Bibliografie tematiche / Oxyde conducteur

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Oxyde conducteur"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":

1

Vallar, S., e M. Goreaud. "Structure cristalline d'une forme monoclinique de TeMo5O16, oxyde à valence mixte conducteur bidimensionnel". Journal of Solid State Chemistry 129, n. 2 (marzo 1997): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1996.7256.

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2

Shimura, T., G. Egusa, H. Iwahara, K. Katahira e K. Yamamoto. "Electrochemical properties of junction between protonic conductor and oxide ion conductor". Solid State Ionics 97, n. 1-4 (1 maggio 1997): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00030-1.

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3

Thangadurai, V., A. K. Shukla e J. Gopalakrishnan. "La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mn0.2O2.85: a new oxide ion conductor". Chemical Communications, n. 23 (1998): 2647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a807529h.

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4

Sinclair, Derek C., Craig J. Watson, R. Alan Howie, Janet M. S. Skakle, Alison M. Coats, Caroline A. Kirk, Eric E. Lachowski e James Marr. "NaBi3V2O10: a new oxide ion conductor". Journal of Materials Chemistry 8, n. 2 (1998): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a707760b.

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5

Xia, Tian, Jia-Yan Li, Qin Li, Xiang-Dong Liu, Jian Meng e Xue-Qiang Cao. "A New Oxide Ion Conductor: La3GaMo2O12". Chinese Journal of Chemistry 24, n. 8 (agosto 2006): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.200690206.

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Feldman, Bernard, Harm Tolner e Douglas McLean. "15.4: Tin Oxide Transparent Conductor for PDP". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 39, n. 1 (2008): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.3069573.

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7

Heise, Martin, Bertold Rasche, Anna Isaeva, Alexey I. Baranov, Michael Ruck, Konrad Schäfer, Rainer Pöttgen, Jens‐Peter Eufinger e Jürgen Janek. "A Metallic Room‐Temperature Oxide Ion Conductor". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 53, n. 28 (7 luglio 2014): 7344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402244.

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Sammes, N. M. "Raman Spectroscopy of the Fast Oxide-Ion Conductor Bismuth Lead Oxide". ECS Proceedings Volumes 1995-1, n. 1 (gennaio 1995): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199501.0353pv.

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9

Lu, Geyu, Norio Miura e Noboru Yamazoe. "Mixed Potential Hydrogen Sensor Combining Oxide Ion Conductor with Oxide Electrode". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 143, n. 7 (1 luglio 1996): L154—L155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1836959.

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Brist, Gary, e Don Cullen. "High frequency conductor loss impact of oxide and oxide alternative processes". Circuit World 32, n. 1 (gennaio 2006): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03056120610616535.

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Più fonti
Ti possono interessare anche gli elenchi estesi di opere sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":
Articoli di riviste Tesi Libri

Tesi sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":

1

Goux, Aurélie. "Electrodépôt en présence d'additifs d'un oxyde semi-conducteur : le ZnO". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066141.

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2

Le, Boulbar Emmanuel. "Croissance par ablation laser pulsé de nouvelles phases d'oxyde de titane pour l'électronique transparente et la conversion de photons". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667730.

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Le photovoltaïque nécessite de nouveaux matériaux pour diminuer ces coûts et améliorer les rendements. Ces travaux de thèse ont concerné le développement de nouvelles phases d'oxyde de titane pour l'électronique transparente et la conversion de photon appliquée au PV silicium. L'ablation laser pulsé est une méthode de croissance particulièrement adaptée pour la prospection de matériaux aux propriétés innovantes. Le contrôle des phases anatase, rutile et d'une phase de composition TiO1.45 épitaxié en fonction de la pression partielle d'oxygène a permis de réaliser des films aux propriétés électriques, optiques innovantes. Un film biphasé anatase/rutile dopé niobium (TNO1.80) présente ainsi une transition métal-semi-conducteur aux alentours de 68K. Par ailleurs, le film de composition TiO1.45 épitaxié s'est révélé être un oxyde transparent conducteur de type p. La découverte de ce nouveau p-TCOs a été valorisée et validée par l'élaboration d'une homojonction p - n transparente. Les matrices d'oxyde de titane rutile et anatase ont également été utilisées pour accueillir des ions terres rares Ln3+ afin de convertir les photons ultra-violet du spectre solaire incident vers le proche infrarouge (800 > λ > 1100 nm). Le transfert d'énergie des matrices TiO2 vers les dopants Ln3+ a été étudié en fonction de la structure, de la quantité de dopant ainsi que la qualité de la microstructure des films dopés Ln3+ (Ln3+=Pr3+,Tm3+,Eu3+,Yb3+,Nd3+).
3

Chmielowski, Radoslaw. "Bicouche oxyde ferroélectrique / oxyde conducteur Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 / Sr4Ru2O9 : élaboration par ablation laser, caractérisations structurales et propriétés électrique". Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0007.

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Des bicouches oxyde ferroélectrique / oxyde conducteur, Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 (BLT) / Sr4Ru2O9 / Si[100] ont été élaborées par ablation laser et caractérisées du point de vue structural (microscopies électroniques, diffraction de rayons X), ainsi que des propriétés électriques (spectroscopie d’impédance et Van der Pauw). L’obtention de Sr4Ru2O9 sous forme de film constitue une première. Nous avons montré que Sr4Ru2O9 est un oxyde conducteur à haute température, alors qu’il présente un comportement semi conducteur à basse température. Concernant les couches de BLT, la polarisation est en dehors du plan pour les couches minces et parallèle au plan dans les couches épaisses qui présentent une orientation préférentielle (00). Une couche intermédiaire à base de SrTiO3 a été mise en évidence par microscopie électronique entre le substrat oxyde Sr4Ru2O9 et la couche de BLT. Elle se forme au détriment du matériau ferroélectrique
Bilayers ferroelectric oxide / conductive oxide, Bi3. 25La0. 75Ti3O12 (BLT) / Sr4Ru2O9 / Si[100] were elaborated by pulsed laser deposition. Structural characterizations were done by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction; electrical properties were measured by impedance spectroscopy and Van der Pauw’s method. It is the first time that Sr4Ru2O9 is elaborated as thin films. We have shown that Sr4Ru2O9 is a conductive oxide at high temperature and has a semiconductor behavior at low temperature. The BLT thin films have polarization out of the substrate plane. Thick films of the BLT have polarization in the plane, which corresponds to a preferential orientation (00l). An intermediate layer, based on SrTiO3, between the substrate oxide Sr4Ru2O9 and the layer of BLT, was highlighted by electron microscopy. This phase grows at the cost of the ferroelectric material
4

Ledru, Romuald. "Mesure par spectroscopie d'admittance de jonctions Métal/Oxyde/Semi-Conducteur Organique : Analyse de la réponse diélectrique du pentacène". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS035/document.

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Les transistors organiques sont la base de nombreuses applications de l'électronique organique mais leur rendement électrique ainsi que leur stabilité dans le temps sont encore des verrous technologiques devant être levés. De plus, le phénomène de transport de charges dans ces dispositifs reste une notion encore à l'étude même si différents modèles sont utilisés afin d'expliquer l'effet de champ des transistors organiques. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit cette étude portant sur la caractérisation par spectroscopie d'admittance de jonctions Métal/oxyde/semi conducteur organique/métal. Elle a pour but d'analyser le comportement électrostatique du semi conducteur organique. Les mesures de spectroscopie d'admittance ont été réalisées sur une large bande de fréquence (0.1Hz à 1Mhz) dans laquelle les pertes diélectriques mesurées peuvent être associées à des phénomènes d'orientation (oscillation) de dipôles présents dans la structure. Les réponses en fréquences montrent trois types de comportements dynamiques. A basses fréquences, nous avons observé une diffusion ionique, liée au déplacement d'ions H+ à travers la structure. A hautes fréquences, la réponse est due aux imperfections de l'oxyde. Enfin, aux fréquences intermédiaires, la réponse du semi-conducteur organique est identifiée et attribuée à des dipôles permanents. A partir de ces différentes réponses, un modèle analytique est établi et permet de décrire l'ensemble des réponses dynamiques. Le comportement du semi-conducteur est décrit par la somme d'une fonction de type Debye et de type Cole-Cole. L'analyse des paramètres de ce modèle a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence des dipôles permanents sur la permittivité du film de semi-conducteur organique. Enfin, ce modèle a été validé sur différents échantillons à base de pentacène et a été ensuite appliqué au Poly-3-hexylthiophène
Organic transistors are vital in many applications of organic electronics but the electrical performance and time stability are technological limitation in order to make this technology reliable. Moreover, in these devices, the charge transport phenomenon has not to be clearly understood even if different models are commonly used to explain the field effect in organic transistors. In this context, this thesis talks about the admittance spectroscopy characterization of metal / oxide / organic semiconductor / metal junctions and analysis the organic semiconductor electrostatic behavior.The admittance spectroscopy measurements were performed on a wide frequency range (0.1Hz to 1MHz) in which the measured dielectric loss may be associated with the orientation phenomenon (as oscillation) of dipoles present in the structure.The frequency responses show three dynamic behaviors. At low frequencies (<10Hz), we observed an ionic diffusion, which is related to the ions movement of H+ through the structure. At high frequencies, (>10kHz) the response is due to defects into the oxide. Finally, at intermediate frequencies, the organic semiconductor response is identified and assigned to the permanent dipoles into the bulk. From these responses, an analytical model is developed and used to describe the dynamic responses. The semi-conductor behavior is described by the sum of a Debye and Cole-Cole function type. The analysis of the model parameters has highlighted the influence of permanent dipoles on the organic semiconductor permittivity. Finally, this model has been agreed on different samples based on pentacene and was applied to the Poly-3-hexylthiophene
5

Temga, Temga. "Mouvement et piégeage des charges électriques dans un matériau non-conducteur anisotrope : Application au rutile (TiO2)". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2004. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ttemga.pdf.

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La caractérisation du piégeage des charges est faite par la physique des isolants chargés qui englobe plusieurs domaines tant du point de vue fondamental qu'appliqué. Elle décrit les mécanismes de conduction et de piégeage des charges électriques dans les isolants mais aborde aussi les conditions de stabilité et de relaxation de celles-ci. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux mécanismes de piégeage des charges dans un semi-conducteur à grand gap (ou isolant à faible gap) : le dioxyde de titane, rutile. La caractérisation de ces mécanismes est faite par la méthode SEMME (Scanning Electron Microscopy Mirror Effect). Les travaux réalisés ont permis de mettre en évidence une diffusion importante des charges et plus particulièrement une conduction en surface. La forte valeur de la constante diéliectrique entraîne d'un côté un effet d'écran et de l'autre une anisotropie de la distribution des charges piégées (miroirs elliptique ou circulaire). Dans ce but, un modèle analytique est proposé
Non-conductive materials and particularly solid insulators have a capacity to trap electric charges under certain conditions. The characterization of the trapping mechanisms achieved by the space charge physic, which describes not only trapping and conduction mechanisms of electric charges but also the condition of the stability and relaxation of the charges distribution. In this report, the trapping mechanisms of electric in a wide band gap semi-conductor material, are studied by the Scanning Electron Microscopy Mirror Effect. The studies have shown that electric charges diffuse, with a great leakage surface current. The high value and the anisotropy of the dielectric constant induces respectively a screening effect and an anisotropy of the distribution of trapped charges (elliptical or circular, mirors images). From the fundamental point of view, an appropiate analytical model is propose to take into account these new caracteristics
6

Bergerot, Laurent. "Etude de l'élaboration d'oxyde transparent conducteur de type-p en couches minces pour des applications à l'électronique transparente ou au photovoltaïque". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI003/document.

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L'électronique transparente est actuellement limitée par la difficulté de construire une jonction p-n transparente, en raison du manque d'oxyde transparent conducteur (TCO) de type p réellement performant. L'oxyde cuivreux Cu2O est un TCO de type p prometteur, mais sa bande interdite relativement étroite pour un TCO (2,1 eV), limite sa transmittance dans le domaine visible. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous cherchons à augmenter cette valeur. Pour cela, nous explorons la méthode MOCVD comme technique de dépôt pour le dopage au strontium et au calcium de l’oxyde cuivreux. Ce dopage est supposé élargir la bande interdite du Cu2O d'après des calculs ab initio effectués à l'institut Tyndall, à Cork. Dans le chapitre I, nous présentons le contexte de cette thèse. Après avoir expliqué les conditions que doit remplir un matériau pour être un TCO de type p, nous présentons l'état de l'art concernant le Cu2O. Dans le chapitre II, nous présentons l'ensemble des techniques utilisées dans le cadre de cette thèse, de l'élaboration (MOCVD, recuits thermiques) à la caractérisation (MEB, MET, AFM, DRX, spectroscopie FTIR, spectroscopie Raman, XPS, spectroscopie UV-vis-NIR, mesures 4 pointes et mesures d'effet Hall). Au cours du chapitre III, l'influence des paramètres de la MOCVD sur la composition et la morphologie a été analysée pour l’élaboration de couches de Cu2O pures, non dopées en vue d'établir les conditions optimales de dépôt. Nous obtenons des couches continues sur substrat de Si/SiO2, alors qu'elles sont systématiquement hétérogènes avec des zones sans dépôt sur silicium. En outre, nous mettons en évidence le risque d'obtenir la phase cuivre métallique lorsque la concentration de précurseur est élevée, la pression partielle d'oxygène faible et/ou la température élevée. Partant de ces conditions optimales, nous étudions dans le chapitre IV l'influence du dopage au strontium sur les propriétés fonctionnelles des couches (résistivité, largeur de bande interdite et transmittance dans le visible). Une chute de la résistivité a été observée lors du dopage au strontium. Les couches non dopées ont des résistivités de l'ordre de 103 Ω.cm ou plus, contre 10 Ω.cm pour les couches contenant entre 6 et 15% de strontium. La conductivité est bien de type p avec une mobilité de l’ordre de 10 cm2.V-1.s-1 et une densité de porteur de quelques 1016 cm-3. L’écart très grand entre cette densité de porteur et la teneur globale en Sr est lié à la présence d’une contamination des couches par du carbonate et du fluorure de strontium mis en évidence par FTIR et XPS. L’influence réelle de ces impuretés n’a pu être déterminée. Enfin il n'a pas été constaté de variation significative des propriétés optiques, la bande interdite restant large d'environ 2,4 eV et la transmittance moyenne entre 500 et 1000 nm de l'ordre de 55%. Des tendances similaires sont observées dans le chapitre V qui aborde le dopage au calcium, avec comme particularité le fait pour un fort taux de dopage et sous assistance UV, d'aboutir à la présence d'espaces vides localisés à l'interface substrat/Cu2O qui pourrait être lié à la décomposition du carbonate de calcium. Finalement, nous procédons à des recuits thermiques des couches, dopées ou non, dans le chapitre VI. Pour les couches non dopées, cela permet de diminuer la résistivité jusqu’à des valeurs de 10-100 Ω.cm. Pour les couches dopées, cela permet aux couches ayant une résistivité initiale de 10 Ω.cm de descendre jusqu'à 1 Ω.cm. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons établi les effets du dopage au Sr ou Ca qui conduisent à une forte chute de résistivité sans impact sur les propriétés optiques à la différence des résultats prévus par les calculs ab initio. Nous sommes ainsi parvenus à améliorer les propriétés des couches Cu2O transparentes de type p
Transparent electronic is currently limited by the lack of a really performant p-type transparent conducting oxide (TCO), which makes the elaboration of a transparent p-n junction challenging. Cuprous oxide Cu2O is a promising p-type TCO, but its optical transmittance in the visible spectrum is limited by its relatively low band gap (2.1 eV). In this thesis, we aim at increasing this value. To achieve that, we explore MOCVD as the growth method for strontium and calcium doping of cuprous oxide. According to ab-initio calculations performed at Tyndall Institute in Cork, doping with these elements is supposed to increase the band gap of Cu2O. In chapter I, we introduce the context of this thesis. After explaining the required conditions that a material must fulfil to be a p-type TCO, we present the state of the art of Cu2O. In chapter II, we present all the techniques used in this work, from the elaboration (MOCVD, thermal annealing) to characterization (SEM, TEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, 4 point probe and Hall effect measurement). In chapter III, our objective is to synthesize pure, undoped Cu2O thin films. We explore the influence of the MOCVD parameters on the films composition and morphology. We get homogenous films on Si/SiO2 substrates, while we get heterogeneous films with un-deposited parts on silicon substrate. In addition, we show the risk to get the metallic copper phase when precursor concentration is high, oxygen partial pressure is low, and/or temperature is high. This enables us to determine the optimal deposition conditions. Starting from those optimal conditions, we study the influence of strontium doping on the functional properties of the films (resistivity, band gap and visible light transmittance) in chapter IV. A decrease of resistivity was observed with strontium doping. While undoped films show resistivity values of 103 Ω.cm or more, films doped from 6 to 15% strontium show resistivity values of about 10 Ω.cm. P-type conductivity was confirmed through Hall effect measurements, with a mobility close to 10 cm2.V-1.s-1 and a charge carrier density of about 1016 cm-3. The large difference between this carrier density and the Sr concentration can be linked with the presence of a strontium carbonate and fluoride contamination that was detected by FTIR and XPS. The exact influence of those impurities is not well known. In addition, no significant variation of optical properties was observed, the band gap remained close to 2.4 eV and average transmittance in the 500-1000 nm range was about 55%. Similar tendencies were observed for calcium doping, addressed in chapter V. Calcium doping showed the particularity of leading to the presence of cavities localized at the substrate/Cu2O interface, for a high dopant concentration and under UV assistance. Eventually, we performed thermal annealing on some samples, doped and undoped, in chapter VI. For undoped samples, it allowed to decrease resistivity in the 10-100 Ω.cm range. For doped samples, it allows samples showing initial resistivity of about 10 Ω.cm to decrease it to 1 Ω.cm. No impact of thermal annealing on sample morphology or composition was observed. In this thesis, we successfully established the effects of Sr or Ca doping, which lead to a significant decrease of the resistivity without impact on the optical properties, unlike what was predicted by the ab initio calculations. We were thus able to improve the p-type transparent Cu2O thin films properties
7

Nguyen, Duc-Tuong. "Utilisation d’un oxyde comme couche tampon à l’interface électrode/semi-conducteur organique dans une cellule photovoltaïque". Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ee999c44-b1be-41e0-8376-9366df9762a7.

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Ces travaux concernent l’utilisation d'un oxyde comme couche tampon à l'interface électrode/semi-conducteur organique dans une cellule photovoltaïque afin d’en augmenter le rendement et la durée de vie. A l’heure actuelle les performances des cellules photovoltaïques organiques sont limitées par la barrière de potentiel à l'interface électrode/semi-conducteur et le drainage médiocre des charges vers les électrodes. Notre étude porte sur l’optimisation de couches minces de NiO déposées par pulvérisation cathodique réactive DCMS et HiPIMS. Nous avons montré que les conditions de décharge telles que la pression, puissance et pourcentage de gaz réactif jouent un rôle déterminant sur la qualité des films de NiO. Les films obtenus étaient bien cristallisés avec une orientation préférentielle (111) ou (200) selon qu’ils étaient sur-stœchiométriques en nickel ou oxygène. L’écart à la stœchiométrie permettant d’augmenter la conductivité mais diminuant la transmittance. Les recuits réalisés sur ces films ont montré qu’ils devenaient transparents quelle que soit leur composition initiale tout en gardant une orientation préférentielle représentative de leur teneur en oxygène initiale. Pour les films de NiO déposés par HiPIMS nous avons montré qu’il était possible de contrôler finement la quantité d’oxygène dans nos films en faisant varier la largeur des pulses et par la même d’ajuster le gap optique depuis 3,28 eV jusque 4,18 eV en fonction de la largeur de pulse. Ensuite nous avons montré qu’en introduisant une couche mince de NiO à l’interface ITO/Organique on pouvait améliorer le rendementd'un facteur 3 et multiplier la durée de vie des cellules photovoltaïques organiquespar plus de 17. Enfin, nous avons optimisé les propriétés électriques et optiques des structures multicouches MoO3/Ag/MoO3et montré qu’on pourrait, à terme, remplacer l’ITO par une structure MoO3(20 nm)/Ag(10nm)/MoO3(35nm)
This work involved the use of an oxide as the buffer layer at the electrode / organic semiconductor interface in a photovoltaic cell in order to increase the efficiency and lifetime. Currently the efficiency of organic solar cells is restricted by the high potential barrier at the electrode / semiconductor contact and inefficiencies in the transport of electric charges to the electrodes. Our study focuses on the optimization of NiO thin films deposited by reactive sputtering DCMS and HIPIMS. We have shown that the discharge conditions such as pressure, power and percentage of reactive gas play an important role on the properties of NiO thin films. The films were well crystallized with a preferential orientation (111) or (200) related to the sub-stoichiometric in oxygen or nickel. The deviation from stoichiometry leads to an increase of the conductivity but also to a decrease of the transmittance. After annealing processing, these films became transparent whatever their initial composition while maintaining a preferred orientation which is representative of their initial oxygen content. For NiO thin films deposited by HIPIMS we have proved that it was possible to precisely control the amount of oxygen in our films by varying the pulse width but also possible to adjust the optical gap from 3. 28 eV up 4. 18 eV. Then we have shown that by introducing a thin layer of NiO at the ITO / Organic semi-conductor interface, the performance and the lifetime of organic solar cells could be improve by 3 and more than 17 times respectively. Finally, we optimized electrical and optical properties of multilayer structures MoO3/Ag/MoO3 that could eventually replace the ITO by a structure MoO3 (20 nm) / Ag (10 nm) / MoO3 (35 nm)
8

Ndilimabaka, Hervé Maurice. "Etude de l'oxyde magnétique semi-conducteur Fe2-xTixO3±δ : du contrôle de l'interaction d'échange à la polarisation de spin". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0022.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des propriétés physiques, en films minces, de la solution solide Fe2-xTixO3-d (x=0. 5, 0. 7 et 1; 0double échange avec axe facile hors du plan, et avec elle de la magnétorésistance
This thesis is based upon the study of physical properties, in thin films (70 double-exchange type transition with an easy axis being out of plan and magnetoresistance phenomenon are observed around T~110K
9

Chehadi, Zeinab. "Nanostructures hybrides Au/Semi-conducteur : investigation des effets plasmoniques en catalyse sous lumière visible". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0016/document.

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Grâce à ses propriétés optiques originales, une NanoParticule d’Or (NPO) excitée peut se comporter comme une nano-source de lumière, de chaleur et d’électrons chauds. Ces propriétés plasmoniques remarquables sont exploitées dans de nombreuses transformations chimiques. Dans ce contexte, la photocatalyse plasmonique basée sur le transfert d’électrons entre une NPO et un semi-conducteur a été proposée. Cependant, peu d’études sont centrées sur l’influence du plasmon et la contribution respective de ses effets locaux (thermiques et électroniques) sur ce transfert utilisé en photocatalyse. Ici, nous abordons ces problématiques à travers 3 réactions catalytiques. Premièrement, nous montrons la faisabilité de l'oxydation efficace et sélective de glycérol sans aucune source externe de chaleur grâce à l’effet thermoplasmonique local de la NPO. Nous étudions ensuite la dégradation de bisphénol-A sur différents supports catalytiques. Nos résultats montrent que la NPO joue un rôle primordial à travers le transfert d’électrons mais aussi en tant que nano-source de chaleur permettant d’accélérer la cinétique et d’éliminer ainsi totalement et rapidement ce perturbateur endocrinien. Enfin, nous avons développé un montage optique pour étudier la dégradation de polluants à l'échelle nanométrique. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé un système hybride à base de NPOs couplées à un nanofilm de TiO2 par structuration laser. Nos travaux montrent que l’activité catalytique est corrélée aux dimensions structurales des NPOs. Ces résultats ouvrent la voie vers l'exploitation de nombreux processus industriels sous lumière solaire
The excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of Gold NanoParticles (GNPs) can give many physical effects such as near-field enhancement, heat generation and hot electron injection, which have been investigated in many chemical transformations. In that context, the plasmonic photocatalysis based on electron transfer from GNP to a semi-conductor has been proposed. However, few studies are focused on the influence of LSPR features and the respective contribution of its local effects (thermal and electronic) on the photocatalytic activity. These issues are addressed herein through 3 catalytic reactions. First, the efficient and selective oxidation of glycerol in the presence of supported GNPs is demonstrated under laser irradiation and without any external source of heat, thanks to the local heat generation and hot electron transfer. The respective contributions of these effects is further investigated in plasmonic photocatalysis by following the degradation of Bisphenol-A. Our results show that GNP plays a major role through hot electron transfer but also as a nano-source of heat that accelerates the reaction and leads to a fast and total elimination of this endocrine disruptor. Finally, an optical set-up is developed for studying the plasmonic photocatalysis at the nanoscale. For this, a hybrid system of GNPs coupled to a TiO2 nanofilm is realized by laser nanostructuring. Our investigations show that photocatalytic activity is correlated to the LSPR (size and shape of GNPs, hot spots). These results open the way for exploiting valuable and industrial reactions under solar light
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Temga, Temga Treheux Daniel. "Mouvement et piégeage des charges électriques dans un matériau non-conducteur anisotrope Application au rutile (TiO2) /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/ttemga.pdf.

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Libri sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":

1

International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors (26th 1999 Berlin, Germany). Compound semiconductors 1999: Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors held in Berlin, Germany, 22-26 August 1999. Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub., 2000.

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Iniewski, Krzysztof. Nano-semiconductors: Devices and technology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012.

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Colomer-Farrarons, Jordi. A CMOS Self-Powered Front-End Architecture for Subcutaneous Event-Detector Devices: Three-Electrodes Amperometric Biosensor Approach. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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United States. Dept. of Energy e Southern Company Services, a cura di. Control of nitrogen oxide emissions: Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) : a report on a project conducted jointly under a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and Southern Company Services, Inc. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1997.

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Prati, Enrico, e Takahiro Shinada. Single-Atom Nanoelectronics. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2016.

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Prati, Enrico, e Takahiro Shinada. Single-Atom Nanoelectronics. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2016.

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Rivetti, Angelo. Cmos: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Rivetti, Angelo. Cmos: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Rivetti, Angelo. Cmos: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Rivetti, Angelo. Cmos: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":

1

Ishihara, Tatsumi. "Oxide Ion Conductor". In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1453–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_165.

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Matsumoto, Hiroshige. "Oxide Ion Conductor Steam Electrolysis". In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1459–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_469.

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Maeda, Hideaki. "Stabilization of a Superconducting Magnet Wound by a High Tc Oxide Conductor". In Advances in Superconductivity, 349–52. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68084-0_58.

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Hasegawa, Masato, Yutaka Yoshida, Yoshiaki Ito, Morihiro Iwata, Junichi Kawashima, Yoshiaki Takai e Izumi Hirabayashi. "Preparation of YBa2Cu3O7-δ -Coated Conductor on Single Crystalline Oxide Fiber by Hot-Wall MOCVD". In Advances in Superconductivity X, 623–26. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66879-4_146.

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Kajitani, Masahiro, Motohide Matsuda, Akinori Hoshikawa, Takashi Kamiyama, Fujio Izumi e Michihiro Miyake. "Doping Effect on Crystal Structure of Fast Oxide Ion Conductor LaGaO3-Based Perovskite Compounds". In Electroceramics in Japan IX, 227–30. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-411-1.227.

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Chen, W., J. Xiang, Y. Gao e Z. Zhang. "Effects of Graphene Oxide Content on the Reinforcing Efficiency of C–S–H Composites: A Molecular Dynamics Study". In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 521–26. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_55.

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AbstractDetermining the graphene oxide (GO) content is the key to applying GO to reinforce the mechanical performance and durability of cementitious composites. However, most of the previous studies are conducted from the perspective of experiments and lack elaboration on the mechanism of the GO-reinforced cementitious composite under different GO content. Hence, we investigated the effect of GO content on the reinforcing efficiency of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) to trade off the enhancement of GO in cementitious composites and the corresponding economic benefits. The results demonstrated that an appropriate number of GO nanosheets can reinforce the cementitious composite with simultaneous high enhancing efficiency and economic benefits. The microdamage evolution of GO/C–S–H composites and the GO reinforcing mechanisms are reported. Our findings deepen the understanding of the enhancing mechanisms of GO embedded in C–S–H nanocomposites and help to determine the suitable GO content in practical engineering.
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Londonkar, Ramesh, e Maithilee Kesralikar. "In Vitro Anticancer Screening of Methanolic Extract of Stachytarpheta Mutabilis". In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 188–204. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_19.

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AbstractIn therapeutic plants, phytochemicals are found in abundance. A family of verbena known as vervain (verbenaceae) consists of over 100 genera and nearly 2600 species. Among the Verbenaceae family is Stachytarpheta, a green perennial herb. The species is being examined in this study for its phytochemical, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Stachytarpheta mutabilis methanol extracts were studied for their phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous effects in the current study. Phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, carbohydrates, and saponins, among other phytoconstituents. One fungus, Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as four-gram (+) pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and two gram (-) pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were disc diffusion tested for antibacterial activity. The nitric oxide scavenging assay was used to test for anti-inflammatory efficacy in vitro. DPPH, ABTS, and total antioxidant tests were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Analyses such as TLC, GC-MS, and were performed as per common procedure. A nitric oxide scavenging experiment was utilised to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of the drug in vitro. Tests for antioxidant activity were conducted using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and total antioxidant tests. MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis has been used to do anticancer screening. Extracts from Stachytarpheta mutabilis were found to include flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds as well as terpenoids and steroids in their phytochemical analysis. Squalene, octadecanal, and butan-1-one were found in the GC-MS study as were thirty other bioactive chemicals such as 4-isopropylcinnamic acid and octadecanoic acid. The methanolic fractions of plant extracts were shown to be effective against all bacteria. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant experiments performed in the lab revealed the compounds’ potent inhibition activity. Analysis of the GC-MS data revealed the existence of thirty distinct components. MTT assay on the extract revealed anticancer activity. The data shows that the methanolic extract has a significant properties. Stachytarpheta mutabilis has therapeutic value and other pharmaceutical qualities may be assessed as a result of these results, which support the traditional usage of folk medicine as well.
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de Farias, Robson Fernandes. "Chemistry on conductor polymer modified oxide surfaces". In Interface Science and Technology, 59–65. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-18791-9.00011-8.

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"12 Transport de charges électriques. Conducteurs et isolants. Propriétés électroniques des oxydes". In La chimie des solides, 443–80. EDP Sciences, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0173-2.c014.

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Patel, Poonam, Prerna Dhingra, S. L. Kothari, Rohit Jain e Sumita Kachhwaha. "Interaction between Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Terrestrial Plants: An Overview of the Mode of Action and Future Perspectives". In Nanobiotechnology: Principles and Applications, 36–87. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815123555123010006.

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Nanotechnological interventions have extensively been used as an efficient non-invasive approach in agriculture for disease protection, to improve yield and many more. The use of engineered nanomaterials (like metal-oxide nanoparticles) as fertilizers,pesticides, carriers for genetic material/RNA/protein, sensors for detection of contaminants and toxic compounds etc. have been extensively studied and reported. Interaction between plants and nanomaterials plays an important role in their applications for various purposes in agriculture and otherwise. In this chapter, mechanisms of uptake and mode of action of three commonly used metal oxide (TiO2 , CuO, ZnO) nanomaterials in plants have been reviewed. The chapter also summarises the various studies conducted on the effect of these nanomaterials on different agricultural food crops in the last 2 decades. The thorough review of existing literature on the aforementioned areas indicates that although the published data on terrestrial phytotoxicity of metal oxide NPs is increasing continuously but surprisingly the range of selected plants is still narrow (mostly agricultural crops and seed plants), thus random selection of plants (outside this narrow range) should be made to gain better insights into the various impacts of nanomaterials on plants.<br>

Atti di convegni sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":

1

Selim, Farida. "Light-driven permanent transition of undoped Ga2O3 from insulator to conductor". In Oxide-based Materials and Devices XV, a cura di Ferechteh H. Teherani e David J. Rogers. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3023618.

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Ferreira, R., e M. A. C. Berton. "New Ionic Conductor as Solid Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application". In 1st International Seminar on Industrial Innovation in Electrochemistry. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-s3ie-13.

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Huang, C. T., M. Y. Chen, J. Y. Chen, S. N. Chen e H. H. Ko. "A Highly pH-Sensitive Eelectrolyte Insulator Semi-conductor Element Using A Stack of Anodic Gd Oxide/Silicon Oxide". In 2007 IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2007.4450250.

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Paul, T., e A. Ghosh. "Crystal structure and electron density distribution of La1.9Bi0.1Mo2O9-δ fast oxide ion conductor". In NANOFORUM 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918210.

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Li, Chi, Wei Lei, Xiaobing Zhang e Baoping Wang. "Surface-conducted field emission from graphene oxide film covered on ZnO nanowires film". In 2012 25th International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivnc.2012.6316916.

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Ke Qu, Xiaobo Zhu, Chi Li, Kai Hou, Xiaxi Yang, Wei Lei, Xiaobing Zhang e Baoping Wang. "Surface-conducted field emission lamp with ZnO nanotetrapod and magnesium oxide composite emitter". In 8th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference and Nanocarbon (2010 IVESC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivesc.2010.5644203.

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Tomov, R. I., A. P. Bramley, A. Kursumovic, J. E. Evetts, B. A. Glowacki, A. Tuissi e E. Villa. "Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial YBCO/oxide multilayers onto textured metallic substrates for coated conductor applications". In 11th International School on Quantum Electronics: Laser Physics and Applications, a cura di Peter A. Atanasov e Stefka Cartaleva. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.425151.

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Rai, Vikas, M. K. Kavitha e Manu Jaiswal. "Correlating Chemical Structure and Charge Transport in Reduced Graphene Oxide for Transparent Conductor and Interconnect Applications". In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Nanoelectronic and Information Systems (iNIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inis.2015.26.

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Delahoy, Alan E., Tongyu Liu, Gaurav Saraf, Anamika Patel, John Cambridge, Sheyu Guo, Paola Delli Veneri, Lucia V. Mercaldo e Iurie Usatii. "Hybrid a-Si/nc-Si solar cells fabricated on a directly-deposited textured zinc oxide transparent conductor". In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, a cura di Alan E. Delahoy e Louay A. Eldada. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.827085.

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Behrendt, Thomas, Stefan Hackemann, Peter Mechnich, Yuan Shi, Sandrine Hönig, Severin Hofmann e Dietmar Koch. "Development and Test of Oxide/Oxide CMC Combustor Liner Demonstrators for Aero Engines". In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57323.

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Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) offer the potential of increased service temperatures and are thus an interesting alternative to conventional combustor alloys. Tubular combustor liner demonstrators made of an oxide/oxide CMC were developed for a lean combustor in a future aero-engine in the medium thrust range and tested at engine conditions. During the design various aspects like protective coating, thermo-mechanical design, development of a failure model for the CMC as well as design and test of an attachment system were taken into account. The tests of the two liners were conducted at conditions up to 80% take-off. A new protective coating was tested successfully with a coating thickness of up to t=1 mm. Different inspection criteria were derived in order to detect crack initiation at an early stage for a validation of the failure model. With the help of detailed pre- and post-test computer tomography scans to account for the micro structure of the CMC the findings of the failure model were in reasonable agreement with the test results.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Oxyde conducteur":

1

Brent Marquis. A Sensor System Based on Semi-Conductor Metal Oxide Technology for In Situ Detection of Coal Fired Combustion Gases. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/944414.

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Corriveau, L., e E. G. Potter. Advancing exploration for iron oxide-copper-gold and affiliated deposits in Canada: context, scientific overview, outcomes, and impacts. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332495.

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The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) and Targeted Geoscience Initiative (TGI) programs conducted extensive collaborative research on mineral systems with iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and affiliated deposits in prospective settings of Canada. Regional alteration mapping as well as geochemical and geophysical modelling undertaken under the GEM program documented the evolution of polymetallic metasomatic systems with iron-oxide and alkali-calcic alteration and led to an increased recognition of the mineral potential of poorly explored areas and historic deposits of the Great Bear magmatic zone in the Northwest Territories, thus providing a solid framework for exploration. Early and barren albitite corridors form across the mineral systems and locally host uranium mineralization associated with telescoping of alteration facies by tectonic activity during the metasomatic growth of the systems. Subsequent to albitization, high-temperature Ca-Fe and Ca-K-Fe alteration form iron oxide-apatite (± rare-earth element) mineralization and IOCG variants rich in cobalt and other critical metals, respectively. Systems that further mature to K-Fe alteration form IOCG mineralization and can evolve to mineralized near-surface phyllic alteration and epithermal caps. Transitional facies also host polymetallic skarn mineralization. Rare-earth element enrichments within iron oxide-apatite zones are strongest where remobilization has occurred, particularly along deformation zones. The TGI projects documented the pertinence for a GEM activity in the Great Bear magmatic zone and subsequently synthesized GEM geoscientific data into a system-scale, ore-deposit model, and outlined criteria for mineral resource assessment. This model, and newly developed field-mapping and lithogeochemical tools were shown to be efficient mineral exploration and regional mapping methods in Canada and were also applied to the archetype IOCG deposit, Olympic Dam, and other deposits in the Olympic Cu-Au metallogenic province of Australia. Case examples also include the Romanet Horst in the Trans-Hudson Orogen (second phase of GEM), the Central Mineral Belt in Labrador (TGI), the Wanapitei Lake district in Ontario (private sector exploration results used by TGI), and the Bondy gneiss complex in Quebec (TGI).
3

Mosolf, J. G., e C. McDonald. Major oxide and trace element analyses of rock samples collected in the Dillon 30' x 60' quadrangle, southwest Montana, 2019–2020. Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, febbraio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59691/oukw4846.

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This file provides whole-rock chemical analyses for 26 igneous samples collected in the Dillon 30' x 60' quadrangle in southwest Montana. The samples were collected over one field season (2019) by personnel at the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) supporting geologic mapping projects partially funded by the STATEMAP component of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program. All geochemical analyses were conducted at the Peter Hooper GeoAnalytical Lab at Washington State University (WSU). Reported values are unnormalized. A brief summary of analytical methods is included in this file.
4

Rempel, K. U., A. E. Williams-Jones e K. Fuller. An experimental investigation of the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal ore fluids. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328995.

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Experimental data on the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal solution is required to improve genetic models for the formation of ore deposits, yet very few data of this type have been published. Of particular interest is the oxidation state of the uranium in solution, as conventional wisdom suggests that U is dissolved in the oxidized U(VI) state and precipitated as reduced U(IV) minerals, yet recent experiments have shown ppm-level solubility for U(IV). This study investigated the mobility of reduced U(IV) and oxidized U(VI) in acidic (pH = 2), fluoride- bearing and alkaline (pH = 10), chloride-bearing solutions at 100-200°C and 1 to 15.8 bars (0.1-1.58 MPa). Preliminary data for the mobility of U(IV) in pH 2 fluids with 0.01 m F- show concentrations of 1.76 to 3.92 ppm U at 200°C, indicating that, contrary to common belief, the reduced U(IV) can be transported in solution. We have also conducted experiments on U(VI) solubility in pH 2 fluoride-bearing, and pH 10 chloride-bearing solutions. Uranium concentrations in the F- -bearing experiments ranged from 624 to 1570 ppm (avg. 825 ppm, n = 6) at 100°C, 670 to 1560 ppm (avg. 931 ppm, n = 4) at 150°C, and 3180 to 7550 ppm (avg. 5240, n = 9) at 200°C. In comparison, U concentrations in the Cl- -bearing runs range from 86.1 to 357 ppm (avg. 185 ppm, n = 15) at 200°C. Clearly, oxidized U(VI) is very readily mobilized in hydrothermal fluids. However, the measured concentrations of U(VI) are independent of those of F- or Cl-, suggesting the formation of U oxide or hydroxide species rather than U chlorides or fluorides. These experimental data will be verified and supplemented in future experiments, which will be used to derive the stoichiometry and thermodynamic constants for the dominant uranium species in hydrothermal solutions. The data from this study will then be integrated into a comprehensive genetic model for uranium ore-forming systems.
5

Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar e Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
6

Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber e David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.

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The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Erik Fridell, Jaakko Kukkonen, Jana Moldanova, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Achilleas Grigoriadis, Maria Moustaka et al. Environmental impacts of exhaust gas cleaning systems in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea area. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361898.

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Description: Shipping is responsible for a range of different pressures affecting air quality, climate, and the marine environment. Most social and economic analyses of shipping have focused on air pollution assessment and how shipping may impact climate change and human health. This risks that policies may be biased towards air pollution and climate change, whilst impacts on the marine environment are not as well known. One example is the sulfur regulation introduced in January 2020, which requires shipowners to use a compliant fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% (0.1% in SECA regions) or use alternative compliance options (Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems, EGCS) that are effective in reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions to the atmosphere. The EGCS cleaning process results in large volumes of discharged water that includes a wide range of contaminants. Although regulations target SOx removal, other pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals and combustion particles are removed from the exhaust to the wash water and subsequently discharged to the marine environment. Based on dilution series of the Whole Effluent Testing (WET), the impact of the EGCS effluent on marine invertebrate species and on phytoplankton was found to vary between taxonomic groups, and between different stages of the invertebrate life cycle. Invertebrates were more affected than phytoplankton, and the most sensitive endpoint detected in the present project was the fertilisation of sea urchin eggs, which were negatively affected at a sample dilution of 1 : 1,000,000. Dilutions of 1: 100,000 were harmful to early development of several of the tested species, including mussels, polychaetes, and crustaceans. The observed effects at these low concentrations of EGCS effluent were reduced egg production, and deformations and abnormal development of the larvae of the species. The ecotoxicological data produced in the EMERGE project were used to derive Predicted No Effect Concentration values. Corresponding modelling studies revealed that the EGCS effluent can be considered as a single entity for 2-10 days from the time of discharge, depending on the environmental conditions like sea currents, winds, and temperature. Area 10-30 km outside the shipping lanes will be prone to contaminant concentrations corresponding to 1 : 1,000,000 dilution which was deemed harmful for most sensitive endpoints of WET experiments. Studies for the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea) revealed that the EGCS effluent dilution rate exceeded the 1 : 1,000,000 ratio 70% of the time at a distance of about 10 km from the port. This was also observed for 15% of the time within a band of 10 km wide along the shipping lane extending 500 km away from the port of Piraeus. When mortality of adult specimens of one of the species (copepod Acartia tonsa) was used as an endpoint it was found to be 3-4 orders of magnitude less sensitive to EGCS effluent than early life stage endpoints like fertilisation of eggs and larval development. Mortality of Acartia tonsa is commonly used in standard protocols for ecotoxicological studies, but our data hence shows that it seriously underestimates the ecologically relevant toxicity of the effluent. The same is true for two other commonly used and recommended endpoints, phytoplankton growth and inhibition of bioluminescence in marine bacteria. Significant toxic effects were reached only after addition of 20-40% effluent. A marine environmental risk assessment was performed for the Öresund region for baseline year 2018, where Predicted Environmental Concentrations (PECs) of open loop effluent discharge water were compared to the PNEC value. The results showed modelled concentrations of open loop effluent in large areas to be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the derived PNEC value, yielding a Risk Characterisation Ratio of 500-5000, which indicates significant environmental risk. Further, it should be noted that between 2018-2022 the number of EGCS vessels more than quadrupled in the area from 178 to 781. In this work, the EGCS discharges of the fleet in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea area were studied in detail. The assessments of impacts described in this document were performed using a baseline year 2018 and future scenarios. These were made for the year 2050, based on different projections of transport volumes, also considering the fuel efficiency requirements and ship size developments. From the eight scenarios developed, two extremes were chosen for impact studies which illustrate the differences between a very high EGCS usage and a future without the need for EGCS while still compliant to IMO initial GHG strategy. The scenario without EGCS leads to 50% reduction of GHG emissions using low sulfur fuels, LNG, and methanol. For the high EGCS adoption scenario in 2050, about a third of the fleet sailing the studied sea areas would use EGCS and effluent discharge volumes would be increased tenfold for the Baltic Sea and hundredfold for the Mediterranean Sea when compared to 2018 baseline discharges. Some of the tested species, mainly the copepods, have a central position in pelagic food webs as they feed on phytoplankton and are themselves the main staple food for most fish larvae and for some species of adult fish, e.g., herring. The direct effect of the EGSE on invertebrates will therefore have an important indirect effect on the fish feeding on them. Effects are greatest in and near shipping lanes. Many important shipping lanes run close to shore and archipelago areas, and this also puts the sensitive shallow water coastal ecosystems at risk. It should be noted that no studies on sub-lethal effects of early 19 life stages in fish were included in the EMERGE project, nor are there any available data on this in the scientific literature. The direct toxic effects on fish at the expected concentrations of EGCS effluent are therefore largely unknown. According to the regional modelling studies, some of the contaminants will end up in sediments along the coastlines and archipelagos. The documentation of the complex chemical composition of EGCS effluent is in sharp contrast to the present legislation on threshold levels for content in EGCS effluent discharged from ships, which includes but a few PAHs, pH, and turbidity. Traditional assessments of PAHs in environmental and marine samples focus only on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) list of 16 priority PAHs, which includes only parent PAHs. Considering the complex PAHs assemblages and the importance of other related compounds, it is important to extend the EPA list to include alkyl-PAHs to obtain a representative monitoring of EGCS effluent and to assess the impact of its discharges into the marine environment. An economic evaluation of the installation and operational costs of EGCS was conducted noting the historical fuel price differences of high and low sulfur fuels. Equipment types, installation dates and annual fuel consumption from global simulations indicated that 51% of the global EGCS fleet had already reached break-even by the end of 2022, resulting in a summarised profit of 4.7 billion €2019. Within five years after the initial installation, more than 95% of the ships with open loop EGCS reach break-even. The pollutant loads from shipping come both through atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. This underlines the need of minimising the release of contaminants by using fuels which reduce the air emissions of harmful components without creating new pollution loads through discharges. Continued use of EGCS and high sulfur fossil fuels will delay the transition to more sustainable options. The investments made on EGCS enable ships to continue using fossil fuels instead of transitioning away from them as soon as possible as agreed in the 2023 Dubai Climate Change conference. Continued carriage of residual fuels also increases the risk of dire environmental consequences whenever accidental releases of oil to the sea occur.

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