Articoli di riviste: "Ostracoda, Fossil Geographical distribution"

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Hong, Yuanyuan, Moriaki Yasuhara, Hokuto Iwatani e Briony Mamo. "Baseline for ostracod-based northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific shallow-marine paleoenvironmental reconstructions: ecological modeling of species distributions". Biogeosciences 16, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2019): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-585-2019.

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Abstract. Fossil ostracods have been widely used for Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstructions, especially in marginal marine environments (e.g., for water depth, temperature, salinity, oxygen levels, pollution). But our knowledge of indicator species autoecology, the base of paleoenvironmental reconstructions, remains limited and commonly lacks robust statistical support and comprehensive comparison with environmental data. We analyzed marginal marine ostracod taxa at 52 sites in Hong Kong for which comprehensive environmental data are available. We applied linear regression models to reveal relationships between species distribution and environmental factors for 18 common taxa (mainly species, a few genera) in our Hong Kong dataset and identified indicator species of environmental parameters. For example, Sinocytheridea impressa, a widely distributed euryhaline species throughout the East and South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific, indicates eutrophication and bottom-water hypoxia. Neomonoceratina delicata, a widely known species from nearshore and estuarine environments in the East and South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific, indicates heavy metal pollution and increased turbidity. The 18 taxa used for this study are widely distributed geographically and divided into the following groups: widespread (throughout the northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific regions), temperate (South China Sea to Russia (Sea of Japan coast) and Japan), subtropical (Indo-Pacific to the East China Sea), tropical (Indo-Pacific and South China Sea), and globally distributed. With statistical support from ecological modeling and comprehensive environmental data, these results provide a robust baseline for ostracod-based Quaternary–Anthropocene paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the tropical–extratropical northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific. Highlights. We provide a robust baseline for ostracod-based (microscopic Arthropods) paleoenvironmental reconstructions from Quaternary and Anthropocene marginal marine sediments. The studied species have wide distributions over the tropics and extratropics of the northwestern Pacific and Indo-Pacific. Ecological modeling has established ostracod species as reliable indicators for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.

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Cohuo, Sergio, Laura Macario-González, Sebastian Wagner, Katrin Naumann, Paula Echeverría-Galindo, Liseth Pérez, Jason Curtis, Mark Brenner e Antje Schwalb. "Influence of late Quaternary climate on the biogeography of Neotropical aquatic species as reflected by non-marine ostracodes". Biogeosciences 17, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2020): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-145-2020.

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Abstract. We evaluated how ranges of four endemic and non-endemic aquatic ostracode species changed in response to long-term (glacial–interglacial cycles) and abrupt climate fluctuations during the last 155 kyr in the northern Neotropical region. We employed two complementary approaches, fossil records and species distribution models (SDMs). Fossil assemblages were obtained from sediment cores PI-1, PI-2, PI-6 and Petén-Itzá 22-VIII-99 from the Petén Itzá Scientific Drilling Project, Lake Petén Itzá, Guatemala. To obtain a spatially resolved pattern of (past) species distribution, a downscaling cascade is employed. SDMs were reconstructed for the last interglacial (∼120 ka), the last glacial maximum (∼22 ka) and the middle Holocene (∼6 ka). During glacial and interglacial cycles and marine isotope stages (MISs), modelled paleo-distributions and paleo-records show the nearly continuous presence of endemic and non-endemic species in the region, suggesting negligible effects of long-term climate variations on aquatic niche stability. During periods of abrupt ecological disruption such as Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), endemic species were resilient, remaining within their current areas of distribution. Non-endemic species, however, proved to be more sensitive. Modelled paleo-distributions suggest that the geographic range of non-endemic species changed, moving southward into Central America. Due to the uncertainties involved in the downscaling from the global numerical to the highly resolved regional geospatial statistical modelling, results can be seen as a benchmark for future studies using similar approaches. Given relatively moderate temperature decreases in Lake Petén Itzá waters (∼5 ∘C) and the persistence of some aquatic ecosystems even during periods of severe drying in HS1, our data suggest (1) the existence of micro-refugia and/or (2) continuous interaction between central metapopulations and surrounding populations, enabling aquatic taxa to survive climate fluctuations in the northern Neotropical region.

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PINTO, IRAJÁ DAMIANI. "The Fossil Blattoid Genus Amozonina. Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution". Pesquisas em Geociências 18, n. 1 (30 giugno 1991): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.21370.

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É descrito um novo blatóide fóssil (Insecta) Amazonina purperae Pinto, sp. nov., do Estado de Minas Gerais, encontrado em argilito arrocheado associado a uma tafoflora atribuída ao Pleistoceno. O material é proveniente do km 30,25 da Rodovia BR-262, Belo Horizonte – Uberaba. A amostra contém um único élitro. Trata-se do primeiro blatídeo fóssil de Amazonina, Hebard, 1929, gênero de ampla distribuição na América do Sul e América Central. O élitro apresenta extraordinária semelhança com os élitros de Amazonina rehni Albuquerque, 1964, dos quais se diferencia pelo número de ramos e pela bifurcação mais proximal do ramo posterior de R. Outrossim, A. rehni apresenta uma bifurcação distal de M que não existe na nova espécie.

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SATO, TOMOMI, e TAKAHIRO KAMIYA. "Taxonomy and geographical distribution of recent Xestoleberis species (Cytheroidea, Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Japan". Paleontological Research 11, n. 2 (giugno 2007): 183–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2517/1342-8144(2007)11[183:tagdor]2.0.co;2.

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Pan, Y. R., e N. G. Jablonski. "The age and geographical distribution of fossil cercopithecids in China". Human Evolution 2, n. 1 (febbraio 1987): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02436531.

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Antonietto, Lucas S., Lisa E. Park Boush, Celina A. Suarez, Andrew R. C. Milner e James I. Kirkland. "The ‘Last Hurrah of the Reigning Darwinulocopines’? Ostracoda (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, Arizona and Utah, USA". Journal of Paleontology 92, n. 4 (26 aprile 2018): 648–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.150.

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AbstractAn ostracode fauna is described from lacustrine sediments of the Hettangian, Lower Jurassic, Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation. The Moenave is well known for its rich, Late Triassic?–Early Jurassic fossil record, which includes fossil fishes, stromatolites, ostracodes, spinicaudatans, and a diverse ichnofauna of invertebrates and vertebrates. Four ostracode species, all belonging to the suborder Darwinulocopina, were recovered from these sediments:Suchonellina globosa,S. stricta,Whipplella? sp. 1, andW.? sp. 2. The diversity and composition of the Whitmore Point Member ostracode fauna agree with previous interpretations about Lake Dixie and nearby paleoenvironments as shallow lakes inhabited by darwinulocopine species that survived the effects of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the subsequent end-Triassic extinction and quickly recolonized these areas, thanks to asexual reproduction by parthenogenesis. The Lake Dixie region, in its geographical isolation, could represent the last episode of darwinulocopine dominance in nonmarine environments before the Late Jurassic diversification of the cypridocopine/cytherocopine modern ostracodes.

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Wani, Ryoji. "Geological duration of ammonoids controlled their geographical range of fossil distribution". PeerJ 5 (28 novembre 2017): e4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4108.

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The latitudinal distributions in Devonian–Cretaceous ammonoids were analyzed at the genus level, and were compared with the hatchling sizes (i.e., ammonitella diameters) and the geological durations. The results show that (1) length of temporal ranges of ammonoids effected broader ranges of fossil distribution and paleobiogeography of ammonoids, and (2) the hatchling size was not related to the geographical range of fossil distribution of ammonoids. Reducing the influence of geological duration in this analysis implies that hatchling size was one of the controlling factors that determined the distribution of ammonoid habitats at any given period in time: ammonoids with smaller hatchling sizes tended to have broader ammonoid habitat ranges. These relationships were somewhat blurred in the Devonian, Carboniferous, Triassic, and Jurassic, which is possibly due to (1) the course of development of a reproductive strategy with smaller hatchling sizes in the Devonian and (2) the high origination rates after the mass extinction events.

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Hayashi, Ryota. "A checklist of turtle and whale barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Coronuloidea)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, n. 1 (10 agosto 2012): 143–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000847.

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A checklist of published records of coronuloid barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Coronuloidea) attached to marine vertebrates is presented, with 44 species (including 15 fossil species) belonging to 14 genera (including 3 fossil genera) and 3 families recorded. Also included is information on their geographical distribution and the hosts with which they occur.

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TAN, JING J., DONG REN e CHUNG K. SHIH. "First record of fossil Priacma (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Cupedidae) from the Jehol Biota of western Liaoning, China". Zootaxa 1326, n. 1 (2 ottobre 2006): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1326.1.6.

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Four new fossil species of the genus Priacma, P. latidentata sp. nov., P. tuberculosa sp. nov., P. clavata sp. nov. and P. renaria sp. nov., are described from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China. This finding documents the first record of fossil Priacma in China and extends the geographical distribution of this genus.

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Dykan, N. І. "Stratigraphy of the Pliocene deposits of the Black Sea (Ukraine) according to evidence from ostracods (Arthropoda, Crustacea)". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, n. 2 (3 luglio 2019): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111926.

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This article presents a detailed analysis of the taxonomic composition of the Pliocene (Kimmerian, Kujalnikian) and Eopleistocene (Gurian) ostracods in the northern part of the Black Sea. It presents the patterns of the stratigraphic position of the fossil ostracods in the Miocene - Quaternary and their geographic distribution in Western and Eastern Europe (the Pannonian Basin, the Dacian Basin, the Euxinian basin of the Paratethys) and the Mediterranean region.Wedetermined the characteristic species for the Kimmerian, Kujalnikian and Gurian in the northern part of the Black Sea. We established a change in the taxonomic composition of ostracods at the Pliocene (Kujalnikian)/Eopleistocene (Gurian) boundary, namely the disappearance of a large number of Pliocene species and the appearance of new species. Ten species disappeared in the Kujalnikian Cyprideis pontica, Euxinocythere (M.) crebra, Amnicythere mironovi, Camptocypria lobata, Loxoconcha subcrassula, Loxoconcha verticalitercostata, Xestoleberis (X.) cellulocus, Xestoleberis (P.) communis, Candona (C.) expressa, Ilyocypris caspiensis; one species Amnicythere postbissinuata appeared in the Gurian. The brackish water species Cyprideis pontica is the Kujalnikian index species. The stratigraphic position of Cyprideis pontica in the Mediterranean Basin, Pannonian Basin, Dacian Basin, Euxinian Basin (Black Sea) in the Miocene-Quaternary is analyzed. The time of the disappearance of Cyprideis pontica in the Mediterranean, Pannonian and Dacian basins (Messinian, Pontian/Zanclean, Dacian, Kimmerian boundary) and in the Black Sea (Kujalnikian/Gurian boundary) is established. The diagnostic morphological features of the shell Cyprideis pontica (morphology of the surface pore canals) are established and described, which allows us to place this species in the Neogene deposits. Surface pore canals are different shape, sievetyped, deepened in relation to the surface of the valve. Sieve-shaped lamella contains 110-270 internal pores. The internal pores have a staggered shape, the diameter of the osculum of the internal pore is 302-994 nm; diameter of the central pore is 977 nm-1.8 μm). The evolution of Cyprideis pontica, which was separated from the parent species Cyprideis torosa in the Late Miocene, was reconstructed. In the occupation of a new ecological niche with a reduced oxygen content in deeper water biotopes, in the process of adapting to the conditions of hypoxia and necessity of increasing the volume of water filtration, there was a restructuring of the morphology of the surface pore canals of the shell Cyprideis torosa. This involved an increase in the size of the sieve-shaped lamella, the number of internal pores in the sieve-shaped lamella and the size of the osculum of the inner pore. A new morphotype Cyprideis pontica was thus formed within the existing Parathetys-Mediterranean basins. It had a mosaic, ecologically isolated range that coincided geographically or overlapped with the range of the species Cyprideis torosa (sympatric evolutionary speciation). The range of Cyprideis pontica and the dynamics of its populations in the Euxinian Basin during the Sarmatian-Kujalnikian have been reconstructed.

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Barbieri, Giulia, e Stefano Claudio Vaiani. "Benthic foraminifera or Ostracoda? Comparing the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental indicators from a Pleistocene lagoon of the Romagna coastal plain (Italy)". Journal of Micropalaeontology 37, n. 1 (29 gennaio 2018): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jm-37-203-2018.

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Abstract. Integrated analyses of multiple groups of microfossils are frequently performed to unravel the palaeoenvironmental evolution of subsurface coastal successions, where the complex interaction among several palaeoecological factors can be detected with benthic assemblages. This work investigates the palaeoenvironmental resolution potential provided by benthic foraminifera and ostracoda within a Pleistocene lagoonal succession of the Romagna coastal plain (northern Italy). Quantitative approaches and statistical techniques have been applied to both groups in order to understand the main factors that controlled the composition of assemblages and compare the palaeoecological record provided by single fossil groups. The two faunal groups are characterized by the high dominance of opportunistic species (Ammonia tepida–Ammonia parkinsoniana and Cyprideis torosa); however, detailed palaeoecological information is inferred from less common taxa. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are mainly determined by the frequencies of abnormal individuals and species related to high concentrations of organic matter, showing two assemblages: a stressed assemblage, consistent with a brackish-water environment subject to salinity and oxygen fluctuations, and an unstressed assemblage, which indicates more stable conditions. Despite the lower number of species, ostracoda show more significant differences in terms of species composition and ecological structure between their three assemblages, formed in response to a salinity gradient and indicative of inner, central, and outer lagoon conditions. The stratigraphic distribution of ostracod assemblages shows a general transgressive–regressive trend with minor fluctuations, whereas benthic foraminifera highlight the presence of a significant palaeoenvironmental stress. In this case, the higher abundance along the stratigraphic succession, the higher differentiation of the assemblages, and the well-defined relationship between taxa and ecological parameters determine Ostracoda as the most reliable fossil group for precise palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Nevertheless, benthic foraminifera indicate palaeoenvironmental stress and can be used to refine the environmental interpretation in the presence of monospecific ostracod assemblages.

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Cronin, Thomas M. "Champlain Sea Foraminifera and Ostracoda: a systematic and paleoecological synthesis". Les mers post-glaciaires : paléogéographie, paléoécologie et chronologie 31, n. 1-2 (9 dicembre 2010): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000057ar.

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Champlain Sea deposits from Québec, Ontario and the United States yielded over 40 ostracode and 60 benthonic foraminiferal species. Geographical trends in foraminiferal species diversity as measured by the Shannon-Wiener Information Function, H(S), show highest diversities (H(S) = 1.6-1.7) in the western Champlain Sea of Ontario, southern Québec and near Québec City, while a significantly less diverse fauna (H(S) = 1.0) inhabited the Champlain Valley. Three environmentally distinct phases of the sea based on ostracode species distribution were recognized in the Champlain Valley and southern Québec An early period, characterized by fresh water and euryhaline marine species, represents a lacustrine-marine transition. Subsequently, frigid to subfrigid, polyhaline to euhaline conditions prevailed. Finally, some time between 11,000 and 10,600 yr BP a salinity decrease and a water temperature increase is inferred from the dominance of mesohaline, cold temperate ostracode species. Additional evidence for temporal salinity variation are mean foraminiferal species diversity values which are 1.0, 1.5 and 1.2 respectively for the three phases.

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McGlade, Christophe, e Paul Ekins. "The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 °C". Nature 517, n. 7533 (gennaio 2015): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14016.

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Brizuela, Santiago, e Adriana María Albino. "Tupinambine teiids from the middle Miocene of north-western Patagonia (Argentina)". Amphibia-Reptilia 29, n. 3 (2008): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808785112110.

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Abstract Remains of teiids assignable to the Tupinambinae (Tupinambis sp. or Crocodilurus sp.) are here described from the middle Miocene Collón Curá Formation at Cañadón del Tordillo, in Neuquén province, Argentina. No tupinambine species presently inhabits the region of the fossil locality. The fossils represent the westernmost distribution of fossil tupinambine teiids in Patagonia, enlarging the known geographical distribution of the teiids through the Miocene in a longitudinal range. Also, they constitute the first record of lizards from the Colloncuran SALMA, partially filling the record of tupinambine teiids for the South American Miocene.

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Terrill, David F., Charles M. Henderson e Jason S. Anderson. "New application of strontium isotopes reveals evidence of limited migratory behaviour in Late Cretaceous hadrosaurs". Biology Letters 16, n. 3 (marzo 2020): 20190930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0930.

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Dinosaur migration patterns are very difficult to determine, often relying solely on the geographical distribution of fossils. Unfortunately, it is generally not possible to determine if a fossil taxon's geographical distribution is the result of migration or simply a wide distribution. Whereas some attempts have been made to use isotopic systems to determine migratory patterns in dinosaurs, these methods have yet to achieve wider usage in the study of dinosaur ecology. Here, we have used strontium isotope ratios from fossil enamel to reconstruct the movements of an individual hadrosaur from Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada. Results from this study are consistent with a range or migratory pattern between Dinosaur Provincial Park and a contemporaneous locality in the South Saskatchewan River area, Alberta, Canada. This represents a minimum distance of approximately 80 km, which is consistent with migrations seen in modern elephants. These results suggest the continent-wide distribution of some hadrosaur species in the Late Cretaceous of North America is not the result of extremely long-range migratory behaviours.

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Fatela, Francisco, João Moreno e M. Cristina Cabral. "Salinity and water temperature assessment of the tidal marshes from the W Portuguese coast, as an ecological tool to palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on Foraminifera and Ostracoda assemblages". Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, n. 14 (22 giugno 2016): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i14.124.

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A seasonal study of temperature and salinity of estuarine and sediment interstitial water of tidal marshes was undertaken along three estuaries of W Portuguese coast (Minho, Tejo and Mira).The climatic N-S transition from wet Atlantic to Mediterranean features appear clearly imprinted in the distribution of tidal marsh assemblages, like foraminifera and ostracoda, mainly reflecting the water salinity gradient control.The Minho low estuary tidal marsh tends to be flooded by estuarine water ranging from 0.5‰ to 32‰ in each tide cycle, even during dry seasons. However, the marsh hydrological balance sustains a more stable environment where the salinity of interstitial water measurements yielded 8‰ to 16‰. In contrast the Tejo and Mira salt marsh flooding waters record a narrow range between 33‰ and 36‰, in spring, and between 29‰ and 36‰ in autumn. The climatic control of evaporation/ precipitation balance produces an enhanced salinity of marsh interstitial water, that can reach hypersaline conditions, with maximum records of 53‰ in Tejo and 48‰ in Mira lower estuaries.These environmental differences along the W Portuguese coast are recorded by the tidal marsh assemblages, namely foraminifera and ostracoda. In the low salinity Caminha salt marsh, living foraminifera are essentially composed by the agglutinated species Haplophragmoides manilaensis, Miliammina fusca, Pseudothurammina limnetis Psammosphaera sp. and Trochamminita salsa. The modern ostracoda assemblage includes Leptochytere baltica, Leptochytere psammophila, Leptocythere sp. A and Tuberoloxoconcha sp.1. In the Tejo and Mira salt marsh Ammonia beccarii, Ammonia tepida, Haynesina germanica, Jadammina macrescens, Trochammina inflata, are the dominant foraminifera and Loxoconcha malcomsoni, Terrestricythere cf. elisabethae, Tuberoloxoconcha cf. atlantica and Xestoleberis labiata prevail as well as many other more marine ostracoda species, such as Basslerites teres and Leptocythere fabaeformis.This study highlights that the knowledge of driven ecological parameters of modern assemblages (usually preserved in fossil record), is fundamental to support reliable paleoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.

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Chény, Cédric, Elvis Guillam, André Nel e Vincent Perrichot. "A new species of Ampulicomorpha Ashmead from Eocene French amber, with a list of fossil and extant Embolemidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of the world". BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020020.

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Embolemidae is a cosmopolitan but species-poor group of chrysidoid wasps with a scarce fossil record, despite a long evolutionary history since at least the Early Cretaceous. Here, the new species, Ampulicomorpha quesnoyensis sp. nov., is illustrated and described based on a single female found in Early Eocene amber of Oise (France). The new species is compared with the three other known fossil species of the genus, and a key to all fossil species of Ampulicomorpha is provided. This is the third European fossil species of Ampulicomorpha, which suggests that the genus was once well established in Western Europe while it is more widely distributed in the Eastern Palaearctic region today. A list of all fossil and extant Embolemidae of the world, as well as a map of their geographical distribution map, are provided.

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Mischke, Steffen. "The sub-Recent Bradleytriebella lineata (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in Israel". Journal of Micropalaeontology 34, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2014-001.

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Abstract. Sub-Recent ostracod valves of Bradleytriebella lineata (Victor & Fernando, 1981) were recorded in Nahal Bokek only in 2008 but not during subsequent surveys in 2010 and 2013. Nahal Bokek, a stream entering the Dead Sea from its western escarpment, represents the species’ single record in Israel, far away from its main Afrotropical and South to East Asia distribution. The temporary colonization of Nahal Bokek by B. lineata probably resulted from the suitability of the thermal stream waters for occupation and the subsequent termination of the population only six days after the collection of the sub-Recent valves during a flood on 24 October 2008. The preceding flood on 30 February 2008 restricts the period of possible stream inhabitation by B. lineata to a duration of eight months. Thus, the record of sub-Recent valves of B. lineata in Nahal Bokek represents an exceptional example of short-term occupation of a hydrologically dynamic flood-controlled water body by a species far away from its main geographical distribution. The recognition of Nahal Bokek as a stream fed mainly by thermal waters shows that the documentation of the abiotic habitat characteristics is a prerequisite for the understanding of the occurrence of a species outside its proper range of distribution.

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Tunoğlu, Cemal, Berk Besbelli e İbrahim Ertekin. "Ostracoda (Crustacea) association and a new species (Dolerocypris anatolia nov. sp.) from the Pliocene-Pleistocene Afşin-Elbistan (Kahraman Maraş) Coal Basin of Turkey". Geologica Carpathica 63, n. 2 (1 aprile 2012): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-012-0013-7.

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Ostracoda (Crustacea) association and a new species (Dolerocypris anatolianov. sp.) from the Pliocene-Pleistocene Afşin-Elbistan (Kahraman Maraş) Coal Basin of TurkeyThe Afşin-Elbistan Coal Basin, which is one of the largest and most important Pliocene-Pleistocene lignite basins of Turkey, is located in Eastern Anatolia. The basin was formed between two normal faults having NE-SW direction and these faults controlled both the sedimentation and the subsidence. The coal horizon of over 50 meters in thickness indicates the balance between the sedimentation and subsidence rates, and was preserved during peat deposition. Coals were generated in this extensive and shallow freshwater lake and evolved from the Pliocene to Pleistocene. Typical faunal and floral assemblages of this ancient Afşin-Elbistan freshwater lake are Ostracoda, Mollusca (Gastropoda and Pelecypoda), spore-pollen and Characeae (gyrogonites). Eleven Cypridoidea species were identified from the investigation area. Eight of them are already known (Candona neglectaSars,Candona iliensisMandelstam,Candonaaff.candida(Müller),Pseudocandona compressa(Koch),Cyclocypris ovum(Jurine),Ilyocypris gibba(Ramdohr),Cypris puberaMüller,Heterocypris salina(Brady)), whereas three belong to open nomenclature —Candonasp. andEucyprissp.;Dolerocypris anatolianov. sp. is proposed as a new species.DolerocyprisKaufmann is one of the largest genera among the freshwater Ostracoda. It has a very wide geographical distribution. Representatives of this genus are actively swimming species found in shallow zones of freshwater lakes and reported from small grassy water bodies with megascopic plants.Dolerocypris anatolianov. sp. is recorded from core samples of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Afşin-Elbistan Coal Basin for the first time.

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Vélez-Juarbe, Jorge, Christopher A. Brochu e Hernán Santos. "A gharial from the Oligocene of Puerto Rico: transoceanic dispersal in the history of a non-marine reptile". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, n. 1615 (6 marzo 2007): 1245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0455.

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The Indian gharial ( Gavialis gangeticus ) is not found in saltwater, but the geographical distribution of fossil relatives suggests a derivation from ancestors that lived in, or were at least able to withstand, saline conditions. Here, we describe a new Oligocene gharial, Aktiogavialis puertoricensis , from deltaic–coastal deposits of northern Puerto Rico. It is related to a clade of Neogene gharials otherwise restricted to South America. Its geological and geographical settings, along with its phylogenetic relationships, are consistent with two scenarios: (i) that a single trans-Atlantic dispersal event during the Tertiary explains the South American Neogene gharial assemblage and (ii) that stem gharials were coastal animals and their current restriction to freshwater settings is a comparatively recent environmental shift for the group. This discovery highlights the importance of including fossil information in a phylogenetic context when assessing the ecological history of modern organisms.

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Tell, Guillermo. "Recent and fossil species of the genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorococcales) from Argentina and their geographical distribution". Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 112 (1 maggio 2004): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2004/0112-0049.

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Signorelli, Javier H., e J. G. M. (Han) Raven. "Current knowledge of the family Cardiliidae (Bivalvia, Mactroidea)". Journal of Paleontology 92, n. 2 (20 febbraio 2018): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.86.

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AbstractThe family Cardiliidae has been scarcely studied. It was historically placed in the superfamily Mactroidea. Members of this family are characterized by a cordiform shell with a typical mactrid hinge, posterior adductor muscle placed into a myophore and three ornamental areas on the external surface of the shell. Six extant and 14 exclusively fossil species have been previously mentioned in the literature as belonging to the genusCardilia. The geographical distribution, stratigraphic range, type material and type locality of each extant and fossil species are provided. In this work, four extant species and 11 exclusively fossil species belonging to the genusCardiliaare recognized. Extant species are from the western Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and eastern Atlantic Ocean, while fossil taxa are recorded from deposits of middle Eocene to late Pliocene in Europe and Asia,. One of them is formally described herein asCardilia edwardsinew species.

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23

Do Carmo, Dermeval Aparecido, e Yvonne T. Sanguinetti. "Taxonomy and palaeoceanographical significance of the genus Krithe (Ostracoda) in the Brazilian margin". Journal of Micropalaeontology 18, n. 2 (1 dicembre 1999): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.18.2.111.

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Abstract. The results of taxonomic, geographical distribution and palaeoecological studies of the genus Krithe from the Brazilian continental margin are presented. The following species and subspecies are recognized: Krithe reversa Bold, 1958; K. trinidadensis Bold, 1958; K. morkhoveni morkhoveni Bold, 1960; K. coimbrai sp. nov.; and K. gnoma sp. nov. Four species are left in open nomenclature. The occurrence of Krithe within the Brazilian continental margin is restricted to areas under the influence of cold waters and, considering their stratigraphic distribution in Cenozoic strata, they are here recognized as being useful as palaeoceanographic indicators. Of the above-mentioned species, only two occur within the Brazilian continental shelf; these are K. coimbrai and K. gnoma. These species are eurybathic and their occurrences in a shelf environment are restricted to areas under the influence of the Falkland Current. Considering their stratigraphic distribution within the Pelotas Basin, southern Brazil, and their association with other cold-water taxa, including species of foraminifera, it is here suggested that the Falkland Current was already operating in the Miocene.

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24

Jones, Washington, Andrés Rinderknecht, Rafael Migotto e R. Ernesto Blanco. "Body mass estimations and paleobiological inferences on a new species of large Caracara (Aves, Falconidae) from the late Pleistocene of Uruguay". Journal of Paleontology 87, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-026r.1.

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The caracaras belong to a group of falconids with widespread geographical distribution in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in South America. Here we report fossil remains of a new species attributed to the genusCaracarafrom the late Pleistocene of Uruguay. This bird would have had an estimated body mass of 3700 grams, a value that greatly exceeds the maximum body mass reported for living falconids. Apparently, it would have had flying capabilities, in contrast to another paleospecies recently described from the Holocene of Jamaica. This fossil bird was found in association with mammal megafaunal remains and could offer new insights about the role of carnivorous birds in late Pleistocene environments of South America.

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25

Murienne, Jerome, Savel R. Daniels, Thomas R. Buckley, Georg Mayer e Gonzalo Giribet. "A living fossil tale of Pangaean biogeography". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, n. 1775 (22 gennaio 2014): 20132648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2648.

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The current distributions of widespread groups of terrestrial animals and plants are supposedly the result of a mixture of either vicariance owing to continental split or more recent trans-oceanic dispersal. For organisms exhibiting a vicariant biogeographic pattern—achieving their current distribution by riding on the plates of former supercontinents—this view is largely inspired by the belief that Pangaea lacked geographical or ecological barriers, or that extinctions and dispersal would have erased any biogeographic signal since the early Mesozoic. We here present a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of Onychophora (velvet worms), an ancient and exclusively terrestrial panarthropod group distributed throughout former Pangaean landmasses. Our data not only demonstrate that trans-oceanic dispersal does not need be invoked to explain contemporary distributions, but also reveal that the early diversification of the group pre-dates the break-up of Pangaea, maintaining regionalization even in landmasses that have remained contiguous throughout the history of the group. These results corroborate a growing body of evidence from palaeontology, palaeogeography and palaeoclimatic modelling depicting ancient biogeographic regionalization over the continuous landmass of Pangaea.

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26

Roy, Mandip Kumar, Amaresh Kumar Deo e Akriti Rani. "Study of Faunal Diversity of Laxmipur Pond at Raxaul Area of Indo-Himalayan Range of Bihar". International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, n. 1 (25 marzo 2014): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.10003.

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Abstract (sommario):

North Bihar exhibits a wide range of wet lands and net of water bodies due to its geographical distribution and climatic condition and has become a good source of income through fish culture and variety of important cultivable crops. The fish collected from water body are represented by 8 orders and 12 families, 18 genera and 23 species. During the entire period of investigation, altogether 32 genera of phytoplankton consisting of chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae, euglenophyceae and bascillariophyceae, etc. In the present study, Zooplankton are represented by 05 genera of 7 copepoda, 06 genera of ostracoda. The density of phytoplankton was found to be higher than Zooplankton. The population of plankton was observed to be low during rainy season.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i1.10003Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(1): 93-96

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27

Boev, Zlatozar. "Past distribution of Ursus arctos in Bulgaria: fossil and subfossil records (Carnivora: Ursidae)". Lynx new series 51, n. 1 (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2020.001.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper summarizes numerous scattered data from the last 120 years on the former distribution of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Bulgaria. Data from 52 (13 fossil and 39 subfossil) sites (from the Middle Pleistocene to the 19th century AD) are presented. The brown bear former distribution was much wider than the present occurrence. The species range covered the whole territory of the country, including mountain regions, as well as vast lowland and plain landscapes. The geographical, altitudinal and chronological distribution are presented and analyzed. The record from the Kozarnika Cave (1.000,000–700,000 years BP) is one of the earliest records of this species in Europe. About 73% of the localities are situated between 100 and 500 m a. s. l. Twelve sites contain Paleolithic finds, one Mesolithic, 14 Neolithic, six Chalcolithic, five from the Bronze Age, and two from the Iron Age. The remaining 12 subrecent sites are dated to the last ca. 2,400 years. Most of the species findings came from archeological sites – prehistoric and ancient settlements. The distribution of Ursus arctos once covered the entire territory of the country, including the vast regions such as Ludogorie, Dobruja, the Danube Lowland, the Upper Thracian Lowland, as well as the Sakar, Strandja, Sredna Gora, and the Predbalkan Mts.

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28

Santos, Rodolfo Otávio, Michel Laurin e Hussam Zaher. "A review of the fossil record of caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophionomorpha) with comments on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, n. 4 (3 novembre 2020): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa148.

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Abstract Gymnophiona, popularly known as caecilians, the most poorly known major taxon of extant amphibians, are elongate and limbless tetrapods, with compact ossified skulls and reduced eyes, mainly adapted to fossorial life as adults. Caecilians are poorly represented in the fossil record, but despite the scarcity of fossil specimens described (only four named taxa, in addition to indeterminate fragmentary material), their fossils play a key role in our knowledge of the origin and evolution of Lissamphibia, as well as contribute directly to a better understanding of the phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of extant gymnophionan taxa. These records are scattered throughout geological time (from the Jurassic to the sub-Recent) and space (North and South America and Africa). Here, we revisit the caecilian fossil record, providing a brief description of all known extinct taxa described so far, along with general remarks about their impact on systematics, time range, and geographical distribution of the clade, as well as prospects for future research. Possible calibration constraints based on the caecilian fossil record are provided.

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29

DANIELOPOL, DAN L., M. CRISTINA CABRAL, ALAN LORD, PIERRE CARBONEL, MARTIN GROSS, MARIUS STOICA, WILLIAM F. HUMPHREYS et al. "Sieve-type pore canals in the Timiriaseviinae—A contribution to the comparative morphology and the systematics of the Limnocytheridae (Ostracoda, Crustacea)". Zootaxa 4495, n. 1 (3 ottobre 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4495.1.1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Examination of normal pore canals, especially sieve-type pore canals, in living and fossil representatives of ten genera of the family Limnocytheridae, subfamily Timiriaseviinae, has revealed important diversity of structure. These complex pore canals have been studied via high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (the Cartographic Method) and analysed via the application of newly devised indices to assess patterns of consistency and variation in both detailed structure of individual pores and of their distribution on the calcified valve. The timiriaseviine taxa are compared with species of the genera Limnocythere, sub-family Limnocytherinae and Cyprideis (family Cytherideidae). The relationship between the living animal and its aquatic environment is discussed in the light of previous studies and of new evidence herein. The importance of normal pore canals for systematics is highlighted by the recognition and definition of the new tribe Gomphodellini Danielopol, Cabral & Lord nov. tribe, subfamily Timiriaseviinae, family Limnocytheridae.

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30

PÉREZ, ALEJANDRA P., CORINA A. COVIAGA, LORENA Y. RAMOS, JULIO LANCELOTTI, MARTA S. ALPERIN e GABRIELA C. CUSMINSKY. "Taxonomic revision of Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov. (Ostracoda, Crustacea) from Patagonia, Argentina with morphometric analysis of their intraspecific shape variability and sexual dimorphism". Zootaxa 4563, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.4.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this study we redescribe an ostracod species belonging to the subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900, sampled in seven localities of northern and southern Patagonia, Argentina. A new taxonomical combination is proposed, Cypridopsis silvestrii comb. nov., based on detailed description of females and the first descriptions of males. Cypridopsis silvestrii occurred on a wide geographical distribution range, from 40º to 48º S latitude, as well as broad environmental tolerance ranges. We evaluated morphological variations in two populations of C. silvestrii from northern (El Toro lake) and southern (El Sello lake) Patagonia, with contrasting limnological conditions. El Toro is a small shallow lake with high salinity waters and El Sello is a large deep lake with lower salinity. Based on morphometric analysis, our results showed intraspecific variation in valve shape and size between populations. Sexual dimorphism in El Toro population was identified through morphometric analyses. Additionally, comparison of valve outlines in living and subfossil individuals from El Toro lake allowed specimens previously described as juveniles of Eucypris fontana (Graf, 1931) to be identified as adults of C. silvestrii comb. nov. The present contribution increases knowledge of the taxonomic identity, the ecological requirements and the geographical distribution of C. silvestrii, and shows that morphometric analyses are a feasible and useful tool for exploring intraspecific shape differences and assisting in taxonomic identification. Furthermore, the results presented herein provide tools for C. silvestrii identification in paleolimnological studies, and emphasize the usefulness of studying living representatives for clarification of the taxonomic status of species widely distributed in Quaternary sediments.

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31

SUN, LI-WEI, S. ROBBERT GRADSTEIN, ZUN DAI, WEN-ZHANG MA, RUI-PING SHI, QIAN-QIAN WEI, XUE-DI GAO e JIAN WANG. "Notes on the distribution of Acrolejeunea sandvicensis (Gottsche) Steph., a liverwort species disjunctive between East Asia and Hawaii". Phytotaxa 367, n. 2 (4 settembre 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.367.2.5.

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Abstract (sommario):

Based on the examination of herbarium material, the extant distribution of Acrolejeunea sandvicensis is shown to be disjunctive between subtropical East Asia and Hawaii. All tropical records of the species with one exception (southern India: Palani Hills) are erroneous. Close similarity to the fossil A. ucrainica may indicate that the species was widespread in the Holarctic during the Tertiary. The Asia-Hawaii disjunct plant relationships, especially liverworts, are briefly discussed. Verification of published records is essential for the assessment of the geographical ranges of species and is a key step towards the prediction of the species occurrences.

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32

Coimbra, J. C., M. I. F. Ramos, R. C. Whatley e C. T. Bergue. "The taxonomy and zoogeography of the family Trachyleberididae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Equatorial Continental Shelf of Brazil". Journal of Micropalaeontology 23, n. 2 (1 novembre 2004): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.23.2.107.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. A study of the family Trachyleberididae Sylvester-Bradley from the Equatorial Continental Shelf of Brazil (almost 1400 km in length) revealed the presence of five new species, which are described herein. These are: Cletocythereis atlantica, Cativella paratranslucens, Cativella reticulocostata, Henryhowella tuberculoclaviforma and Australimoosella polypleuron. Two sub-species of the genus Costa, C. variabilicostata brasiliensis subsp. nov. and C. variabilicostata aff. recticostata Bold, are placed within the variabilicostata group. The genus Neocaudites is represented by two species, N. subimpressus Edwards and N. triplistriatus Edwards, originally described from the Upper Miocene and Pliocene of the Duplin Marl, North Carolina, USA. The genus Puriana is represented by P. convoluta Teeter and P. variabilis Chukewiski & Purper, described originally from Belize (British Honduras) and the Brazilian coast, respectively. The geographical distribution of the studied fauna, reveals the presence of two assemblages on the Equatorial Continental Shelf of Brazil, a Northwest and a Southwest assemblage, separated by the area of discharge of the Amazon and Pará rivers and each with its distinctive oceanographical and sedimentological characteristics.

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33

Löser, Hannes. "Database applications in coral research". Paleontological Society Papers 1 (ottobre 1996): 207–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000115.

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Abstract (sommario):

Data on extant and fossil corals are analyzed. The characteristics of the organisms are divided into five basic units of data: morphology, ecology, taxonomical relations, stratigraphical, and (paleo-) geographical occurrence. Six data complexes are derived from these units. Their relationships are defined and the database structures designed on the basis of the Entity-Relationship-Model. The data structures are described in detail and advice is given for building up databases. The various opportunities of querying the database and particularly of assessing the data are thoroughly discussed. Data obtainable by transactions on the stratigraphical and (paleo-) geographical distribution of the organisms are considered. Finally, the database on Mesozoic corals compiled by the author is introduced and some preliminary results as well as future projects are presented.

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34

Villalobos, Fabricio, Francesco Carotenuto, Pasquale Raia e José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho. "Phylogenetic fields through time: temporal dynamics of geographical co-occurrence and phylogenetic structure within species ranges". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, n. 1691 (5 aprile 2016): 20150220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0220.

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Abstract (sommario):

Species co-occur with different sets of other species across their geographical distribution, which can be either closely or distantly related. Such co-occurrence patterns and their phylogenetic structure within individual species ranges represent what we call the species phylogenetic fields (PFs). These PFs allow investigation of the role of historical processes—speciation, extinction and dispersal—in shaping species co-occurrence patterns, in both extinct and extant species. Here, we investigate PFs of large mammalian species during the last 3 Myr, and how these correlate with trends in diversification rates. Using the fossil record, we evaluate species' distributional and co-occurrence patterns along with their phylogenetic structure. We apply a novel Bayesian framework on fossil occurrences to estimate diversification rates through time. Our findings highlight the effect of evolutionary processes and past climatic changes on species' distributions and co-occurrences. From the Late Pliocene to the Recent, mammal species seem to have responded in an individualistic manner to climate changes and diversification dynamics, co-occurring with different sets of species from different lineages across their geographical ranges. These findings stress the difficulty of forecasting potential effects of future climate changes on biodiversity.

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35

Prorokovic, Dusan. "The geopoliticAl context of energy security". Medjunarodni problemi 72, n. 1 (2020): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp2001254p.

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Abstract (sommario):

Geopolitical conceptions also have an ?energy dimension?, just as energy security can and must be considered in the context of geopolitics. The twenty-first century remains a century of fossil fuel use. It should be expected that the share of coal in the total energy balance will decline, but also that the share of natural gas use will increase. Political decisions and international relations as a whole will be correlated with the geographical distribution of oil and natural gas sources and routes of the strategic pipelines. This paper discusses this issue in five chapters. The first is introductory, explaining the definitions of energy security and geopolitics. The second chapter is devoted to explaining the importance of energy issues for political relations, and the third presents the geographical distribution of energy sources and reserves. The geopolitics of energy security with some examples from contemporary international relations is described in Chapter Four, while the last part of the paper deals with concluding considerations.

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36

Kiessling, Wolfgang, e Ádám T. Kocsis. "Adding fossil occupancy trajectories to the assessment of modern extinction risk". Biology Letters 12, n. 10 (ottobre 2016): 20150813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0813.

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Abstract (sommario):

Besides helping to identify species traits that are commonly linked to extinction risk, the fossil record may also be directly relevant for assessing the extinction risk of extant species. Standing geographical distribution or occupancy is a strong predictor of both recent and past extinction risk, but the role of changes in occupancy is less widely assessed. Here we demonstrate, based on the Cenozoic fossil record of marine species, that both occupancy and its temporal trajectory are significant determinants of risk. Based on extinct species we develop a model on the additive and interacting effects of occupancy and its temporal changes on extinction risk. We use this model to predict extinction risk of extant species. The predictions suggest a moderate risk for marine species on average. However, some species seem to be on a long-term decline and potentially at a latent extinction risk, which is not considered in current risk assessments.

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37

Prado, José L., Ricardo Bonini, Cristian Favier-Dubois, Gustavo N. Gómez, Pamela Steffan e María T. Alberdi. "Fossil horses from the Late Pleistocene of Tapalqué Creek (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 294, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2019): 285–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2019/0860.

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Abstract (sommario):

A comparative study was made with the known record of equids species in South America, identifying the remains as Equus neogeus, Hippidion devillei, and Hippidion principale. These data increase the record of Equidae in South America and provide new evidence about the chronological and geographical distribution. The sedimentary deposits of the Lujan Formation outcropping at Tapalqué creek (4 to 120 ky) were accumulated through fluvial processes. This Formation comprises a rich vertebrate fauna corresponding to the Lujanian South American Land Mammal Age, which includes numerous and diverse vertebrate remains. The taphonomic analysis indicates that the faunistic assemblage was formed and was subject to diagenetic processes without distinction of its action in the fossiliferous levels, that can be recognized as fluvial deposits.

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38

Apesteguía, Sebastián, Juan D. Daza, Tiago R. Simões e Jean Claude Rage. "The first iguanian lizard from the Mesozoic of Africa". Royal Society Open Science 3, n. 9 (settembre 2016): 160462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160462.

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Abstract (sommario):

The fossil record shows that iguanian lizards were widely distributed during the Late Cretaceous. However, the biogeographic history and early evolution of one of its most diverse and peculiar clades (acrodontans) remain poorly known. Here, we present the first Mesozoic acrodontan from Africa, which also represents the oldest iguanian lizard from that continent. The new taxon comes from the Kem Kem Beds in Morocco (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) and is based on a partial lower jaw. The new taxon presents a number of features that are found only among acrodontan lizards and shares greatest similarities with uromastycines, specifically. In a combined evidence phylogenetic dataset comprehensive of all major acrodontan lineages using multiple tree inference methods (traditional and implied weighting maximum-parsimony, and Bayesian inference), we found support for the placement of the new species within uromastycines, along with Gueragama sulamericana (Late Cretaceous of Brazil). The new fossil supports the previously hypothesized widespread geographical distribution of acrodontans in Gondwana during the Mesozoic. Additionally, it provides the first fossil evidence of uromastycines in the Cretaceous, and the ancestry of acrodontan iguanians in Africa.

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39

MacDonald, Glen M., e Les C. Cwynar. "A fossil pollen based reconstruction of the late Quaternary history of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia) in the western interior of Canada". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1985): 1039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-168.

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Abstract (sommario):

Previous reconstructions of the late Quaternary biogeographical history of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) have been based upon inferences from the modern geographical distribution of morphological and genetic variation. These studies have led to the widely accepted conclusion that relict populations of the Rocky Mountain subspecies of lodgepole pine (ssp. latifolia Engelm.) persisted in glacial refugia located in northwestern Canada. New fossil pollen evidence of the late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution of lodgepole pine in the western interior of Canada contradicts this view. Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia migrated northward into Canada from refugia located south of the continental glacial limits and did not reach its northern range limits in the southern Yukon until the late Holocene.

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40

Maliska, Max E., Matthew W. Pennell e Billie J. Swalla. "Developmental mode influences diversification in ascidians". Biology Letters 9, n. 3 (23 giugno 2013): 20130068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0068.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ascidian species (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) usually have tailed, hatching tadpole larvae. In several lineages, species have evolved larvae that completely lack any tail tissues and are unable to disperse actively. Some tailless species hatch, but some do not hatch before going through metamorphosis. We show here that ascidian species with the highest speciation rates are those with the largest range sizes and tailed hatching larval development. We use methods for examining diversification in binary characters across a posterior distribution of trees, and show that mode of larval development predicts geographical range sizes. Conversely, we find that species with the least dispersive larval development (tailless, non-hatching) have the lowest speciation rates and smallest geographical ranges. Our speciation rate results are contrary to findings from sea urchins and snails examined in the fossil record, and further work is necessary to reconcile these disparate results.

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41

Zelenkov, Nikita V. "The first fossil parrot (Aves, Psittaciformes) from Siberia and its implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes". Biology Letters 12, n. 10 (ottobre 2016): 20160717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0717.

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Abstract (sommario):

Modern parrots (crown Psittaciformes) are a species-rich group of mostly tropical and subtropical birds with a very limited fossil record. A partial tarsometatarsus from the late Early Miocene of Siberia (Baikal Lake) is the first pre-Quaternary find of crown Psittaciformes in Asia (and Siberia in particular) and is also the northern-most find of this bird order worldwide. This find documents a broad geographical distribution of parrots during the warmest phase of the Miocene (the so-called ‘Miocene Climatic Optimum’), which has implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes. The presence of parrots on both sides of the Pacific Ocean at the end of the Early Miocene implies a (most probably eastwards) trans-Beringian dispersal which likely took place about 16–18 Ma. The broad Eurasian distribution of parrots in the past further supports a hypothesis that ancestors of modern genera Coracopsis and Agapornis could reach Africa from Eurasia.

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42

SZADZIEWSKI, RYSZARD, e ELŻBIETA SONTAG. "First male of Corethrella andersoni Poinar & Szadziewski, 2007 (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber". Palaeoentomology 1, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.1.1.6.

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Abstract (sommario):

The family Corethrellidae, called frog-biting midges, with the single genus Corethrella Coquillett, 1902, is a small group of dipterans including 107 extant species (Borkent, 2017). Females of most species are haematophagous and feed on males of frogs and toads locating them by their calls (Borkent, 2008). Extant frog-biting midges have a pantropical distribution, absent in Europe, north Africa, middle and northern Asia (Giłka & Szadziewski, 2009). The genus during its phylogenetic history dated back to Lower Cretaceous (125–129 Ma) had a broader geographical distribution, and during Eocene was present in Europe. Till now nine fossil species have been described from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (1), mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (1), Eocene Baltic amber (5) and Miocene Dominican amber (2) (a complete annotated list is provided below).

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43

Jovanovic, Gordana, Nicolae Trif, Vlad Codrea e Dragana Djuric. "Middle Miocene shark teeth from the southern margin of the Pannonian basin system (Serbia, Central Paratethys)". Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique 80, n. 1 (2019): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp1901029j.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper describes Middle Miocene (Badenian) shark teeth from Serbia and discusses their geographical distribution at other localities of the Central Paratethys. The shark teeth originate from Visnjica (near Belgrade), from Visnjica Clay, or the ?Pleurotoma Clay?. The variety of sharks is very low, but according to these fossils Visnjica is the richest among serbian localities. The sharks teeth reported in the paper belong to the following taxa: Otodus (Megaselachus) megalodon (AgAssiz, 1835), Hemipristis serra AgAssiz, 1835 and Odontaspididae indet. The high diversity of invertebrates (molluscs, echinoids, corals etc.) and other coeval fossil assemblages indicate a warm period (the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum), which preceded the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.

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44

Brandão, Simone N., e Olinga Päplow. "New species and occurrences of Bradleya Benson, 1972, Harleya Jellinek & Swanson, 2003 and Poseidonamicus Benson, 1972 (Ostracoda: Cytheroidea) from the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean". Journal of Micropalaeontology 30, n. 2 (1 settembre 2011): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0262-821x10-017.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The Southern Ocean shelf ostracod fauna is quite well known, while the bathyal and abyssal ones remain poorly understood. Herein, Recent Thaerocytheridae ostracods collected from deep regions in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean are described and figured. The discovery of Bradleya mesembrina Mazzini, 2005 extends its geographical and bathymetric distribution to the Antarctic zone of the Southern Ocean and to shallower (231 m) and to deeper regions (4420 m). Harleya ansoni (Whatley, Moguilevsky, Ramos & Coxill, 1998) is reported for the first time from the Weddell Sea. We also describe three new species: Poseidonamicus hunti Brandão & Päplow sp. nov., Poseidonamicus tainae Brandão sp. nov. and Poseidonamicus yasuharai Brandão & Päplow sp. nov. For the first time we provide SEM photos of the lectotype of Poseidonamicus viminea (Brady, 1880) nomen dubium. We observe that P. yasuharai displays features intermediate to Harleya and Poseidonamicus, indicating that these two genera may require new diagnoses. The bathymetric distribution of Poseidonamicus is extended to the abyssal zone and to shallower environments, and its geographical distribution is extended southwards. Finally, the inter-specific variability in the number and type of setae and claws found on several segments of Poseidonamicus limbs are intermediate between the highly variable Bairdioidea and the homogeneous Macrocyprididae.

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Silvestro, Daniele, Alexander Zizka, Christine D. Bacon, Borja Cascales-Miñana, Nicolas Salamin e Alexandre Antonelli. "Fossil biogeography: a new model to infer dispersal, extinction and sampling from palaeontological data". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, n. 1691 (5 aprile 2016): 20150225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0225.

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Methods in historical biogeography have revolutionized our ability to infer the evolution of ancestral geographical ranges from phylogenies of extant taxa, the rates of dispersals, and biotic connectivity among areas. However, extant taxa are likely to provide limited and potentially biased information about past biogeographic processes, due to extinction, asymmetrical dispersals and variable connectivity among areas. Fossil data hold considerable information about past distribution of lineages, but suffer from largely incomplete sampling. Here we present a new dispersal–extinction–sampling (DES) model, which estimates biogeographic parameters using fossil occurrences instead of phylogenetic trees. The model estimates dispersal and extinction rates while explicitly accounting for the incompleteness of the fossil record. Rates can vary between areas and through time, thus providing the opportunity to assess complex scenarios of biogeographic evolution. We implement the DES model in a Bayesian framework and demonstrate through simulations that it can accurately infer all the relevant parameters. We demonstrate the use of our model by analysing the Cenozoic fossil record of land plants and inferring dispersal and extinction rates across Eurasia and North America. Our results show that biogeographic range evolution is not a time-homogeneous process, as assumed in most phylogenetic analyses, but varies through time and between areas. In our empirical assessment, this is shown by the striking predominance of plant dispersals from Eurasia into North America during the Eocene climatic cooling, followed by a shift in the opposite direction, and finally, a balance in biotic interchange since the middle Miocene. We conclude by discussing the potential of fossil-based analyses to test biogeographic hypotheses and improve phylogenetic methods in historical biogeography.

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Akhoundi, Mohammad, Denis Sereno, Remy Durand, Asad Mirzaei, Christiane Bruel, Pascal Delaunay, Pierre Marty e Arezki Izri. "Bed Bugs (Hemiptera, Cimicidae): Overview of Classification, Evolution and Dispersion". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 12 (25 giugno 2020): 4576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124576.

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The bed bugs (Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus) have undergone a significant resurgence worldwide since the 1990s. A compilation of findings from a database, including 2650 scientific publications from seven major medical databases, allowed us to document main evolutionary events, from fossil evidence, dating from 11,000 years ago, until the present that has led to the current worldwide expansion of Cimicid species. We present the hypotheses on the possible dispersion pathways of bed bugs in light of the major historical and evolutionary events. A detailed classification of the Cimicidae family and finally, an illustrative map displaying the current distribution of known Cimex species in each geographical ecozone of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Australia are presented.

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Friedman, Matt, Benjamin P. Keck, Alex Dornburg, Ron I. Eytan, Christopher H. Martin, C. Darrin Hulsey, Peter C. Wainwright e Thomas J. Near. "Molecular and fossil evidence place the origin of cichlid fishes long after Gondwanan rifting". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, n. 1770 (7 novembre 2013): 20131733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1733.

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Cichlid fishes are a key model system in the study of adaptive radiation, speciation and evolutionary developmental biology. More than 1600 cichlid species inhabit freshwater and marginal marine environments across several southern landmasses. This distributional pattern, combined with parallels between cichlid phylogeny and sequences of Mesozoic continental rifting, has led to the widely accepted hypothesis that cichlids are an ancient group whose major biogeographic patterns arose from Gondwanan vicariance. Although the Early Cretaceous ( ca 135 Ma) divergence of living cichlids demanded by the vicariance model now represents a key calibration for teleost molecular clocks, this putative split pre-dates the oldest cichlid fossils by nearly 90 Myr. Here, we provide independent palaeontological and relaxed-molecular-clock estimates for the time of cichlid origin that collectively reject the antiquity of the group required by the Gondwanan vicariance scenario. The distribution of cichlid fossil horizons, the age of stratigraphically consistent outgroup lineages to cichlids and relaxed-clock analysis of a DNA sequence dataset consisting of 10 nuclear genes all deliver overlapping estimates for crown cichlid origin centred on the Palaeocene ( ca 65–57 Ma), substantially post-dating the tectonic fragmentation of Gondwana. Our results provide a revised macroevolutionary time scale for cichlids, imply a role for dispersal in generating the observed geographical distribution of this important model clade and add to a growing debate that questions the dominance of the vicariance paradigm of historical biogeography.

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Stimpson, C. M., S. O'Donnell, N. T. M. Huong, R. Holmes, B. Utting, T. Kahlert e R. J. Rabett. "Confirmed archaeological evidence of water deer in Vietnam: relics of the Pleistocene or a shifting baseline?" Royal Society Open Science 8, n. 6 (giugno 2021): 210529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210529.

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Studies of archaeological and palaeontological bone assemblages increasingly show that the historical distributions of many mammal species are unrepresentative of their longer-term geographical ranges in the Quaternary. Consequently, the geographical and ecological scope of potential conservation efforts may be inappropriately narrow. Here, we consider a case-in-point, the water deer Hydropotes inermis , which has historical native distributions in eastern China and the Korean peninsula. We present morphological and metric criteria for the taxonomic diagnosis of mandibles and maxillary canine fragments from Hang Thung Binh 1 cave in Tràng An World Heritage Site, which confirm the prehistoric presence of water deer in Vietnam. Dated to between 13 000 and 16 000 years before the present, the specimens are further evidence of a wider Quaternary distribution for these Vulnerable cervids, are valuable additions to a sparse Pleistocene fossil record and confirm water deer as a component of the Upper Pleistocene fauna of northern Vietnam. Palaeoenvironmental proxies suggest that the Tràng An water deer occupied cooler, but not necessarily drier, conditions than today. We consider if the specimens represent extirpated Pleistocene populations or indicate a previously unrecognized, longer-standing southerly distribution with possible implications for the conservation of the species in the future.

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PILLAI, T. GOTTFRIED. "A revision of the genera Galeolaria and Pyrgopolon (Polychaeta: Serpulidae), with discussions on opercular insertion as a character in their taxonomy and relationships, and their zoogeography". Zootaxa 2060, n. 1 (1 aprile 2009): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2060.1.4.

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While earlier works have shown that the operculum is inserted in the position of the first or second branchial radiole in serpulimorph taxa, the present paper shows that it is inserted independently of the branchial radioles of both sides in the genera Galeolaria and Pyrgopolon. Although both genera possess several characters in common with the group consisting of Pomatoleios, Pomatoceros and Spirobranchus, a cladistic analysis revealed that they form two distinct clades, as sister groups to each other. Extant species of Pyrgopolon occur mainly in the Caribbean region, and of Galeolaria in eastern Australia and New Zealand. However, there is palaeontological evidence indicating that fossil species of Pyrgopolon had a wider geographical distribution, having existed in Europe during geological times.

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Barrett, Paul M., Roger B. J. Benson, Thomas H. Rich e Patricia Vickers-Rich. "First spinosaurid dinosaur from Australia and the cosmopolitanism of Cretaceous dinosaur faunas". Biology Letters 7, n. 6 (21 giugno 2011): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0466.

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A cervical vertebra from the Early Cretaceous of Victoria represents the first Australian spinosaurid theropod dinosaur. This discovery significantly extends the geographical range of spinosaurids, suggesting that the clade obtained a near-global distribution before the onset of Pangaean fragmentation. The combined presence of spinosaurid, neovenatorid, tyrannosauroid and dromaeosaurid theropods in the Australian Cretaceous undermines previous suggestions that the dinosaur fauna of this region was either largely endemic or predominantly ‘Gondwanan’ in composition. Many lineages are well-represented in both Laurasia and Gondwana, and these observations suggest that Early–‘middle’ Cretaceous theropod clades possessed more cosmopolitan distributions than assumed previously, and that caution is necessary when attempting to establish palaeobiogeographic patterns on the basis of a patchily distributed fossil record.

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