Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Overspilling"

Mass-wasting processes are often intercepted using rigid barriers, which are sometimes equipped with deflectors to prevent overspilling. Despite the engineering value of deflectors, they are currently only installed using empirical and prescriptive approaches because flow interaction mechanisms are not well understood. A 5 m flume was used to study dry granular flow deposition and overflow processes with and without deflectors of varying angles. The deflector angle was varied as 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° with respect to the horizontal plane. For the geometric and material parameters adopted in this study, experimental results reveal that deflector angles greater than 45° develop steep ramp-like deadzones that result in effective energy dissipation as approaching flow impacts the deflector, whereas deflectors less than 45° rapidly develop shallow ramp-like deadzones, which promote high-energy overflow. Deflectors of at least 45° are required to develop upward overflow launch angles, whilst deflectors of 30° or less result in downward overflow launch angles. Upward launch angles indicate that a steep deadzone develops and effectively dissipates flow energy. An orthogonal deflector increases launch lengths by 40% compared to a bare rigid barrier.

Industrial automation of the production process is based on the fusion of a CNC machine and an industrial robot. The industry of today requires skilled professionals and educators. Special attention is to be paid to the testing of the components and system operation and the maintenance of the system. Robots and automation are omnipresent nowadays and have also taken a significant role in education. The research presented here aims to overhaul the scaled model of the cup-filling machine to make it operate fully automated. The parts and subsystems of the cup-filling machine are explained in detail and their operation was tested. The cup-filling machine is fully automated using a programmable logic controller (PLC) SIEMENS S7 300. The machine can recognize two cup sizes and fills both types without overspilling. Filled cups are transported over a conveyor belt and classified according to their sizes PLCs have mainly replaced relays in industrial automation, bearing in mind that this way, scale-up is much more feasible, and alteration of control is done in PLC program code. This also has contributed to better maintenance and operation verification.

This article rethinks music and video games in terms of experiences—what is termed ludomusical excesses—that do not fit squarely with the fundamental assumptions about music’s centrality in video games but overstep the limits of moderation as potentialities. This article uses Line Rider (2006)—a video game in which players draw lines to music of their choice—as a case study to explore how narratives, metaphors, and experiences of ludomusical excesses can animate music’s multifarious relations with video games. This article comprises three episodes of ludomusical excesses, which are respectively concerned with physical excess, discursive excess, and affective excess. The first episode sees excess as prosthetic extension in the game and conceptualizes numbness and irritation in the process of musical transcription in Line Rider. In so doing, it explores the overspilling forms of queer digital intimacy with one’s self during gameplay through the myth of Narcissus. The second episode examines the mutual reflection of landscape and mindscape in Chinese qin music that exceeds the digital rendering in the game. Playing with the metaphors of trap and prey, the episode underlines the oxymoronic play with the game’s representational flatness and its ludic conceit in disciplining musical surplus. The final episode considers affective excesses in a game designer’s passion for and wonderment in the game that result in a virtuosic display. Together, these episodes craft ludomusical realities of excesses that aim to invite alternative configurations of music’s relationship with video games.

Abstract. Shaking by moderate to large earthquakes in the Mediterranean Sea has proved in the past to potentially trigger catastrophic sediment collapse and flow. On 21 May 2003, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake located near Boumerdès (central Algerian coast) triggered large turbidity currents responsible for 29 submarine cable breaks at the foot of the continental slope over ~150 km from west to east. Seafloor bathymetry and backscatter imagery show the potential imprints of the 2003 event and of previous events. Large slope scarps resulting from active deformation may locally enhance sediment instabilities, although faults are not directly visible at the seafloor. Erosion is evident at the foot of the margin and along the paths of the numerous canyons and valleys. Cable breaks are located at the outlets of submarine valleys and in areas of turbiditic levee overspilling and demonstrate the multi-source and multi-path character of the 2003 turbiditic event. Rough estimates of turbidity flow velocity are not straightforward because of the multiple breaks along the same cable, but seem compatible with those measured in other submarine cable break studies elsewhere. While the signature of the turbidity currents is mostly erosional on the continental slope, turbidite beds alternating with hemipelagites accumulate in the distal reaches of sediment dispersal systems. In perspective, more chronological work on distal turbidite successions offshore Algeria offers promising perspectives for paleoseismology reconstructions based on turbidite dating, if synchronous turbidites along independent sedimentary dispersal systems are found to support triggering by major earthquakes. Preliminary results on sediment core PSM-KS23 off Boumerdès typically show a 800-yr interval between turbidites during the Holocene, in accordance with the estimated mean seismic cycle on land, even if at this stage it is not yet possible to prove the earthquake origin of all the turbidites.

ABSTRACT The Juwayl Member of the Wajid Formation, which crops out in the Wajid region of southwest Saudi Arabia, and the Unayzah C and B members of the lower Unayzah Formation in the subsurface of eastern and central parts of the country are all demonstrably late Carboniferous to early Permian in age, based on palynological analysis. Comparative studies of these two stratal units confirm strong genetic similarities between them, suggesting stratigraphic equivalence between the lower part of the Juwayl Member and the Unayzah C member, and the upper part of the Juwayl Member and the Unayzah B member, respectively. The boundary between the lower and upper parts of the Juwayl was not specifically recognized in outcrop, being covered with thick deposits of modern desert sand. The lower Juwayl and the Unayzah C are both interpreted to have been deposited in large glacial valley systems. In the Unayzah C, subsurface isopach mapping suggests down-valley transport from the north, implying that at least some of the ice was situated in localized, upland (alpine) ice caps. Multiple phases of glacial advance and retreat occurred. Glacial outwash sands and gravels (representing retreat phases) were subsequently cannibalized and severely deformed by re-advancing ice and they are identified now only as relict deposits. Glaciotectonic deformation is manifest in the lower Juwayl at outcrop as high to low-angle thrust sheets, and throughout the subsurface numerous shear zones are recognized in the Unayzah C member, both in core as well as in downhole wireline log responses (spectral gamma-ray and image logs). The multiple phases of glacial advance and retreat produced push moraine nappe complexes within which wholesale explosive disruption and redistribution of the sediment is observed. This was a consequence of fluidization related to glacially-induced overpressuring. Potentially significant reservoir heterogeneity arises in the subsurface Unayzah C member in relation to the shear zones, by the creation of reservoir compartments of widely varying extent and with unknown but potentially very poor interconnectedness. The upper Juwayl Member is represented at the outcrop by pebbly sandstones and conglomerates that were laid down upon a braided fluvial, glacial outwash plain. These pass upwards into boulder-bearing siltstones (stratified diamictites) that were deposited in a glaciolacustrine setting. Similar depositional sequences are seen in the subsurface Unayzah B member in the western (basin-marginal) part of the study area. Locally, subsurface data from the Unayzah B in these western areas suggests sustained ice-contact conditions, interpreted as evidence for local sustained “alpine” ice caps throughout Unayzah B time. Farther east, the more basin-central deposits of the Unayzah B member comprise a wide variety of depositional facies, all of which are nonetheless attributed generally to a glaciolacustrine setting. These include: (1) minor ice-contact push moraine deposits indicative of minor glacial re-advance during overall glacial retreat; (2) thick sequences of ice-proximal sublacustrine gravity flow sandstones and massive diamictites; and (3) significantly more ice-distal sublacustrine sandstones and mudrocks, including stratified diamictites and dropstones. In both basin-marginal and basin-central settings, the Unayzah B facies associations everywhere display strong evidence for sustained melting during terminal retreat of the Gondwanan ice sheets. This resulted in sustained infill and deepening and eventual overspilling of the basin-central lakes leading to widespread flooding throughout the basin. This flooding was ultimately manifest also at the basin margins in the west of the study area. A high degree of reservoir heterogeneity occurs within the subsurface Unayzah B member as a result of the wide variety of depositional facies. Reservoir quality correspondingly ranges from excellent to non-reservoir.