Tesi sul tema "Paiement prospectif au cas"
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Vermeulin, Thomas. "Influence of social deprivation on the treatment of cancer patients : hospital lengths of stay and unplanned hospitalisations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD038.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we use applied econometric methods to analyse the influence of social deprivation on hospital lengths of stay (used as a proxy for hospital costs) in cancer patients. We also analyse the relevance of using the frequency of unplanned hospitalisations as an indicator of hospital care quality for cancer patients. In the first chapter, we show that the most deprived patients have hospital stays that are 4% longer on average, even after controlling for variables corresponding to components of the current hospital payment system. In the second chapter, we show that patients’ social deprivation decreases the probability of day-surgery in breast cancer, despite the fact that the pricing system aims to encourage day-surgery by setting the payment for inpatient surgery (which is more costly for hospitals) at the same level as that of day-surgery. Our results suggest that this incentive could have a deleterious effect on hospitals treating a high proportion of deprived patients. The results of the first two chapters suggest that the additional costs associated with treating the most deprived patients should be taken into account in the funding model, in order to limit the risk of selection and therefore provide arguments for adapting the hospital payment system. We propose using the European Deprivation Index as a measure of social deprivation to support a possible additional payment, as this indicator cannot be manipulated by hospital managers. In the third chapter, we show that the rate of unplanned hospitalisations is not a good indicator of the quality of cancer care, particularly for patients with moderate or high social deprivation. Consequently, a quality financing system based on this type of indicator could penalize hospitals treating a high proportion of deprived patients
Popiolek, Nathalie. "Modèle prospectif de consommation d'énergie dans l'agriculture : le cas de la fertilisation azotée a l'horizon 2010". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21027.
Testo completoThe first part of this thesis gives a critical overview of available forecasting methods. After this survey, the methodology chosen for the construction of the model is presented. This construction constitutes the second stage of this work. The "energy and nitrogen fertilization" system is defined (list of key variables for its evolution towards the year 2010 and analysis of their relationships) and then modelized highlighting the nitrogen fertilizers demand. The demand is determined for the year 2010 by the mean of a linear programming model (aropaj) based on farmers' cropping choices. This model, first used for short and middle terms is adapted for the long term (2010) by using peripheral models projecting the fixed factors (in the short term) of agricultural holdings and their way of producing. These projections are based on experts inquiries (delphi) constitutes the third part of this thesis. These scenarios constitute the patterns of simulation running on the linear programme to test the impact of the future common agricultural policy or the introduction of technological innovations
Mekannez, Leila. "La préposition entre structure syntaxique et résolution sémantique : le cas des compléments prépositionnels de verbes construits avec la préposition à". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2142/document.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to determine whether the meaning attributed to the preposition is primarily semantic or not. The aim is then to prove that though it is grammatically fixed, it can vary since it is shaped by its context, thereby assembled by multiple discourse combinations. In the present research, the focus is then centred on the study of the relationship between the preposition and the verb it determines. Accordingly, several other related elements will be studied as they intervene in the act of interpreting meaning itself. The thesis of this Ph.D dissertation suggests that the preposition has a given core identity which is determined by the verb itself and which by implication determines the meaning and the nature of the syntactic complement as well.This thesis contends then that form and meaning do vary considerably but still simultaneously. In other words, what determines form determines by implication meaning as well. The present thesis seeks then to study the different aspects and mechanics of the relationship between the verb and its preposition.In the present thesis, the study of the preposition requires all verb complements to remain separate from the different types of prepositional groups. The second chapter attempts then to re-examine the contentions of classical theories, particularly with reference to Laview’s article (2006). In order to effectively study the multiple differences and distinctions between the different syntactic classes, a scalar approach is adopted. The findings demonstrate in fact that the relationship between the verb and its complement is constantly varying. Actually, the fifth chapter of the second part includes the corpus needed to attest the research questions.The semantic research part of the present thesis, seeks in fact to further elaborate the principle that relates meaning to form. In order to demonstrate that, the approach has been based on the characteristics of the syntactic complements which are actually the main target of the analysis in the first part of the thesis.Conducting then a comparative analysis of different types of verbs which are all related by their respective preposition complement “à”, the following findings are deduced:- The nature of the verb is determined by the type of the preposition- The preposition introduces its complement meanwhile identifying the nature of the verb itself- Regardless of the nature or the type of the verb, what the preposition adds to meaning remains the sameThe main objective of this research work is then to offer new and pertinent assumptions concerning the role and function of the preposition “à”, meanwhile still taking into consideration former critical assumption advocated by Grévisse, Gougenheim, Guillaume, Pottier and Cadiot°. Since the main focus of this research work is to study the semantic identity of the preposition “à”, the approach has been based on an attempt to validate or refute all former semantic assumptions presented by former writers, exploring then the different aspects of the relationship between the verb and the preposition based of the corpus of LVF. The analysis of the different examples studied required also that a nominalisation test and a telicity test should be conducted. The following are the main findings:- There is no definite syntactic difference between the verb and the nominalised structure- The empirical study of LVF which seeks to distinguish the different dative cases reveals that the idea of interchangeability is not at the very basis of the meaning of the verb itself- The lexical dative does not automatically entail deletion of the GP since the idea of interchangeability is primarily expressed by the meaning of the verb itself- The preposition “à” designates both the origin and the recipient as well. It is a in fact linear retrospective movement which allows the process of interchangeability
Cuvellier, Daniel. "Tentatives de suicide : recensement prospectif et approche sociologique à propos de cent cas successifs dans le Roannais". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11074.
Testo completoLabbé, Jean. "La réciprocité en présence d'un paiement à la pièce : une expérience économique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25470/25470.pdf.
Testo completoHasnaoui, Amir. "Intention d'adoption et utilisation d'une technologie émergente : le cas de la NFC appliquée aux systèmes de paiement électronique de détail (paiement sans contact)". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0005.
Testo completoWith the emergence of near-field technology (NFC), mobile terminal have become a true instrument of contactless payment. This type of system is a new opportunity to boost the electronic payment systems (EPS) for the micropayment. The objective of this research is to develop a model and measurement tools to handle and to identify factors influencing the acceptance of these systems. Based on the paradigms of the acceptance of technology and research around the SPE, we have developed a conceptual model which integrates the UTAUT and TTF. This model allows both to consider the adoption strategies of individuals and their intention to adopt. Indeed, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions are no longer sufficient for a technology to be adopted. The capabilities of this technology have to match the tasks that the user will perform. Our result have been measured and validated thanks to structural equations analysis of data collected from a sample of 629 individuals
Vieille, Pascal. "Le choix du mode de paiement dans les offres publiques d'acquisition : le cas français". Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21004.
Testo completoThis research provides a theorical and empirical analysis of the choice of payment in takeovers. The sample firms used are french firms acquired during 25 years. The results of theorical literature are examined. We present a model consistent with the existence of asymmetric information. In this model, acquiring firms can pay with cash, stock, or a combination of the two. We show that choice is real, premium and abnormals returns around the announcement are decreasing with cash. The empirical results suggest no influence of liquidity but of the "market value of the acquired market value of the acquiring firm" ratio. The impact of capital gains tax and managerial motivations is no consistent with our results. When the success of acquisition is uncertain, payment appears like a way to succeed. In the other case, the mix of cash and stock is an attempt to reduce the cost of acquisition. Acquiring firms are motived by the influence of payment on the earnings per share. Abnormals returns around the announcement show that the mode of payment conveys information concerning the value of the bidder. But the post-acquisition performance of acquiring firms is no different
Gamdji, Mohamadou. "La protection du commerçant en cas de paiement par chèque : la sécurité du chèque". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10151.
Testo completoConstantinou, Panayotis. "« Élaboration de deux indices de morbidité dans le Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS) - Application à l'identification de populations à risque et à la définition de modèles de paiement prospectif des soins »". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS039.
Testo completoThe accurate characterization of health-state severity has been a central concern in most health-related research or policy fields. A common approach to take into account health-state severity is the use of summary measures, usually referred to as indices or scores, based on predictive modeling methods. With the increasing availability of routinely collected standardized data in medico-administrative databases, such summary measures are more widely used for research purposes or to inform policy making. The French national health data system (SNDS) is particularly adapted to predictive modeling as it allows morbidity measurement, longitudinal follow-up and the study of health-related outcomes. We propose two morbidity indices developed using SNDS data and illustrate their utilization in two application studies.We developed and validated two outcome-specific morbidity indices in a nationwide population of people aged 65 years or older: the Mortality-Related Morbidity Index (MRMI) predictive of 2-year mortality and the Expenditure-Related Morbidity Index (ERMI) predictive of healthcare expenditure over 2 years and reflecting the intensity of healthcare utilization. The MRMI and ERMI indices have better overall performance and better calibration than comparable Charlson indices.As an application of the morbidity indices to case-identification, we studied the risk of readmission in heart failure (HF) patients. To analyze readmission predictors, we distinguished HF severity from overall morbidity measured through the MRMI and ERMI indices and took into account the competing mortality risk. Risk-groups defined upon HF severity and overall morbidity, available at admission, have a 40% separation in HF readmission incidence and specific patterns of risk over the 1-year follow-up period.As an application to payment models, we compared the performance of the MRMI and ERMI indices, among other predictors, for expenditure prediction. Models were applied to prediction of overall, inpatient and outpatient individual expenditure, for people aged 65 or older and for HF patients aged 65 or older. To illustrate the use of predictive models for prospective resource allocation, we compared predicted with observed mean individual expenditure at the area of residence level. Health-state severity measured through the MRMI and ERMI was the most important predictor, both at the individual and area of residence level.The MRMI and ERMI indices are performant tools for outcome-specific severity adjustment in studies using SNDS data. They can be used as stratification or adjustment variables, or among other predictors in predictive models
Mondongou, Ginette. "Crise de trésorerie de l'Etat, arriérés de paiement et performances macroéconomiques : le cas de la République Centrafricaine". Clermont 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10239.
Testo completoDomestic payment arrears by the State has accrue in important proportions these last years in various countries (Central African Republic, Russia, etc. ). The thesis has for objective to determine the macroeconomic consequences of this way of financing budget deficit
Ba, Zrampieu Sarah. "Qualité et accessibilité aux services de soins maternels et infantiles dans un contexte d’exemption de paiement : cas de la Côte-d’Ivoire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12012.
Testo completoFrom April 2011, Ivorian authorities decided adoption of the exemption from payment of medical fees for users of public health institutions and community based. In February 2012, measure of total exemption from payment of medical fees takes end and leaves room to free care, targeted to pregnant women and children under five. This targeted free represents transitional step toward the establishment of universal health coverage. Also, since its adoption in February 2012, the policy of exemption of direct payment targeted to pregnant women and children under five is applied in Côte-d’Ivoire? What are the consequences of the implementation of this policy on the quality and accessibility of maternal and child care in Côte-d’Ivoire? These are the question to which our research will try to answer from a theoretical framework, mainly based on economic theories. These theories are theory of informational asymmetry, Lancasterian theory and approach by capabilities. In order to meet our research questions, we have achieved quantitative analysis of data from surveys of living standards of households carried out by National Institute of Statistics of Côte-d’Ivoire in 2008 and 2015. On the other hand, we realized structured and in-depth interviews, during May 2016 and January 2017, with patients, health providers, and individuals who live close to health centres selected. The main results of our analyses concern partial application of exemption from direct payment, maintaining quality and accessibility to maternal and child healthcare services, and finally, difficult transition to universal health coverage
Figuet, Jean-Marc. "Le risque systémique et sa prévention dans les systèmes interbancaires de paiement de gros montant : une application au cas de l'Union économique et monétaire en Europe". Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40035.
Testo completoWe try to show that the inherent characteristics of interbank payment system of high value make them particular economic objects : club goods structured in networks. The specificities of these networks justify the hierarchic working of developed monetary economies. But because of their functions and their nature, risks which born in these organisations or which are amplified by their structure in network are intolerable. So it is necessary to define new rules of working of these systems, and to estimate their capacity to guarantee capital markets stability. The previous results permit to analyse the harmonisation and standardisation of interbank payment systems in the perspective of economic and monetary union in europe
Tulyasuwan, Natcha. "REDD+ et foncier : Une étude de cas de la Thaïlande". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0022/document.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of de jure and de facto tenure security of local communities in relation to domestic legal framework and a thorough assessment of how REDD+ and current tenure arrangement interacts. Thailand, a country where there is an apparent coexistence of de jure state property and de facto tenure rights, was selected as a case study.There are two primary findings emerging from the study. Firstly, the legal framework with non-recognized customary tenure led to different de facto tenure impacts in different communities. Some communities were found to have their de facto tenure comparatively more secure than others. Secondly, REDD+ could not provide sufficient incentive for the government to expedite tenure clarification. Moreover, the embedded risks of tenure insecurity discouraged REDD+ investment and led to withdrawal of the fund. The thesis contributes to the existing literature on REDD+ and tenure in three main aspects: (1) legal framework and tenure, (2) tenure and deforestation and (3) tenure clarification and REDD+ competing agendas.Policy implications drawn from the study comprise of long-term measures namely comprehensive tenure reform and short to medium-term measures, including re-assessment of government priorities for policy consistency and pilot implementation in form of payment for environmental services (PES) and improvement of REDD+ institutional structure
Sfaksi, Nafissa. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des paysages végétaux dans un espace naturel protégé : cas du Parc National de Taza (PNT), Algérie". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20061.
Testo completoUnder increasing human pressure, natural landscapes in Algeria currently undergoing changes in their composition and structure. This work aims to understand the transformation of landscape plants and highlight their spatio-temporal dynamics. Taza National Park (3807 ha) high biodiversity hotspot in Algeria and Biosphere Reserve served as an experimental site for the proposed modeling. The joint use of statistics and geomatics has provided powerful tools to analyze and model the changes in the structure and composition of natural habitats. Initially the floristic surveys were used to characterize their composition. Six vegetation associations were identified with a tendency to matorralisation forest formations. The use in a second time of Landsat images has achieved a track record Land use / Cover Changes between 2003 and 2011. It has been noticed that there has been an increase of 15.22% surfaces scrub against a decline of 188.57 ha of sclerophyllous forests and 348.15 ha of forest deciduous oak. The calibration of the simulation model proved difficult especially as the evaluation of the relationship between observed and explanatory factors highlighted the complexity of interdependencies in Mediterranean ecosystems. The model evaluation highlighted the studied phenomena complexity and the limitations of available data. Nevertheless, this has allowed us to confirm the trends observed landscape evolution.Overall, this work has enabled a recent mapping of the land, establishing a database on natural habitats and LUCC and developing a forward simulation model of landscape plants.Despite the limitations encountered, this study wanted to be a relevant approach by prospective landscape dynamics modeling in Algeria, which will be extremely useful in the management of sensitive natural areas
Tulyasuwan, Natcha. "REDD+ et foncier : Une étude de cas de la Thaïlande". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0022.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of de jure and de facto tenure security of local communities in relation to domestic legal framework and a thorough assessment of how REDD+ and current tenure arrangement interacts. Thailand, a country where there is an apparent coexistence of de jure state property and de facto tenure rights, was selected as a case study.There are two primary findings emerging from the study. Firstly, the legal framework with non-recognized customary tenure led to different de facto tenure impacts in different communities. Some communities were found to have their de facto tenure comparatively more secure than others. Secondly, REDD+ could not provide sufficient incentive for the government to expedite tenure clarification. Moreover, the embedded risks of tenure insecurity discouraged REDD+ investment and led to withdrawal of the fund. The thesis contributes to the existing literature on REDD+ and tenure in three main aspects: (1) legal framework and tenure, (2) tenure and deforestation and (3) tenure clarification and REDD+ competing agendas.Policy implications drawn from the study comprise of long-term measures namely comprehensive tenure reform and short to medium-term measures, including re-assessment of government priorities for policy consistency and pilot implementation in form of payment for environmental services (PES) and improvement of REDD+ institutional structure
Nassiri, Nabil. "Le financement des hôpitaux, apports des réseaux de télémédecine, validations empiriques". Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES6001.
Testo completoThe Prospective Payment System aims to restore the economic efficiency of the hospital financing policies. However, many works show that it generates also undesirable effects. Among these effects, we are interested in the trade-off in terms of health care quality and patients selection that causes patients transfers. The main aim of this thesis is to show that telemedicine networks make it possible to mitigate these effects and to reduce the transfer decision, with this intention, we adopt several steps based, initially, on a theoretical model and its simulations results, and then, on two econometric validations and their empirical results. We show that telemedicine, like a complementary instrument for hospital regulation, bas considerable advantages while making it possible to fill the insufficiencies of the Yardstick competition implicit to the prospective payment. How much does a teleconsultation cost? Does it have a comparative advantage? Such are the question treated in a third impirical validation about project of Guyanese Teleconsultation. According to our results, the teleconsultation proved to be profitable on one site but not on the others because of the organizational problems, These results are to be deepened taking into account the weak duration of observation, All benefits of the telemedicine are net taken into account by the one-criterion evaluation methods. We suggest two approaches to consider its total effectiveness: the contingent evaluation and the multi-criterion analysis
Lepage, Patrick. "Pression des pairs, Incitatifs et Qualité : une analyse expérimentale en situation de travail". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24478/24478.pdf.
Testo completoSammoud, Rihab. "La diffusion de la stratégie au sein de l’entreprise : le cas du secteur bancaire". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40037.
Testo completoThis study deals with the communication of strategy within the banking sector. Our aim was to highlight the key steps involved in the communication process of banks, identify the challenges faced by bankers regarding that process and assess their role in the promotion of the strategy. Indeed, communication is the channel through which the strategy will be spread throughout the bank. Yet, the understanding and defense of the strategy by the employees, greatly depends on the way it has been conveyed to them; hence the importance and relevance of communication studies. Thus, a deep understanding of communication processes in terms of form as well as content, allowed us to pinpoint the elements that might prevent the development of a common strategic representation, understood by all, and affect the quality of its implementation. Our study is essentially based on an abductive approach that consists in going back and forth between theory and confirmation on the field. This method allowed us to strengthen the validity of our conceptual framework and supplement it with examples derived from our study case. In the end, we came up with the conclusion that many elements prevent the good circulation of strategy information within a bank. The main ones being: over-information, cognitive capacities, the resistance to change, the nature of the strategy as well as the number of hierarchical levels whose most striking consequence is the failure of implementation
Boubacar, Moumouni Aissata. "Financement des PME : le cas de la région Provence -Alpes Côte d'Azur". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0081.
Testo completoThis thesis diagnoses small and medium-sized enterprises financing constraints and assesses the impact of such constraints on corporate investment. Furthermore, an attempt is made to investigate the determinants of SMEs' alternative financing sources' success, such as crowdfunding. The dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter provides novel evidence of the role of inter-enterprises paymentdeadlines which are days receivables outstanding and suppliers payable outstanding as factors determining firms' investment financingconstraints. This chapter also highlights that there is a non-negligible number of firms switching each year either fromconstrained regime to unconstrained regime or unconstrained regime to constrained one. We develop a model providingthe determinants of firms' regime change. The second chapter extends the investigation to innovative and exporting firms.The empirical investigation evidence that together, export and innovation performances dampen firms' investment sensitivity tofinancing constraints. Finally, the third chapter focuses on crowdfunding financing which represents another way for firmsfailing to secure necessary financing from banks, to raise funds for their projects. The chapter investigates the determinantsof crowdfunding success. The findings highlight that crowdfunding success is an increasing function of financial benefits. Moreover, financial gains overtake social price
Atchessi, Nicole. "Recours aux soins de santé des indigents et des personnes âgées en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas du Burkina Faso et du Nigeria". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19257.
Testo completoProblem In African countries with point-of-service healthcare user fees, financial barriers are one of the major obstacles to healthcare-seeking behaviour, and the indigent, the poorest members of society, are the most affected. To address this issue, some countries have begun developing health programs targeting indigent people to help them gain better access to healthcare by waiving healthcare fees. Unfortunately, it is a genuine challenge to identify those who are indigent. In addition, few studies have assessed the impact of user fees exemption programs on healthcare-seeking behaviour. The majority of indigent people are older with significant health needs. Older people in Africa do not often consult health professionals. The determinants regarding healthcare-seeking behaviour by older people is little-known, although proportionately, their numbers are increasing in low- and middle- income countries. They are losing their autonomy, have little income and have a high prevalence of chronic diseases and functional disabilities. These problems occur early on, especially among women. Objectives The objectives of this thesis are as follows: (i) to determine the equitable nature of a community-based selection process for indigent people in Burkina Faso that aims to exempt them from paying healthcare user fees; (ii) to measure the impact of this user fees exemption program on healthcare-seeking behaviour among indigent people; (iii) to analyze the factors associated with healthcare-seeking behaviour by older people in Nigeria. Method The conceptual framework of this study is based on the model developed by Andersen and Newman, which groups healthcare use determinants into predisposing factors (age, gender, marital status, occupation), enabling factors (income, means and know-how to access financial, food or instrumental assistance, social relationships), and needs (presence of chronic disease and vision, muscle strength and mobility limitations). To determine the equitable nature of a community-based selection of indigent people, we carried out a cross-sectional study in 2010 in the Ouargaye District of Burkina Faso, in which 1687 indigent people were interviewed. The dependent variable was possession of an exemption card. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were performed. Next, using a quasi-experimental before/after approach, we assessed the effects of this user fees exemption program on healthcare-seeking behaviour by indigent people in Burkina Faso. To that end, 1224 indigent people were interviewed in 2010 about their healthcare-seeking behaviour. Among them, 540 were selected and received an exemption card. One year later, a follow-up was conducted, with a 55.3% retention rate. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were performed. Finally, using data from a national cross-sectional study, the Nigerian 2012–2013 General Household Survey, which covers all the country’s regions, we studied healthcare-seeking behaviour by 3587 older people, of whom 850 stated that they were ill. We attempted to identify the associated factors. Weighted bivariate analyses and a weighted Poisson regression were performed. Results In Burkina Faso, healthcare payment waivers were mainly granted to widows or widowers (OR=1.40 IC 95% [1.10–1.78]), to those who do not receive financial support from their household for healthcare (OR=1.58 IC 95% [1.26–1.97], or those who live alone (OR=1.28 IC 95% [1.01–1.63]), or with their spouse (OR=2.00 IC 95% [1.35-2.96], who have vision impairment (OR=1.45 IC 95% [1.14–1.84]), who have limited muscle strength and good mobility (OR=1.73 IC 95% [1.28–2.33]). The community-based selection process of indigent people is not completely equitable, although it did enable the most needy to be selected. There are gender differences concerning healthcare-seeking behaviour determinants among indigent people. Being a widower (OR=0.53 IC 95% [0.33–0.81]), and having vision impairment (OR=0.42 IC 95% [0.28–0.63]) were factors limiting healthcare-seeking behaviour among men but not among women. Chronic diseases remain a common obstacle among men (OR=4.05 IC 95% [2.84–5.77]) and women (OR=2.14 IC 95% [1.54–2.97]). User fees exemption is not associated with an increased use of healthcare services (OR=1.1 IC 95% [0.80–1.51]). Whether they received or did not receive exemption cards, indigent people over the age of 69 (OR=1.66 IC 95% [1.05–2.64]), who were male (OR=1.44 IC 95% [0.99–2.08]), who belong to a low-income household (OR=1.71 IC 95% [1.15–2.54]), and those who had financial assistance from family to access healthcare (OR=1.59 IC 95% [1.1–2.28]), are more likely to increase their use of healthcare. In Nigeria, only 53% of older people consulted a health practitioner after an episode of illness. Lack of education (PR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.60–0.8]), low household income (PR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.5–0.9]), and residence in Nigeria’s South South (PR = 0.59 95% CI [0.4–0.7]) and South West zones (PR = 0.60 95% CI [0.4–0.7]) constituted limitations to consulting a health practitioner. Conclusion Community-based selection is one method that appears to have made it possible to select indigent people with a high prevalence of health needs and obstacles to seeking healthcare. Healthcare payment waivers are not sufficient to increase their healthcare-seeking behaviour. Healthcare use determinants differ according to gender, but chronic disease constitutes a common theme. Elderly and indigent people have common characteristics, such as advanced age, but some factors that determine their healthcare-seeking behaviour differ. The common determinant is the financial factor, i.e., the contributory capacity of these people in a context where the user pays. Until there is universal healthcare coverage, it would be appropriate to ensure that activities to improve healthcare-seeking behaviour primarily target populations with significant needs, such as indigent and elderly people, by removing financial barriers. For indigent people, however, additional measures must be included, such as accompaniment, transportation and accommodation expenses. And activities must also take existing gender differences into account among the factors determining their healthcare-seeking behaviour.
Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie. "The unintended consequences of a complex intervention combining performance-based financing with health equity measures in Burkina Faso". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24272.
Testo completoBackground: Poor quality and low utilization of healthcare services contribute to high levels of morbidity and mortality in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In response, the government of Burkina Faso tested an innovative intervention that combines performance-based financing (PBF) with health equity measures. Healthcare facilities received unit fees for targeted services and bonuses conditional upon the quality of care. To reduce inequities in access to care, community-based committees selected indigents, i.e., the poorest segment of the population, to offer them user fee exemptions. Facilities were also paid more for services delivered to indigents. Despite the potential of this type of intervention, many global health actors argue that it could lead to important unintended consequences that influence its overall impact. Yet, little attention has been given to studying the unintended consequences of this complex intervention. Objective: This thesis aims to increase the scientific knowledge on the unintended consequences of PBF combined with health equity measures in a low-income setting. Methods: We developed a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovations theory. Using a multiple case study design, we selected nine healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso. Over five months of fieldwork, we collected multiple sources of qualitative data including 104 semi-structured interviews, 266 recorded observation sessions, informal conversations and documentation. Participants included a wide range of stakeholders, such as providers, patients, and PBF verifiers. Data were coded using QDA miner to conduct a thematic analysis. We also used secondary data from the PBF routine management system to describe the evolution of services and triangulate results. Results: Interactions between the nature and implementation of the intervention, the nature of the social system, and its members’ characteristics led to important unintended consequences, most of which were undesirable. Providers were fixated on performance measures rather than on underlying objectives, falsified medical registers, and taught trainees improper practices to increase subsidies and bonuses. As a desirable unintended consequence, we found that some facilities limited the sale of non-prescribed medication to encourage patients to consult. Community verifications, in which patients are traced to verify the authenticity of reported services and patient satisfaction, also led to unintended consequences, such as the falsification of verification data, the loss of patient confidentiality, and fears among patients, although some were pleased to share their views. Lastly, health equity measures also triggered changes that were not intended by program planners. For example, providers limited the free services and medication delivered to indigents, which led to conflicts between parties. Discussion: This thesis contributes to the development of scientific knowledge on how PBF interventions, combined with equity measures, can trigger unintended consequences in a low-income setting. The results are useful to inform effective implementation and refine interventions, particularly in the health financing sector. More broadly, this thesis demonstrates the feasibility and added value of using a conceptual framework to study the unintended consequences of complex health interventions. This thesis can inspire and guide future researchers to broaden their analytical horizons to capture both intended and unintended consequences of health interventions.