Tesi sul tema "Oxydation par sels fondus"
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Lecomte, Florent. "Traitement de déchets mixtes en milieux sels fondus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR024.
The Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO) technique has been studied in recent years for the treatment, valorization, or destruction of waste. This process has been extensively studied with molten carbonates or chlorides for the destruction of hazardous waste or the recovery of metals. In the context of our research on the treatment of waste from the nuclear industry, the process has been adapted for the treatment of mixed contaminated waste (a mixture of waste of different natures, polymers, glasses, metals) in molten hydroxides. Thus, in this manuscript, a first chapter details the state of the art of molten salts and their uses in pyrochemical treatment, with a section specifically dedicated to the chemistry of molten hydroxides and their potential applications in the treatment of organic waste. The second chapter presents the design and implementation of a dedicated setup for the study of polymer degradation in these salts, as well as the development of a specific reference electrode for molten hydroxides allowing the study of these baths by electrochemistry. Finally, the third chapter focuses on polymer degradation, demonstrating the mechanisms involved in the degradation of organic compounds. It is shown that these mechanisms do not correspond to the expected oxidation mechanism during the "classic" MSO process in molten carbonates. Those involved in our process are of a radical type, following a process of cracking of organic materials which induces the production of highly valuable dihydrogen and graphite carbon. Last chapter presents the monitoring, by electrochemistry as well as by XRD and EPR, of the reactivity of cerium and neodymium lanthanides in our baths, chosen as simulants of actinides
Lefebvre, Hervé. "Etudes thermodynamique et cinetique de la corrosion du fer par les melanges de nitrate et de nitrite de sodium fondus". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066353.
DE, ROY GRIVEL MARIE ELISABETH. "Synthese par reduction electrochimique en milieu sel fondu et caracterisation d'oxydes doubles de vanadium a valence mixte". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF2E435.
Hamel, Céline. "Séparation actinides-lanthanides (néodyne) par extraction électrolytique en milieux fluorures fondus". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30034.
This study concerns the An-Ln and Ln-Solvent separation by electrolytical extraction in molten fluoride media. Three elements are selected: neodymium, uranium and plutonium. Firstly, the electrochemical study of these three compounds in molten fluoride media is performed to evaluate the separations. Electrodeposition processes are studied and the values of formal potentials of U(III)/U(0), Pu(III)/Pu(0) and Nd(III)/Nd(0) are obtained in LiF-CaF2. Thermodynamically, the values of potentials differences are enough to separate U-Nd and Pu-Nd with a yield of extraction of 99. 99%. Concerning the Nd-solvent separation this potential difference is too small. Next, the electrodeposition of solid metals on inert electrodes is performed. This study showed the unstability of U and Nd deposits and the presence of salts in the dendritic U metal. Finally, a reactive cathode is used to improve these results. On Ni electrodes, we shown an improvement of the Pu-Nd and the Nd-solvent separation. Moreover, U and Nd metal are stabilized in the alloy. The formation of liquids alloys makes also easier the recovery of these three elements
Cabet, Leflaivre Céline. "Corrosion des alliages base nickel par le verre fondu et sa vapeur". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10301.
Cipriani, François-Dominique. "Etude numérique de la convection thermocapillaire dans un bain fondu créé par laser". Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22052.
Pauvert, Olivier. "Etude structurale de sels fondus d'intérêts nucléaires par RMN et EXAFS haute température". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517360.
Nourry, Christophe. "Extraction électrochimique des lanthanides des milieux de fluorures fondus par formation d'alliages". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/153/.
This work consisted in studying the electrochemical behaviour of some dissolved lanthanides (Gd, Nd, Sm) in LiF-CaF2 media on inert and reactive cathodes in the 800-920°C temperature range and then to estimate their possible extraction from the melt by reduction on a reactive electrode (Ni, Cu or Ni/Cu). Using electrochemical methods and SEM micrographs, reduction mechanisms and thermodynamic parameters such as standard potentiel and activity coefficient were determined for the different species in the melt. The Gibbs energies and the reduction mechanisms were determined for LnNi and LnCu compounds. Finaly, extractions have been performed on reactives electrodes with very good extraction rate (> 99. 7%)
MOURON, LUDOVIC. "Modelisation structurale de sels fondus par recuit simule, analyse des complexes et des interstices". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066675.
Kordek, Marie-Astrid. "Granulation par pulvérisation de multiples couches minces de sels fondus dans un tambour à lit fluidisé". Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD787.
Jebrouni, Mostafa. "Elaboration de zircones et de dispersions alumine-zircone par réaction dans les sels fondus et caractérisation". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10169.
Massot, Laurent. "Elaboration de carbure de tantale par voie électrolytique en milieux fluorurés alcalins fondus". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30234.
Chamelot, Pierre. "Le dépôt électrolytique de niobium dans les sels fondus : électrocristallisation ; contrôle et conduite de procédé par les techniques électrochimiques impulsionnelles". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30236.
Finne, Jörgen. "Chimie des mélanges de sels fondus : application à l'extraction réductrice d' actinides et de lanthanides par un métal liquide". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066296.
El, Ghallali Houda. "Formation d'alliages à base d'étain par électrolyse en milieu Chlorures fondus : application aux batteries de lithium". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066168.
Groenen, Serrano Karine. "Elaboration, par electrolyse dans les sels fondus, de métaux de l'industrie nucléaire : le hafnium et l'uranium". Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30233.
Le, Van Khu. "Préparation par voie électrochimique de nano-poudres de carbone en milieu carbonates alcalins fondus". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066072.
Hamon, Dominique. "Préparation par la méthode des sels fondus de supports à base de zircone : application aux catalyseurs sulfures". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10177.
Crinière, Guillaume. "Nouvelles phases pyrochlores lacunaires obtenues par désintercalation en milieu réducteur et/ou par réaction d'échange en milieu sel fondu". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008465.
Dahi, Abdellatif. "Elaboration d'une membrane permsélective par imprégnation d'une structure polymère poreuse avec un liquide ionique". Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES015.
The aim of this thesis was the development of new and stable immobilized ionic liquid membranes (IILMs) based on a Matrimid® porous membrane impregnated with ionic liquids (ILs). To improve the retention of IL phase in the pores of the Matrimid® membrane, surfaces were treated with different plasma treatments (CF4, N2 and O2). Using a Matrimid® dense film, chemical composition and topography of plasma treated surfaces were then studied by XPS and AFM, respectively. Aging of plasma treatments was also discussed. The influence of the surface modification on CO2, N2 and O2 gas permeation through the plasma treated films was evaluated. The direct immersion method to prepare our IILMs was examined by infrared spectroscopy. The influence of each plasma treatment on the impregnation speed through the surface of various Matrimid® porous membranes (plasma treated or not), the impregnation rate (uptake mass IL) and the stability of prepared IILMs were analyzed. The IILMs were then tested for two applications: the separation of VOCs by vapor permeation and selective transport of protons as electrolyte membranes for fuel cells (PEMFC). In that case, a detailed study of water and volatile organic compounds sorption in ILs was undertaken at the beginning of these tests
Ouahdi, Noura. "Synthèse de l’aluminate de cobalt par voie sels fondus, caractérisation et application à la coloration des carreaux céramiques industriels". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30273.
The objective is the synthesis, by molten salts route, of a major industrial blue pigment, the cobalt aluminate. The powders obtained have been characterized by ICP, XRD, DTA/TGA, FTIR, SEM and TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy and colourimetric analysis by the L*a*b* method. The reaction of cobalt and aluminium chlorides in molten medium constituted of alkali-metal nitrates, chlorides or sulfates always lead to mixtures of phases (Co3O4, CoAl2O4 and g Al2O3) which composition is depending on the nature of the molten bath. These mixture are very reactive and are transformed in CoAl2O4 by heating at 1000°C without any plateau. The double decomposition reactions between the mixed alkali-metal oxyde g LiAlO2 and the double chloride KCoCl3, at 500°C for 24 hours, lead directly to crystallized cobalt aluminate. The powders obtained have been characterized, then tested for the colouring of ceramic tiles comparatively to an industrial pigment. The tests, performed in the moroccan society Union Cerame, confirm that the pigment synthesized in molten salt medium is a good candidate for the use in the colouring of industrial ceramic tiles
Derja, Ahmed. "Etude fondamentale de la formation d'alliages superficiels dans les systèmes Fe-Ni, Fe-Al et Ni-Al par les méthodes électrochimiques impulsionnelles dans les sels fondus". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066461.
PEGAS, CHANTAL. "Etude de la statique et de la dynamique des melanges de sels fondus libr-kbr par simulation numerique et par diffusion de neutrons". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066658.
Jaskierowicz, Sebastien. "Extraction des actinides et des lanthanides du combustible du réacteur rapide à sels fondus". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770155.
Nuta, Ioana. "Etude par RMN à haute température de liquides fluorés dans le système cryolithe-aluminium". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2057.
Bernardi, Marco. "Oxydation voie humide des boues secondaires : catalyse par les sels solubles, traitement catalytique de l'ammoniac et de l'ammoniaque résiduels". Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10166.
El, Haddad Mustapha. "Contribution à l'étude de sels fondus à température ambiante par spectroscopie de vibration Raman et infra-rouge des systèmes MX3-RX, M = Al, Gn , X = Cl, b". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20303.
Moussa, Imed Eddine. "Analyse des résultats d'une expérience de thermodiffusion réalisée en microgravité (Spacelab D1) dans le mélange eutectique fondu AgI0,72KI0,28 : études par mesures électriques de la diffusion dans des couches minces AgI-KI au voisinage de l'eutectique". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10075.
Derja, Ahmed. "Etude fondamentale de la formation d'alliages superficiels dans les systèmes Fe-Ni, Fe-Al et Ni-Al par les méthodes électrochimiques impulsionnelles dans les sels fondus". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597072m.
Colot, Daniel. "Corrosion à chaud d'aciers réfractaires : application aux chaudières à charbon pulvérisé". Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD111.
Nuta, I. "Étude par RMN à Haute Température de liquides fluorés dans le système cryolithe/aluminium". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594641.
Ballouki, El Hassan. "Détermination du diagramme de viscosité ternaire NaCl-KCl-LiCl par la méthode d’écoulement". Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0042.
Raymond, Sébastien. "Incertitudes des flux transportés par les rivières (Matière en suspension, nutriments, sels dissous) Vers un système expert d'optimisation des méthodes de calcul". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714017.
Schaal, Emmanuel. "Comportement en corrosion de matériaux métalliques commerciaux et modèles dans des conditions types UVEOM". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0192/document.
Corrosion of heat exchangers is an economic and technical issue in Waste-to-energy plants. It is caused by the combined action of (i) flue gas containing HCl and SO2 and (ii) chlorides and alkali sulfates rich ash. This work is part of the ANR project SCAPAC (supported by the ANR-11-RMNP 0016) and focused on the influence of experimental parameters on the corrosion behavior of two commercial alloys used in Waste-to-Energy plants: the 16Mo3 steel and the nickel-based alloy Inconel 625. This study allowed to highlight that the presence of molten phase, the increase in the chloride content, the presence of 10% by weight of ZnCl2 in the ash mixtures and the presence of corrosive gases (HCl, SO2) in the atmosphere are three factors that have induced an higher corrosion of materials, more pronounced on the iron alloy base. Another part of the work has been focused on the influence of alloying elements Fe, Cr and Mo. Thus, model alloys with compositions oscillating around the composition of Inconel 625 commercial alloy were synthesized by high frequency induction and their corrosion resistance was evaluated in air and in corrosive atmosphere. Good optimization of the commercial alloy has been demonstrated in air. In corrosive atmosphere, a minimum chromium content was required to obtain a good corrosion resistance
Tîlmaciu, Carmen-Mihaela. "Synthèse et remplissage de nanotubes de carbone double-parois pour des applications biomédicales". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1169/.
Narrow double-walled CNT (DWNT) were prepared by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD), using a MgO-based catalyst, which was reduced at 1000 °C in a mixture of H2/CH4, containing 18 mol % of CH4. The selectivity towards DWNT is ca. 80%. Before and after purification in air, these tubes with inner diameters < ou = 2 nm were filled by capillary action with iron and cobalt precursors (FeI2, FeCl2, FeCp2 or CoI2) in melted phases, followed by reduction in H2, in order to prepare magnetic nanowires inside the DWNT for hyperthermia application. The Mössbauer characterizations after reduction of the iron halides@DWNT in H2, have evidenced the presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe(III) oxides (SPION), which present very high interest, as they are sensitive to magnetic fields, without retaining magnetisation after removal of the latter. In parallel, after reduction of the CoI2@DWNT, AGM and SQUID measurements revealed the presence of ferromagnetic nanowires of cobalt confined in DWNT (collaboration with IFW-Dresden, Germany). Using the same method of filling in melted phase, gadonanotubes (Gd3+@DWNT) were synthesized for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preliminary measurements of relaxation times and the control of possible leaks of metal outside DWNT were achieved on several samples with different concentrations of gadolinium. The results are encouraging: Gd3+@DWNT samples present a good stability in time (over twenty three days) and high relaxivities (about five times greater than the current main clinical agents) - collaboration with the Hospital of Purpan-Toulouse, France. Filling in solution with chloroquine diphosphate salt, an antimalarian drug was also successfully achieved. Luciferase assay, MTT toxicity test, as well as HRTEM, EDX and elemental analysis were performed, in order to prove the filling and to quantify the percent of the drug in the sample (collaboration with the University of Surrey, England)
Doligez, Xavier. "Influence du retraitement physico-chimique du sel combustible sur le comportement du MSFR et sur le dimensionnement de son unité de retraitement". Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553238.