Tesi sul tema "Outils de création"
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Veste, Stéphane. "Méthodologie et outils pour la création d'un test d'écoute dichotique de haute qualité". Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0078.
Testo completoDemgne, kamdem Floriane. "Les outils du traducteur pour la création d’un dictionnaire bilingue de l’Énergie : www.lexiterme.com". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0824/document.
Testo completoAt present, the key issue is that of energy transition, smart cities, connected objects, renewable energy... We wanted to create this dictionary in order to provide concrete answers to some challenges faced in this sector. The aim was to show some tools used by the translator or linguist to create a bilingual dictionary available online. Nevertheless, given the multitude of software in the market, we have decided to delimit the experimental phase. We opted for among other SDL Trados Studio 2011, Trados 7 Freelance, TermoStat, TerMine and Multiterm. The theories and books of renowned linguists, including Wüster, Gouadec or Nolet, inspired our thoughts. We also opted for a method that is both explanatory and experimental. Our corpus of 130 pages has allowed us to extract a total of over 3,000 terms on two different tools. Software proved to be restrictive depending on the volume of the project or even the editor of the Software. It turned out that the automation of the corpus analysis certainly helped to save time, but the choice of terms could be questioned. The English - French bilingual dictionary www.lexiterme.com is already available online although at this point, it is still a pilot version.Keywords: terminology, dictionary, database, corpus analysis, lexicography
Martin, Perrine. "Instrumentation, créativité en éducation artistique : Le cas de l'utilisation des outils de création numérique à l'école". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10053.
Testo completoLefaix-Durand, Aurelia. "Customer-supplier relationships as a means of value creation : Les relations client-fournisseur comme outils de création de valeur". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25189/25189.pdf.
Testo completoThis dissertation argues that customer-supplier relationships are a means of value creation and represent a solution for organizations to increase their competitiveness. The research conducted to validate this thesis targets Canadian wood products manufacturers and follows the steps of exploration, theory building and empirical assessment. An exploratory study first documents the critical trends reshaping the supply chain of structural wood products for residential construction in North America and provides empirical data on procurement strategies of the largest U.S. homebuilders. Findings ground the necessity to focus on value creation and interfirm relationships to help Canadian wood products manufacturers capitalize on the changes detected in the business environment. A theoretical model is then built to identify and relate the key elements of the phenomenon of interfirm relationships as a means of value creation. This step leads to, on the one hand, extending the emergent construct of relationship value to measure value creation in relationships, and on the other hand, developing a new construct, exchange orientation, to position the nature and governance of relationships on the transactional/relational continuum. Finally, a multiple-case study investigates interfirm relationships in the North American supply chain for structural wood products through the lens of this new orientation/value approach to relationships. The findings indicate that a relational exchange orientation is associated with a superior relationship value for customers and with a competitive edge for suppliers. While the findings do not suggest abandoning a transactional orientation altogether, they do advocate that customer-supplier relationships should be strategically managed according to their value and the appropriate exchange orientation. This work thus underlies the future development of a general theory of business relationships. Such a theory will support the strategic management of customer-supplier relationships, likely to be one of the most powerful sources of value creation and competitive advantage in the next decades.
Bricout, Romain. "Les enjeux de la lutherie électronique : de l'influence des outils musicaux sur la création et la réception des musiques électroacoustiques". Lille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL30081.
Testo completoMarked by the specific conception which made it, the tool happens to be the very medium of this conception proving its efficiency through its invisibility. If the plough is used to dig the ground, it also requires the use of the animal haulage to strengthen the human action, and if the musical instrument is needed to play music, it is mainly determined to play a certain kind of music : the instrument represents the theoretical frame of the music for which it was created. Though it is firstly used to play music, the instrument can however be analysed as an object of memory which indirectly plays a significant role in the construction of a symbolical discourse. The sutdy of musical organology of the tools used in electroacoustic creation could then reveal the phenomenon of the "time turned into plastic material" on which they are partly based, and they could also suggest that sound leads to the gesture (or "g-sound"). This sensitive phenomenon can occur thanks to the instrumental "reduction" which is made by the musical interfaces - instruments which do not produce any sound. The transformation of time into plastic material is not the direct consequence of the recording activity, however it is directly implied by the semiotic dimension of the gesture when it is fixed, created or re-composed on the recording material. Because of its relation with movement and time, the electronic music gesture seems to be altered by its impersonal or "had not been" dimension : the study of the perception of time can not go without the analysis of the intrinsic relation between human being and tool
Bila, Deroussy Pathum. "Approche systemique de la créativité : Outils et methodes pour aborder la complexite en conception amont". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0038/document.
Testo completoStimulating creativity remains a major challenge to support innovation. Since pioneering theoretical work from 1950-1960, there is now a large number of tools, methods, and guidelines disseminated among practitioners. However, companies today face such complexity, both technical and organizational, that the tools and methods traditionally used reach their limits and became inefficient. Not only we don’t have any strong fundamental theory of creativity, but also research in this field often lacks relevance in terms of transfer into practice and adequacy with pragmatic industrial needs. This thesis explores how the systemic approach allows the study of creativity to highlight new ways to stimulate it in complex industrial settings. This approach allowed us to synthesize the mechanisms of creativity in a systemic model, and bring out three fundamental interactions: sensorimotor, cognitive, and social. To simultaneously stimulate these interactions, three methodological guidelines have been proposed and tested in a car manufacturer industrial environment, in the context of real innovation projects. The results of our experiments show that the combined use of, first analogical stimulation tools, the other a language of visual forms, and finally a cyclical process alternating imagination, design and creation, can significantly improve the creative performance. Our model of creativity, now understood as "the complex system of creation", enables us to jointly enrich the theoretical scientific field and also methodological practices. It also opens developing prospects for innovation management and management sciences
Frydlender, Jean-Christophe. "Outils de contrôle de gestion, information imparfaite et ergonomie cognitive : une mise en oeuvre de la logique floue pour la représentation des projets". Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN0629.
Testo completoYu, Emilie. "Conception d'outils de création de contenu 3D basés sur le dessin 3D". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4114.
Testo completoThe increasing accessibility of real-time 3D rendering hardware has made 3D content creation a major means of expression and storytelling. But authoring 3D content requires interacting with the digital representations of shape and appearance that are compatible with rendering and animation algorithms. Triangular meshes, parametric material models and animation curves, while well suited to downstream computation, require artists to convey their ideas in terms of low-level commands that need to be learnt and remembered.In this thesis, we explore the use of 3D strokes as a way for artists to express their ideas. Inspired by the way artists work with brush and canvas, we consider the artist's mark-making gesture as the main input to the authoring system. 3D strokes are flexible primitives that can be created in either 2D desktop user interfaces or in virtual reality (VR) interfaces, and they can encode a 3D shape or likewise the final appearance of a 3D painting. Designing tools that consider 3D strokes as a shape or appearance representation opens a large and exciting space to explore.Designers can use 3D strokes as a partial representation of 3D shape. We investigate how to interpret a sparse 3D sketch into a 3D surface model. Since feature curves are a prominent part of the design and are finely depicted by the sketch, we recover a piece-wise smooth surface that preserves those sharp features. By obtaining a surface from 3D strokes, our algorithm allows to render the shape depicted by the sketch.To better understand how 3D strokes can depict not only the shape but also the appearance of objects, we study the practice of VR painting among a community of artists that work with a commercial VR painting software. Based on this inquiry, we propose a design and implementation for 3D-Layers, a new interaction primitive for VR painting that embraces 3D strokes as the sole representation for both 3D shape and appearance, yet decouples edition of these two elements. Inspired by the usage of layer compositing in 2D digital painting, we support a non-destructive workflow to edit the appearance of a VR painting.Hand-drawn animation is an expressive way to convey an animation with strokes. In “video doodles” animation, artists create an animated doodle that seems to live in the same 3D space as a captured video. Taking into account perspective effects and occlusions while drawing 2D strokes is not an easy task, so we leverage computer vision techniques to place strokes in 3D space and render them with respect to the video context. We design a 2D user interface that resembles traditional 2D motion design tools, to enable usersunfamiliar with 3D tools to create such animations.Overall, we show that 3D strokes are an expressive representation for 3D content creation by proposing three systems that leverage 3D strokes or 3D sketches as interaction primitives for creative applications spanning shape, appearance and animation authoring.We approach system design from two complementary perspectives ; we develop novel algorithms to interpret strokes and low-level user input, and we design interactions to provide new ways for people to express their high-level intent
Teeraparbseree, Aree. "Méthode et outils pour la création automatiques et l'évaluation [i. E automatiques] de structures de bases lexicales multilingues (symétriques) à lexies et axies". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010398.
Testo completoPour résoudre ce problème, la stratégie proposée est de composer des techniques existantes de désambiguïsation pour structurer semi-automatiquement des bases lexicales multilingues à lexies et acceptions interlingues. De plus, cette thèse propose une catégorisation des critères d'évaluation de la qualité des BDLM, ainsi que les mesures correspondantes.
Cette stratégie a été implémentée dans Jeminie, un système logiciel adaptable qui permet d'implémenter à la fois des méthodes de structuration de BDLM et des mesures de qualité, sous la forme de modules logiciels réutilisables.
Des compositions arbitraires de ces modules peuvent être définies par un lexicologue dans un langage de haut niveau d'abstraction, ce qui permet d'adapter facilement la structuration et l'évaluation de qualité en fonction des objectifs du lexicologue et des ressources disponibles sans nécessiter de connaissances en programmation.
L'intérêt de cette approche a été validé expérimentalement : la qualité des BDLM obtenues est meilleure par combinaison de techniques qu'avec chaque technique antérieure utilisée seule.
Fuoco, Geneviève. "La méthode Jacques Lecoq et les Cycles Repère. Deux outils de travail complémentaires dans la création du spectacle Le temps nous est gare". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24945/24945.pdf.
Testo completoDufeu, Frédéric. "Mémoires artificielles et outils de création musicale : Conséquences de l’emploi des lutheries électroniques et numériques sur la conception et l’appréhension des musiques électroacoustiques". Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20038.
Testo completoDuring the XXth and XXIst centuries, electroacoustic music has largely benefited from the developments of instruments based on electronic and digital technologies. Among the ruptures caused by the use of new instruments beside mechanical and acoustic situations, the ability of some devices for instrumental playing to memorize sound-related and musical information is the main issue of this research. While artificial memories, under their different forms, have a function of invention for composition tools, they are here mainly discussed as they are implemented in digital musical instruments. For written and interpreted works as well as for improvised music, the memory allows an instrument to base its behavior linking gestures to sound production on operations of recognition, learning, categorization and recombination made upon symbolic or audio information. The highlighting and the study of such a singular instrumental feature lead to reconsider instrument design and activities of composition, interpretation and improvisation
Boigelot, Sana. "Méthode et outils de diagnostic pour l'aide à la décision : application à la création de zones d'activités économiques dans une optique de développement durable". Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9b10b2ec-9119-485a-a7ae-58cb2c8ca657.
Testo completoThe development of Industrial and Business Parks (IBP) is a major stake for the communities because of the creation of job and the financial contribution by taxes. In order to face the problems met in the IBP functionning and the impact which they have on theirs urban and natural environment, local authorities react and adopt environmental tools. Most of those tools focus on the management of the IBP. That's why we then proposed a method and tools enabling developers to make decisions in a sustainable way from the upstream stage of the creation of an IBP. The method and the tools aim at performing a diagnosis of the site chosen for the projects implantation. This diagnosis is carried out on the basis of a sustainable development indicators system. It purpose consist of revealing the strong and weak element of the site with regard to the project. The analysis of the result of the diagnosis points out relevant information for decision-making and for working out of the goal setting brief. The method is also leads to the analysis of the adequacy of the project with the site as well: choose a site for the project, choose an economical activity for the site (industry, trade, …)
Méthel, Gilles. "De la représentation en image de synthèse : une rupture épistémologique entre une tradition picturale illusionniste et la modernité des outils de création et de communication". Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20055.
Testo completoIt computer graphics is analysed within a historical background of a pictorial tradition, and not exclusively under the traditional perspective view-point, it also can be thorugh other artistic evolutions, so that it sounded out as the outcome of the illusionnist representation history, whose stakes computer graphics joins and brings foreward. Beyond a possible comparison of these shapes to varied pictorial aesthetics, computer graphics creation tools are resolutely new. They sometimes materialize into a computer. But they can remaion conceptual, asd an algorithm, the nature of such a represented object comes completely transformed. By using those numerous representations of a same object, computer graphics is brought into the world of motion, and thus, through virtual realities, it can immensde as well individually people, as virtual communities socially do it. In fact, the improvement in these representation forms can lead to confusion with analogical image - a reality trace - and can supplant reality itself
Cervellin, Patrice. "Étude critique pour une création vidéoludique non formatée : du coffre à jouets au jeu vidéo". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2019MON30024.
Testo completoCritical study for an unformatted video game creation: From the toy box to the video game Patrice Cervellin, as a game designer (creator of video games), makes an observation over his work as a professional designer and the aesthetic reception of video games: procedural rhetoric and graphic representations impose on the player a reductive and stereotyped worldview, close to a flattering cliché, conveying an ultra-liberal post-modern vision of society. In the name of technical progress and its efficient facilitation, video game creation software programs does in fact guide the creation and greatly encourage the reproduction of video game stereotypes. With a constantly increased performance, these software programs promise to compensate more and more of the developers’ lack of technical skills, whether in coding, level editing, character creation or music composition. Even more concerning is the facilitation of the advent of the very concept of the work. This thesis refers to the concept of a successful video game ontology to discuss how technology pervades all the creation process, its media and modes of production. Technology, by dulling the creative mind, the living spirit, neutralizes critical thinking. By examining the content of the software tools available on the market, this doctoral research has resulted in both the elaboration and the criticism of a combinatorial algorithm capable of generating successful video games. This research considers the video game as a media and an artistic medium that should be deconstructed. More generally, this work raises the question of the status of the artist in the 21st century, particularly in relation to the tools and the importance they are given in the creative process, at the same time questioning the idea of the work and its fabrication. In accordance with the institutional framework of a research-creation project, this doctoral research demonstrates that a game is not, by any means, reduced to a metaphor of the rules of the game, currently dominant and specific to the liberal contemporary world. Through the realization of a plastic video game research project, it is the determinism of production devices in video games development that is finely problematized
De, Visscher Emile. "Manufactures Technophaniques". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLET033/document.
Testo completoTitle :Technophanic ManufacturesSubtitle :A research through design to explore manufacturing processes’ technical, aesthetical and symbolic regimes, stimulating collective understanding and participation.Problem :The current environmental crisis requires to reconsider collectively our material production’s impacts and issues. How can we then create production tools able to engage and mobilise both individuals and collectives, inviting them to take part in the thinking and making of these new production systems?Hypothesis :Looking beyond the current “maker” movement which aims at developing locally accessible and open production tools, this research explores the conditions of “technophanic manufactures” which include not only the efficiency of the process, but also its symbolic and sensible aspects to engage individuals and communities in a production and consumption shift.The environmental crisis demands a closer look at the origin of things. Today, we barely know the provenance of the objects we buy and use on a daily basis, nor how they are made and how much energy they require. We don’t have access to their “ecologies”. This lack of knowledge keeps the environmental issues at stake out of reach, it “de-responsibilisates” us. Recent design movements have developed a more open, small-scale and accessible vision of production processes. They seek to democratize, share, and educate society in a global understanding and participation to the making of things. Though crucial, these movements are limited by the fact that they only develop and present these new inventions as alternative means. The thesis claims that the socialisation of production provides a unique occasion to rethink our relation to technologies and artefacts through narratives. This practice-based design research explores the conditions through which new manufacturing processes fully take into account the symbolic and aesthetic aspects that allow people to endorse the problems at stake, not only through use and efficiency, but also through sensation, imagination and wonder. This cultural approach to technologies has been named by Gilbert Simondon “Technophany”, in direct reference to Mircea Eliade’s “Hierophany”, which described the equally symbolic and efficiently driven relation to tools and processes that many non-Western people have developed and kept alive. These “technophanic manufactures” seek to “make us love techniques again” to become public things, “res publica” - able to enrol communities around the awareness of uses and impacts. To do so, a design approach is necessary, in order to include technical, symbolic, aesthetic, scientific, political, commercial and practical ways of thinking. It seeks to translate hidden realities into accessible and participative experiences
Bellahsene, Tarik. "La colonisation en Algérie : processus et procédures de création des centres de peuplement : institutions, intervenants et outils : les cas de Grande Kabylie, 1857-1899, de la plaine vers la montagne". Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/121310949#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Testo completoAlgeria knew under the French colonization the constitution of a new urban reinforcement via the creation of "centre européens de peuplement" (European centres of settlement) this research study aims at the release of the general process and of procedures related to the projects of the creation of these centres, knowing these projects were affiliated to precise programs (systems) or following a specific logic guided by opportunities and facts. It is then essential to raise in their historical and geographic context the multiple political, institutional, administrative and technical structures involved in the colonization projects. It appears that behind an homogenous work representing the urban reinforcement, a territorial action far from the monolithic and linear phenomenon for a succession of attempts intimately related to the context in which it fit. The Kabylia of Djurdjura a rocky mountain ground, densely populated and opposed to the extensive needs of colonization has concentrated and amplified the fragmentary action of a territorial colonization between 1857 (late date of conquest) and 1899 (the official date closing the settlement in the region) will constitute for us an excuse to reconstitute in real time the process, the procedures, the actors and their projects
Nogatchewsky, Stéphane. "Le contrôle stratégique des relations inter-organisationnelles dans le secteur de l'aéronautique civile : une étude sur les leviers clés, les outils et mécanismes de contrôle". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00941447.
Testo completoBenade, Morgane. "Essais sur la "smart customization" : Vers une meilleure compréhension de la perspective client relative aux offres de smart customization". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM015/document.
Testo completoIn the last decade, our products have been more and more equipped with information and communication technology (ICT), which has modified the nature of their applications greatly. Notably, firms find finally a mean to empower customers to customize their products after purchase. One talks about “Smart Customization”. For such “smart” customization to happen, the idea is to embed directly smart user toolkits for co-design (smart UTCD) into our consumer products. That said, while in the business press, they largely view smart customization as an opportunity to be tapped, in contrast, research is hardly focused on it. Notably, it appears essential to identify factors of customer - based success of such novel customization offers. Thereby, in paper I, I adapt and test a technology acceptance model to smart UTCD. In paper II, I realize a choice based conjoint analysis on smart UTCD. In article III, I expose a theoretical framework for use generation and apply it one the two existing types of smart UTCD. With my findings, I contribute to theory by adding to our limited understanding of the smart UTCD acceptance, providing in-depth knowledge on the customer´s choice process on the smart UTCD´ design features and by opening the black box on the co-design mechanisms that occur between customers - smart UTCD. Additionally, the findings of my three article that compose my dissertation permit firms to be provided with some measures on how to design smart customization offers that fit better the target customers
Leonard, James. "La Plateforme MSCI : vers un outil de création d'instruments virtuels à retour d'effort. Application à la création musicale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS036.
Testo completoThe notion of instrumentality can be defined as the corporal relationship between a human and a physical object, called an instrument. This intimate situation simultaneously addresses the various human action and perception sensory canals, and constitutes a vector for enactive knowledge. In particular, this instrumental relationship plays a key role in the expressiveness of musical instruments.In the digital context, a vast area of research concerns sensory interactions with virtual entities, by means of sensors and actuators, including gestural interaction with force feedback systems. On the one hand the Virtual Reality domain, historically focused on visual aspects, generally focus gestural interaction on spatial features, often losing the focus of dynamic features. On the other hand, Digital Musical Instruments are essentially centered on interactive control of digital sound synthesis processes, grounded in information technologies and signal processing. These two approaches synthesize sensory phenomena destined to different perceptive channels following a multimodal approach, the virtual object being decomposed into subsections, linked together by control relations.It is however possible to conceive systems that allow for instrumental interaction with a virtual simulated object, maintaining total and bidirectional energetic coherence, from gesture to sound and reciprocally. In this case, it is necessary to bring together (a) a physical modeling formalism that allows creating intrinsically multisensory virtual objects that possess visual, acoustical and haptic properties, (b) force feedback systems with high dynamic performances and (c) specialized computation architectures that allow for a reactive, high rate synchronous simulation loop.The work of this thesis consists in the extension and convergence of concepts and techniques hereby mentioned here-above, in order to create a platform for instrumental musical creation, named MSCI (Modeleur Simulateur pour la Création Instrumentale), proposing a multi-rate architecture for the simulation of virtual musical instruments on a new dedicated simulation architecture. A modeling environment allows complete design of the virtual instrument based on mechanical and physical principles, and to configure the haptic coupling between this instrument and the user during the force-feedback simulation.Notably, it addresses the separation of the instrumental chain into zones which present mostly non-vibrating phenomena within a dynamic range close to the human sensory-motor gesture, and zones which vibrate at acoustical rates, producing sound. These two sections of the instrument may be simulated at different rates, adapted to the physical phenomena that they give birth to. In the scope of a physical modeling formalism that guarantees the energetic coherence of simulated objects, this multi-rate separation is a new topic that requires careful handling, in terms both or respect of the physical coupling and of numerical stability.To our knowledge, this is the first environment for musical creation by means of physical modeling that allows for instrumental manipulation of multisensory virtual instruments, respecting an energetic coherence between the human and the instrument, and therefore allowing embracing the creative potential of digital sound synthesis while disposing of the intimacy and expressiveness of instrumental gestures. Beyond the musical scope, this work provides the basis and the technological tools for the emergence of a true multisensory form of art, jointly addressing vision, hearing and gesture
Lavric, Traian. "Methodologies and tools for expert knowledge sharing in manual assembly industries by using augmented reality". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS015.
Testo completoAbstract: To remain competitive in the ongoing industrial revolution (i.e., Industry 4.0), manufacturing sectors must ensure high flexibility at the production level, a need best addressed by skilled human workforce. As traditional training becomes increasingly inefficient, finding a better way of training novice workers becomes a critical requirement. Literature suggests that augmented reality (AR), an emerging technology proposed by Industry 4.0, can potentially address this concern.The benefits of AR-based knowledge sharing tools have been demonstrated in a variety of domains, including industry, from manufacturing to validation and maintenance. However, despite the progress of AR in recent years, no significant industrial breakthrough can be noted. We found that most AR systems are elaborated and evaluated under controlled settings, without the implication of the eventual end users. Guided by literature recommendations, we conducted a long-term case study in a manual assembly factory, to identify needs and expectations that an AR training system should meet, to optimally address the considered industrial sector.Further, we conducted an in-depth analysis on information representation and conveyance in AR, with respect to cognitive implications and content authoring efforts. We explored as well human-computer interaction paradigms to identify principles and design guidelines for elaborating an AR tool dedicated to the shop floor context. We found that the visual representation of the assembly expertise in AR can rely on spatially registered low-cost visual assets (i.e., text, photo, video, and predefined auxiliary data), while a human-centered design should be adopted during the elaboration of the AR system, prioritizing usability and usefulness rather than performance.We defined a formalized visual representation (i.e., 2W1H principle) of assembly operations in AR, that considers authoring concerns and supports training performance. We proposed an HMD-only immersive authoring that allows one to capture his assembly expertise in-situ, during the assembly itself. The authoring is a one-step process, does not rely on existing data or external services and does not require AR or technical expertise, pre- or post-processing of data. During training, the assembly information is conveyed via AR by following the 2W1H principle, designed to guide novice workers in a natural, non-intrusive manner, minimizing user input and UI clutter, and aiming to optimize comprehension and learning.We evaluated our proposal by conducting several experiments. The first, conducted on a real-world assembly workstation, confirmed the hypothesis that spatially registered low-cost visual assets can effectively convey manual assembly expertise to novice workers via AR in an industrial setup. The findings of the second experiment supported the assumption that the worthiness of authoring CAD-based AR instructions in similar industrial context is questionable. A final experiment proved that the proposed AR system, including both authoring and training procedures, can be used effectively by novices in a matter of minutes. The overall reported feedback demonstrated the usability and efficiency of the proposed AR training approach, indicating that a similar system implementation could be successfully adopted in shop floor environments.Future work should validate the reported experimental findings in large-scale industrial evaluations and propose reliable “intelligent” modules (e.g., assembly validation and feedback) to better assist novice workers during training and optimize the authoring procedure as well
Lafleur, Valérie. "QI GONG CRÉATEUR. Potentialité du Qi Gong comme outil de création au théâtre". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29414/29414.pdf.
Testo completoHarouna, S. Abdoul-Kader. "AMADEOS outil de création de scénarii réalistes dans les réseaux ad hoc mobiles". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5488.
Testo completoGrando, Diego. "Spoilers e outras suspeitas sobre tempo e poesia : reflexão e criação". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/159125.
Testo completoArticulando reflexão teórica e criação literária, esta tese busca apresentar um conjunto de indagações e hipóteses envolvendo tempo, poesia e contemporaneidade. No capítulo inicial, Em torno do tempo: protocolo de intenções, aborda-se a questão da variedade dos tempos constitutivos da poesia enquanto gênero literário, bem como sua relação com o contemporâneo, a partir do pensamento de Staiger, Bosi, Adorno e Agamben. No segundo capítulo, Os tempos do tempo da criação poética, é feita uma pesquisa sobre a presença e as funções do tempo na e para a criação poética, num percurso histórico organizado em três momentos: os textos doutrinários, desde as Poéticas e Retóricas clássicas até as Poéticas e Tratados dos séculos XVIII e XIX; os textos confessionais e autorreflexivos, tais como prefácios, manifestos e depoimentos de criação, de poetas dos século XIX e XX; e os estudos sobre os processos de criação literária no século XX, mais especificamente a Crítica Genética. No terceiro capítulo, Formas do tempo na poesia brasileira contemporânea, são analisadas duas obras contemporâneas da poesia brasileira, fim das coisas velhas (2009), de Marco de Menezes, e Um útero é do tamanho de um punho (2012), de Angélica Freitas, enfocando determinadas manifestações relacionadas ao tempo: memória, percepção, imagem, tempo histórico, senso comum e desautomatização. No quarto capítulo, é apresentada uma obra criativa inédita, um livro de poemas intitulado Spoilers. O capítulo final, Em tempo: considerações sobre um percurso, consiste em um depoimento sobre o processo de criação de Spoilers, relacionando-o com as questões abordadas nos capítulos anteriores.
Prin, Dominique. "création et validation d'un outil low-cost d'analyse de la posture du cavalier 'ADPC'". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS017/document.
Testo completoConceptualize, implement, calibrate and validate a platform for studying the rider's posture. We will use a referring horse simulator for our device's validation.We want to highlight the concept of passive and active riders seat. After changes and horse simulator's calibration by accelerometry, we create a calibrated wired platform such as embedded system. we perform experiments in the stables with expert's riders, jumping and dressage. we are studying the two types of rider's seat with an ending experiment. We try to determine seated standart positions for rider. we will export our analysis experiment in the world of Para and in the rehabilitation's world
Desbiendras, Nicolas. "Représentations au travers d'un espace sémantique : création d'un outil de mesure d'opinion : le différentiel sémiologique". Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0004.
Testo completoDelanoy, Johanna. "Interprétation et génération de représentations artistiques : applications à la modélisation par le dessin et à la stylisation de vidéos". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4036.
Testo completoDigital tools brings new ways of creation, for accomplished artists as well as for any individual willing to create. In this thesis, I am interested in two different aspects in helping artists: interpreting their creation and generating new content. I first study how to interpret a sketch as a 3D object. We propose a data-driven approach that tackles this challenge by training deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to predict occupancy of a voxel grid from a line drawing. We integrate our CNNs in an interactive modeling system that allows users to seamlessly draw an object, rotate it to see its 3D reconstruction, and refine it by re-drawing from another vantage point using the 3D reconstruction as guidance. We then complement this technique with a geometric method that allows to refine the quality of the final object. To do so, we train an additional CNN to predict higher resolution normal maps from each input view. We then fuse these normal maps with the voxel grid prediction by optimizing for the final surface. We train all of these networks by rendering synthetic contour drawings from procedurally generated abstract shapes. In a second part, I present a method to generate stylized videos with a look reminiscent of traditional 2D animation. Existing stylization methods often retain the 3D motion of the original video, making the result look like a 3D scene covered in paint rather than a 2D painting of a scene. Inspired by cut-out animation, we propose to modify the motion of the sequence so that it is composed of 2D rigid motions. To achieve this goal, our approach applies motion segmentation and optimization to best approximate the input optical flow with piecewise-rigid transforms, and re-renders the video such that its content follows the simplified motion. Applying existing stylization algorithm to the new sequence produce a stylized video more similar to 2D animation. Although the two parts of my thesis lean on different methods, they both rely on traditional techniques used by artists: either by understanding how they draw objects or by taking inspiration from how they simplify the motion in 2D animation
Estampe, Dominique. "Modèle d'évaluation des performances Supply Chain : outil de mesure de la crétion de valeur". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0021.
Testo completoThe purpose of supply chain management is to pilot a group of actors belonging to one or several chains, thereby achieving a global optimisation of the chain(s) and creating shared value. Systemic analysis has improved understanding of actors’ performance expectations, and with today’s broader outlook, chains tend to be viewed as encompassing a whole range of disparate elements. Determining the best supply chain management practices helps to create value for customers and shareholders. Using a statistical model, we have been able to show that the more companies commit to a supply chain excellence approach, the greater the value for their customers and shareholders. The companies that have established the best supply chain management practices are those that will benefit most from customer and shareholder goodwill. We then analysed the different supply chain management performance evaluation models and showed that existing variants are not all geared towards value creation analysis. This led us to compare 15 models differentiated by several categories. Having observed several weaknesses in these variants, we came up with our own supply chain management performance evaluation model (SCALE), one that is more oriented towards value creation within the chain and will enable companies to move as efficiently as possible to adopt an extended value creation construct. The model was implemented in a large retail company to demonstrate how its utilisation can impact the creation of new wealth for company and chain alike. The conclusions of this corporate study show that the SCALE model helps corporate decision-makers within a particular chain to improve the way in which they pilot their organisations by incorporating the characteristic parameters of each actor and the environment as a whole
Laprise, Yolande. "À l'abri d'un poème : l'écriture comme outil de connaissance de soi". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29353.
Testo completoJacqueson, Loïc. "Intégration de l'environnement en entreprise : proposition d'un outil de pilotage du processus de création de connaissances environnementales". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005627.
Testo completoMalgré leur grande diversité, les approches existantes ne répondent que partiellement au besoin d'intégration de l'environnement. Notre vision de cette problématique, est que l'intégration de l'environnement est un processus à long terme conditionné par :
- la création par l'entreprise de nouvelles connaissances propres à ses activités,
- l'implication de l'ensemble des services de l'entreprise,
- le choix d'une approche managériale intermédiaire entre Top-down et Bottom-Up.
Dans ce sens, nous proposons un outil de pilotage du processus de création de connaissances environnementales composé d'un référentiel à trois dimensions permettant de caractériser les connaissances environnementales dans l'entreprise, d'une stratégie de progression et d'une typologie d'actions, et qui permet de piloter le processus (outil de suivi, d'analyse et de régulation).
La première partie du document s'attachera à détailler la construction de l'outil de pilotage qui sera évalué à l'aide d'expérimentations réalisée au sein de l'entreprise FAURECIA-Sièges d'automobile.
Les résultats de ces travaux portent d'une part sur la capacité de l'outil à piloter le processus de création de connaissances environnementales et d'autre part sur son rôle en tant que moyen de gestion des projets liés à l'environnement dans les entreprises.
Sauvaget, Catherine. "De la synthèse d'images expressive aux effets bande déssinée : vers un outil d'aide à la création artistique". Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083398.
Testo completoWe present a tool for assisting artistic creation which produce a wide variety of image stylizations with “comics” effects. The system gives to the user an important role in the control of stylization. Starting from an artistic analysis, we propose a system based on the most important criteria in the artistic process of picture creation. We present models coming up to artists expectations. First, we present a model semi-automatically generating a depth map to stylize images while avoiding depth problems. It can also produce atmospheres used by artists to induce specific psychological effects to the observer. Then, we propose two models showing the interest of harmonizing images and using the contrast of quantity defined by Johannes Itten. The first one ensures this harmony in images like photographs or illustrations; based on the same harmony, the second one offers, by extension, a coloring aid for sketches to obtain harmonious images at the early stages of creation. Our last model deals with the effects of light contained in the images. It allows to stylize different kinds of lighting effects by moving, reshaping or giving them a style developed from well-known artistic movements. We conclude with our tool contributions and we present possible improvements as well as our plans for the future
Du, Peloux de Saint Romain Bertrand. "Modélisation des actionneurs électromagnétiques par réseaux de réluctances : création d'un outil métier dédié au prédimensionnement par optimisation". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10144.
Testo completoIn the field of electromagnetism, the reluctance networks are perfectly adapted to pre- sizing issues. However, their setting in equations is a tiresome task and often leads to errors, and suffers from a lack of dedicated. This work proposes to formulate this method in a general case, and then to implement it in a dedicated tool in order to automate the creation process of the model, starting from the designer's know-how. In order to improve the models, energies and force calculation are also proposed. Finally an automatic derivation of the model allows its compatibility with optimization algorithms that use the gradients. The simulation of the transient states is also approached through a methodology allowing to couple electric and mechanical parts, thus a complete dynamic model can be obtained. A close attention is paid to their formulation because of the integration of the differential equations by numerical methods
Legardeur, Jérémy. "Le management des idées en conception innovante : pour une hybridation des outils d'aide aux développements créatifs". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662405.
Testo completoFauché, Christelle. "Le « Théâtre de la Résilience » : création, application et étude d'un outil de résilience assistée à destination des adolescents". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080085.
Testo completoThe work presented here is the result of a longitudinal action-research which led to the design, application and evaluation of a theatrical tool entitled "Theatre of Resilience", aimed at preventing risk behaviors in adolescence. Nine workshops were conducted over a period of 6 years involving 148 adolescents from different backgrounds. The adolescents were welcomed without selection or exclusion criteria in weekly or bi-weekly theatrical workshops lasting 1h30. These adolescents, boys and girls aged 11 to 19, from all backgrounds, attended these workshops for a period of 1 to 3 years and consented to be involved in this research in various ways depending on the context in which the tool was applied. We worked in three different settings to test the adaptability of the tool depending of the type of institution. Four of the nine groups were conducted in a private boarding school located in the inner suburbs of Paris; three groups were conducted in a "réussite éducative" program located in a priority education zone in the suburbs of Paris; the other two groups were set up and monitored in a neighborhood association in the Parisian’s 19th district. Following the deployment of the tool, data was collected from each group. Following the data gathering process, we were able to establish a number of protective factors on which the "Theatre of Resilience" tool might have influence on. This experiment provided a framework for designing assisted resilience tools using theatrical means as well as a starting point for the creation of assisted resilience tools aimed at other audiences or using means other than the performing arts
Ayeva, Tchabagnan. "Impacts d'actions environnementales et d'un outil multimedia dans la création et le renforcement des liens sociaux dans une petite communauté". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62574.pdf.
Testo completoNicolas, Ferry. "Formalisation des modèles de la méthode MACAO et réalisation d'un outil de génie logiciel pour la création d'interfaces homme-machine". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647482.
Testo completoHeeramun, Krishna. "Création et captation de la valeur dans la supply-chain : développement d'un outil de modélisation et d'aide à la décision". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX24008.
Testo completoFerry, Nicolas. "Formalisation des modèles de la méthode MACAO et réalisation d'un outil de génie logiciel pour la création d'interfaces homme machine". Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20034.
Testo completoThis thesis is in keeping with the field of the software engineering design of human-computer interfaces. It concentrates on the design and the creation of MACAO method's HCI models. The axis of HCI creation is examined by differentiating three design levels from the conceptual one to implementation. Our approach is based on a theoretical analysis and on practical statistical experiments of models used at Capgemini. This approach takes place in the well-known model transformation theory currently in use. This research has led us to distinguish the main design steps of an HCI in an industrial environment and to set a process to work out models and mock-ups in the requirement phase. When studying HCI design in real projects using an abstract representation, it is important to consider the user interface with the final user and to design it as a major element of the whole architecture since the design phase. A process is presented for the HCI creation that takes our criteria for the HCI design into account. This process is based on models with different levels of refinement. Meta-models are used for these different views of HCI creation. And a software engineering platform has been developed to edit and create SNI models. With these techniques and models, MACAO represents one of the most flexible and progressive ways to implement an HCI
Hajji, Michel. "La création virtuelle dans le jeu vidéo : un outil de travail clinique. Sortie du mutisme adolescent par sa progéniture virtuelle". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC075.
Testo completoThis entails a research project which arose in response to a need in clinical work with several young adolescents from diverse backgrounds exhibiting “selective mutism”. Their refusal to speak on the psychologist's couch posed a challenge in therapy. We therefore created a mediation apparatus composed of a life simulation video game and a fictional genogram. We attempted to demonstrate that the teenagers in question can recover verbal symbolization not requiring access to the real version of their family histories which are at the root of the problem. Fictional creativity and the interpersonal work with the psychologist can suffice. Theories on symbolism and subjectivation as well as trans-generational psychoanalysis are at the heart of the notions which allowed us to understand and to conceptualize the process we put in practice
Schleich, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation 3D de la morphogenèse cardiaque : création d'un outil multimédia d'enseignement et de recherche sur le développement normal du coeur humain". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B059.
Testo completoGavazza, Giuseppe. "La synthèse par modèle physique comme outil de formalisation musicale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS041.
Testo completoPhysical model synthesis offers an approach to composition alternative to the more usual signal processing. Considering the musical phenomenon as a "unicum" emerging from the interaction between the musicians and their instruments the physical model synthesis realizes and gives phenomenological and sensitive corporeality to the creative actions. By conceiving not as separate entities sound material and musical structure directs the potentialities of the computer and creates an original and fruitful dialectic between the formal (structural) and perceptual (cognitive).The sphere of action for my PhD concerns the development, formalisation and categorisation of structural models – created by physical modelling – useful for musical composition in the perspective to highlight the musical formalisation function associated with the CORDIS-ANIMA physical model simulation paradigm.The starting point for this work is 20 years of personal use as a composer, of the GENESIS physical model musical creation software developed by the ACROE-ICA laboratory.This experience has led me, through works both scientific (modelling) and artistic (music composition), to consider this environment not as a synthesis tool, but as a complex instrument, which allows to create a complete musical composition covering all three usual categories of acoustics and music: micro-formal (the tone, harmony, orchestration), mezzo-formal (the rhythm, melody, and the basic sequences/harmonic structures) and macro-formal (the higher level harmonic structure, the formal outline of the entire composition).My goal is not to propose the framework of a new music or a new aesthetic, but develop "well-tempered" instruments for a new practice of music creativity that explores and accomplishes better the potentialities of computer and digital technology. This also leads in the direction of broadening the dialectic instrumentality - writing music to a "supra instrumentality" [Cadoz6] and to post-scriptic outlook on musical creation [Cadoz7]
Cisse, Koua Malick. "Création d’un outil de dimensionnement par optimisation multiphysique et multiobjectif de machines synchro-reluctantes à aimants permanents pour véhicules électriques et hybrides". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST062.
Testo completoIn the work presented in this manuscript, we are interested in the implementation of a multi-physical sizing methodology by optimization of multilayer permanent magnet synchro-reluctant machines. This work aims first to identify the electrical machine technologies that can meet the needs of the automotive industry and then to set up a generic machine optimization methodology independent of the chosen machine technology. We started to review in chapter 1 the different electric machine technologies that can meet the needs of the automotive industry. From this study, we have seen that the current trend is towards the use of permanent magnet synchro-reluctant machines. In chapter 2, we presented the sizing methodology, as well as the fast and accurate multi-physics models we had set up during the thesis. Then, we used the machine dimensioning tool set up to perform sensitivity studies in chapter 3, looking in particular at the influence of the number of pole pairs, the ferromagnetic material characteristic, the number of magnet layers, etc. on the dimensioning of the synchro-reluctant machine. Finally, in the last chapter of the thesis, we dimensioned a 3kW machine prototype in order to validate the optimization approach and the physical models used during the dimensioning of the synchro-reluctant machine
Cazajus, Vincent. "Approches numérique et expérimentale de la liaison céramique métal réalisée par brasage en vue de la création d'un outil d'aide à la conception". Toulouse, INPT, 2007. https://hal.science/tel-04582504.
Testo completoCeramic and metallic materials are joined together in order to associate the different but complemantary properties of these two kind of materials. The main difficulties in ceramic to metal joining are based on the behaviour difference between these materials. Notably, the difference between the thermal expansion coefficient leads to the development of residual stresses after the braze alloy solidification (780°C) during brazing process. The framework of this study is to develop a conception tool for the ceramic metal brazed assemblies which allows to reduce the residual stresses values and to ensure its performance. The work has been organised in three major steps : the behaviour law identification of each materials of the assembly, the definition of the numerical conception tool and then the experimental validation of the residual stresses and mechanical behaviour estimation
Plaisance, Ariane. "Création d'un outil d'aide à la décision sur les niveaux de soins dans une unité de soins intensifs : entre la théorie et la pratique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27619.
Testo completoUpon admission to an intensive care unit, doctors should engage in a discussion with their patients about the life-sustaining treatments (e.g., cardiopulmonary resuscitation and invasive mechanical ventilation) that could be needed in case of a degradation of their health condition. Documenting levels of care is a communication strategy that helps translate patients’ wishes into a treatment plan that integrates patients’ values, preferences and prognosis. Without such discussions, interventions that prolong life at the cost of decreasing its quality may be used without appropriate guidance from patients. Shared decision making is recommended to facilitate doctors' and patients' discussions about levels of care. Patient decision aids can support shared decision making. However, there existed no French language decision aid adapted to the context of our intensive care unit serving a francophone population in the Province of Quebec. This thesis presents the steps that led to the adaptation of a decision aid about levels of care in a single francophone intensive care unit in Lévis, Québec. We employed user-centered design to adapt a patient decision aid about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and a clinical prediction rule. The final patient decision aid includes: 1) a values-clarification section; 2) questions about the patient’s functional autonomy prior to admission to the ICU and the functional decline that they would judge acceptable upon hospital discharge; 3) risks and benefits of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation; 4) population-level statistics about cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and 5) a summary section. We also used a wiki to program an online risk calculator based on the Good Outcome Following Attempted Resuscitation prediction rule that we linked to the IconArray.com risk representation software. The final tool and calculator are available at www.wikidecision.org. This thesis also contains a review of the scientific literature about obstacles to discussions about levels of care. It also includes our observations and our thoughts on the obstacles to discussions about levels of care.
Sidorcenco, Dalia. "La réforme des écoles d'art françaises : une approche théorique à la frontière de la sociologie des organisations et la socio-économie de la culture". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB193.
Testo completoIn 2011, following an accelerated reformation movement led by the network of French art schools, they joined the European area of higher education, getting out of the ''regime of singularity '', which distinguished them from the university system. This adherence note the accomplishment of a series of measures, whose implementation was intended to affect two distinct dimensions, constituting the reality of art schools: -the academic dimension, including the ''upgrading'' of curricula and restructuring the pedagogical organization, which allowed to accredit the awarded degree with a recognized diploma; -the administrative dimension, which through the transformation of municipal art schools into Public Cultural Cooperation Establishment (EPCC) aimed to start the empowerment process of local authorities. The aim of this research was to perceive the new issues regarding the art schools, one of them being the factors that stimulated the ''upgrading'' of the art schools condition. The other issue examined the governance tools that made possible and effective the deployment of autonomy decreed
Langlois, Vincent. "L'analyse du rapport d'opposition en volley-ball : modélisation et création d'un outil d'évaluation de la norme du jeu lors de Jeux Olympiques de Rio en 2016". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0026.
Testo completoAs part of an empirical research on the playing styles of different nations in volleyball, we collected data on various international competitions. Our goal was to model and rationalize our activity through the construction of a video feedback tool that allowed us to analyze the momentum between two teams. The purpose is not to describe how play a team, without considering the opponent, but to link the game systems of the two teams, offensive or defensive, considering their effects on the opponent. This is called “momentum” (or balance of power). As shown by Deleplace (1979) in his rugby modeling, it is by analyzing the momentum that we can explain and understand the essence of the activity.For this study, we choose to build a new analysis model adopting a technological procedure (Bouthier & Durey, 1994; Éloi & Uhlrich, 2011; Uhlrich, Éloi & Bouthier, 2011). It will allow us to consider the momentum as the first performance indicator. Our goal is to determine the standard of volleyball during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games through the analysis of the momentum. In this perspective, we choose to use the software Sportscode which is a meta software, i.e., a software to make software. The design of the software created by this meta software facilitates the analysis of the performance by allowing an easy viewing of the video instances predetermined by coach, during live or after the game.The results of this study show us that it is possible to identify the international volleyball standard at a specific moment in its history. In this way, it will be possible to compare the different teams between them and determine their style of play, but also to analyze the different ways of playing through its history
Cohu, Medhi. "Approche psychosociale des croyances relatives à la laïcité : Création d’un outil de mesure et mise en relation avec la perception des minorités culturelles et ethniques en France". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20041/document.
Testo completoLaïcité is considered a pillar of the French Republican model and is used, today, as a model of integration concerning immigrants and cultural and religious minorities in France. Research in socialpsychology studying the impact of support for the principle of laïcité on intergroup relations reveal that this principle negatively predicts the tolerance of cultural diversity. However, many sociologists, political analysts and historians agree to say that laïcité, as it is understood today, does not correspond to its initial definition, at the time of the creation of the law of Separation of Churches and the State, in 1905. Thus, it would seem that several, not only one, conceptions of laïcité exit. The objective of this thesis is to highlight the different conceptions of laïcité, and to study, to what extent, these reduce, or, on contrary, promote the tolerance of cultural and religious diversity. This objective is delineated in three lines of research: the first is to construct a measure of beliefs concerning laïcité taking into account the different interpretations of laïcité expressed in the public debate; the second is to study, to what extent, adhesion to the dimensions of laïcité is related to more or less tolerance of cultural diversity; the third is to study, to what extent, adhesion to the dimensions of laïcité reduces, or, on the contrary, promotes tolerance of religious diversity. In conclusion, this thesis shows that different conceptions of laïcité exist. These either promote tolerance of cultural and religious diversity, or on the contrary, reduce tolerance of cultural and religious diversity. The contributions of this work, both at the level of academic research, and at the societal level are discussed in the general conclusion
Le, Tollec François. "De la sémantique structurale à la lexicostatistique : création d’un outil informatique appliqué au conte de tradition orale de la province de Valladolid : une méthode de gestion et de comptabilisation textuelle". Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES1005.
Testo completoA corpus as vast and rich as that of the tale in the oral tradition of the province of Valladolid justifies the creation of a lexicostatistic tool. Computer analysis makes it possible to visualize precise and exhaustive data and to bring to the fore the various lexical units used in tales taken from the works of Joaquin DIAZ and from those of Aurelio M. ESPINOSA (hijo). This study first dwells on the particular regional context and defines the terminological apparatus. It then consists in the creation of a lexical data base -made possible by the processing of the whole corpus- derived from a large terminological body organized into several lexicosemantic categories; in the counting and representing by graphs of the data obtained; and finally in the interpretation of the results, registered and measured according to a sociolinguistic and sociocultural approach. In the end, this study allows the classification of tales by a new method of textual processing
Alhiane, Rachid. "Les licences libres et open source : outil stratégique de création et de captation de valeur pour les éditeurs open source : vers un dispositif de veille sur les business models viables". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32056.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a feedback on the competitive intelligence device set up in Marseille Innovation to allow open source software editors housed in its business incubator, to effectively monitor their environment in order to detect new opportunities for development. This project is part of a comprehensive approach, led by Marseille Innovation and its partners to structure a network of open source companies in the PACA area (south of France).First, we achieved a state of the art of open source literature emphasizing the paradox posed by the open source model for software editors who choose to use free software licenses : the adoption of an open source model by some editors for their software allows a value creation that could be greater than that generated through traditional proprietary models, but this advantage is offset by a dangerous uncertainty as to the value capture, could be recovered by competitors who have yet made no programming effort to and not having incurred costs. Subsequently, we presented the birth of free software as the result of changes in the computer industry that marked the early '70s, changes which caused the passage of free software from non commercial/public sphere to commercial/private sphere. In response, defenders of free software have invented an original system of "public licenses" to protect these software’s against any technical or legal interlocking of their use, their distribution and their modification. However, if these public licenses allow to promote a value creation, through the cooperation of a community of programmers and software distribution, the randomness of remuneration in the open source model has led software editors to seek and invent new "Business Models" more or less random, to better ensure their income.Based on knowledge accumulated on the open source model, we have subsequently explained the approach initiated by Marseille Innovation, in collaboration with Marseille-Provence Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) and Libertis, to structure a network of open source companies in the PACA area. This approach led to the launch of several projects of mutual interest, including one on the setting-up of a monitoring device to monitor open source software industry.The approach adopted to setting-up this monitoring device consists in a first step to establish a state of the art of different theoretical approaches and practices identified in the information and communication sciences’ literature. Then, a pragmatic approach of monitoring has been chosen. Organizational means, processual and technical have been studied to set up this monitoring device. Raising awareness actions to competitive intelligence were also conducted with members of the network and open source startups coached by Marseille Innovation, through which information needs are identified and information products are developed to enable members of open source network to effectively monitor their environment. Bibliometric studies are also made to meet the expectations of open source companies on how to create and capture value in the open source software model, about promising market segments, software licenses and business models that result
Farge, Odile. ""Rhétorique de la conception" : pour une prise de conscience des stratégies de l'outil de création : proposition d'une typologie de postures d'auteurs". Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080016.
Testo completoThe tools for digital creation, designed as they are to facilitate the publication of online texts or the creation of interactive animations, propose and sometimes impose ways of presenting contents. Are writers aware of the possible influence of these assumptions, patterns of practice and constraints? How much is the act of authoring conditioned by the tool used by the writer? What effect do such tools have on digital creation? In this thesis we will show that software tools are structured as « frameworks » aimed at the writer-designer and based on strategies that we have called « rhetoric for creative authoring ». Just as, in the act of authoring, the writer of a digital text anticipates the practices of the reader, the tool itself proposes a framework which amounts to a number of underlying or implicit givens which anticipate the practices of the author. We therefore need to look into the power relationship thus established and to ask ourselves whether certain elements of the software-tool framework are not strongly influencing the author in order to make him/her adhere to propositions which defend the interests or strategies of the software cultural industry. When starting from prefabricated elements does the creative act not call into question the very status of the author?
Farge, Odile. ""Rhétorique de la conception" : pour une prise de conscience des stratégies de l'outil de création : proposition d'une typologie de postures d'auteurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080016.
Testo completoThe tools for digital creation, designed as they are to facilitate the publication of online texts or the creation of interactive animations, propose and sometimes impose ways of presenting contents. Are writers aware of the possible influence of these assumptions, patterns of practice and constraints? How much is the act of authoring conditioned by the tool used by the writer? What effect do such tools have on digital creation? In this thesis we will show that software tools are structured as « frameworks » aimed at the writer-designer and based on strategies that we have called « rhetoric for creative authoring ». Just as, in the act of authoring, the writer of a digital text anticipates the practices of the reader, the tool itself proposes a framework which amounts to a number of underlying or implicit givens which anticipate the practices of the author. We therefore need to look into the power relationship thus established and to ask ourselves whether certain elements of the software-tool framework are not strongly influencing the author in order to make him/her adhere to propositions which defend the interests or strategies of the software cultural industry. When starting from prefabricated elements does the creative act not call into question the very status of the author?