Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Our best words"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Our best words"
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rief, linda. "Student Voices: We Are Doing Our Best, Sam, to Listen and Learn". Voices from the Middle 25, n. 1 (1 settembre 2017): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/vm201729289.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Linda Rief crafts this column, writing alongside her middle school students, to show the beauty and possibilities that lie within the words our students use to make sense of their world. In this issue, the Bowtie Boys (a group of 8th, 9th, and 10th graders) talk with Rief about advice they would give to teachers.
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Banzhaf, W. H. "Commentary: Actions Speak Louder than Words". Journal of Forestry 99, n. 5 (1 maggio 2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/99.5.1.
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Umarova, Saida. "USE OF OCCASIONAL WORDS AND OCCASIONAL PHRASES IN THE WORKS OF GAYBULLAHAS SALAM". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORD ART 3, n. 3 (30 marzo 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9297-2020-3-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article takes into a а соnsiderable proportion of G’aybulla as-Salom for linguistics and his desire about mature and best linguists in our country. Also a lot of defects in linguistc, motion of professor G’aybulla as-Salom about this. The most important problem is this process an appropriate and necessary in Uzbekistan
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Zhou, Xuanxuan, e Yan Hua. "Culture-loaded Words and Translation Equivalence". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1102.14.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Language and culture have very close relationship and can’t dispense with each other. In translation practice, we must fully consider the cultural differences, and completely understand the meaning of the culture-loaded words, try our best to convey the information as much as possible, and realize translation equivalence and cultural exchange.
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Vianney, Jjukira, Immaculate Nakitende, Henry Kalema, Sylivia Namuleme e John Kellett. "What words best capture the symptom of breathlessness in Uganda?" South Sudan Medical Journal 16, n. 1 (27 febbraio 2023): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v16i1.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Anecdotal experience suggests that Ugandan patients complain infrequently of breathlessness. The Luganda language, spoken in Uganda, does not have one word to express breathlessness but uses various phrases. Therefore, many of these patients may not be able to express what they feel when they are breathless by a single English word. Our aim was to determine the frequency and severity of the symptoms captured by a Luganda translation of the Dyspnea-12 (D12) questionnaire, a well validated measure of different dimensions of breathlessness.
Method: All alert non-pregnant adult patients fluent in Luganda who presented to the hospital’s combined outpatient and emergency department were asked to complete the D12 questionnaire.
Results: Out of 466 patients, 137 (29.4%) had at least one D12 symptom. Patients’ D12 responses expressed as a numerical severity score was only weakly associated with a respiratory rate >20 bpm. Two questions (“My breathing requires more work” and “My breathing is uncomfortable”) identified >90% of patients likely to be breathless.
Conclusion: For patients whose first language is Luganda a translation of the D12 questionnaire captures the symptom of dyspnoea.
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Syed Razi Muhammad. "Best Evidence Medical Education." JMMC 2, n. 1 (2 dicembre 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.62118/jmmc.v2i1.407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Best evidence Medical Practice (BEMP) has given much needed direction to medical practice in the last quarter of a century. I vividly remember that during my education in Dow Medical College in early 80s, and later during my practice in UK in mid 80s and part of mid 90s, we practiced what we saw or sometimes read. In other words, Medical practice was based on fixed opinions. From early 90s, it was obvious that most doctors, especially those working in teaching hospitals, were becoming more sensitive towards the need for evidence before accepting any change in their practice. This was made easy by publication of meta-analyses, review articles, editorials, guidelines and invited lectures on key issues in conferences and seminars. Today we see doctors and researchers seeking best available evidence in decision- making and problem solving. However, unfortunately I see little change in attitudes as far as medical education is concerned. We, as medical teachers still prefer to follow our believes and instincts, seriously follow the myth and stay away from following or even finding best evidence. Something we so eagerly do in our clinical practice and while conducting research. As Petersen has put it in the words of teachers of medicine "I know about medical education. I'm not going, to change."Why do these attitudes persist? What are the barriers to effective, evidence based medical education, and how may they be overcome1?When this problem is highlighted in informal meetings, various explanations are given. These include unlike clinical practice and research that teaching is an art and not a science and hence cannot be evidence driven". However there are research articles regularly published in journals of medical education and Meta analyses being conducted. Here I would like to give some examples od such research articles and meta analysis. I would like to particularly refer to a study conducted in Coventry hospital on final year medical students. It was found that those students who had interactive lectures performed significantly better in solving MCQs than those whose learning of the subject was through game playing2.
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Preston, Samuel H. "My Life in Words and Numbers". Annual Review of Sociology 46, n. 1 (30 luglio 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-110619-031647.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
George Orwell reportedly said that “Autobiography is only to be trusted when it reveals something disgraceful.” I've done my best to eliminate any disgraceful episodes from the following account, thereby compromising its trustworthiness. What's left is a record of someone lucky enough to ( a) find a career as a demographer that was ideally suited to his affinity for writing and math and ( b) find institutions and individuals who vigorously and uncompromisingly supported the search for a better understanding of our social world. I can only hope that I have been equally supportive of students, colleagues, and institutions whose pathways I have crossed.
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Mahdi, Muhammad. "The Best Rules for Knowing the Inferior Hadith". Islamic Sciences Journal 12, n. 4 (17 marzo 2023): 278–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.21.12.4.12.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The inferior hadiths about the Prophet, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him, are numerous and not known by every person other than the people of the hadith and its bearers. It is possible to know the inferior hadiths by laying down clear rules taken from what scholars have deduced through their knowledge of the words of our master, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him. The deliberate inferiority on our master, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is considered one of the greatest sins. Whoever narrates hadiths made out of negligence, this is a sinner because he is not certain of the hadith, rather he is a participant in the sin of the one who lied our master, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah prayers and peace be upon him.
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Kadriu, Arbana, Lejla Abazi e Hyrije Abazi. "Albanian Text Classification: Bag of Words Model and Word Analogies". Business Systems Research Journal 10, n. 1 (1 aprile 2019): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Text classification is a very important task in information retrieval. Its objective is to classify new text documents in a set of predefined classes, using different supervised algorithms. Objectives: We focus on the text classification for Albanian news articles using two approaches. Methods/Approach: In the first approach, the words in a collection are considered as independent components, allocating to each of them a conforming vector in the vector’s space. Here we utilized nine classifiers from the scikit-learn package, training the classifiers with part of news articles (80%) and testing the accuracy with the remaining part of these articles. In the second approach, the text classification treats words based on their semantic and syntactic word similarities, supposing a word is formed by n-grams of characters. In this case, we have used the fastText, a hierarchical classifier, that considers local word order, as well as sub-word information. We have measured the accuracy for each classifier separately. We have also analyzed the training and testing time. Results: Our results show that the bag of words model does better than fastText when testing the classification process for not a large dataset of text. FastText shows better performance when classifying multi-label text. Conclusions: News articles can serve to create a benchmark for testing classification algorithms of Albanian texts. The best results are achieved with a bag of words model, with an accuracy of 94%.
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Holtman, Jessica Nation. "Standing in the Way of Our Goals". Texas A&M Law Review 5, n. 3 (aprile 2018): 563–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v5.i3.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Currently in Texas, standing options for third-party nonparents seeking to file suits affecting the parent-child relationship (“SAPCRs”) are extremely limited. And, even though the standing options are codified, the evidence necessary to meet the threshold elements may be drastically different depending on the case’s location. These third parties, who have previously exercised parental responsibilities, must make showings to the court that most divorced parents could not make; and this is just for a chance to bring a claim in court. While this seems unfair, and Texas should absolutely resolve the split among its appellate courts, there is one extremely important part that has yet to be mentioned: the child. Standing determinations do not involve a best interest of the child inquiry; this must be changed. This Comment uses a San Antonio Court of Appeals case to highlight both the Texas appellate-court split and the lack of a best interest of the child consideration. Using the case’s facts, this Comment breaks down the general third-party standing option by venue to show just how different the requirements are depending on where in Texas the party resides. In most cases, the outcome spotlights that the child is the true victim of these standing limitations. Professor James Dwyer explains that relationships have a far greater impact on children than on adults. Courts should consider this when determining the best interest of the child. More importantly, the best interest of the child should be a primary consideration, not one that is considered after the plaintiff establishes standing. Allowing a third-party parent to file suit is highly likely to serve the child’s best interest. Once judges apply the best-interest standard at the appropriate stage, judges should then look through the child’s lens for making recommendations on the child’s behalf. Too few judges have said too few words about the lack of the best interest of the child consideration when issuing standing determinations. But with our nation’s evolving familial structure, the time has come to reconsider how courts determine who may bring suits affecting children.
Tesi sul tema "Our best words"
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Boardman, Leon. "The best or worst of all possible worlds". Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413276.
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Brennan, Karen A. (Karen Ann). "Best of both worlds : issues of structure and agency in computational creation, in and out of school". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. "February 2013."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-219).
We live in a computational culture - a culture in which we are surrounded by computational systems and interfaces, from social networks to banking infrastructure, to entertainment platforms, to transportation systems. This culture introduces new expectations and new opportunities for learning, creating new demands for what to learn and offering new possibilities for how to learn. In this dissertation, I adopt a predominantly qualitative approach to exploring learning in computational culture, studying how the Scratch programming environment and online community are employed to support learning both in and out of school. To this end, I conducted interviews with 30 kids working with Scratch at home and 30 teachers working with Scratch in K-12 classrooms to develop descriptions of computational creation in these two settings. Using a theoretical framework of agency and structure, I analyze how the at-home and school-classroom contexts enable - or constrain - young people's agency in computational creation. Despite common assumptions that at-home learning is necessarily low-structure/high-agency and that at-school learning is necessarily high-structure/low-agency, I argue that structure and agency need not be in opposition. Designers of learning environments should explore intermediate possibilities, finding ways to employ structure in the service of learner agency.
by Karen A. Brennan.
Ph.D.
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Newcomer, Jane E. (Jane Elisabeth). "Toward the Identification of a Body of Classic or Seminal Works in Adult Education: a Citation Analysis". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330844/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This bibliometric study examined 19,385 citations in the bibliographies, book reviews, and reading lists of 70 volumes of Adult Education Quarterly, Adult Education, Adult Education Bulletin, Adult Education Journal, and Journal of Adult Education, and 13 volumes of the Handbook of Adult Education in the United States to identify books published before 1960 which have been frequently cited before and
after 1960. Through citation analysis, an initial list of 434 titles was reduced to a core list of 64 books cited five times or more during the years between 1934 and 1988. For the purposes of this study, numbers of citations were taken to mean importance of works by indicating usefulness to subsequent authors. Of the 64 books, 55 had received at least one citation before 1960 and 57 had received at least one citation after 1960. While not all 64 of the core works constitute what might be called "classic works," it is suggested that classic works are likely to be found within the listed works.
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Williams, Duane A., Courtney D. Hall, N. Brown e N. Brown. "Reliability of the Mid-thigh Pull Using Bar Method or Pelvic Belt Method". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/568.
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Griffiths, Eve. "'The best of both worlds' or 'a compromise policy'? : co-location as a form of educational placement for pupils with special educational needs". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5232/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Co-location involves the physical placement of two schools onto one site. By some it is seen as a ‘compromise policy’ which prevents inclusion, whilst other authors argue that it offers ‘the best of both worlds’ in allowing pupils with special needs to access both mainstream and special school environments. The teacher-research presented here focused on the co-location of a special school with a mainstream secondary school. It used formal interviews and questionnaires to explore the attitudes of staff and parents towards the co-location and a ‘mosaic’ (Clark and Moss, 2001, p.1) of child-friendly methods to access the opinions of pupils from both schools. The research also included case studies of two co-located special schools which further explored the concept of co-location and considered the relationship of co-location to broader literature relating to the educational placement and inclusion of children with special needs. The research discovered that participants from the mainstream school were generally less concerned about the co-location than the special school participants. Participants from the special school were concerned about bullying, inequality and educational failure as a result of the co-location. Participants from all groups spoke with enthusiasm about the potential of the co-location to deconstruct prejudices and offer staff and pupils opportunities to learn together. The research concludes that co-located schools can be ‘autonomous’ and joined only by their physical placement on the same site, or that the schools can become ‘collaborative’ and work together to offer a unique inclusive learning environment.
Libri sul tema "Our best words"
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John, Campbell, a cura di. Selected works of our world's best poets. [Sacramento, Calif.]: World of Poetry Press, 1992.
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Hu, Linda. The Chinese-American method: Raising our children with the best of both worlds. [S.l.]: Trafford, 2013.
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Mitchell, Brian, 1933 Jul. 12-, Allan Laurence 1954- e Allan Laurence 1954-, a cura di. On the road again: The best years of our lives ; Cradle to the grave. Bridgend, Wales: Seren, 2000.
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Gration, Geoff. The best summer of our lives: A photographic history of the Derbyshire miners' holiday camp. Derby: Breedon Books Pub., 2000.
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Len, Wagg, a cura di. Chronicle of our time: [the best colour photographs of Nova Scotia from the Chronicle herald]. Halifax, NS: Nimbus Pub., 2005.
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Kānsadǣng Sinlapakam khō̜ng ʻĀčhān Khana Čhittrakam, Pratimākam, læ Phāpphim, Mahāwitthayālai Sinlapākō̜n (26th 2009 Mahāwitthayālai Sinlapākō̜n). Our best recent works & glass art project: 26th Art Exhibition by Members of the Faculty of Painting Sculpture and Graphic Arts, Silpakorn University. [Bangkok, Thailand]: Faculty of Painting Sculpture and Graphic Arts, Silpakorn University, 2009.
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Levingston, Harold. God's Inspiring Words: God's Best for Our Lives. Independently Published, 2021.
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God's Inspiring Words: God's Best for Our Lives. Independently Published, 2021.
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Our Best Friend Karma: Teaching Kids about the Power of Positive Words, Thoughts, and Actions. Vanderbark Press, 2022.
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O'Brien, Rose Eileen, O'Brien Francis Xavier Jr, Yuna Chan e Cecille Haggerty O'Brien. Our Humble Best: Cece's Story. O'Brien, Rose, 2023.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Our best words"
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Spinde, Timo, Felix Hamborg e Bela Gipp. "Media Bias in German News Articles: A Combined Approach". In ECML PKDD 2020 Workshops, 581–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65965-3_41.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSlanted news coverage, also called media bias, can heavily influence how news consumers interpret and react to the news. Models to identify and describe biases have been proposed across various scientific fields, focusing mostly on English media. In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing media bias in German media. We test different natural language processing techniques and combinations thereof. Specifically, we combine an IDF-based component, a specially created bias lexicon, and a linguistic lexicon. We also flexibly extend our lexica by the usage of word embeddings. We evaluate the system and methods in a survey (N = 46), comparing the bias words our system detected to human annotations. So far, the best component combination results in an F$$_{1}$$ 1 score of 0.31 of words that were identified as biased by our system and our study participants. The low performance shows that the analysis of media bias is still a difficult task, but using fewer resources, we achieved the same performance on the same task than recent research on English. We summarize the next steps in improving the resources and the overall results.
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Nundy, Samiran, Atul Kakar e Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "How to Improve the Language and Syntax in Medical Writing?" In How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?, 253–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAlthough India is the second-largest country in the world where the English language is spoken, we often use it incorrectly and tend to be verbose. When it comes to writing skills, we use convoluted phrases and complex words when simple ones would do. A medical paper does not need to be written in theatrical or Shakespearean English. We should express ourselves using short words and simple sentences which convey to a reader why we did the study, how we did it, what the results were and whether they are important, what is known about the subject and what your paper adds. Often, even if your article contains good science it may be rejected by Western journals because you did not state clearly what you wanted to convey. We need to improve not only our scientific endeavours but also our writing skills to be accepted for publication in the world’s best journals.
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Bennett, Peggy D. "Taking your best self to school". In Teaching with Vitality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673987.003.0070.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
So many expectations feel like they are consuming us. Lesson planning, committee work, test preparation, learning new material . . . and on and on. The stress caused by living in constant anxiety can interfere with sleep, mood, digestion, resilience, and, of course, good teaching Too easily and too frequently, we can find ourselves in perpetual fight- or- flight mode, readying ourselves for battle or to run and hide. When we consciously choose the intention to be our best, all sorts of interactions, big and small, shift our focus and recast our feelings. Manifesting our intent each morning can powerfully frame the way we want to behave, react, comment, and care. • Breathe in the attitude and behaviors you want to feel and portray. • Exhale the tension, doubt, and fear that subdue your joy. • Set a tone for relationships by warmly greeting those in school. • Show your concern by listening to those who are troubled. • Spread goodwill by words and deeds that support others. • Acknowledge and affirm if you cannot support. • Grasp every opportunity to be the best teacher you can be. The simple yet powerful attitudes and behaviors described here will not take away the hard, sometimes tedious work that is required of all educators. The challenges are givens. We know the work is difficult, and we do it anyway. Regaining the life in our teaching may require us to take baby steps as we experiment with what works for us. Our mental, physical, and social health is worth every step.
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Keats, Jonathon. "Singularity". In Virtual Words. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195398540.003.0033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the future humans will live forever. Bodies will be optional. Brains will be networked, and the whole universe will be sentient. All of this is an inevitable consequence of the singularity, the moment at which computers surpass human intelligence. And the singularity will inevitably occur by the year 2045. These are the predictions of Ray Kurzweil, one of the most successful and respected technologists alive, the father of speech- and optical-character-recognition software, fundamental advances in artificial intelligence that have tapped computers into the two primary modes of human communication: oral and written. Both breakthroughs, conduits of machine learning, were achieved by imbuing computers with basic pattern recognition, such that voices with different accents and alphabets in different typefaces could be deciphered. Key to our knowledge and understanding, pattern recognition is something that humans are very good at, and Ray Kurzweil is better than most people at recognizing patterns. Perceiving subtle connections between varied technologies, he has foreseen the victory of a computer over the world’s leading chess player as well as the proliferation of seminal technologies, including the world wide web. These are reasons that prominent figures from Bill Gates to Marvin Minsky take Kurzweil seriously. Kurzweil’s prediction of the singularity follows his pattern of pattern recognition, enlarged to the scale of all history. He claims that he first recognized it while plotting human advances from the wheel to the web, discovering a curve of technological advancement that was not linear but exponential. He dubbed this the Law of Accelerating Returns and hired a team of researchers to trace it back to the Big Bang. Then he began ploddingly to move forward in time, until he reached “a profound and disruptive transformation in human capability,” circa 2045. At that point, he writes in The Singularity Is Near, his best-selling 2005 book on the subject, “the entire universe will become saturated with our intelligence. This is the destiny of the universe.” Kurzweil was not the first to make this observation.
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Fishman, Jessica M. "Word versus Image". In Death Makes the News. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814770757.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During news coverage of various events, images are treasured as important and even necessary—so much so that journalists—those whose livelihoods depend on the weight of the word—treat pictures as superior to words when they claim with conviction that, when tragedy strikes, the pictures write it best. “A picture is worth a thousand words” is the cliché of choice when we champion pictures for achieving what words fail to accomplish. While we often embrace the influence of the image, there is a major exception. When the dead enter the frame, our opinion of the news image dynamically flip-flops, revealing a remarkable anti-picture prejudice where words are now vastly preferred.
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Bennett, Peggy D. "Be impeccable with your word". In Teaching with Vitality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673987.003.0099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“Faultless,” “flawless,” “unimpeachable,” “without harm”: these words define impeccability. Being impeccable with our words means that we are closely attentive to their meanings, their power, and their lasting effects. Are we vigilant about the words we use to instruct and converse? Are we careful to speak accurately and thoughtfully during meetings and informal encounters? In The Four Agreements, Ruiz describes our word as a force, “not just a sound or a written symbol”. Words are powerful because they reflect and communicate our thoughts. That is why we need to aspire to speak without harm: words show who we are. Like a sword with two edges, our words can build or destroy, sting or fawn. Are we aware of what our words are doing? Do we speak “without harm” to ourselves? Our inner self- talk is nearly constant. What we say to ourselves can be every bit as powerful as what we say to others. Sometimes exaggeration becomes a habit, but it is not necessarily a harmless one. Exaggeration rarely serves us well, and it can erode our believability. When we habitually speak in extremes or we inflate our experiences, we serve no one, including ourselves. It can be nearly impossible for someone to unhear what she heard. And once trust and credibility are pierced, it can be nearly impossible to regain them. School communities, with their many invested constituents, deserve careful, impeccable use of words. Consider the influence of the words in the contrasting pairs that follow. These “I” statements show the subtle differences in how we describe ourselves. If you say them aloud, notice the reaction of your body to the words. • “I am exhausted”; “I am fatigued.” • “I am scared”; “I am uneasy.” • “I am stupid”; “I am confused.” • “I am nervous”; “I am excited.” • “I am stressed”; “I feel the pressure.” • “She shouted at me”; “She raised her voice.” • “It was the worst day of my life”; “It wasn’t my best day.” Experiment. See what happens when your words are impeccable, accurate, and kind.
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Savage, Seddon R. "The Language of Pain and Addiction". In Pain and Chemical Dependency, 9–13. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195300550.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Language is a prism through which we understand—and communicate our understanding of—the world. Although it is currently common to depreciate the power of words by labeling thoughtful word selection as political correctness, the resonance of words in shaping perceptions at both cognitive and affective levels is clear. Care in the use of language is particularly important in communication related to issues about which there is pervasive misunderstanding, significant controversy, and in which rapid change is occurring. Understanding in such contexts is best served by language that is unambiguous, accurate, and free of emotional resonance or stigma.
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Keyes, Ralph. "You Too Can Coin a Word". In The Hidden History of Coined Words, 244–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190466763.003.0020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
What literate person hasn’t dreamed of creating a word that others adopt, thereby staking their claim to verbal posterity? This is far easier to dream about than do. Creating a neologism is hard. Getting others to adopt it is even harder. A gap in our vocabulary is the best precondition for a successful coinage. We need new words to help us discuss changing circumstances: technology, climate change, pandemics. Even when addressing verbal voids, neologisms must strike a chord, capture a widespread sensibility with a word or phrase, preferably one that’s vivid. Terseness helps, as does alliteration, and use of forceful letters such as b (bubble, bunk), k (ok, knockout), and z (sizzle, Zoom). Anyone who successfully creates new a word and gets it adopted can join Jefferson, Dickens, and Seuss in the annals of successful neology.
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Schrier, Karen. "How Do We Understand Ourselves and Our Emotions?" In We the Gamers, 99–116. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190926106.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chapter 7 describes how games may help people to understand themselves, their emotions, and their roles as citizens in society. How might games support the exploration of one’s own identities and others’ identities, as well as engage us in social and emotional learning? What are the best practices and strategies for supporting identity and emotional explorations using games? The chapter includes an overview of why identity and emotions matter in civics and ethics, and why games may support this. It also includes the limitations of using games to explore our identities and emotions, and how to minimize those limitations. Finally, it reviews strategies that teachers can take to use games to practice skills related to communication and connection. It opens with the example of the game Fortnite, and also shares three examples-in-action: Kind Words, What Remains of Edith Finch, and That Dragon, Cancer.
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Cross, Richard. "God: Perfection, Infinity, And Religious Language". In Duns Scotus, 31–45. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195125528.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract We customarily talk about God in terms derived from our talk about creatures. In this chapter, I discuss Scotus’s account of religious language. Scotus claims that some words, when applied to God and creatures, have exactly the same meaning or sense in both cases. Such a word is univocal when applied to God and creatures. The view that Scotus opposes holds that words applied to God and creatures have at best analogical senses. Scotus’s view has some quite striking consequences for his account of divine simplicity. But before I discuss these questions, I shall look briefly at the sorts of attributes that Scotus thinks God has.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Our best words"
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Yang, Xinghao, Weifeng Liu, Dacheng Tao e Wei Liu. "BESA: BERT-based Simulated Annealing for Adversarial Text Attacks". In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) models are known immensely brittle towards text adversarial examples. Recent attack algorithms usually adopt word-level substitution strategies following a pre-computed word replacement mechanism. However, their resultant adversarial examples are still imperfect in achieving grammar correctness and semantic similarities, which is largely because of their unsuitable candidate word selections and static optimization methods. In this research, we propose BESA, a BERT-based Simulated Annealing algorithm, to address these two problems. Firstly, we leverage the BERT Masked Language Model (MLM) to generate contextual-aware candidate words to produce fluent adversarial text and avoid grammar errors. Secondly, we employ Simulated Annealing (SA) to adaptively determine the word substitution order. The SA provides sufficient word replacement options via internal simulations, with an objective to obtain both a high attack success rate and a low word substitution rate. Besides, our algorithm is able to jump out of local optima with a controlled probability, making it closer to achieve the best possible attack (i.e., the global optima). Experiments on five popular datasets manifest the superiority of BESA compared with existing methods, including TextFooler, BAE, BERT-Attack, PWWS, and PSO.
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Medina-Ramírez, Miguel Ángel, Cayetano Guerra-Artal e Mario Hernández-Tejera. "Analysis of the Impact of Dataset Quality on Task-Oriented Dialogue Management". In 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.140420.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Task-oriented dialogue systems have become crucial for users to interact with machines and computers using natural language. One of its key components is the dialogue manager, which guides the conversation towards a good goal for the user by providing the best possible response. Previous works have proposed rule-based systems, reinforcement learning, and supervised learning as solutions for correct dialogue management; in other words, select the best response given input by the user. This work explores the impact of dataset quality on the performance of dialogue managers. We delve into potential errors in popular datasets, such as Multiwoz 2.1 and SGD. For our investigation, we developed a synthetic dialogue generator to regulate the type and magnitude of errors introduced. Our findings suggest that dataset inaccuracies, like mislabeling, might play a significant role in the challenges faced in dialogue management.
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Kunilovskaya, M., A. Kutuzov e A. Plum. "TAXONOMY ENRICHMENT FOR RUSSIAN: SYNSET CLASSIFICATION OUTPERFORMS LINEAR HYPONYM-HYPERNYM PROJECTIONS". In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-474-484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present the description of our system that was ranked third in the noun sub-track of the Taxonomy Enrichment for the Russian Language shared task offered by Dialogue Evaluation 2020. Our best-performing system appears against the backdrop of other methods and their combinations attempted, and its results argue in favour of Occam’s razor for this task. A simple supervised classifier was trained on static distributional embeddings of hyponym words as features and their numeric hypernym synset identifiers from the taxonomy as class labels. It outperformed more complicated approaches based on learning linear projections from hyponym embeddings to hypernym embeddings and returning synset identifiers for the nearest neighbours of the predicted vectors. Training specially tailored word embeddings for ruWordNet multi-word expressions proved to be one of the key factors for both approaches.
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Fei, Hao, Shengqiong Wu, Meishan Zhang, Yafeng Ren e Donghong Ji. "Conversational Semantic Role Labeling with Predicate-Oriented Latent Graph". In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Conversational semantic role labeling (CSRL) is a newly proposed task that uncovers the shallow semantic structures in a dialogue text. Unfortunately several important characteristics of the CSRL task have been overlooked by the existing works, such as the structural information integration, near-neighbor influence. In this work, we investigate the integration of a latent graph for CSRL. We propose to automatically induce a predicate-oriented latent graph (POLar) with a predicate-centered gaussian mechanism, by which the nearer and informative words to the predicate will be allocated with more attention. The POLar structure is then dynamically pruned and refined so as to best fit the task need. We additionally introduce an effective dialogue-level pre-trained language model, CoDiaBERT, for better supporting multiple utterance sentences and handling the speaker coreference issue in CSRL. Our system outperforms best-performing baselines on three benchmark CSRL datasets with big margins, especially achieving over 4% F1 score improvements on the cross-utterance argument detection. Further analyses are presented to better understand the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
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Viegas, Felipe, Leonardo Rocha e Marcos André Gonçalves. "On the Role of Semantic Word Clusters — CluWords — in Natural Language Processing (NLP) Tasks". In Concurso de Teses e Dissertações. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ctd.2024.2036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The ability to represent data in meaningful and tractable ways is crucial for Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. This Ph.D. dissertation focused on proposing, designing and evaluating a novel textual document representation that exploits the “best of two worlds”: efficient and effective frequentist information (TFIDF representations) with semantic information derived from word embedding representations. In more details, our proposal – called CluWords – groups syntactically and semantically related words into clusters and applies domain-specific and application-oriented filtering and weighting schemes over them to build powerful document representations especially tuned for the task in hand. We apply our novel Cluword concept to four NLP applications: topic modeling, hierarchical topic modeling, sentiment lexicon building and sentiment analysis. Some of the novel contributions of this dissertation include: (i) the introduction of a new data representation composed of three general steps (clustering, filtering, and weighting). These steps are specially designed to overcome task-specific challenges related to noise and lack of information; (ii) the design of CluWords’ components capable of improving the effectiveness of Topic Modeling, Hierarchical Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis applications; (iii) the proposal of two new topic quality metrics to assess the topical quality of the hierarchical structures. Our extensive experimentation demonstrates that CluWords produce the current state-of-the-art topic modeling and hierarchical topic modeling. For sentiment analysis, our experiments show that CluWords filtering and weighting can mitigate semantic noise, surpassing powerful Transformer architectures in the task. All code and datasets produced in this dissertation are available for replication. Our results were published in some of the most important conferences in journals of the field, as detailed in this document. Our work was supported by two Google Research Awards.
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Zhang, Shiyuan, Evan Gunnell, Marisabel Chang e Yu Sun. "An Intellectual Approach to Design Personal Study Plan via Machine Learning". In 6th International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering And Applications (CSEA 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101804.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As more students are required to have standardized test scores to enter higher education, developing vocabulary becomes essential for achieving ideal scores. Each individual has his or her own study style that maximizes the efficiency, and there are various approaches to memorize. However, it is difficult to find a specific learning method that fits the best to a person. This paper designs a tool to customize personal study plans based on clients’ different habits including difficulty distribution, difficulty order of learning words, and the types of vocabulary. We applied our application to educational software and conducted a quantitative evaluation of the approach via three types of machine learning models. By calculating cross-validation scores, we evaluated the accuracy of each model and discovered the best model that returns the most accurate predictions. The results reveal that linear regression has the highest cross validation score, and it can provide the most efficient personal study plans.
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Kaliský, Ján. "TEACHERS´ UNDERSTANDING OF CRITICAL THINKING DEFINITION". In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"Introduction. The need to develop critical thinking has been growing in the 21st century. It has become a key competence included in the school national programs also in Slovakia. The Slovak teachers’ critical thinking conceptualization is analyzed by qualitative study in this research as teachers are those ones responsible for its development in the educational system. Aim & Method: The study aim was to analyze the Slovak primary and high school teachers’ critical thinking conceptualization (N=99, 73% of females, Mage=44 years, SD 10.56) and to explore their critical thinking interpretations. Text content analysis is an important part of qualitative research. There are two basic methods – descriptive-interpretative and hermeneutic one, but the best solution is to combine them. The starting point was a basic file reconnaissance by qualitative content analysis to orient in a file, and then to start interpreting the file in the context of hermeneutic approach. The aim was to analyze data from Critical Thinking Questionnaire of our provenience on critical thinking conceptualization in 2020. Results & Discussion: The study results from the qualitative research analysis extracted 2374 words used to describe critical thinking understanding by the research participants. The qualitative frequency content analysis created data matrix decomposition. In the last phase, the synonymous and similar words clusters based on a word stem were formed to create critical thinking categories. The critical thinking “criteria dictionary” was based on frequency hierarchy. The results were compared with standardized critical thinking definitions. The results also proved 55% of respondents used wider or narrow critical thinking definition and 7% of them explained critical thinking completely incorrectly. The study was created as a part of newly established Slovak Philosophy for Children Center and of the KEGA 028UMB-4/2021 project."
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Feldman, D. G., T. R. Sadekova e K. V. Vorontsov. "COMBINING FACTS, SEMANTIC ROLES AND SENTIMENT LEXICON IN A GENERATIVE MODEL FOR OPINION MINING". In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-283-298.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Opinion mining is a popular task, that is applied, for example, to determine news polarisation and identify product review classes. Our task is unsupervised clusterization of opinionated texts, in particular news on political events. Many papers that tackle this issue use generative models based on lexical features. Our goal is to determine the entities defying an opinion amongst lexical, syntactic and semantic features as well as their compositions. More specifically, we test the hypothesis that an opinion is determined by the composition of the mentioned facts (SPO triples), the semantic roles of the words and the sentiment lexicon used in it. In this paper we formalise this task and prove that using a composition of the above features provides the best quality when clusterising opinionated texts. To test this hypothesis we have gathered and labelled two corpuses of news on political events and proposed a set of unsupervised algorithms for extracting the features.
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Endo, Ko, Masaki Aono, Eric Nichols e Kotaro Funakoshi. "An Attention-based Regression Model for Grounding Textual Phrases in Images". In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/558.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Grounding, or localizing, a textual phrase in an image is a challenging problem that is integral to visual language understanding. Previous approaches to this task typically make use of candidate region proposals, where end performance depends on that of the region proposal method and additional computational costs are incurred. In this paper, we treat grounding as a regression problem and propose a method to directly identify the region referred to by a textual phrase, eliminating the need for external candidate region prediction. Our approach uses deep neural networks to combine image and text representations and refines the target region with attention models over both image subregions and words in the textual phrase. Despite the challenging nature of this task and sparsity of available data, in evaluation on the ReferIt dataset, our proposed method achieves a new state-of-the-art in performance of 37.26% accuracy, surpassing the previously reported best by over 5 percentage points. We find that combining image and text attention models and an image attention area-sensitive loss function contribute to substantial improvements.
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Bonlarron, Alexandre, e Jean-Charles Régin. "Intertwining CP and NLP: The Generation of Unreasonably Constrained Sentences". In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/841.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Constrained text generation remains a challenging task, particularly when dealing with hard constraints. Traditional Natural Language Processing (NLP) approaches prioritize generating meaningful and coherent output. Also, the current state-of-the-art methods often lack the expressiveness and constraint satisfaction capabilities to handle such tasks effectively. This paper presents the Constraints First Framework to remedy this issue. This framework considers a constrained text generation problem as a discrete combinatorial optimization problem. It is solved by a constraint programming method that combines linguistic properties (e.g., n-grams or language level) with other more classical constraints (e.g., the number of characters, syllables, or words). Eventually, a curation phase allows for selecting the best-generated sentences according to perplexity using a large language model. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by tackling a new more tediously constrained text generation problem: the iconic RADNER sentences problem. This problem aims to generate sentences respecting a set of quite strict rules defined by their use in vision and clinical research. Thanks to our CP-based approach, many new strongly constrained sentences have been successfully generated in an automatic manner. This highlights the potential of our approach to handle unreasonably constrained text generation scenarios.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Our best words"
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Pavlyuk, Іhor. Культурно-інформаційний простір України в роки німецько-фашистської окупації: за матеріалами україномовної колаборантської преси. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11719.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of thіs artіcle іs to cover the cultural and іnformatіon space of the western Ukraіnіan lands durіng the Nazі occupatіon: accordіng to the Ukraіnіan-language collaboratіng press іn the context of exіstentіal projectіons on the modern war іn Ukraіne wіth Russіa’s occupatіon of some Ukraіnіan terrіtorіes. The methodologіcal basіs of our study іs the groupіng and іnductіve-deductіve analysіs of the then medіa (іncludіng the press) by place of publіcatіon and genre-thematіc focus (perіodіcals for women, chіldren’s magazіnes, busіness newspapers and magazіnes), the separatіon of іnformatіon-analytіcal neutral and the propaganda paradіgm wіth pro-Ukraіnіan and pro-German, antі-Bolshevіk socіo-polіtіcal vectors: dіstіnguіshіng between “Ukraіnіan-language” and “Ukraіnіan-language” journalіsm, whіch іn the mass medіa turn the press іnto a metatext whose modalіty can be useful and constructіve. (state-buіldіng) and negatіve (destructіve) patterns of functіonіng of the medіa іn the enemy-occupіed terrіtory, when іt іs necessary to fіght on several fronts at the same tіme. Among the research methods used іn the artіcle: comparatіve, phenomenologіcal, psychoanalytіc (probіng archetypes), hermeneutіc, deconstructіvіst, socіo-psychologіcal. The study showed and confіrmed that one of the best іllustratіons of German polіcy іn Ukraіne durіng World War ІІ was the attіtude of the occupіer to relіgіon, Ukraіnіan women, chіldren, and other occupіers, іncludіng the Bolshevіks, as reflected іn the eponymous Ukraіnіan magazіnes (“Ukraіnіan chіld”, “Farmer”, etc.) and, of course, іn theіr content and even formal desіgn, as stated іn the text of the artіcle The obtaіned results allowed us to formulate the followіng conclusіons. An analysіs of the Ukraіnіan-language (collaboratіng) press publіshed іn the western part of Ukraіne іn 1941-1944 convіncіngly proves that only an іndependent, sovereіgn state can claіm authentіcally, deeply іts own, іdentіcal mass medіa. And controlled, because the medіa fіnanced by the occupatіon authorіtіes, although publіshed іn Ukraіnіan, were Ukraіnіan-speakіng іn letter, but German-speakіng іn spіrіt, іe not Ukraіnіan-speakіng, although well-known Ukraіnіan artіsts took part іn the creatіon of these propagandіstіc sources of іnformatіon. sіgnіfіcant names and archetypes of Ukraіnіan culture were engaged at that tіme. Key words: collaboratіng press, propaganda, іdentіty, mass medіa, cultural and іnformatіon space.
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Shen, Dong, Zhuang Xiong, Yangyang Liu, Yan Leng, Houbo Deng, Song Wang, Xiangtong Meng e Tiejun Liu. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine combined with Sorafenib in the treatment of primary liver cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, settembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this systematic review is to compare Chinese herbal medicine combined with Sorafenib in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the primary liver cancer to better inform clinical practice. To this end, the proposed systematic review will address the following question: Which is the best choice to reduce Efficacy and safety in Patients with primary liver cancer, Chinese herbal medicine combined with Sorafenib or Sorafenib.this systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy and Sorafenib combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of PLC. Information sources: We will search the following databases from inception up to September 8, 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang. There will be no restrictions regarding publication date or language. We will apply a combination of medical keywords and words, including "Sorafenib", "Chinese herbal medicine" and "primary liver cancer". Additionally, we will manually search all reference lists from relevant systematic reviews to find other eligible studies.
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Hertel, Thomas, David Hummels, Maros Ivanic e Roman Keeney. How Confident Can We Be in CGE-Based Assessments of Free Trade Agreements? GTAP Working Paper, giugno 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) over the past decade, demand for quantitative analysis of their likely impacts has surged. The main quantitative tool for performing such analysis is Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling. Yet these models have been widely criticized for performing poorly (Kehoe, 2002) and having weak econometric foundations (McKitrick, 1998; Jorgenson, 1984). FTA results have been shown to be particularly sensitive to the trade elasticities, with small trade elasticities generating large terms of trade effects and relatively modest efficiency gains, whereas large trade elasticities lead to the opposite result. Critics are understandably wary of results being determined largely by the authors’ choice of trade elasticities. Where do these trade elasticities come from? CGE modelers typically draw these elasticities from econometric work that uses time series price variation to identify an elasticity of substitution between domestic goods and composite imports (Alaouze, 1977; Alaouze, et al., 1977; Stern et al., 1976; Gallaway, McDaniel and Rivera, 2003). This approach has three problems: the use of point estimates as “truth”, the magnitude of the point estimates, and estimating the relevant elasticity. First, modelers take point estimates drawn from the econometric literature, while ignoring the precision of these estimates. As we will make clear below, the confidence one has in various CGE conclusions depends critically on the size of the confidence interval around parameter estimates. Standard “robustness checks” such as systematically raising or lowering the substitution parameters does not properly address this problem because it ignores information about which parameters we know with some precision and which we do not. A second problem with most existing studies derives from the use of import price series to identify home vs. foreign substitution, for example, tends to systematically understate the true elasticity. This is because these estimates take price variation as exogenous when estimating the import demand functions, and ignore quality variation. When quality is high, import demand and prices will be jointly high. This biases estimated elasticities toward zero. A related point is that the fixed-weight import price series used by most authors are theoretically inappropriate for estimating the elasticities of interest. CGE modelers generally examine a nested utility structure, with domestic production substitution for a CES composite import bundle. The appropriate price series is then the corresponding CES price index among foreign varieties. Constructing such an index requires knowledge of the elasticity of substitution among foreign varieties (see below). By using a fixed-weight import price series, previous estimates place too much weight on high foreign prices, and too small a weight on low foreign prices. In other words, they overstate the degree of price variation that exists, relative to a CES price index. Reconciling small trade volume movements with large import price series movements requires a small elasticity of substitution. This problem, and that of unmeasured quality variation, helps explain why typical estimated elasticities are very small. The third problem with the existing literature is that estimates taken from other researchers’ studies typically employ different levels of aggregation, and exploit different sources of price variation, from what policy modelers have in mind. Employment of elasticities in experiments ill-matched to their original estimation can be problematic. For example, estimates may be calculated at a higher or lower level of aggregation than the level of analysis than the modeler wants to examine. Estimating substitutability across sources for paddy rice gives one a quite different answer than estimates that look at agriculture as a whole. When analyzing Free Trade Agreements, the principle policy experiment is a change in relative prices among foreign suppliers caused by lowering tariffs within the FTA. Understanding the substitution this will induce across those suppliers is critical to gauging the FTA’s real effects. Using home v. foreign elasticities rather than elasticities of substitution among imports supplied from different countries may be quite misleading. Moreover, these “sourcing” elasticities are critical for constructing composite import price series to appropriate estimate home v. foreign substitutability. In summary, the history of estimating the substitution elasticities governing trade flows in CGE models has been checkered at best. Clearly there is a need for improved econometric estimation of these trade elasticities that is well-integrated into the CGE modeling framework. This paper provides such estimation and integration, and has several significant merits. First, we choose our experiment carefully. Our CGE analysis focuses on the prospective Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) currently under negotiation. This is one of the most important FTAs currently “in play” in international negotiations. It also fits nicely with the source data used to estimate the trade elasticities, which is largely based on imports into North and South America. Our assessment is done in a perfectly competitive, comparative static setting in order to emphasize the role of the trade elasticities in determining the conventional gains/losses from such an FTA. This type of model is still widely used by government agencies for the evaluation of such agreements. Extensions to incorporate imperfect competition are straightforward, but involve the introduction of additional parameters (markups, extent of unexploited scale economies) as well as structural assumptions (entry/no-entry, nature of inter-firm rivalry) that introduce further uncertainty. Since our focus is on the effects of a PTA we estimate elasticities of substitution across multiple foreign supply sources. We do not use cross-exporter variation in prices or tariffs alone. Exporter price series exhibit a high degree of multicolinearity, and in any case, would be subject to unmeasured quality variation as described previously. Similarly, tariff variation by itself is typically unhelpful because by their very nature, Most Favored Nation (MFN) tariffs are non-discriminatory in nature, affecting all suppliers in the same way. Tariff preferences, where they exist, are often difficult to measure – sometimes being confounded by quantitative barriers, restrictive rules of origin, and other restrictions. Instead we employ a unique methodology and data set drawing on not only tariffs, but also bilateral transportation costs for goods traded internationally (Hummels, 1999). Transportation costs vary much more widely than do tariffs, allowing much more precise estimation of the trade elasticities that are central to CGE analysis of FTAs. We have highly disaggregated commodity trade flow data, and are therefore able to provide estimates that precisely match the commodity aggregation scheme employed in the subsequent CGE model. We follow the GTAP Version 5.0 aggregation scheme which includes 42 merchandise trade commodities covering food products, natural resources and manufactured goods. With the exception of two primary commodities that are not traded, we are able to estimate trade elasticities for all merchandise commodities that are significantly different form zero at the 95% confidence level. Rather than producing point estimates of the resulting welfare, export and employment effects, we report confidence intervals instead. These are based on repeated solution of the model, drawing from a distribution of trade elasticity estimates constructed based on the econometrically estimated standard errors. There is now a long history of CGE studies based on SSA: Systematic Sensitivity Analysis (Harrison and Vinod, 1992; Wigle, 1991; Pagon and Shannon, 1987) Ho
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Dabrowski, Anna, e Pru Mitchell. Professional learning modes. Literature review. Australian Council for Educational Research, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-695-6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This literature review summarises evidence from education research to describe and compare different modes of professional learning. It applies the findings to the question: ‘what works best, and for whom’ in terms of modes of professional learning for Australian teachers, with particular focus on early childhood teachers, casual relief teachers and teachers in rural and remote teaching contexts. A key professional learning challenge common to these teachers is isolation – which can be physical, pedagogical, technological and/or social isolation. The review sought to identify research on modes of professional learning and in particular any studies that compared different modes of professional learning. The reviewers were interested in evidence pointing to the circumstances in which a particular mode of professional learning might have the most impact on teaching practice or school culture, as well as whether particular modes, or combination of modes, had greater impact for specific cohorts of teachers.
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Cavatorta, Elisa, e Orazio Attanasio. Innovations in measurement and the evaluation of human behaviour. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
If policymakers or researchers aim to improve an intervention, scale it up, or assess why it works and for whom, then focussing solely on direct outcomes is not enough. There are several ways in which evaluations can go beyond traditional outcome measurement and explore the underlying drivers of impact and the behaviours of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. - Measurement goes hand in hand with developing a theory of change, and the two work best when they evolve jointly: new (and better) measurements could allow the consideration of more flexible and realistic theories, while theory informs the construction and design of new measures. - Linking measurement to human behaviour and decision-making processes offers useful angles for identifying the underlying drivers of an intervention’s impacts. - Measurement innovation and improvements—including the construction of new measures—are an important endeavour requiring cross-disciplinary input. This endeavour should be promoted.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Karam, Sofia, Morteza Nagahi, Vidanelage Dayarathna, Junfeng Ma, Raed Jaradat e Michael Hamilton. Integrating systems thinking skills with multi-criteria decision-making technology to recruit employee candidates. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The emergence of modern complex systems is often exacerbated by a proliferation of information and complication of technologies. Because current complex systems challenges can limit an organization's ability to efficiently handle socio-technical systems, it is essential to provide methods and techniques that count on individuals' systems skills. When selecting future employees, companies must constantly refresh their recruitment methods in order to find capable candidates with the required level of systemic skills who are better fit for their organization's requirements and objectives. The purpose of this study is to use systems thinking skills as a supplemental selection tool when recruiting prospective employees. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research that studied the use of systems thinking skills for recruiting purposes. The proposed framework offers an established tool to HRM professionals for assessing and screening of prospective employees of an organization based on their level of systems thinking skills while controlling uncertainties of complex decision-making environment with the fuzzy linguistic approach. This framework works as an expert system to find the most appropriate candidate for the organization to enhance the human capital for the organization.
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(Archived), Irina Ward, e Farah Abu Saleh. PR-473-144506-R01 State of the Art Alternatives to Steel Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dicembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011459.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This report is a literature review of several non-metallic material systems often used as alter-natives to steel pipelines. The pipeline systems reviewed are high density polyethylene (HDPE), fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP), flexible composite and thermoplastic liners. This report is not intended to be a detailed guide or design manual on the use of the referenced materials for pipeline applications, rather an overall evaluation on the current state of these systems. Significant industry literature and documentation already exists on the design, manufacturing, installation, and operation of these pipelines. This information currently resides in pipe manufacturer's manuals and various industry standards and guides published by organizations such as ASTM International (ASTM), American Petroleum Institute (API) American Water Works Association (AWWA), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In Canada, the oil and gas industry pipeline code, CSA Z662-2015 (Canadian Standards Association, 2015). Users should frequently consult the manufacturers of the pipe products in use or under consideration for use for clarification and suggestions regarding the best practices, considerations and applications of the materials in question. In addition, pipeline operators should be aware of the applicable regulatory requirements in the jurisdictions they are operating within.
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Tacsir, Ezequiel. Innovation in Services: The Hard Case for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006897.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent research conducted by the IDB shows that innovation positively affects productivity growth in the Latin American and Caribbean region, although the evidence comes almost exclusively from the manufacturing sector. The dearth of evidence regarding innovation in services is related, at least in part, to uncertainty with respect to how innovation in services actually works, how it can best be measured and whether or not old measurement tools (biased toward manufacturing and R&D) are really applicable to innovation in service sector environments. This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics at play in the service sector in the region and the relationship between productivity and innovation in services (as well as specific sub-sectors of services) represents a policy making opportunity that, if ignored, could contribute to prolonged productivity lags in the region, while, if well designed and implemented, could have large economic payoffs. This paper was presented at the Fifth Americas Competiveness Forum for the Inter-American Development Bank and Compete Caribbean Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, October 5-7, 2011.
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Macura, Biljana, Nella Canales, Inès Bakhtaoui, Richard Taylor, Elvine Kwamboka, Rocio Diaz-Chavez, Fedra Vanhuyse et al. Effectiveness of climate change adaptation interventions in sub-Saharan Africa and the impact of funding modalities: a mixed methods systematic review protocol. Stockholm Environment Institute, ottobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
International climate finance plays a key role in enabling the implementation of adaptation measures. However, while there is a common metric for gauging the effectiveness of finance for mitigation – greenhouse gas emission reduction per unit of funding – no corresponding metric exists for adaptation. Instead, assessments of what works best in adaptation finance focus either on procedural aspects of funding modalities, such as equity in the allocation of funding, or on the extent to which specific adaptation activities produce the desired results. This mixed methods systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of adaptation finance and bridge the gap between those two approaches. It involves a transparent and comprehensive synthesis of the academic and grey literature on how different characteristics of adaptation projects in sub-Saharan Africa – and finance for those projects – affect adaptation outcomes, particularly in terms of risk and vulnerability to climate change impacts. Finalised adaptation projects funded by a set of the multilateral climate funds and two bilateral donors (United Kingdom and Sweden) are the focus of this review. The findings can help inform the future design and implementation of adaptation activities as well as funding decisions.