even though physician's and doctors are well educated, the success rate is aboutapproximately 70 %, still there are patients that experience severe pain, after they haveundergone surgery. There could be several reasons to this, for example, lack of methods orsupport should be amongst other things, factors to consider[18].The problem has been to initiate a case-library and eventually create a tool, that could aidphycisians or doctors in their decision making, which hopefully would help in improvingpain outcome. The chosen method to do this, is a modified version of the CBR-algorithm,which is an artificial intelligence algorithm. The CBR-algorithm makes use of features,solution and outcome, and is implemented with a simple prototype, as a similarity function.The are several reasons for why this method was chosen, but using this method makes itpossible to easily create a web-based tool, so it can easily be accessed from anywhere, butstill be effective and work as a support tool.The algorithm works as a self learning mechanism, and is easy to implement, and theinterface has been constructed, allowing the phycisian or doctor to retrieve informationabout patients and run CBR. The desired results are as expected, it's possible to run theCBR, retrieve and compare cases, and get suggestion of solution or action that should beperformed.The conclusion that can be made, is that, although this is a very basic working medicalapplication, still an overall improvement is needed in order to be used as a medicalapplication. It's anyhow a start. For more details and information, check the appendicesplease.
The PainOut Project

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Doverty, Mark. "Acute pain management in methadone maintenance treatment". Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd743.pdf.

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"December 2001" Includes bibliography. In the light of a general concensus that in the treatment of pain, patients with a prior history of substance abuse (particulary opioid dependence) appear to be at increased risk for pain mismanagement problems, this thesis aims to produce data that will eventually help in the formulation of prescribing guidelines, improved policies, and help direct optimal acute pain management for methadone maintenance patients.

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Lund, Iréne. "Pain, its assessment and treatment using sensory stimulation techniques : methodological considerations /". Stockholm : Department of physiology and pharmacology, Karolinska institutet, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-786-3/.

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Libri sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Lamont, Leigh A. Pain management. Guelph, Ontario: Lifelearn, 2005.

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Flecknell, P. A., e Avril Waterman-Pearson. Pain management in animals. London: W.B. Saunders, 2000.

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Pain management in small animals. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier, 2006.

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Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.). Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals. Recognition and alleviation of pain in laboratory animals. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009.

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Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.). Committee for Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals. Recognition and alleviation of pain in laboratory animals. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009.

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Shearer, Tamara S. High-tech pain management for pets: Low-level laser therapy : user's manual for verterinarians. Columbus, OH: Ohio Distinctive Publishing, 2004.

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Recognition and alleviation of pain in laboratory animals. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009.

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North, American Veterinary Conference (1996 Orlando Fla ). Predictable pain management: New approaches to analgesia, anesthesia, and sedation : proceedings of a symposium, Sunday, January 14, 1996, the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida. [Florida]: Veterinary Learning Systems Co., 1996.

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1946-, Muir William, a cura di. Handbook of veterinary pain management. 2^a ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 2009.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Jabbari, Bahman. "Analgesic Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxins: Data from Animal Studies". In Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain Disorders, 15–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2501-8_2.

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Quandt, Jane. "Recognition and Treatment of Pain in the Small Animal Critical Care Patient". In Pain Management in Veterinary Practice, 311–15. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118999196.ch28.

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Gross, David R. "Preanesthesia, Anesthesia, Chemical Restraint, and the Recognition and Treatment of Pain and Distress". In Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, 17–54. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95962-7_2.

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Maurer, Adrian J., Kenneth D. Candido e Nebojsa Nick Knezevic. "Radiofrequency Treatment". In Pain, 869–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_185.

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Aboumerhi, Hassan, e Magdalena Anitescu. "Principles of Treatment". In Pain, 945–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_201.

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Shepler, John A., e Tamara Chambers. "Non-pharmacologic Treatment". In Pain, 1023–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_218.

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Cruz, Maireni R. "Treatment of Withdrawal". In Pain, 1163–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_249.

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Forsmark, C. E. "Pain Treatment". In Facing the Pancreatic Dilemma, 135–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79167-3_19.

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Kanner, Ronald. "Pain Treatment". In Handbook of Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies, 69–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0476-8_8.

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Gupta, Rajesh. "Radiofrequency Treatment". In Pain Management, 119–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55061-4_51.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Budsberg, S., B. Torres, S. Kleine, G. Sandberg e A. Berjeski. "Lack of Treatment Efficacy of Tramadol on Pain and Dysfunction of Chronic Osteoarthritic (OA) Joints in Dogs". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660878.

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Erthal, V., e P. Nohama. "Treatment for neuropathic pain and chronic inflammation using LASER in animal models". In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7318610.

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Willett, Nick J., M. Alice Li, Brent A. Uhrig, Gordon L. Warren e Robert E. Guldberg. "Muscle Injury Attenuates BMP-2 Mediated Tissue Regeneration in a Novel Rat Model of Composite Bone and Muscle Injury". In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53589.

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Musculoskeletal diseases and injuries are a major burden on society, representing the most common cause of pain and impaired function worldwide. Composite injuries involving bone and the surrounding soft tissue comprise one of the most challenging musculoskeletal conditions to return to normal function. During repair of these injuries there is a loss of the synergistic interactions between adjacent tissues resulting in impaired bone regeneration. Additionally, local soft tissue ischemia may also be a contributing factor to increased infection rates observed in severe composite tissue injuries. Muscle has been implicated as a source for re-vascularization, osteoprogenitor cells and osteogenic factors, as well as a contributor to the biomechanical stimuli; however, associated studies have mostly been qualitative in nature, offering little insight into the mechanistic nature of the relationship of soft tissue to bone regeneration. Small animal models of critically sized bone defects are an efficient means to test engraftment strategies of novel constructs and therapeutics particularly in terms of functional restoration of a limb. Our lab previously developed a critically-sized rat segmental defect model with which we have quantitatively assessed bone regeneration using numerous constructs and therapeutic treatments [1]. Our objective was to develop a composite injury model by combining this segmental defect model with a muscle injury adjacent to the bone defect. We hypothesized that animals with a composite injury would have attenuated BMP-2 mediated tissue regeneration as compared to animals with a single tissue injury.

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Murienne, Barbara J., Michael J. Girard, Lise Loerup, Alexandra Boussommier-Calleja, Sandra J. Shefelbine, Massimo Marenzana e C. Ross Ethier. "An Automated Histologic System for 3D Histomorphometry of the Mouse Knee". In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53443.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is a leading cause of adult pain and disability in Western countries1. Clinically, several structural features of the joint are important in diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy, e.g. cartilage volume, homogeneity and joint space narrowing2,3. In animal models of OA, structural features such as bone defects and cartilage changes are commonly investigated using histomorphometry, a technique that uses stereological point counting and manual tracing of regions of interest to extract 3-dimensional (3D) geometrical properties from 2D histology slides. This is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer variations, hence limiting precision 4,5. Therefore, a technique for rapidly imaging joint structures in 3D at high resolution, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone, is currently needed in pre-clinical OA research.

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Otis, C., B. Monteiro, M. Moreau, K. Cristofanilli, D. Aoudj, M. Tardif, J. Pelletier, J. Castillo, B. Lussier e E. Troncy. "Effect of Conditioned Pain Modulation on Somatosensory Profile in Surgical Models of Osteoarthritis Pain in Rats and Dogs". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660888.

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Allen, P., K. Kiefer, R. Scott, D. Groschen e M. Conzemius. "Synovial Fluid Cytokine Concentrations and Limb Function in Normal Dogs and in Dogs with Lameness from Spontaneous Osteoarthritis". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660877.

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Dullen, D., L. Zieske e M. Mohanty. "Observational Study Monitoring Pain in 25 Dogs Comparing Novel Non-Invasive Device and Veterinary Diagnosis to Differentiate Location and Magnitude of Pain". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660879.

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Eskander, B., D. Lascelles, R. Evans, M. Enomoto, M. Barbar e M. Conzemius. "Translation of Activity Monitoring in Normal Dogs Towards Distance Travelled". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660880.

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Knazovicky, D., M. Freire, B. Case, D. Gearing e B. Lascelles. "Pilot Evaluation of The Effect of Anti-nerve Growth Factor Antibody on Sensory System Function in Dogs with Degenerative Joint Disease-Associated Pain". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660881.

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Knazovicky, D., E. Helgeson, B. Case, A. Thomson, M. Gruen, W. Maixner e B. Lascelles. "Replicate Effects and Test–Retest Reliability of Quantitative Sensory Threshold Testing in Dogs with and without Chronic Pain". In Pain in Animals Workshop 2017: Abstracts. Schattauer GmbH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660882.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Pain in animals Treatment"

Brasure, Michelle, Victoria A. Nelson, Shellina Scheiner, Mary L. Forte, Mary Butler, Sanket Nagarkar, Jayati Saha e Timothy J. Wilt. Treatment for Acute Pain: An Evidence Map. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), ottobre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb33.

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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, Judith A. Turner, Janna L. Friedly, Sean D. Rundell, Rongwei Fu et al. Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), giugno 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahqrepccer209.

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Hutchinson, Mark, Janet Coller, Jillian Clark, Ruth Marshall, James Middleton, Vicky Staikopoulos, Melanie Gentgall, Francesca Alvaro e Kathy Heyman. Chronic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Immunogenetics and Time of Injury Pain Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613751.

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Hutchinson, Mark, Janet Coller, Jillian Clark, Ruth Marshall, James Middleton, Vicky Staikopoulos, Francesca Alvaro e Kathy Heyman. Chronic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Immunogenetics and Time of Injury Pain Treatment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569291.

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Gebhardt, Stefan. The neurobiology of depression and the dilemma of pain treatment. Science Repository Oü, ottobre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.nnb.2018.10.007.

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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, Judith A. Turner, Janna L. Friedly, Sean D. Rundell, Rongwei Fu et al. Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), aprile 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer227.

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Floyd, Candance L. Treatment of Neuropathic Pain after SCI with a Catalytic Oxidoreductant. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622188.

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Robbins, Meredith T. Intranasal Oxytocin for the Treatment of Pain Associated with Interstitial Cystitis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573181.

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